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Preventing of nutritional anemia among adolescents is low, as evidenced by student a senior high school of 2 Banguntapan which Fe tablet consumption during menstruation is still low. So that is necessary knowledge of Fe tablet during menstruation further more. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and the consumption of Fe tablets during menstruation in adolescent. Analytical survey research design with cross secsional, a number of respondents was 64 with a total sampling technique. Instrument by questionnaire on knowledge and Fe tablet checklist to determine Fe tablet consumption. Techniques of data analysis using fisher excact. The results showed that there are only eight respondents (12.5%) whose consuming Fe tablet during menstruation with enough knowledge category. The results of bivariate analysis by fisher exact p-value=0.321 it’s showed that there was no relationship between knowledge with the consumption of iron tablets during menstruation in adolescent.

Iron deficiency nutritional anemia is the most common anemia in the world. Riskesdas results showed that the prevalence of anemia of women ≥15 years old amounted to 22.7% while the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women was 37.1%. The prevalence of anemia nationally for all age groups is 21.7%. Young women are prone to anemia due to a lot of blood loss during menstruation, in addition to being exacerbated by a lack of iron intake, the need for iron in young women is urgently needed for accelerated growth and development. Coverage of young women who received blood-added tablets was 76.2% and that was not 23.8%. This research is an experimental Quasy Design study using the design of one group pre test-post test with the aim of knowing the influence of SF Consumption and Red Seed Guava Juice on changes in hemoglobin levels in Young Women who received SF Tablet Supplementation at SMP Negeri 19 Jambi City in 2019. Sampling in the study was Simple Random sampling as many as 74 students. The data was obtained from the results of the examination of the level of Hb Young women. The analysis used is univariate and bivariate. The statistical test used is the t-paired test. The average value of hemoglobin levels in Young Women before consuming SF and red seed guava juice in SMP 19 Jambi City in 2019 is 11.94 g/dl and the average value of hemoglobin in Young Women after consuming SF and guava in SMP 19 Jambi City year 2019 is 13.15 g/dl. Statistical test results There is an influence of consuming SF and guava juice on the hemoglobin levels of young women in Junior High School 19 Jambi City year 2019 with sig value (2-tailed) count 0.000 < 0.05. From the results of the study can be concluded that consuming SF in conjunction with guava juice can increase HB levels. Advice for health workers, especially midwives, to provide services related to the management of anemia in young women of high school students by doing prevention through counseling.

Background: Anemia in patients with cancer has been associated with poor outcomes. There are scarce data on the prevalence of iron and Vitamin B12 deficiencies and inflammatory anemia among treatment-naive patients in the Indian setting. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and iron and Vitamin B12 deficiencies along with inflammation in treatment-naive patients. Materials and Methods: This single-center cross-sectional study was conducted at the Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (Patna, India) from July 2019 to December 2019. All patients registered in the Medical Oncology Department were offered testing for iron profile and serum Vitamin B12 and serum ferritin levels. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level300 mg/L, and Vitamin B12 level

Background: Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid is becoming common now– a– days because of food fads and poor ingestion of fruits and vegetables. Resulting in the re-emergence of megaloblastic anemia. Objectives: In this case series, we want to highlight the importance of vitamin B12 and folate deficiency as a cause of severe anemia in children. Materials and Methods: Eight children with severe (Hb< 8gm/dl) anemia, & positive peripheral smear (i.e. macrocytic red cell precursors) were included in the study. The study period was for 7 months (August 2019 to February 2020). Results: Severe anemia in all cases, 6 (75%) cases had dimorphic anemia, 2 (25%) cases had megaloblastic anemia. The diagnosis was confirmed by vitamin B12 & folic acid assay and bone marrow aspiration. The response to supplementation with vitamin B12 and folic acid was good. Incidentally, all the patients were girls in the adolescent age group. Conclusion: 1. There seems to be a trend towards increasing the incidence of preventable nutritional Vit.B12 and Folate deficiency esp. in adolescent girls. This may have adverse effects on the next generation once the lady bears a child. 2. Increasing protective diet like vegetable and fruit intake, (the essential micronutrient-rich diet) can prevent severe nutritional anemia.

Introduction: Adherence to Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation (IFAS) in pregnant women can safeguard them against nutritional anemia and the related adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess the adherence to oral IFAS in women attending an antenatal clinic in an urban resettlement colony of Delhi, India. Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and enrolled 211 antenatal women through consecutive sampling during a 4-month period from December 2018 to April 2019. IFAS adherent status was defined as women taking ≥80% of their prescribed IFAS in the previous 7 days, equivalent to IFAS intake for at least 6 days in the previous week. We also estimated adequacy of IFAS drug stocks with the patient during the past 30 days. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 25. A P Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of the women was 24.6 (±3.4) years, ranging from 19 to 35 years. Median years of education was 11, and all the women were currently married. A total of 54 (25.6) women reported being non-adherent to their prescribed IFA medication. Only 175 (82.9%) women had adequate IFAS stocks during the past 30 days. On adjusted analysis, running out of IFAS stocks was a significant predictor of IFAS non-adherence (P = 0.004). Conclusion: The present study indicates that adherence to IFAS among pregnant women is suboptimal. Non-adherence was usually because of running out of drug-stocks but rarely due to drug side-effects.

Background: Adolescent age group (10–19 years) is characterized by rapid physical, psychological, and cognitive development. This is a vulnerable period for the development of nutritional anemia. Lack of knowledge concerning nutrition is one of the most significant reasons for nutritional problems and inappropriate nutritional practices can lead to numerous complications. Objectives: The objectives of the study were (1) to estimate the prevalence of anemia among school-going adolescent girls aged 11–16 years in rural area, (2) to know sociodemographic factors associated with anemia, and (3) to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding anemia and its prevention. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in rural area during November 1, 2018–January 15, 2019 among 1152 school-going adolescent girls of age between 11 and 16 years and resident of rural area using multistage sampling method. Results: In rural school-going adolescent girls, the prevalence of anemia was 67.36%. Anemia in adolescent girls was significantly associated with mother’s education and occupation. About 44.18%, 43.4%, and 38.28% girls did not know about causes, symptoms, and prevention of anemia, respectively. About 53.82% of girls worried about anemia, 61.81% of girls like to eat iron-rich food, and 64.76% of girls think that iron-rich foods are beneficial in anemia. About 21.88% of girls eat iron-rich foods and 57.2% eat Vitamin C rich foods regularly. Conclusion: There was poor knowledge in girls and unsatisfactory practices about anemia and its prevention, but positive attitude was seen to prevent anemia.

Introduction: The prevalence of iron deficiency, latent and symptomatic, is heterogeneous worldwide. In this study, we aim to explore the prevalence of iron deficiency, with and without anemia, among medical college females at the high Altitude Aseer region of Southwestern Saudi Arabia. Methodology: 200 female medical students were randomly sampled, between the ages of 19 and 27 years. Blood samples were collected for complete blood count (CBC) values and serum ferritin determination. Questionnaires were completed in order to collect demographics, medical history, and socioeconomic information of the participants. Results: Prevalence of overall iron deficiency was high (63%, serum ferritin

A food based approach would be a practical solution in addressing the poor performance and nutritional anemia which could provide immediate relief to our budding sports persons belonging to low income category. Formulation and standardization of pregame supplements utilizing locally available, low cost ingredients utilizing indigenous methods of preparations would pave path for the enhancement of performance capabilities of athletes. Hence an attempt was made to formulate and standardize pregame supplements.

Background: Serum folate (SF), vitamin B12 (B12), and iron deficiencies (def) are common causes of nutritional anemias. These deficiencies are usually multifactorial, with nutritional and non-nutritional factors playing a role. SF, B12, and iron levels are usually ordered in the setting of anemia, and malnutrition with or without neurologic symptoms. Since folic acid fortification, the prevalence of SF def in the United States (US) is Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with SF, B12 and iron levels at Mayo Clinic Arizona between 01/2010 and 10/2018. Race was classified according to the NIH criteria. Normal laboratory values were determined according to our lab reference and the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. SF levels (mcg/Lt) were defined as deficient 400-900, and excess ≥900. Iron def was determined by ferritin levels (mcg/L) as low Results: A total of 79,926 SF, 107,731 B12, and 39,827 ferritin samples from 67,683 patients were analyzed. Demographics and sample analysis are presented in Table 1. In the sample-level analysis, 23,008 (25%) had anemia with higher prevalence in the American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) 49% and African Americans (AA) 43% (p Conclusions: In our cohort, we show that despite the low prevalence of nutritional anemias in the US, racial disparities exist. Major differences were observed in the prevalence of anemia, SF def and iron def especially among AI/AN and AA. These differences may be linked to medical causes, nutritional practices and other social determinants of health. More research regarding the causes of these disparities and its clinical implications on a population level are needed. Targeted strategies to improve folate, B12 and iron intake in at higher risk populations could decrease adverse outcomes and decrease healthcare disparities caused by nutritional anemias. T able 1. Sample-level comparison by race Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Background: Anemia is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for DR. Nutritional anemia is a major cause of anemia in India. This study was undertaken to explore anemia as a risk factor for DR. Methodology: Patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to the medical wards of a tertiary care hospital were enrolled into the study, in the absence of renal failure, pregnancy and ocular disorders unrelated to diabetes. Retinopathy was classified as per ETDRS classification. Anemia was defined and graded based on WHO guidelines. In patients with anemia, serum B12, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and percent saturation were assayed. Results: A total of 170 patients were enrolled into the study (males 93, females 77). The mean age of the study group was 59 ± 12.30 (SD) years. Patients with DR (n=85) were classified as Group 1 and those without DR (n=85) as Group 2. The mean age of patients in Group 1 was 60.74 ± 13.00 (SD) years and that in Group 2 was 57.26 ± 11.39 (SD) years. The mean duration of diabetes was 12.40 ± 7.60 (SD) years for Group 1 and 6.64 ± 4.48 (SD) years for Group 2. The mean Hb of patients in Group 1 was 10.40 ± 0.25 (SD) gm% and in Group 2 was 12.70 ± 0.18 (SD) gm% (p=0.001). Within these groupings, 67 patients had anemia (56 in Group 1, 11 in Group 2). There was a significant association between anemia and DR (p=0.001) and a trend towards association between increasing grades of anemia and severity of DR (p=0.06). In Group 1, among patients with anemia, 28 (50%) patients had nutritional anemia (iron: 24, B12: 3 and dual: 1). On logistic regression analysis, anemia and duration of diabetes emerged as predictors of DR. Discussion: Anemia in patients with diabetes may be multifactorial in etiology. While metformin therapy, albuminuria and reduced renal function are implicated, vegetarian diet is a major contributor for nutritional anemia. Regular monitoring of Hb and treatment with supplements or dietary modifications may reduce occurrence and arrest progression of DR. Disclosure J. Idiculla: None. S. Nithyanandam: None. M. Joseph: None. C. J.: None.

Inherited metabolic diseases are pathologic conditions that generally develop as a result of impairment of the production or breakdown of protein, carbohydrate, and fatty acids. Early determination of hematological findings has a positive effect on the prognosis of metabolic diseases. Three hundred eighteen patients who were being followed-up within the previous 6 months at Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Gazi University, Turkey, were included in the study. The hematological findings were classified under 7 main groups: anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency anemia, hemophagocytosis, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis. Nine hundred twenty-two hematological examinations of the 319 patients were included in the study, and 283 hematological findings were determined, 127 anemia of chronic disease, 81 iron deficiency anemia, 56 cytopenia, and 4 vitamin B12 deficiency anemia. Leukocytosis (n=1), thrombocytosis (n=5), and hemophagocytosis (n=9) were also observed. It was determined that, although anemia of chronic disease and nutritional anemia are the most common hematological findings, these may be diagnosed late, whereas neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, and hemostasis disorders may be diagnosed earlier. Our study is the most comprehensive one in the literature, and we think it would positively contribute to the monitoring and prognosis of congenital metabolic diseases.

Background.Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the most common types of nutritional anemia in the worldwide and considered a major public health problem in developing countries especially in Yemen. Therefore, this cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of IDA among apparently healthy Yemeni students at Hodeida University.Method.Five hundred blood samples (326 males and 174 females) were collected randomly from medical students at Hodeida University. Participants were subjected to different tests including complete blood counts (CBC), serum ferritin (SF), serum iron (SI), and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Moreover, a questionnaire was designed to collect demographics, food and drink habits, and socioeconomic status.Result.The overall prevalence of IDA was 30.4% (n=152), of whom 54.00% were females(n=82)and 46.0% were males(n=70). Students aged 20–22 years were found more anemic with prevalence 59.2% than students aged 17–19 years (25.0%) and 23–25 years (15.8%). Statistical analysis showed regularly having breakfast had significant (p< 0.001) role in preventing development of IDA compared with irregularly having breakfast. Infrequent consumption of vegetables/fruits; meat, fish, chicken; tea drinking; low household income; smoking and khat(Catha edulis)chewing showed a significant role (p< 0.001) in provoking of IDA, whereas consumption of coffee and cola showed insignificant influence (p=0.585;p=0.513) on IDA.Conclusion.This study revealed that the majority of university students, especially females, have IDA that might become worse by malnutrition, lifestyle habits, and lack of awareness. Our results suggest that IDA can be prevented by providing proper knowledge on the healthful diet, improved lifestyle, and harmful effect of IDA to the students.

Background: When it comes to nutritional anemia, the major factor causing it is considered to be Iron Deficiency Anemia or IDA. In pregnancy, women tend to have increased need for iron and hence are more susceptible to IDA. Therefore pregnant women are considered as to be more affected by Iron Deficiency Anemia. Aim: To determine the frequency of anemia in pregnant females during last trimester. Methodology: A total of 100 women were taken in this study with first pregnancy and gestational age >28 weeks of gestation. Data was collected using cross sectional design form each female meeting inclusion criteria from OPD of RHC Manga Manddi, District Lahore. Their blood sample from each females visiting for their antenatal check-ups was taking in aseptic measure and was sent to hospital laboratory. Their reports were collected by principal investigator and Hb levels were recorded. Anaemia was defined as per standard criteria i.e. if Hb < 11 mg/dl. Results: The mean age of cases was 25.65 ± 4.42 years [18 and 35 years as minimum and maximum ages]. The average Hb was 10.01 and 1.69 mg/dl with minimum and maximum levels as 6.50 14.30 mg/dl. Among all females the frequency of anemia was seen in 71(71%) of the cases while in rests of 29(29%) of the case the Hb level was above 11 mg/dl. Conclusion: Even in nulliparous pregnant females the frequency of anemia is too high. We must pay special attention to maintain required levels of Hb during pregnancy for better fetomaternal outcome. Keywords: Pregnancy, pramigravida, hemoglobin level, iron deficiency anemia&nbsp

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the consumption of some foods and iron, B12, and folate deficiency in aged people. Method: A total number of 77 individuals aged 65 and over were involved in this study. The diagnosis of anemia was made according to the plasma hemoglobin levels of the patients based on WHO criteria. The data related to eating habits and socio-demographic features of the individuals and their consumption frequency of some foods were collected through a questionnaire form administered face-to-face. Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) and stadiometer were used for conducting anthropometric measurements. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)] and differences of p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 72.1±4.9 years. The mean BMI was 28.8±4.7 kg/m2 of males and 33.6±5.7 kg/m2 of females. The prevalence of anemia was 31.6% in females and 10.3% in males. While there were no individuals with folate deficiency, 13.0% of the individuals were found to have B12 vitamin deficiency. The proportions of muscle mass and body water, visceral fat, and serum iron level in males were found significantly higher (p

Hyperpigmentation is a known manifestation of Vitamin B12 deficiency but Vitamin B12 deficiency presenting with chief complaint of hyperpigmentation is relatively rare. We report a case of coeliac disease with nutritional anemia (vitamin B12, S. folate, iron) and vitamin B12 deficiency associated hyperpigmentation. Hyperpigmentation in this case was reversible and improved on B12 supplementation.

Author(s): Moor, Molly A; Fraga, Miguel A; Garfein, Richard S; Rashidi, Hooman H; Alcaraz, John; Kritz-Silverstein, Donna; Elder, John P; Brodine, Stephanie K | Abstract: IntroductionAnemia is a public health concern among women in rural Baja California, Mexico. The purpose of this study was to identify the individual and community factors contributing to the disproportionately high prevalence of anemia among women in this region.MethodsA cross-sectional study of 118 women (15-49 years) was performed in a rural colonia (small settlement) in Baja California, Mexico in 2012. Participants completed a survey comprised of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and dietary questions and provided a capillary blood sample. A portable HemoCue was used to measure hemoglobin and diagnose anemia. Anemic participants provided a venous blood sample for laboratory testing to elucidate the etiology of anemia. Anemic participants received vitamin supplements and nutritional counseling. Assessments of six local tiendas (community grocery stores) were performed to ascertain the types of food available for purchase within the community.ResultsPrevalence of anemia was 22% among women; laboratory tests revealed iron deficiency was the primary etiology in 80.8% of anemia cases. Other causes of anemia in women included vitamin B-12 deficiency (11.5%) and combined iron and vitamin B-12 deficiency (7.7%). Women from low SES households and women enrolled in the government assistance program Prospera were significantly more likely to be anemic (OR = 3.48, 95% CI 1.35-8.98 and OR = 2.49, 95% CI 1.02-6.09, respectively). Vitamin supplementation was significantly more common among non-anemic women (OR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.94). Dietary assessments showed limited consumption of iron absorption enhancing foods such as fruits and vegetables. Assessments of local tiendas revealed at least one type of meat and citrus fruit available for purchase at each store; however, leafy green vegetables were only available for purchase at one store.ConclusionAll cases of anemia were due to nutritional deficiencies. While vitamin supplementation is a temporary solution, improved individual nutrition knowledge and community access to iron absorption enhancing foods, particularly produce, is needed. Promoting government assistance programs like Prospera and implementing additional programs designed to improve nutrition and health literacy, in conjunction with ensuring access to nutritious foods, might reduce the high prevalence nutritional anemia within the community.

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical profile of Anemia in Women attending the College of Medical Sciences-Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. MATERIALS & METHODS The Study was conducted among 100 women patients attended to the College of Medical Sciences- Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Chitwan. Their blood samples were tested and related socio-demographic information was collected. The associated Clinical signs and symptoms with hemoglobin level and the occurrence of anemia were assessed. RESULT The peak incidence of Anemia was in the age group of 20-24 yrs (59.7%), and severity of anemia was correlated with sings and symptoms. Majority of them had Microcytic Hypochromic anemia (43.1%) with serum iron level below normal level and increased TIBC (total iron binding capacity) were observed. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of Nutritional anemia suggests the dietary advice to be emphasized strongly.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v10i3.12773 Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol-10, No-3, 23-28

Objectives: To study the spectrum of hematological disorders in children at a tertiary care centre in Kolkata, India. Settings: This study was conducted at the department of Paediarics and the department of Pathology of Dr. B. C. Roy PGIPS, Kolkata. The study period was from January 2012 to December, 2014. Methods: A retrospective analysis of charts of those patients who underwent bone marrow examination (aspiration) was made. Charts were analyzed in detail regarding history, examination and investigations. All findings were entered on a standard proforma. Results: BMA from 200 patients were analyzed. Nutritional anemia contributed highest number of cases among the nonneoplastic group. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the commonest malignant hematological disorder in the present study. Conclusion: Common haematologic disorders in our setting are nutritional anaemias and leukaemias. There is need to expand the scope of laboratory investigations beyond morphology.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic disease with high growth in population and bariatric surgery is currently considered the most effective treatment for weight reduction; on the other hand, nutritional deficiencies are observed after this procedure. AIM: To analyze weight loss progression and nutritional anemia in patients submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on use of vitamin and mineral supplementation. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 137 patients of both sexes, aged between 18-60 years, using supplemental multivitamins and minerals, were included; personal information, anthropometric and laboratory data in the preoperative, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months postoperatively were collected. RESULTS: Postoperatively, in both sexes, occurred weight loss compared to the pre-operative weight gain at 48 months and maintenance of body mass index. There was a decrease in the percentage of excess weight loss at 48 months postoperatively compared to the time of 12, 24 and 36 months in men and decreased at 48 postoperative months compared to the time of 24 months in females. There was a decreased in serum ferritin in both sexes and increased serum iron at 48 months postoperatively in males. There was a decreased in vitamin B12 and folic acid increased serum at 48 postoperative months in females. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment was effective for reducing weight, body mass index reduction and achievement of success in the late postoperative period along with multivitamin and mineral supplementation on prevention of serious nutritional deficiencies and anemia. RACIONAL: A obesidade é doença crônica com elevado crescimento na população. A cirurgia bariátrica é considerada o tratamento mais efetivo para redução de peso; por outro lado, deficiências nutricionais são observadas após esse procedimento. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução da perda ponderal e a presença de anemias carenciais em pacientes submetidos ao bypass gástrico em Y-de-Roux em uso de suplementação de vitaminas e minerais. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 137 pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 18-60 anos, em uso de suplementação de polivitaminas e minerais incluindo informações pessoais, dados antropométricos e laboratoriais nos períodos pré-operatório, 12, 24, 36 e 48 meses de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: No pós-operatório, em ambos os sexos, ocorreu perda de peso em relação ao pré-operatório, ganho de peso aos 48 meses e manutenção do índice de massa corporal. Houve diminuição do percentual de perda de excesso de peso aos 48 meses pós-operatórios comparado com os tempos 12, 24 e 36 meses em homens e diminuição aos 48 meses pós-operatórios em relação aos 24 meses no sexo feminino. Houve diminuição da ferritina sérica em ambos os sexos e aumento do ferro sérico aos 48 meses pós-operatório no sexo masculino. Houve diminuição da vitamina B12 e aumento do ácido fólico séricos aos 48 meses do pós-operatório no sexo feminino. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento cirúrgico mostrou-se eficaz para redução de peso, redução do índice de massa corporal e alcance do sucesso no pós-operatório tardio juntamente com a suplementação de polivitamínico e minerais na prevenção de deficiências nutricionais importantes e anemias.

Objective. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of family nutrition and eating habits on potential development of nutritional anemia in school-age children. Methods. The survey was conducted as an observational cross-sectional study in four primary schools in Kragujevac, during the academic year 2014/2015 on 114 respondents. The data of this study were obtained by combining survey research, anthropometric and biochemical measurements. The survey was conducted during regular hours in schools and included pupils in the first and fourth grade of elementary schools and their parents. Results. Processing the collected data showed that the family diet and eating habits can contribute to the occurrence of anemia in children of school age. It was found that the following factors had a statistically significant influence on the manifestation of anemia: the use of nuts, the way of preparing food and the number of daily meals. Conclusion. Adequately preparing food and the number of meals (less than five), pointed out that proper nutrition and eating habits can potentially contribute to the reduction of the development of anemia in school-age children.

Anemia, defined as a hemoglobin level b 13 g/dL in men and b 12 g/dL in women, is an important healthcare concern among the elderly. Nutritional anemia represents one-third of all anemias in elderly patients. About two-thirds of nutritional anemia are associated with iron deficiency and most of those cases are the result of chronic blood loss from gastrointestinal lesions. The remaining cases of nutritional anemia are usually associated with vitamin B12, most frequently related to food-cobalamin malabsorption, and/or folate deficiency and are easily treated (nutrient-deficiency replacement).

Anaemia is one of the most common health problems worldwide, with a high prevalence in Africa and South East Asia, including Thailand. Thai women of childbearing age have an increased risk of anaemia due to several factors including underlying health problems, lifestyles and poor diet. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of anaemia among female students of Chulalongkorn University (aged 18-22) and categorized causes of the anaemia.400 Thai female student-volunteers, without known underlying diseases were subjected to blood tests; complete blood count, Haemoglobin typing and serum ferritin level. Bloods, having haemoglobin under 12 g/dl and hematocrit under 36%, were designated as anaemia. Then causes of anaemia are categorized into 3 groups; Iron deficiency, Thalassemia and Others.We found that 21% of the volunteers were anaemic. In 85 anaemic volunteers, they were classified as Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA); with low serum ferritin levels 42.4%, Thalassemia; total of 6 types 25.9%, IDA and Thalassemia 2.3% and Others 29.4% in which haemoglobin typing and serum ferritin level were normal.Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the major cause of anaemia in Thai female students in our study. Several students were gradually developing anaemia where their haematocrit (Hct) and haemaglobin (Hb) were within reference range but mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemaglobin (MCH) and serum ferritin fell below reference range, indicating latent iron deficiency. A few volunteers had both IDA and Thalassemia and also Thalassemia with iron overloaded where health can be deteriorated without knowledge of having these conditions or proper health care. To improve their health, universities or public organizations should provide education and/or screen for anaemia. With the knowledge and understanding of their health issues or underling diseases, students themselves can prevent serious health conditions, improve university performances, and improve their quality of life.

Introduction: Anemia is a public health concern globally. Nutritional anemia is the most common cause of anemia in college students and is one of the major health problems in developing countries like Nepal. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia among medical and dental students. The medical and dental students might suffer from anemia because of long hectic schedule in college, clinical postings, and continuous examinations throughout the year. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to February 2017 among first and second-year MBBS and BDS students between the ages of 17 to 22 years studying at KMCTH, Kathmandu. A total of 288 students age ranging from 17 to 22 years were enrolled in the study. Sahli hemometer method was used for the estimation of hemoglobin. Results: The prevalence of Anemia was 21.8 % among the study students. Out of total 288 students, 63 students were found anemic out of which 17 (6%) male students were anemic. And 46 (16 %) female students were found anemic in the present study. The cutoff hemoglobin level below 12.0 gm% was considered as anemia. The mean hemoglobin among students was 13.6 gm % with standard deviation of 1.56. Conclusion: Anemia is still relatively common in girls and women of childbearing age. Moreover, these data contribute to the mapping of anemia prevalence in this geographical area of Nepal and therefore may be helpful in planning interventional strategies in making public health policies.

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble, essential, octahedral macromolecule containing cobalt. It is vitally needed for functioning of the brain and nervous system. It has an important role in DNA synthesis and erythropoiesis in bone marrow, hence, termed as anti-pernicious anemia factor. Megaloblastosis in bone marrow cells results into megaloblastic anemia. It is notably caused by a deficiency of folic acid and/or B12 in the body. Common cause of folate inadequacy in the body is its impaired absorption in the small intestine due to malabsorption syndrome, whereas cobalamin deficiency is attributed to lack of its absorption as a result of deficit amount of intrinsic factor in gastric secretion.

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble organic compound having nutritional value, and it exists in highly diversified forms like retinal, retinoic acid and retinol. Its widely available provitamin form is the carotenoids. Vitamin A has multiple roles. It is necessary for the normal growth and development, immunity development and acquisition of normal vision. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin and its digestion, almost, resembles that of lipid digestion. Vitamin A affects and controls the erythropoiesis at different stages in human life. Retinoids regulate the development of haematovascular tissues in yolk sac stage and shape the foetal erythropoiesis. Vitamin A also controls cellular proliferation and differentiation of the haemopoietic stem cells. Vitamin A is engaged in the pathogenesis of anemia in children through varied mechanisms. The conclusive role of vitamin A in the cause of anemia is uncertain.

Zinc is an essential trace element necessary for a broad category of enzymatic reactions, enzymes, transcription factors and proteins of the body. It is of prime importance in prenatal and postnatal growth and development. It is profoundly involved in normal endocrine functioning, sexual maturation and development of immunity. Its deficiency in the body either during intrauterine or postnatal life is responsible for recurrent infection of upper respiratory tract, diarrhoea, wasting and stunting in children. Zinc essentially regulates the process of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Zinc is the key component of GATA-1, also called as erythroid transcription factor. Zinc is required in different stages of erythropoiesis.

Child nutrition refers to dietary needs of children and encompasses that children must consume quality foods and in the appropriate quantity which are essential for their normal growth and development and are vital for the prevention of malnutrition like stunting, wasting, underweight, and obesity. Poor dietary intake and repeated infections are responsible for stunted growth of children. Irrespective of government policies for the benefit of population in terms of good nutrition and good physical and mental health of children, childhood malnutrition has been the major public health hazard throughout the world. Protein-energy malnutrition is a specific type of malnutrition, wherein inadequate intake of calories and/or protein is responsible for ill effects on the body of children.

Iron supplementations are the iron formulations in the form of tablets, syrups, capsules or injections recommended by physicians to prevent and/or treat iron deficiency anemia. It is the effective technique to combat iron deficiency anemia among vulnerable population in developing countries. Iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation has been advocated as a measure to resolve the nutritional deficiency in the target population at a national level. Food fortification is the food enrichment method with the micronutrients. It might help improve the micronutrient status of the target population provided the fortified foods should be easily accessible and affordable and must be available at the local distribution network. Dietary pattern and selection of foods from the food groups should be so as to balance the presence of iron absorption inhibitors and enhancers. Albendazole, an antihelminthic drug, is suggested for deworming of children. Infants up to 6 months of age should be fed on breast milk. It provides immunity to the child and reduces the prevalence of diarrhoeal episodes. Hand washing, defecation in latrines and safe and proper disposal of human excreta are other good practices that help prevent and/or minimize diarrhoeal episodes in children.

Introduction: Nutritional deficiency, especially iron deficiency is the most common etiological factor for anemia, particularly in adolescent girls when the requirement for iron increases tremendously to physiological need. Aim: This study not only would highlight the burden of nutritional anemia in them, but also it would aid in drawing recommendations and rendering suggestions to assess and maneuver the existing schemes. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among school going girls to associate anemia to their demographic profile and nutritional status. Materials and methods: This was a community based cross sectional observational study. The demographic profile was collected followed by estimation of Iron profile and Vitamin B12 levels estimation among 382 adolescent girls aged 10 to 18 years, in schools at rural area of Raipur district, India. Results: Iron and vitamin B12 deficiency was present in 11% and 58% respectively. Statistically significant association was observed between severity of anemia serum ferritin (p

Iron deficiency is a pandemic clinical condition affecting large proportion of population around the world. In India, iron deficiency is the main cause of nutritional anemia. The prevalence of anemia in rural children was higher in comparison to urban children.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Hypertension, obesity and nutritional anemia is highly prevalent and largely undiagnosed among dental students. Early identification of these diseases is essential among them, considering their role as future surgeons and role models in public health intervention. Prevalence of hypertension, obesity and anemia among the dental students of Bareilly was studied. METHODS: This cross sectional study was carried out among the first year students of Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly after obtaining institutional ethical committee clearance and informed consent of respondents. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect information about the respondent's demographic profile, family history of hypertension and diabetes, the measurement of blood pressure, anthropometrical parameters and anemia. RESULTS: Out of the 107 respondents, nearly 28.0% had a positive family history of hypertension and/or diabetes. The prevalence of hypertension was 27.1% while about 28.0 % were found to be overweight. Nearly 57.6% had an increased waist hip ratio and about 14.8% were anemic. A higher proportion of males were found to be overweight and hypertensive as compared to the females, the difference being statistically insignificant. Increased waist hip ratio was found to be significantly higher among the males while anemia was significantly higher among the females (p

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is the formative period of life when the maximum amount of physical, psychological and behavioral changes takes place and this is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia, which has been constantly neglected by public health programs. The prevalence of anaemia is disproportionately high in developing countries than developed countries. It has mainly been ascribed to poverty, inadequate diet, certain diseases, pregnancy and lactation, and poor access to health services in developing countries Prevalence of anaemia in adolescents in India have been reported in limited studies available from 16.25% to 96.5%. Nutritional anaemia constitutes the most important cause of anaemia in adolescents. It is mainly due to deficiency of Iron, Vitamin B12 and Folate. Megaloblastic Anaemia resulting from deficiency of folate and B12 appears to be increasing over the last two decades. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1.To study the types of nutritional anemia in adolescents (10-18 yrs.) attending the hospital and correlate severity of nutritional anemia with serum levels of ferritin, Vit B12 & folate. 2. And also to determine demographic, socio-economic & nutritional factors for nutritional anemia in adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional study was conducted in selected sample of 200 subjects. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Azeezia Medical College; during November 2011 to April 2013, as a cross-sectional observational study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were selected based on the inclusion criteria set and evaluated with aid of laboratory investigation of blood samples collected from subjects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Present study was undertaken to find out etiology and socio-demographic correlates of nutritional anaemia in adolescents. And it was found out that Folate deficiency was the most common followed by Vitamin B12 deficiency & then irons deficiency. Also low intake of all the three nutrients is a significant determinant towards causing nutritional anaemia. Other factors found to influence the prevalence of anaemia were history of worm infestation, fathers' occupation, calorie intake and folate intake.

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) continues to be major public health problem in India. It is estimated that about 20% of maternal deaths are directly related to anemia and another 50% of maternal deaths are associated with it. The question, therefore, is why, despite being the first country to launch the National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme in 1970, the problem of IDA remains so widespread. As is to be expected, the economic implications of IDA are also massive. The issues of control of IDA in India are multiple. Inadequate dietary intake of iron, defective iron absorption, increased iron requirements due to repeated pregnancies and lactation, poor iron reserves at birth, timing of umbilical cord clamping, timing and type of complementary food introduction, frequency of infections in children, and excessive physiological blood loss during adolescence and pregnancy are some of the causes responsible for the high prevalence of anemia in India. In addition, there are other multiple programmatic and organizational issues. This review, therefore, is an attempt to examine the current burden of anemia in India, its epidemiology, and the various issues regarding its prevention and control, as well as to offer some innovative approaches to deal with this major health problem.

Background: iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of nutritional anemia; it has been recognized as an important health problem in Palestine. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify possible risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip and to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing oral iron formula in the anemic children. Methods: the study included 735 (384 male and 351 female) kindergarten children. Data was collected by questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count analysis. All iron deficient anemic children were treated using an oral iron formula (50 mg ferrous carbonate + 100 mg vitamin C /5 mL) and the complete blood count was reassessed after three months. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model were constructed; crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 33.5% with no significant differences between boys and girls. Significantly different prevalences of iron deficiency anemia were reported between different governorates of the Gaza Strip. Governorate, low education level of the parents and smoking are significant risk factors for children developing anemia. Significantly lower complete blood count parameters, except for WBC, were reported in anemic children. The oral iron treatment significantly improved hemoglobin concentrations, and normalized the iron deficiency marker. Conclusions: iron deficiency anemia is a serious health problem among children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip, which justifies the necessity for national intervention programs to improve the health status for the less fortunate development areas.

Background: The present, hospital based prevalence study has been conducted to assess the clinical and epidemiological profile of anemia in central India. Methods: In this study 200 patients of anemia from medical out patients department and indoor wards, age between 15-70 years, randomly selected without any bias for sex, occupation, socio-economic status and duration of disease. Results: This study shows that maximum number of patients (40%) were from age group 21-30 years. Between 15-30 years age group, prevalence of anemia was more in females than males. 57% study population have moderate anemia and 41% patients have severe anemia. Weakness & easy fatigability were most common (100%) presenting symptoms and pallor was most common (98% patients) clinical sign. Microcytic and hypochromic type peripheral smear was most common laboratory findings (59% cases). Nutritional anemia was the most common type of anemia (84%). Conclusions: Nutritional deficiency anemia is the most common cause of anemia among population, and iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in population.

The iron deficiency anemia is relatively common among young women in Tunisia. Phytotherapy has a place in the treatment of this deficiency anemia. Objective: The objective of this work is to describe the perception of anemic women vis-a-vis the use of herbs and dietary and adapted through a survey in Greater Tunis. Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 124 anemic women, recruited from public health facilities in Greater Tunis. Results: The majority of women surveyed (84.7%) had secondary or university education, 10.5% primary and 4.8% were illiterate. Among the women surveyed, 93.5% received a replacement iron-based medical treatment. Among the iron-rich foods, they are legumes that were most appreciated by almost all respondents. While food sources of vitamin B12 and folate were ignored by the majority of women (68%). Two out of three women were unaware of the importance of meat products as the main source of iron, vitamin B12 and folate. Almost half of the women had the habit of consuming tea every day just after meals and they convict that increases the amount of blood. The frequency of the use of traditional medicinal plants by women surveyed in order to treat their anemia was 40%. These women were often advised to use plants by other anemic women and traditional herbalists whose skills in this area were acquired by experience and transmitted from father to son without adequate scientific training. The plants most frequently used were fenugreek, cumin, oregano, rosemary and parsley. Conclusion: These data clearly found the need to intervene for better education of women and girls by the establishment of a nutrition education program associated with other environmental actions. If herbal keeps a place in iron deficiency anemia, the practice of herbal medicine and the preparation of its remedies require the acquisition of institutional competence within the public health authorities whose training must be constantly updated.

Background: Children health is an important concern for all societies since it contributes to overall development. The present position with regards to health and nutritional status of children is not satisfactory despite of mid-day meal programme running in government run schools. This study is conducted to assess the proportion of children, aged between 6 year to 11 years having anemia and socio demographic factors associated with iron deficiency anemia among selected children.Methods: For the purpose of study a list of all government primary schools of Katihar had been prepared and equal numbers of students were examined from randomly selected schools. By taking the prevalence of anemia 50% among school children for confidence level 95% with 10% relative precision with sample size comes out to be 384. The sample size was doubled to cover both boys and girls in the study. A total of 800 students (426 boys and 374 girls) in the age group of 6-11 years were interviewed and examined.Results: Out of 800 children total 343 (42.88%) were anemic. The prevalence of anemia was 37.96% among boys and 48.07% among girls. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia among boys was 32.05% and 67.95% and 70.8% and 29.2% among girls respectively. The prevalence of anemia was high among lower and upper lower socio-economic status (100% and 45.32%). The proportion of anemic children showed a significant association with education of mother and nutritional status. Proportion of anemia decreased significantly with increase in education status of mother.Conclusions: The prevalence of anemia was found high among primary school children. Major factors which influence the prevalence of anemia were socioeconomic status, mother education and nutritional status of children.

Nutritional anemia is a lack of hemoglobin levels in the blood caused by a lack of nutrients needed for the formation of Hb. If a woman who has anemia will be very difficult when she is pregnant and giving birth. This can cause babies born with low weight (less than 2500 grams). In addition, anemia can also result in the death of both the mother and baby during labor. Anemia is one of the health problems throughout the world, especially developing countries. It is estimated that 30% of the world’s population suffer from anemia. The anemia in young women is still quite high. This community service activity will be held at Jambi Jambi Al-Hafidz Pondok Islamic Boarding School. The service method uses survey, lecture, discussion, demonstration / simulation approaches. Problems faced by partners Lack of student knowledge about anemia in adolescents and how to prevent it

Background: Nutritional anemia is the most common type of anemia in the world. Iron deficiency anemia is very common in India. Medical students may to suffer from anemia due to irregular eating habits due to the hectic study schedule. They also come from the different socioeconomic background. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was (1) to find out the presence or absence of anemia among male and female students of 1st year MBBS; (2) to determine the degree of anemia among male and female students; and (3) to study the presence of anemia among students of different nutritional status. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 150 1st year medical students aged between 18 and 25 years from October 1 to November 30 2013. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. The data were collected using case record form including general information, sign and symptoms of anemia, dietary habits, body mass index, general, and systemic examination. Hemoglobin was estimated by Sahli’s method. ESR was estimated by Westergren’s method. Red blood cell (RBC) count and blood indices, namely mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and MCH concentration were also determined. All investigations were carried out at central lab Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Results: Hemoglobin was significantly decreased in males compared to females thus showing a greater prevalence of anemia among males compared to females. Furthermore, the presence of anemia was more among overweight students compared to those underweight. There may be a correlation between hemoglobin, ESR, RBC count, and blood indices indicating the presence or absence of anemia. Conclusion: There is a need for increased awareness among students on adopting healthy eating habits. Deworming also has to be carried out to prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency anemia. Treatment of anemia could significantly improve memory and academic performance of students.