635 results on '"Ocean science"'
Search Results
202. Conclusion: Situating Britain and the Sea in the Cold War
- Author
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Samuel A. Robinson
- Subjects
History ,Framing (social sciences) ,Cold war ,Ocean science ,Media studies ,Historiography - Abstract
This is the book’s conclusion. The primary objective of this book has been to provide a history of how, during the Cold War, oceanographic science in Britain interacted with its state patrons. Three themes have emerged which have driven its analytical framing. First, this work sets out to study the management of ocean science. Secondly, the connections between ocean science and surveillance are explored. Thirdly, this book strives to break down monolithic understandings of government research funding. This conclusion brings together these themes and places them in a historiographical context.
- Published
- 2018
203. Designing a Curriculum-Aligned Assessment of Cumulative Learning about Marine Primary Production to Improve an Undergraduate Marine Sciences Program
- Author
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Sara M. Lindsay and Ryan A. Weatherbee
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Concept inventory ,QH301-705.5 ,Impact of Microorganisms ,Marine Biology ,Oceanography ,Thinking skills ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Education ,Concept Inventory ,Ocean Science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Undergraduate curriculum ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Production (economics) ,Curriculum revision ,Biology (General) ,Set (psychology) ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Curriculum ,Undergraduate ,lcsh:LC8-6691 ,lcsh:Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Item analysis ,Research ,05 social sciences ,050301 education ,Special aspects of education ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
We developed an assessment to track changes in understanding about marine primary production, a key concept taught across our undergraduate curriculum. Question content was informed by investigating student misunderstandings, conducting faculty interviews, and mapping primary production concepts to the curriculum. Content questions were paired with questions asking students how confident they were in their answers. Although students gained knowledge of marine primary production across educational levels, confidence data and item analysis indicated student misunderstandings on several concepts. Many students had difficulty on questions that required interpreting graphs or other higher-order thinking skills. The results set the stage for additional focused assessment and curriculum revision, and the questions may be useful in developing a large-scale, interdisciplinary marine sciences concept inventory.
- Published
- 2018
204. Biogeochemical and phylogenetic signals of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic microbial metabolisms
- Author
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Danielle S. Gruen
- Subjects
Biogeochemical cycle ,Planetary science ,Phylogenetic tree ,Proterozoic ,Earth science ,Ocean science ,Phanerozoic ,Geology ,Carbon cycle - Abstract
Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2018.
- Published
- 2018
205. New Frontiers of Oceanology and 'Environmentalism'
- Author
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Samuel A. Robinson
- Subjects
Resource security ,Government ,education.field_of_study ,Politics ,Oceanography ,Political science ,Ocean science ,Population ,Environmentalism ,education ,Administration (government) ,Natural (archaeology) - Abstract
Following the drastic changes in the political administration of the Institute by the British government in the early 1960s the NIO had to confront a very different funding and research landscape. In this chapter I argue that they did this through a combination of looking for new research environments, continuing existing military relationships, and working for ocean science to become associated with industry through the new discipline of oceanology. The rise of environmental concern and industrial interest in exploiting ocean resources are examined against the background of new resource security concerns in a world expected to simultaneously confront the population bomb, the pollution crisis, and man’s destruction of the natural environment.
- Published
- 2018
206. Global phenological insensitivity to shifting ocean temperatures among seabirds
- Author
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Kees Camphuysen, Jannik Hansen, Tanya Pyk, Wayne Z. Trivelpiece, Sébastien Descamps, Craig A. Walling, William A. Montevecchi, Richard A. Phillips, Johannes Lang, Michael J. Dunn, Olof Olsson, Carolyn Mostello, Paulo Catry, A. G. Wood, Magdalene Langset, Amélie Lescroël, Yutaka Watanuki, David G. Ainley, Phil O'b. Lyver, Børge Moe, Raül Ramos, Walter S. Svagelj, Pete Warzybok, Peter H. Becker, Kjell Einar Erikstad, Peter G. Ryan, Ian C. T. Nisbet, Jaime Jahncke, Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, Signe Christensen-Dalsgaard, Sveinn Are Hanssen, Michael P. Harris, Hugh Drummond, Benoît Sittler, Daniel Oro, T. K. Reiertsen, Francis Daunt, Peter J. Kappes, Grant Ballard, Peter R. Wilson, Robert T. Barrett, William R. Fraser, Tycho Anker-Nilssen, José Pedro Granadeiro, Christopher A. Surman, Mark Newell, Flavio Quintana, Cristina Rodríguez, Zofia M. Burr, Sue Lewis, Sarah Wanless, Nina Dehnhard, Meritxell Genovart, Niels Martin Schmidt, Ana Sanz-Aguilar, Colin Southwell, Katharine Keogan, Henri Weimerskirch, Russell W. Bradley, David Monticelli, Sandra Bouwhuis, Katie M. Dugger, Mark L. Mallory, Ian L. Jones, André Chiaradia, Paula Shannon, April Hedd, Alexander L. Bond, Maud Poisbleau, Kerry J. Barton, Vivian Pattison, George J. Divoky, Jérôme Fort, Lisa W. Nicholson, Philippa Agnew, José Manuel Igual, David Grémillet, Richard J. Cuthbert, Louise Emmerson, Jaime A. Ramos, Loïc Bollache, Jefferson T. Hinke, Tony Diamond, Per-Arvid Berglund, Olivier Gilg, Albert B. Phillimore, Claus Bech, Jacob González-Solís, Watanuki, Yutaka, Institute of Evolutionary Biology, Ashworth Laboratories-University of Edinburgh, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ( CEH ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony, H.T. Harvey & Associates, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Point Blue Conservation Science, Department of Natural Sciences, Tromsø University Museum, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Institute of Avian Research, Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences ( SLU ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], The University Centre in Svalbard ( UNIS ), Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research ( NIOZ ) -Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ( MARE ), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida ( ISPA ), Phillip Island Nature Parks, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University [Melbourne], Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Norvegian Polar Research Institute ( NPRI ), Norwegian Polar Institute, University of New Brunswick ( UNB ), Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México ( UNAM ), Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey [Reston] ( USGS ), Australian Antarctic Division ( AAD ), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Centre for Conservation Biology, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polar Oceans Research Group [USA], Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats, Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats ( IMEDEA ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat i Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat de Barcelona ( UB ), CESAM, Universidade de Lisboa ( ULISBOA ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town-Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Wildlife Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Marine Fisheries Service, Population Ecology Group, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen ( JLU ), Biology, Acadia University, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research ( NINA ), Department of Psychology, Biology and Ocean Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Halfmoon Biosciences, I. C. T. Nisbet & Company, Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Population Ecology Group ( IMEDEA ), Universidad de las Islas Baleares ( UIB ) -Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Laskeek Bay Conservation Society, Department of Biology, Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, Deakin Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University [Burwood], Instituto de Biologia de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR), IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, Department of Zoology, Departament de Biologia Animal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] ( UAB ), DST/NRF Centre of Excellence, Arctic Research Centre, National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program, Chair Nature Protection and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras ( IIMyC ), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ) -Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Landcare Research, University of Edinburgh-Ashworth Laboratories, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Institute of Marine Research-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)-Utrecht University [Utrecht], Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida (ISPA), University of Antwerp (UA), Norvegian Polar Research Institute (NPRI), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Marine Fisheries Service, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Population Ecology Group (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos [Chubut] (IBIOMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Universitat de Barcelona, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Bioscience [Roskilde], Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Pelecaniformes ,VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 ,SEABIRDS ,Otras Ciencias Biológicas ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Climate change ,Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP] ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,OCEAN SCIENCE ,Ecology and Environment ,Predation ,VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 ,Ciencias Biológicas ,biology.animal ,Ocells marins ,ocean sciences ,Canvi climàtic ,14. Life underwater ,Biology ,Trophic level ,Apex predator ,[ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,biology ,Primary producers ,Ecology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Physics ,Sea birds ,Climatic changes ,biology.organism_classification ,Fenologia ,Climatic change ,Suliformes ,Chemistry ,[ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Phenology ,13. Climate action ,Seabird ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS ,Canvis climàtics - Abstract
Reproductive timing in many taxa plays a key role in determining breeding productivity , and is often sensitive to climatic conditions . Current climate change may alter the timing of breeding at different rates across trophic levels, potentially resulting in temporal mismatch between the resource requirements of predators and their prey . This is of particular concern for highertrophic-level organisms, whose longer generation times confer a lower rate of evolutionary rescue than primary producers or consumers. However, the disconnection between studies of ecological change in marine systems makes it difficult to detect general changes in the timing of reproduction5 . Here, we use a comprehensive meta-analysis of 209 phenological time series from 145 breeding populations to show that, on average, seabird populations worldwide have not adjusted their breeding seasons over time (−0.020 days yr−1 ) or in response to sea surface temperature (SST) (−0.272 days °C−1 ) between 1952 and 2015. However, marked between-year variation in timing observed in resident species and some Pelecaniformes and Suliformes (cormorants, gannets and boobies) may imply that timing, in some cases, is affected by unmeasured environmental conditions. This limited temperature-mediated plasticity of reproductive timing in seabirds potentially makes these top predators highly vulnerable to future mismatch with lower-trophic-level resources Fil: Keogan, Katharine. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Daunt, Francis. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Wanless, Sarah. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Phillips, Richard A.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Walling, Craig A.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Agnew, Philippa. Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; . Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Ainley, David G.. HT Harvey and Associates; Estados Unidos Fil: Anker-Nilssen, Tycho. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Ballard, Grant. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Barrett, Robert T.. Uit The Arctic University Of Norway; Noruega Fil: Barton, Kerry J.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Bech, Claus. Norges Teknisk-naturvitenskapelige Universitet; Noruega Fil: Becker, Peter. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Berglund, Per-Arvid. University of Agricultural Sciences. Institute of Marine Research, Department of Aquatic Resources; Suecia Fil: Bollache, Loïc. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia Fil: Bond, Alexander L.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Bouwhuis, Sandra. Institut Fur Vogelforschung "vogelwarte Helgoland"; Alemania Fil: Bradley, Russell W.. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Burr, Zofia M.. The University Centre In Svalbard; Noruega Fil: Camphuysen, Kees. University of Utrecht; Países Bajos Fil: Catry, Paulo. Ispa - Instituto Universitário; Portugal Fil: Chiaradia, Andre. Monash University; Australia. Phillip Island Nature Park; Australia Fil: Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Cuthbert, Richard. Royal Society For The Protection Of Birds; Reino Unido Fil: Dehnhard, Nina. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Descamps, Sébastien. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Diamond, Tony. University Of New Brunswick; Canadá Fil: Divoky, George. Friends of Cooper Island; Estados Unidos Fil: Drummond, Hugh. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Dugger, Katie M.. United States Geological Survey; Estados Unidos Fil: Dunn, Michael J.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Emmerson, Louise. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Erikstad, Kjell Einar. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Fort, Jérôme. Université de la Rochelle; Francia Fil: Fraser, William. Polar Oceans Research Group; Estados Unidos Fil: Genovart, Meritxell. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Gilg, Olivier. Universite de Bourgogne; Francia. Groupe de Recherches En Ecologie Arctique; Fil: González-Solís, Jacob. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Granadeiro, José Pedro. Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal Fil: Grémillet, David. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Hansen, Jannik. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Hanssen, Sveinn A.. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Harris, Mike. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Hedd, April. Environment Canada; Canadá Fil: Hinke, Jefferson. National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration; Estados Unidos Fil: Igual, José Manuel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Jahncke, Jaime. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Jones, Ian. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Kappes, Peter J.. Oregon Cooperative Fish And Wildlife Research Unit; Estados Unidos Fil: Lang, Johannes. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Langset, Magdalene. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lescroël, Amélie. Géosciences Montpellier; Francia Fil: Lorentsen, Svein-Håkon. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Lyver, Phil O'B.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Mallory, Mark. Acadia University; Canadá Fil: Moe, Børge. Norwegian Institute For Nature Research; Noruega Fil: Montevecchi, William A.. Memorial University Of Newfoundland; Canadá Fil: Monticelli, David. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Mostello, Carolyn. Massachusetts Division Of Fisheries And Wildlife; Estados Unidos Fil: Newell, Mark. Centre for Ecology & Hydrology; Reino Unido Fil: Nicholson, Lisa. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Nisbet, Ian. I. C. T. Nisbet & Company; Estados Unidos Fil: Olsson, Olof. Stockholms Universitet; Suecia Fil: Oro, Daniel. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Pattison, Vivian. Laskeek Bay Conservation Society; Canadá Fil: Poisbleau, Maud. Universiteit Antwerp; Bélgica Fil: Pyk, Tanya. Deakin University; Australia Fil: Quintana, Flavio Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Ramos, Jaime A.. University Of Coimbra, Marine And Environmental Sciences Center; Portugal Fil: Ramos, Raül. Universidad de Barcelona; España Fil: Reiertsen, Tone Kirstin. Norwegian Polar Institute; Noruega Fil: Rodríguez, Cristina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México Fil: Ryan, Peter. University Of Cape Town; Sudáfrica Fil: Sanz-Aguilar, Ana. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas. Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados; España Fil: Schmidt, Niels M.. University Aarhus; Dinamarca Fil: Shannon, Paula. National Audubon Society Seabird Restoration Program; Estados Unidos Fil: Sittler, Benoit. Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Arctique; Francia Fil: Southwell, Colin. Australian Antarctic Division; Australia Fil: Surman, Christopher. Halfmoon Biosciences; Australia Fil: Svagelj, Walter Sergio. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina Fil: Trivelpiece, Wayne. Bolinas; Estados Unidos Fil: Warzybok, Pete. Point Blue Conservation Science; Estados Unidos Fil: Watanuki, Yutaka. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Weimerskirch, Henri. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Wilson, Peter R.. Landcare Research; Nueva Zelanda Fil: Wood, Andrew G.. British Antarctic Survey; Reino Unido Fil: Phillimore, Albert B.. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido Fil: Lewis, Sue. University of Edinburgh; Reino Unido
- Published
- 2018
207. Measurements and dynamics of multiple scale bedforms in tidally energetic environments
- Author
-
Katie Renae Jones
- Subjects
Bedform ,Oceanography ,Scale (ratio) ,Ocean science ,Joint (geology) ,Geology - Abstract
Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2018.
- Published
- 2018
208. Demonstration of passive acoustic detection and tracking of unmanned underwater vehicles
- Author
-
Kristen Elizabeth Railey
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Joint (building) ,Underwater ,Tracking (particle physics) ,business ,Marine engineering - Abstract
Thesis: S.M., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2018.
- Published
- 2018
209. Ocean science and the British cold war state
- Author
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Andrew Lambert
- Subjects
History ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Submarine ,Sink (geography) ,First world war ,Navy ,State (polity) ,Political Science and International Relations ,Cold war ,Economic history ,media_common - Abstract
The emergence of the submarine in the First World War transformed the long established relationship between the British state, the Royal Navy and ocean science, as the Navy tried to find and sink a...
- Published
- 2019
210. Creating and Implementing Ocean Science Education Kits in Rural Baja California Sur: An ASLO Global Outreach Initiative Program Progress Report
- Author
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Astrid B. Leitner
- Subjects
Outreach ,Political science ,Ocean science ,Library science ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2019
211. Linking Ocean Observation and Fisheries - Relevance to Deep Ocean Living Resources
- Author
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Ramasamy Venkatesan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ocean observations ,Coastal hazards ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ocean science ,Storm surge ,01 natural sciences ,Deep sea ,Fishery ,Environmental science ,Relevance (information retrieval) ,Argo ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Systematic ocean observation for real time data collection during the last three decades, development of sensors and tools, and ocean modelling have paved the way for better understanding of the ocean processes and better prediction of coastal hazards like cyclones, tsunami, storm surge, etc., leading to direct societal benefits globally. In particular global ARGO float data have brought in remarkable changes in ocean science studies. This paper discusses about the growing need to link ocean observation to fisheries and futuristic approach about deep ocean marine living resources
- Published
- 2017
212. Building Maritime Partnerships with Ocean Science and Technology
- Author
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S. Kulshrestha
- Subjects
National security ,Resource (biology) ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Environmental resource management ,Ocean Engineering ,Transportation ,Ocean environment ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Maritime security ,Indian ocean ,Oceanography ,Geography ,business ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Oceans link India across the continents in its benign quest for peace and tranquility. Compared to the vastness of the oceanic imponderables, the understanding of the oceanic environment appears to be in its infancy. There is a need to enhance information about the oceanic sciences across large distances and great depths, as this would enhance national security. This is well beyond the resource capacity of any one nation in the Indian Ocean Region. As a first step, the area of cooperation can include the setting up of sea observatories. This would require collaboration in sensor technologies for ocean environment, computation and processing ability, management of information, and enhanced communication systems over and under the seas. Such partnerships would create enhanced oceanic information zones, which would help strengthen the national security of a nation as well as regional maritime security.
- Published
- 2015
213. Scientists’ framing of the ocean science–policy interface
- Author
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Murray A. Rudd
- Subjects
Global and Planetary Change ,Functional ecology ,Data collection ,Ecology ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Ocean science ,Environmental resource management ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Public relations ,Politics ,Framing (social sciences) ,Political science ,Perception ,Sustainability ,business ,Horizon scanning ,media_common - Abstract
Scientists’ ideas, beliefs, and discourses form the frames that shape their choices about which research to pursue, their approaches to collaboration and communicating results, and how they evaluate research outputs and outcomes. To achieve ocean sustainability, there are increasing calls for new levels of engagement and collaboration between scientists and policy-makers; scientists’ willingness to engage depends on their current and evolving frames. Here, I present results about how scientists involved in diverse fields of ocean research perceived their role as scientists working at or near the ocean science–policy interface and how this related to their perceptions regarding ocean research priorities. The survey of 2187 physical, ecological and social scientists from 94 countries showed that scientists held different perspectives about their appropriate level of engagement at the ocean science–policy interface and the relative primacy of science versus politics in formulating ocean policy. Six clusters of scientists varied in their frames; three clusters accounted for 94% of the sample. Of 67 research questions identified from 22 research prioritization and horizon scanning exercises, the top eight were shared among all three clusters, showing consistency in research priorities across scientists with different framings of their role at the science–policy interface. Five focused on the mechanisms and effects of global change on oceans, two focused on data collection and management for long-term ocean monitoring, and one focused on the links between biodiversity and ecological function at different scales. The results from this survey demonstrated that scientists’ framings of the role of ocean science at the science–policy interface can be quantified in surveys, that framing varies among scientists, and that research priorities vary according to the framings.
- Published
- 2015
214. Reaching Out to Underserved Communities
- Author
-
Corey Garza
- Subjects
Student population ,Demographics ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Ocean Engineering ,Public relations ,Oceanography ,Graduate students ,Effects of global warming ,Political science ,Workforce ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Engineering ethics ,business ,Diversity (politics) ,media_common - Abstract
The observation that there is a lack of diversity in the sciences is not new. The most recent NSF survey [1] reveals that in the Biological and Physical Sciences, underserved students make up 19 and 12 percent of the total graduate student population in U.S. academic institutions. Such numbers should alarm the broader scientific community given the large pool of untapped scientific talent and the ever increasing need to develop the U.S. scientific workforce. We can look at the Ocean Sciences as a particular case study into some of the potential causes of the lack of diversity in the sciences and methods for increasing participation by underrepresented students in the field. Among the sciences, the Ocean Sciences have some of the lowest numbers of underserved student participation with only 8.8 percent of all Ocean Science graduate students identifying as belonging to a group historically underserved in the sciences [1]. Given the rapid shifts in the demographics of coastal states, it's imperative to identify potential barriers to and, new recruitment strategies for engaging historically underrepresented students in the Ocean Sciences. It will be this new generation of students who will be tasked with managing coastal resources and combating the effects of climate change and will be asked to bring new perspectives for dealing with the emerging needs of 21st century Ocean Science.
- Published
- 2015
215. CO2-driven decrease in pH disrupts olfactory behaviour and increases individual variation in deep-sea hermit crabs
- Author
-
Tae Won Kim, Josi R. Taylor, C. Lovera, and James P. Barry
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ocean science ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Deep sea ,Moss ,Olfactory behaviour ,Geography ,Single species ,Benthos ,Temperate climate ,Bay ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Deep-sea species are generally thought to be less tolerant of environmental variation than shallow-living species due to the relatively stable conditions in deep waters for most parameters (e.g. temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH). To explore the potential for deep-sea hermit crabs (Pagurus tanneri) to acclimate to future ocean acidification, we compared their olfactory and metabolic performance under ambient (pH ∼7.6) and expected future (pH ∼7.1) conditions. After exposure to reduced pH waters, metabolic rates of hermit crabs increased transiently and olfactory behaviour was impaired, including antennular flicking and prey detection. Crabs exposed to low pH treatments exhibited higher individual variation for both the speed of antennular flicking and speed of prey detection, than observed in the control pH treatment, suggesting that phenotypic diversity could promote adaptation to future ocean acidification.
- Published
- 2015
216. Status of Manganese Nodule Samples in the Library of Marine Samples
- Author
-
Hyun-Bok Lee, Young-Tak Ko, Wonnyon Kim, Sang-Bum Chi, and Jae-Ryong Oh
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Nodule (geology) ,Future studies ,Sample (material) ,Ocean science ,Mineralogy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Sampling (statistics) ,Geology ,Ocean Engineering ,Manganese ,Aquatic Science ,engineering.material ,chemistry ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Box corer ,Manganese nodule - Abstract
The Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology has acquired detailed biological, chemicophysical, and geological data in the northeastern Pacific through a manganese nodule program since 1983. Plenty of manganese nodules were collected to estimate the amount of resources by free-fall grab and box corer. The collected manganese nodules have been archived systematically in the rock and mineral storage section of the Library of Marine Samples (LIMS) since 2012. The LIMS provides essencial information on the stored samples including sample name, nodule type, sampling location, depth, and equipment. Although a high quality database of the information system is under construction, the samples have tagged information for manganese nodules like chemical composition, morphology, weight, size, abundance, and photograph. In this study, we attempted to provide information on the well-organized and easily accessible archived manganese nodule samples for future studies and to introduce the usefulness of the LIMS.
- Published
- 2014
217. A review of impacts of marine dredging activities on marine mammals
- Author
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Ian B. Todd, Victoria L. G. Todd, Nicola A. MacPherson, Nancy A. DiMarzio, Jane C. Gardiner, Erica C. N. Morrin, and Frank Thomsen
- Subjects
Dredging ,Geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Oceanography ,Ecology ,fungi ,Ocean science ,Aquatic Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sound (geography) - Abstract
Marine dredging is an excavation activity carried out worldwide by many industries. Concern about the impact dredging has on marine life, including marine mammals (cetaceans, pinnipeds, and sirenians) exists, but effects are largely unknown. Through consulting available literature, this review aims to expand on existing knowledge of the direct and indirect, negative and positive impacts on marine mammals. In terms of direct effects, collisions are possible, but unlikely, given the slow speed of dredgers. Noise emitted is broadband, with most energy below 1 kHz and unlikely to cause damage to marine mammal auditory systems, but masking and behavioural changes are possible. Sediment plumes are generally localized, and marine mammals reside often in turbid waters, so significant impacts from turbidity are improbable. Entrainment, habitat degradation, noise, contaminant remobilization, suspended sediments, and sedimentation can affect benthic, epibenthic, and infaunal communities, which may impact marine mammals indirectly through changes to prey. Eggs and larvae are at highest risk from entrainment, so dredging in spawning areas can be detrimental, but effects are minimized through the use of environmental windows. Sensitive environments such as seagrass beds are at risk from smothering, removal, or damage, but careful planning can reduce degradation. Assessing impacts of contaminant remobilization is difficult, but as long as contaminated sediments are disposed of correctly, remobilization is limited in space and time. Effects of suspended sediments and sedimentation are species-specific, but invertebrates, eggs, and larvae are most vulnerable. Positive effects, including an increase in food, result from greater nutrient loads, but are often short term. Dredging has the potential to impact marine mammals, but effects are species and location-specific, varying also with dredging equipment type. In general, evidence suggests that if management procedures are implemented, effects are most likely to be masking and short-term behavioural alterations and changes to prey availability.
- Published
- 2014
218. Where Are the Indigenous Scientific Leaders? Examining the Participation of Native American/Alaska Natives in Weather and Water Academic Programs and the Federal Workforce
- Author
-
Suzanne Van Cooten
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,Economic growth ,Resource (biology) ,Native american ,Political science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Workforce ,Ethnic group ,Enforcement ,Bachelor ,Indigenous ,media_common - Abstract
Native American (American Indian)/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) are significantly underrepresented in the U.S. federal science and engineering (S&E) labor force. This underrepresentation extends into the leadership ranks of federal agencies responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining resource monitoring and enforcement programs on tribal lands. Datasets documenting demographics and salaries of the federal S&E workforce show AI/AN are the smallest S&E workforce segment among minorities and receive the lowest average salaries for engineers and physical scientists. Academic statistics show AI/AN students earn significantly fewer engineering and Earth, atmospheric, and ocean science (EA&OS) bachelor's degrees than other ethnic groups and rarely earn advanced degrees in these disciplines. Additional aspects in federal and academic datasets offer clues on a spectrum of causative factors affecting the AI/AN recruitment pool for federal S&E jobs and the rarity of AI/AN ascending to leadership positions with...
- Published
- 2014
219. Management of Large Marine Ecosystems in Africa: A commentary from Vladimir Ryabinin, the IOC Executive Secretary.
- Author
-
Ryabinin, Vladimir
- Abstract
The commentary discusses the emerging UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development, 2021–2030, LMEs activities supported through the GEF/UNDP IW:LEARN and LME:LEARN project hub hosted by the IOC of UNESCO, and perspectives of integrated ocean management based on interdisciplinary science and involvement of leading international research programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
220. The Ocean Science Social Diversity Challenge
- Author
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Matt Gilligan and Sue Ebanks
- Subjects
Oceanography ,Social diversity ,Ocean science ,Sociology - Published
- 2016
221. Wave-, wind-, and tide-driven circulation at a well-mixed ocean inlet
- Author
-
Anna Wargula
- Subjects
geography ,Engineering ,Circulation (fluid dynamics) ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Oceanography ,Meteorology ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Inlet ,business ,Joint (geology) ,Water well - Abstract
The effects of waves, wind, and bathymetry on tidal and subtidal hydrodynamics at unstratified, shallow New River Inlet, NC, are evaluated using field observations and numerical simulations. Tidal flows are ebb-dominated (-1.5 to 0.6 m/s, positive is inland) inside the main (2 to 5 m deep) channel on the (1 to 2 m deep) ebb shoal, owing to inflow and outflow asymmetry at the inlet mouth. Ebb-dominance of the flows is reduced during large waves (> 1 m) owing to breaking-induced onshore momentum flux. Shoaling and breaking of large waves cause depression (setdown, offshore of the ebb shoal) and super-elevation (setup, on the shoal and in the inlet) of the mean water levels, resulting in changes to the cross-shoal pressure gradient, which can weaken onshore flows. At a 90-degree bend 800-m inland of the inlet mouth, centrifugal acceleration owing to curvature drives two-layered cross-channel flows (0.1 to 0.2 m/s) with surface flows going away from and bottom flows going toward the bend. The depthaveraged dynamics are tidally asymmetric. Subtidal cross-channel flows are correlated (r2 > 0.5) with cross-channel wind speed, suggesting that winds are enhancing and degrading the localcurvature- induced two-layer flow, and driving three-layer flow.
- Published
- 2017
222. Climate and Ocean Science Builds for the Future
- Author
-
Annalisa Bracco, Detlef Stammer, and Valery Detemmerman
- Subjects
History ,Oceanography ,Climatology ,Ocean science ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences - Abstract
Second WCRP/CLIVAR Open Science Conference: Charting the Course for Climate and Ocean Research; Qingdao, China, 18–25 September 2016
- Published
- 2017
223. Fisheries Science and Its Environmental Consequences
- Author
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Jennifer Hubbard
- Subjects
Fishery ,Fisheries science ,Ocean science ,Environmental science ,Fisheries management ,Population ecology - Abstract
Fisheries science emerged in the mid-19th century, when scientists volunteered to conduct conservation-related investigations of commercially important aquatic species for the governments of North Atlantic nations. Scientists also promoted oyster culture and fish hatcheries to sustain the aquatic harvests. Fisheries science fully professionalized with specialized graduate training in the 1920s. The earliest stage, involving inventory science, trawling surveys, and natural history studies continued to dominate into the 1930s within the European colonial diaspora. Meanwhile, scientists in Scandinavian countries, Britain, Germany, the United States, and Japan began developing quantitative fisheries science after 1900, incorporating hydrography, age-determination studies, and population dynamics. Norwegian biologist Johan Hjort’s 1914 finding, that the size of a large “year class” of juvenile fish is unrelated to the size of the spawning population, created the central foundation and conundrum of later fisheries science. By the 1920s, fisheries scientists in Europe and America were striving to develop a theory of fishing. They attempted to develop predictive models that incorporated statistical and quantitative analysis of past fishing success, as well as quantitative values reflecting a species’ population demographics, as a basis for predicting future catches and managing fisheries for sustainability. This research was supported by international scientific organizations such as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC), and the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Both nationally and internationally, political entanglement was an inevitable feature of fisheries science. Beyond substituting their science for fishers’ traditional and practical knowledge, many postwar fisheries scientists also brought progressive ideals into fisheries management, advocating fishing for a maximum sustainable yield. This in turn made it possible for governments, economists, and even scientists, to use this nebulous target to project preferred social, political, and economic outcomes, while altogether discarding any practical conservation measures to rein in globalized postwar industrialized fishing. These ideals were also exported to nascent postwar fisheries science programs in developing Pacific and Indian Ocean nations and in Eastern Europe and Turkey. The vision of mid-century triumphalist science, that industrial fisheries could be scientifically managed like any other industrial enterprise, was thwarted by commercial fish stock collapses, beginning slowly in the 1950s and accelerating after 1970, including the massive northern cod crisis of the early 1990s. In the 1980s scientists, aided by more powerful computers, attempted multi-species models to understand the different impacts of a fishery on various species. Daniel Pauly led the way with multi-species models for tropical fisheries, where the need for such was most urgent, and pioneered the global database FishBase, using fishing data collected by the FAO and national bodies. In Canada the cod crisis inspired Ransom Myers to use large databases for fisheries analysis to show the role of overfishing in causing that crisis. After 1980 population ecologists also demonstrated the importance of life history data for understanding fish species’ responses to fishery-induced population and environmental change. With fishing continuing to shrink many global commercial stocks, scientists have demonstrated how different measures can manage fisheries for species with different life-history profiles. Aside from the need for effective scientific monitoring, the biggest ongoing challenges remain having politicians, governments, fisheries industry members, and other stakeholders commit to scientifically recommended long-term conservation measures.
- Published
- 2017
224. The UN architecture for ocean science knowledge and governance
- Author
-
Luis Valdés
- Subjects
Corporate governance ,Ocean science ,Regional science ,Business ,Architecture - Published
- 2017
225. Timeline of Important Events in Ocean Science and Engineering
- Author
-
George A. Maul
- Subjects
Engineering ,Oceanography ,business.industry ,Climatology ,Ocean science ,Timeline ,business - Published
- 2017
226. Global Ocean Science Report: the current status of ocean science around the world
- Author
-
Valdes, L. and et al
- Subjects
Ocean Science ,Marine science ,Information Management ,Sustainable development ,Data Collection ,Data analysis ,International organizations ,Data management ,Funding - Abstract
The Global Ocean Science Report (GOSR) assesses for the first time the status and trends in ocean science capacity around the world. The report offers a global record of how, where, and by whom ocean science is conducted: generating knowledge, helping to protect ocean health, and empowering society to support sustainable ocean management in the framework of the United Nations 2030 Agenda. The GOSR identifies and quantifies the key elements of ocean science at the national, regional and global scales, including workforce, infrastructure and publications. It is the first collective attempt to systematically highlight opportunities as well as capacity gaps to advance international collaboration in ocean science and technology. This report is a resource for policy-makers, academics and other stakeholders seeking to harness the potential of ocean science to address global challenges. A comprehensive view of ocean science capacities at the national and global levels takes us closer to developing the global ocean science knowledge needed to ensure a healthy, sustainable ocean. For more information: https://en.unesco.org/gosr This publication is available in Open Access under the Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO (CC-BY-SA 3.0 IGO) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/igo/). By using the content of this publication, the users accept to be bound by the terms of use of the UNESCO Open Access Repository (http://www.unesco.org/open-access/terms-use-ccbysa-en). The present license applies exclusively to the textual content of the publication. For the use of any material not clearly identified as belonging to UNESCO, prior permission shall be requested from: publication.copyright@unesco.org or UNESCO Publishing, 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP France. Published
- Published
- 2017
227. The geochemistry of methane isotopologues
- Author
-
David T. Wang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Planetary science ,Oceanography ,chemistry ,Earth science ,Ocean science ,Geochemistry ,Environmental science ,Isotopologue ,Methane - Abstract
Thesis: Ph.D. in Geochemistry, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017.
- Published
- 2017
228. Multi-modal and inertial sensor solutions for navigation-type factor graphs
- Author
-
Dehann Fourie
- Subjects
Modal ,Inertial frame of reference ,Computer science ,Institution (computer science) ,Ocean science ,Mechanical engineering ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,Type (model theory) ,Joint (geology) ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Factor graph ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS - Abstract
Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2017.
- Published
- 2017
229. Have robot, will travel
- Author
-
James G. Bellingham
- Subjects
Engineering ,Professional career ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Ocean Engineering ,Robotics ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Commercialization ,Field (computer science) ,Engineering management ,Work (electrical) ,Robot ,Instrumentation (computer programming) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Simulation - Abstract
My professional career has largely revolved around developing and operating Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) for ocean science. It has proven immensely gratifying; there are very few other enterprises that offer a similar combination of interesting people, tough intellectual problems, opportunity to work in the most remote and beautiful parts of the planet, and the satisfaction of contributing to an important endeavor. This article tracks my research and development activity, starting with early technology exploration when research funding was thin, to my first field programs, to leadership of larger enterprises where AUVs became elements of integrated observation-modeling systems. Not all of the activity was in the laboratory; as the platforms matured, and applications become better defined, commercialization activity became the dominant vector of AUV capability to the larger community. Most recently, my AUV work has focused on a new generation of long-range AUVs and the biological investigations they are designed to enable. Today AUVs are accepted oceanographic tools, and science users are increasingly sophisticated. However, in the late 80s, when I started, it was not at all clear how oceanographers would employ AUVs, or what operational AUVs would look like.
- Published
- 2014
230. Time-series observations of prokaryotic colonization of zooplankton fecal pellets
- Author
-
Rabea Schlüter, Annette Meuche, Marion Köster, and Gustav-Adolf Paffenhöfer
- Subjects
Geography ,Ecology ,Ocean science ,Colonization ,Aquatic Science ,Zooplankton ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
MARION KOSTER1*, GUSTAV-ADOLF PAFFENHOFER2, RABEA SCHLUTER3 AND ANNETTE MEUCHE3 1 ERNST-MORITZ-ARNDT-UNIVERSITAT GREIFSWALD, INSTITUT FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE, MIKROBIELLE OKOLOGIE, FELIX-HAUSDORFF-STR. 1, GREIFSWALD 17489, GERMANY, SKIDAWAY INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY, 10 OCEAN SCIENCE CIRCLE, SAVANNAH, GA 31411, USA AND ERNST-MORITZ-ARNDT-UNIVERSITAT GREIFSWALD, INSTITUT FUR MIKROBIOLOGIE, IMAGING-ZENTRUM, FRIEDRICH-LUDWIG-JAHN-STR. 15, GREIFSWALD 17487, GERMANY
- Published
- 2014
231. 세계 주요 해양연구기관과의 비교 분석을 통한 시사점 도출
- Author
-
Ki-Seok Kwon, Duckhee Jang, Jong Yup Han, Doh, Soogwan, Man Deok Seo, and Kang Gil Mo
- Subjects
International research ,Engineering ,Economic growth ,business.industry ,Input–output model ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Rate of increase ,Marine research ,Engineering management ,Quality (business) ,Overall performance ,business ,Practical implications ,media_common - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the present condition of Korea’s marine research institutes based on a comparative analysis with major institutions around the world, and to derive strategic directions for better performance from the results. By comparing Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST) and National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI) with 8 world`s major institutes, we derived implications for the improvement of marine research institutes in Korea. Performance factors were categorized into input factors and output factors, and the z-score for each assessment indicator was used in the analysis. The results for output factors can be summarized as follows. First, Korea’s institutes were poorly ranked both qualitatively and quantitatively in terms of publications. However, they showed great promise for development as the rate of increase in the annual number of publications was higher than overseas institutes. Quantitative growth is essential to improve overall performance in publications, and publications of higher quality should be sought by considering CPP and IF. This can also be achieved by engaging in international research with outstanding researchers outside of Korea. In terms of patents, marine research institutes in Korea fared well compared to major institutions of oversea. This demonstrates that Korea’s research achievements have practical implications on related industries. Further efforts should be made to ensure that industries continue to benefit from research conducted by Korea’s marine research institutes. As for infrastructure, Korea’s institutes fell under the middle- or lower-rankings compared to major institutions. Since marine research relies heavily of large-scale infrastructure, it is necessary to acquire more marine research vessels and unmanned submarines for the advancement of research institutes in Korea.
- Published
- 2014
232. COSEE-AK Ocean Science Fairs: A Science Fair Model That Grounds Student Projects in Both Western Science and Traditional Native Knowledge
- Author
-
Andrea Anderson, Sean Asiqluq Topkok, Robin Dublin, Ray Barnhardt, and Marilyn Sigman
- Subjects
05 social sciences ,Ocean science ,Place-based education ,Science identity ,050301 education ,050109 social psychology ,Social science education ,Science education ,Education ,Pedagogy ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,Science, technology, society and environment education ,Traditional knowledge ,0503 education - Abstract
We have developed the traditional science fair format into an ocean science fair model that promoted the integration of Western science and Alaska Native traditional knowledge in student projects f...
- Published
- 2014
233. Research on Applied Technology and Data Processing with Inversion Method Based on Bayesian Formula
- Author
-
Ren Fen Zeng and Hong Wei Gong
- Subjects
Bayes' theorem ,Mathematical optimization ,Data processing ,Ocean science ,General Engineering ,Inverse transform sampling ,Inversion (meteorology) ,Algorithm ,Mathematics - Abstract
Inversion problem is always represented as ill-posed and unstable problem, especially in the practical application problem such as geophysics, geodetics, ocean science and so on. Regularization item, subject to data misfit is used to stabilize the inversion problem. In this paper we test its validity .The result shows that In selection of the trade-off parameter is very important.Trade-off parameter brings convenience for data processing of inversion method.
- Published
- 2014
234. Measurements of Storm Waves Generated by Typhoons Passed through Eastside of Korea Strait from 2004 to 2006
- Author
-
Sang Ho Oh, Weon-Mu Jeong, Won-Dae Baek, and Sang Ik Kim
- Subjects
Geography ,Meteorology ,Buoy ,Storm wave ,Climatology ,Breakwater ,Typhoon ,Ocean science ,Submarine pipeline ,Significant wave height ,Bay - Abstract
In recent years, strong typhoons have passed South Korea almost every year and severe damages were incurred directly and indirectly. However, instances where wave and wind data were procured from the offshore approach path of the typhoon are very rare and thus researchers are experiencing difficulties in obtaining calibration and verification data of typhoon-generated wave modeling. This paper provides a synthesis of records of observations by the Korea Meteorological Administration and Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology on storm waves generated by the typhoons SONGDA, NABI, and SHANSHAN that passed from 2004 to 2006 in order to help researchers interested in typhoon-generated wave numerical modeling. Although the trajectories of typhoon NABI and SHANSHAN were east of the Korea Strait, a significant wave height of 8.3 m was measured at Namhyeongjedo located east of Geojedo. Moreover, an unprecedented significant wave height of 12.2 m was measured for both typhoons at a station 1.4 km away from Yeongil Bay breakwater. Meanwhile, a comparative analysis of data obtained with a ocean data buoy at Geojedo and a Directional Waverider at Namhyeongjedo showed maximum wave heights that were similar but considerably different significant wave heights.
- Published
- 2014
235. Meeting report: Ocean ‘omics science, technology and cyberinfrastructure: current challenges and future requirements (August 20-23, 2013)
- Author
-
Katherine R. M. Mackey, Eric E. Allen, Gregory J. Dick, Jack A. Gilbert, Edward F. DeLong, Bethany D. Jenkins, and John F. Heidelberg
- Subjects
Community Dialog ,Computer science ,business.industry ,End user ,Ecology (disciplines) ,Data management ,Interoperability ,Ocean science ,Data science ,Data resources ,Cyberinfrastructure ,Genetics ,business ,Grand Challenges - Abstract
© 2014 The Author(s). The National Science Foundation's EarthCube End User Workshop was held at USC Wrigley Marine Science Center on Catalina Island, California in August 2013. The workshop was designed to explore and characterize the needs and tools available to the community that is focusing on microbial and physical oceanography research with a particular emphasis on 'omic research. The assembled researchers outlined the existing concerns regarding the vast data resources that are being generated, and how we will deal with these resources as their volume and diversity increases. Particular attention was focused on the tools for handling and analyzing the existing data, on the need for the construction and curation of diverse federated databases, as well as development of shared, interoperable, "big-data capable" analytical tools. The key outputs from this workshop include (i) critical scientific challenges and cyber infrastructure constraints, (ii) the current and future ocean 'omics science grand challenges and questions, and (iii) data management, analytical and associated and cyber-infrastructure capabilities required to meet critical current and future scientific challenges. The main thrust of the meeting and the outcome of this report is a definition of the 'omics tools, technologies and infrastructures that facilitate continued advance in ocean science biology, marine biogeochemistry, and biological oceanography.
- Published
- 2014
236. Research on Applied Technology in Comparison of the Traditional Inversion Method and the AIC Method
- Author
-
Ren Fen Zeng
- Subjects
business.industry ,Ocean science ,General Engineering ,Inverse transform sampling ,Inversion (meteorology) ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Algorithm ,Regularization (mathematics) ,Mathematics - Abstract
Regularization item, subject to data misfit is used to stabilize the inversion problem. In selection of the trade-off parameter the Akaiche Information Criterion (AIC) has been applied to and compared to the chi-square misfit criterion. For the AIC we can achieve the trade-off parameter more conveniently by minimizing the AIC fuction. The result shows the AIC works well with an agreement to one accomplished from the Chi-square method. The result is very meaningful about applied technology of ocean science and geophysics.
- Published
- 2014
237. Highlights from the 2018 Ocean Sciences Session: 'Ocean Science: Informing Policy, Management, and the Public'
- Author
-
Madelyn Mette
- Subjects
business.industry ,Political science ,Ocean science ,Session (computer science) ,Aquatic Science ,Public relations ,Oceanography ,business ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2018
238. The UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Encourages Involvement of Private Sector
- Author
-
Margaret Leinen
- Subjects
Sustainable development ,Economic growth ,Ocean science ,Ocean Engineering ,Business ,Oceanography ,Private sector - Published
- 2019
239. A Study on Effectiveness of Utilizing Local R&D Centers in Science and Technology ODA Projects : Focusing on the Black Pearl Cultivation Project of the Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology and Micronesia
- Author
-
Heung-Sik Park, Hyung-Baek Lim, Duckhee Jang, Moon-Sang Kwon, Tae-Young Kim, and Gil-Mo Kang
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Marine conservation ,Economic growth ,Operations research ,Ocean science ,Developing country ,Geology ,Ocean Engineering ,Aquatic Science ,PEARL (programming language) ,General partnership ,Political science ,computer ,Social capital ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate, through case studies, the usefulness of utilizinglocal R&D centers under science and technology ODA programs. For the past few decades, advancedcountries have supported ODA projects of developing countries, but there have been negative opinionsregarding the results. Through a case study of the black pearl cultivation project between the KoreaInstitute of Ocean Science & Technology and Micronesia, this study explains the usefulness of activelyutilizing Korean R&D centers established and operational in recipient countries. Although black pearlcultivation is not an ODA project, the case study offers valuable insights as it is operated in a similar formand thus highly applicable to future projects. Based on the case study, four implications were derived toensure the successful operations of science and technology ODA projects in the future. First, there is aneed to improve relevance by making use of the technological capacities of local R&D institutes todevelop projects that reflect the needs of recipient and donor countries. Second, trust must be establishedwith local communities over the long term in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of projectoperations. Third, the proportion of science and technology ODA projects must be expanded to acquiresustainability, and more support should be granted to ODA projects involving marine resources, which are*Corresponding author. E-mail: kanggm@kiost.ac
- Published
- 2013
240. A Study on Removal of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) from Contaminated Soil by Soil Washing
- Author
-
Myoung-Jin Kim
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Ocean science ,Environmental engineering ,Geology ,Soil washing ,Heavy metals ,Hydrochloric acid ,Environmental Science (miscellaneous) ,Contamination ,Soil contamination ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reagent ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,Economic Geology - Abstract
Department of Convergence Study on the Ocean Science and Technology, School of Ocean Science and Tech-nology, Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean UniversityIn this study, heavy metals are removed by soil washing from soils contaminated with Cu, Zn, and Pb, whosemaximum concentrations are up to 3350, 1220, and 2240 mg/kg, respectively. Through various soil washing experi-ments, the optimum conditions, including type and concentration of washing reagent, washing time, mixing ratio ofsoil and washing reagent, and stirring speed, are derived for effective removal of the heavy metals. It is found thatthe most effective washing reagent and its concentration are hydrochloric acid and 50 mM, respectively. The mostsuitable washing time is 30 minutes and the optimal mixing ratio of soil and washing reagent is 1:30 (g/mL). Theremoval efficiency, on the other hand, is not affected by stirring speed. The removal efficiencies of the heavy met-als decrease when washing reagent is reused. Furthermore, the heavy metals are readsorbed onto soil in case ofconsecutive reuse of washing reagent.
- Published
- 2013
241. Diet composition and feeding strategy of yellow goosefish, Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902), on the southeastern coast of Korea
- Author
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S.-H. Huh, Joo Myun Park, Gun-Wook Baeck, and J. M. Jeong
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Fishery ,Aquaculture ,business.industry ,Goosefish ,Diet composition ,Ocean science ,Aquatic Science ,Marine Biology (journal) ,Biology ,business ,biology.organism_classification ,Marine industry ,Lophius litulon - Abstract
Diet composition and feeding strategy of yellow goosefish, Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902), on the southeastern coast of Korea By J. M. Park, S.-H. Huh, J. M. Jeong and G. W. Baeck Korea Inter-University Institute of Ocean Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea; Department of Oceanography, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea; Department of Marine Biology and Aquaculture, Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Korea
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- 2013
242. Application of Oceanic Camp Program for the Enhancement of Inquisitiveness and Affection to Ocean: from 2004 to 2012
- Author
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Kyung-Ae Park, Jong-Yul Chung, Hye-Jin Woo, Kyung-Ryul Kim, Byung-Cheol Cho, Hyunjoo Kang, and Soo-Kwang Lee
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business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Ocean science ,Snorkeling ,Training (civil) ,Experiential learning ,Literacy ,Oceanography ,Affection ,Mathematics education ,Support system ,Statistical analysis ,business ,Psychology ,media_common - Abstract
In order to enhance scientific interest and a sense of affinity about ocean, the programs of the oceanic camp `oceanic summer school` were developed and applied to and -grade elementary and middle school students for 9 years from 2004 to 2012. It was composed of oceanic training for snorkeling, a tour to oceanic institutes and museums near the camp academy place, experimental learning in oceanic-related field, field trips for ocean and earth sciences, and lectures on various subjects of ocean. We developed and implemented 9-kinds of inquiry surveys to evaluate changes in cognitive and affective characteristics, and ocean literacy of students participated at the present oceanic summer camp. Based on the statistical analysis, affective characteristics such as interest, inquisitiveness, passion, and so on, were enhanced. Analysis of ocean literacy revealed that cognitive characteristics of the students were increased by 40%. We presented parents` responses on the programs of oceanic summer school. Some students with less initial interest of ocean have positively changed to make up their minds to be a oceanographer in several years later. In light of this, the summer school can be evaluated to be successfully functioned as a long-term support system for potentially young-talented students in the field of ocean science. This study addresses that long-term implementation of the summer oceanic camp may trigger students with potential talent toward in-depth science in the near future even though it could not bring positive effect immediately. This addresses the necessity of policy supports in order that various programs like the scientific camp should be more constructively developed and executed for next-generation manpower in oceanographic fields.
- Published
- 2013
243. A Comparative Study for Red Tide Detection Methods Using GOCI and MODIS
- Author
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Hong-Joo Yoon, Seung-Yeol Oh, Won-Gyu Park, Seon-Woong Jang, and Jun Ho Lee
- Subjects
Red tide ,Ocean science ,Turbid water ,Geostationary Ocean Color Imager ,Chlorophyll concentration ,Sea surface temperature ,Spectroradiometer ,Climatology ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Environmental science ,Satellite ,Computers in Earth Sciences ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Remote sensing - Abstract
This study detected red tide areas using the existing Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) and Geostationary Ocean Color Imager(GOCI), and then compared the results between results of two sensors. The coasts of Jeollanam-do in the South Sea of Korea were set as the study area based on the red tide data which occurred on Aug. 26th, 2012. This study compared the results of sensors to detect red tides by using a satellite. In the results of analyzing MODIS by limiting it as chlorophyll concentration and the sea surface temperature which is considered to have red tides by the existing researches, it was possible to delete considerable amount of errors compared to the case of detecting red tides by using only chlorophyll while still there were differences from the range of red tides actually observed. In the results of GOCI by using empirical algorithm for detecting red tides, currently used by Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology(KIOST), it was possible to obtain more detailed results than MODIS. However, there was an area misjudged as red tides due to the influence of clouds. Also both MODIS and GOCI extracted red tides were not actually occurring, which might be because they were not able to perfectly distinguish red tides from turbid water in coastal areas with high turbidity.
- Published
- 2013
244. Interannual and regional variations in abundance patterns and developmental timing in mesozooplankton of the western North Pacific Ocean based on Continuous Plankton Recorder during 2001-2009
- Author
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Sanae Chiba, Kosei Sasaoka, Tomoko Yoshiki, Tsuneo Ono, Hiroya Sugisaki, and Sonia D. Batten
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Fisheries science ,Ecology ,Ocean science ,Global change ,Aquatic Science ,Pacific ocean ,Developmental timing ,Oceanography ,Geography ,Abundance (ecology) ,Climatology ,Fisheries Research ,Continuous Plankton Recorder ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
TOMOKO M. YOSHIKI1*, SANAE CHIBA2, HIROYA SUGISAKI1, KOSEI SASAOKA2, TSUNEO ONO1 AND SONIA BATTEN3 1 NATIONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE, FISHERIES RESEARCH AGENCY, 2-12-4 FUKUURA, KANAZAWA-KU, YOKOHAMA, KANAGAWA 236-8648, JAPAN, RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR GLOBAL CHANGE, JAMSTEC, 3173-25 SHOWA-MACHI, KANAZAWA-KU, YOKOHAMA, KANAGAWA 236-0001, JAPAN AND SIR ALISTER HARDY FOUNDATION FOR OCEAN SCIENCE, 4737 VISTAVIEW CRES., NANAIMO, BC, CANADAV9V 1N8
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- 2013
245. Characterizing coastal foodwebs with qualitative links to bridge the gap between the theory and the practice of ecosystem-based management
- Author
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Chris J. Harvey, Mark L. Plummer, Jennifer L. Burke, Katie K. Arkema, Mary Ruckelshaus, Georgi Spiridonov, Phillip S. Levin, Choong-Ki Kim, Tessa B. Francis, Glen R. Sutton, Anne D. Guerry, Jodie E. Toft, Thomas J. Minello, Michael P. Carey, and Howard Townsend
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Fisheries science ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Ocean science ,Environmental resource management ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Ecosystem-based management ,Bridge (interpersonal) ,Archaeology ,Geography ,Geological survey ,Boulevard ,business ,Bay ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sound (geography) - Abstract
Tools that integrate the complexity of natural systems are needed to facilitate ecosystem-based management (EBM). Loop analysis is an underutilized qualitative tool for EBM that uses information on foodweb links (e.g. predator–prey interactions) and the resulting pathways (cycles) through the foodweb to predict responses to press perturbations. We explore the utility of loop analysis related to management actions: increasing crab abundance and reducing eutrophication in coastal foodwebs. We found that crab-related management actions propagated through the foodweb, with positive and negative impacts. Several negatively impacted species support important fisheries; their declines illustrate the challenge of developing multispecies plans. In our analysis, the management actions decreasing eutrophication reduced most functional groups. However, these predictions were unreliable, suggesting indiscernible bottom-up effects in the foodwebs. Simultaneously managing for crab increases and reducing eutrophication created mostly decreasing abundances in other functional groups and reduced the predictability of the responses. The response to each management action suggests trade-offs between goals, and the qualitatively unreliable predictions could result from variation in the strength of species interactions or indicate knowledge gaps. EBM can benefit from both the explicit articulation of trade-offs and the identification of gaps in our understanding of these systems.
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- 2013
246. An Overview of the Synoptic Antarctic Shelf-Slope Interactions (SASSI) project for the International Polar Year
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Karen J. Heywood, Robin D. Muench, and Guy D. Williams
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lcsh:GE1-350 ,Meteorology ,lcsh:G ,Climatology ,Ocean science ,lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Polar ,Context (language use) ,Geology ,lcsh:Environmental sciences - Abstract
As Guest Editors, we introduce the special issue of Ocean Science dedicated to the Synoptic Antarctic Shelf- Slope Interactions (SASSI) project for the International Polar Year. We set the scientific context for SASSI and note the objectives and goals of the project. The observational data set collected around Antarctica is summarised, and the scientific results of SASSI are briefly introduced.
- Published
- 2012
247. Coastal and Ocean Science-Based Decision-Making in the Gulf of California: Lessons and Opportunities for Improvement
- Author
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Gia Brazil, Sara M. Lowell, Tegan Churcher Hoffmann, Meaghan McGrath, and Sarah L. Thomas
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Civil society ,Government ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Environmental resource management ,Ocean science ,Biodiversity ,Marine management ,Aquaculture ,State (polity) ,Environmental Chemistry ,business ,Coastal management ,General Environmental Science ,media_common - Abstract
The Gulf of California hosts astounding biodiversity that supports numerous economic activities in the region. These activities, and emerging threats, are placing pressure on the region's ecosystems. Government and civil society are working to address threats through several conservation and management mechanisms. Nevertheless, the use and incorporation of scientific information—a key component for creating effective and durable management—is still deficient. This article presents the concept of science integration and discusses the findings of a study that assesses the regional landscape, existing institutional arrangements, and capacity for using science to inform policy and management decisions. It also explores the current use of science within fisheries policy and management and the capacity of the National Network of Information and Research of Fisheries and Aquaculture (RENIIPA) and the State Fisheries and Aquaculture Councils, two mechanisms in the region. Finally, it shares lessons learned and of...
- Published
- 2012
248. Delivering 21st century Antarctic and Southern Ocean science
- Author
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Mahlon C. Kennicutt, H. Sala, J. Hall, Steve Colwell, Don A. Cowan, S. Trotter, N. Biebow, Yves Frenot, Martin J. Siegert, A. Klepikov, Terry J. Wilson, M.A. Ojeda Cárdenes, X. Shijie, Anna Wåhlin, Jane E. Francis, C. Danhong, Adrian McDonald, J. Lee, S. Bo, David G. Vaughan, John W. V. Storey, John J. Cassano, Carlota Escutia, R. Mousalle Bueno, S. Ramos-Garcia, Jan-Gunnar Winther, César A. Cárdenas, Q. Weijia, Stephen F. Ackley, R. Wooding, Stephen R. Rintoul, J. Negrete, Daniela Liggett, Marcelo Leppe, J. Dañobeitia, Jenny Baeseman, Heinz Miller, Steven L. Chown, Kazuyuki Shiraishi, L. Jiménez Corbalán, V. Vlasich, M. Proaño Silva, H. Shin, T. Stockings, G. Hashida, Sridhar Anandakrishnan, Jerónimo López-Martínez, Allan T. Weatherwax, F. Lijun, M. Memolli, Y.D. Kim, J. Guldahl, Y. Motoyoshi, Michelle Rogan-Finnemore, Gary S. Wilson, H. Yang, Donald D. Blankenship, U. Nixdorf, J. Viera Da Unha De Menezes, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and British Council (UK)
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0301 basic medicine ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Interoperability ,Big data ,05 Environmental Sciences ,SEA-LEVEL RISE ,Logistics ,infrastructure ,Oceanography ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,access ,Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ,future directions ,technologies ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Scope (project management) ,EAST ANTARCTICA ,Geology ,Access ,Geography, Physical ,Future directions ,Physical Sciences ,Science policy ,TOTTEN GLACIER ,Sample collection ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Science Policy ,Process (engineering) ,04 Earth Sciences ,Climate change ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,03 medical and health sciences ,FUTURE ,14. Life underwater ,Environmental planning ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Infrastructure ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,logistics ,Ocean science ,ICE ,Technologies ,06 Biological Sciences ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology ,030104 developmental biology ,Physical Geography ,13. Climate action ,Environmental science ,Physical geography ,business ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Kennicutt, M.C. et. al.-- 17 pages, 3 figures, The Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on international co-operation. Technological requirements include: i) innovative automated in situ observing systems, sensors and interoperable platforms (including power demands), ii) realistic and holistic numerical models, iii) enhanced remote sensing and sensors, iv) expanded sample collection and retrieval technologies, and v) greater cyber-infrastructure to process ‘big data’ collection, transmission and analyses while promoting data accessibility. These technologies must be widely available, performance and reliability must be improved and technologies used elsewhere must be applied to the Antarctic. Considerable Antarctic research is field-based, making access to vital geographical targets essential. Future research will require continent- and ocean-wide environmentally responsible access to coastal and interior Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Year-round access is indispensable. The cost of future Antarctic science is great but there are opportunities for all to participate commensurate with national resources, expertise and interests. The scope of future Antarctic research will necessitate enhanced and inventive interdisciplinary and international collaborations. The full promise of Antarctic science will only be realized if nations act together, The authors recognize the financial support that made the Scan and ARC possible. The Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP), the Tinker Foundation and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) provided the majority of the funding for this project including the costs of travel and participation of invited, non-COMNAP workshop attendees. In-kind support was provided by many COMNAP-Member national Antarctic programmes including Dirección Nacional del Antártico (DNA, Argentina), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD, Australia), Programa Antártico Brasileiro (PROANTAR, Brazil), Instituto Antártico Chileno (INACH, Chile), Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC, China), Instituto Antártico Ecuatoriano (INAE, Ecuador), Institut Polaire Français Paul Emile Victor (IPEV, France), Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI, Germany), National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR, Japan), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI, Republic of Korea), Antarctica New Zealand (New Zealand), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI, Russia), Spanish Polar Committee (CPE, Spain), British Antarctic Survey (BAS, UK), and the US National Science Foundation (NSF, USA)
- Published
- 2016
249. Identifying the Sources and Sinks of CDOM/FDOM across the Mauritanian Shelf and Their Potential Role in the Decomposition of Superoxide (O2-)
- Author
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Peter Croot, Maija Heller, Kathrin Wuttig, and ~|1267880|~
- Subjects
Earth science ,lcsh:QH1-199.5 ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,hydrogen peroxide ,Ocean Engineering ,lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Oceanography ,Fluorescence dissolved organicmatter (FDOM) ,01 natural sciences ,Sink (geography) ,fluorescence dissolved organic matter (FDOM) ,Dissolved organic carbon ,Marine Science ,Organic matter ,14. Life underwater ,lcsh:Science ,Atlantic Ocean ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,reactive oxygen species ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Global and Planetary Change ,geography ,Reactive oxygen species ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Chemistry ,Continental shelf ,Ecology ,Superoxide ,Superoxide dismutase ,superoxide dismutase ,Colored dissolved organic matter ,13. Climate action ,colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) ,Environmental chemistry ,Ocean science ,Mauritanian Shelf ,Upwelling ,lcsh:Q ,parafac ,Seawater ,excitation emission matrix fluorescence - Abstract
Superoxide (O−2O2-) is a short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed in seawater by photochemical or biological sources, it is important in the redox cycling of trace elements and organic matter in the ocean. The photoproduction of O−2O2- is now thought to involve reactions between O2 and reactive reducing (radical) intermediates formed from dissolved organic matter (DOM) via intramolecular reactions between excited singlet state donors and ground-state acceptors (Zhang et al., 2012). In seawater the main pathways identified for the decomposition of O−2O2- into H2O2 and O2, involve reactions with Cu, Mn, and DOM. In productive regions of the ocean, the reaction between DOM and O−2O2- can be a significant sink for O−2O2-. Thus, DOM is a key component of both the formation and decomposition of O−2O2- and formation of H2O2. In the present work we examined the relationships between O−2O2- decay rates and parameters associated with chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) by using the thermal O−2O2- source SOTS-1. Filtered samples (0.2 μm) were run both in the presence, and absence, of the metal chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to determine the contribution from DOM. Samples were collected along a transect across the continental shelf of the Mauritanian continental shelf during a period of upwelling. In this region we found that reactions with DOM, are a significant sink for O−2O2- in the Mauritanian Upwelling, constituting on average 58 ± 13% of the O−2O2- loss rates. Superoxide reactivity with organic matter showed no clear correlation with bulk CDOM or FDOM properties (as assessed by PARAFAC analysis) suggesting that future work should concentrate at the functional group level to clearly elucidate which molecular species are involved as bulk properties represent a wide spread of chemical moieties with different O−2O2- reactivities. Analysis of FDOM parameters indicates that many of the markers used previously for terrestrial sources of DOM and FDOM are called into question as marine sources exist. In particular recent work (Rico et al., 2013) indicates that algal species may also produce syringic, vanillic, and cinnamic acids, which had previously been ascribed solely to terrestrial vegetation. MH's participation was financially supported by the German BMBF project SOPRAN III (FKZ 03F0611A and 03F0662A, PC co-PI) that forms part of the German contribution to SOLAS (Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Studies). Funding for the participation of KW was awarded to PC from the DFG (CR145/17-1). Research work at sea was funded through SFB754 (DFG), project B5 (PC). peer-reviewed
- Published
- 2016
250. Harvest control rules in modern fisheries management
- Author
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Sturla F. Kvamsdal, Leif Kristoffer Sandal, Franz J. Mueter, Lars Ravn-Jonsen, Asta Gudmundsdottir, Alf Håkon Hoel, Jan Erik Stiansen, Nils-Arne Ekerhovd, Arne Eide, Katja Enberg, Katherine E. Mills, and Niels Vestergaard
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Atmospheric Science ,Environmental Engineering ,Control (management) ,Oceanography ,Fisheries law ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ocean Science ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900::Fiskerifag: 920::Ressursbiologi: 921 ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Fisheries science ,Ecology ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Environmental resource management ,Ocean science ,Geology ,harvest control rules ,Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology ,Geography ,climate change ,fisheries management ,Research council ,Fisheries management ,business - Abstract
Publisher's version, source: http://dx.doi.org/10.12952/journal.elementa.000114. Harvest control rules have become an important tool in modern fisheries management, and are increasingly adopted to provide continuity in management practices, to deal with uncertainty and ecosystem considerations, and to relieve management decisions from short-term political pressure. We provide the conceptual and institutional background for harvest control rules, a discussion of the structure of fisheries management, and brief introductions to harvest control rules in a selection of present day cases. The cases demonstrate that harvest control rules take different forms in different settings, yet cover only a subset of the full policy space. We conclude with views on harvest control rules in future fisheries management, both in terms of ideal and realistic developments. One major challenge for future fisheries management is closing the gap between ideas and practice.
- Published
- 2016
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