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The Argentinean Society of Hypertension, in agreement with the May Measurement Month (MMM) initiative of the International Society of Hypertension, implemented for the third consecutive year a hypertension screening campaign. A volunteer cross-sectional survey was carried out in public spaces and health centres during the month of May 2019 across 33 cities in Argentina. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg based on the mean of the second and third BP measurements, or in those on treatment for high BP. A total of 94 523 individuals (53.9 ± 17.8 years old, 55 231women and 39 292 men), were evaluated. The age and sex standardized mean BP was 124.7/77.2 mmHg. Among participants, 34.7% were overweight (25-29.9 m/kg2) and 28.7% had obesity (≥30 m/kg2). Individuals identified as being overweight had BP 3/2 mmHg higher and individuals with obesity 6/4 mmHg higher than those with normal weight. The prevalence of hypertension was 52.5%. Although 81.1% were aware and 77.7% were on antihypertensive treatment, only 46.0% of all individuals with hypertension had their BP controlled. Moreover, 19.8% of those not on any antihypertensive medication were found with raised BP. The low level of control of hypertension generates the critical need for the development of community-based prevention strategies reinforcing strategies to increase the awareness and control of hypertension.

Hypertension (HTN) is a major cardiovascular risk factor that affects 1.3 billion people and accounts for 17.9 million deaths annually worldwide. Seventy-five percent of global deaths due to HTN occur in low- and middle-income countries where HTN prevalence is higher, and HTN control and population awareness are lower, than in high-income countries. Approximately 26% of Egyptian adults meet criteria for HTN, but the prevalence of HTN unawareness is unknown in this population. The purpose of this study was to assess prevalence and predictors of HTN unawareness among Egyptian adults. Using data from the 2015 Egyptian Health Issues Survey (EHIS), we identified 2869 participants 18-59 years of age whose blood pressure met criteria for HTN at the time of data collection. Our outcome of interest, hypertension unawareness, was indicated when a participant reported that they had not been diagnosed with HTN (despite meeting criteria). Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine prevalence of, and risk factors for, HTN unawareness. Fifty-six percent of the sample were unaware of their HTN status. The odds of HTN unawareness were highest among participants 18-39 years old compared to those 40-59 years old (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.48-2.47); males compared to females (OR 2.59; 95% CI 1.85-3.62); and never married compared to currently married participants (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.19-3.24). Compared to those who had a college level education, the odds of HTN unawareness were highest among participants who had no education (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.45-3.38). In addition, the odds of HTN unawareness were higher for participants who had a normal body mass index compared to those who were obese (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.26-2.65); and those considered healthy compared to those who had at least one chronic illness (OR 4.53; 95% CI 3.29-6.24). Our findings indicate that more than half of Egyptian adults who meet criteria for HTN are unaware of their blood pressure status. Younger, healthier, and normal weight people-who are typically at lowest risk for HTN-appear mostly likely to be unaware of their HTN status. Less educated people are least likely to know their hypertensive status. This suggests the need for a targeted health education campaign and regular blood pressure screening in Egypt.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate total hip arthroplasty (THA) Morse taper pull-off strengths after impaction prior to cyclical loading compared to cyclical loading alone. The practical relevance of the experiment is to provide a perspective on what may be clinically satisfactory taper assembly given the spectrum of head tapping patterns used by surgeons, as well as compare traditional impaction performed in standard THA with alternate methods of taper engagement such as ‘ in situ assembly’ used in micro-invasive techniques. Methods: 36 taper constructs utilising a combination of cobalt-chrome alloy and ceramic-titanium alloy junctions were investigated in vitro in wet and dry conditions with cyclical loading of the constructs. Taper disengagement strengths with and without impaction were compared. Secondary investigation of the surface roughness of the heads and tapers was also assessed. Results: An impaction to a wet taper resulted in a greater pull off force compared to a dry taper with a CoCr head and taper combination. Impacting the head and dryness of the taper did not affect pull off forces of a ceramic femoral head on titanium taper. Pulling a head off a taper significantly alters the head surface roughness. Conclusion: Impaction of a taper does not provide any benefit over cyclical loading of a taper assembly alone for pull-off strength.

Objectives: to evaluate self-perceived body image and body satisfaction of adolescents and their associated factors. Methods: across-sectional study carried out with 200 adolescents from a non-govern-mental organization of Campinas-SP. Self-perceived body image was assessed using a scale of silhouettes and body satisfaction by body areas. Association between sociodemographic and anthropometric data and body image and satisfaction were assessed by logistic regres-sion. Results: seventy percent of normal weight boys and 88% of girls wrongly perceived their nutritional status according to the objective standards. The prevalence of body dissatisfac-tion was 76.5%. Twenty-two percent of adolescents reported dissatisfaction with their body shape. Self-perceived body image was associated with nutritional status (OR= 0.25; CI95%=0.09-0.73), abdominal obesity (Waist/Height ratio- WHR) (OR=26.57; CI95%=3.98-177.18), and gender (OR=2.65; CI95%=1.16-6.05). Conclusions: we identified an important distortion and dissatisfaction with body shape. Girls, overweight/obese adolescents and those with abdominal obesity have more chance to this condition. These findings can subsidize actions that deal with the issue of acceptance of self-image, preventing more serious disorders that may directly affect the health of young-sters. Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a imagem corporal autopercebida e a satisfação corporal de adoles-centes e seus fatores associados. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 200 adolescentes de uma organização não governamental de Campinas-SP. A imagem corporal autopercebida foi avaliada por meio de escala de silhuetas e a satisfação corporal por áreas do corpo. A associação entre dados sociodemográficos e antropométricos e imagem e satisfação corporal foi avaliada por regressão logística. Resultados: setenta por cento dos meninos com peso normal e 88% das meninas perce-beram erroneamente seu estado nutricional de acordo com os parâmetros objetivos. A prevalência de insatisfação corporal foi de 76,5%. Vinte e dois por cento dos adolescentes relataram insatisfação com a forma corporal. A autopercepção da imagem corporal foi asso-ciada ao estado nutricional (OR= 0,25; IC95%=0,09-0,73), obesidade abdominal (Relação cintura estatura- RCE) (OR=26,57; IC95%=3,98-177,18) e sexo (OR=2,65; IC95%=1,16-6,05). Conclusões: identificou-se uma importante distorção e insatisfação com a forma corporal. Meninas, adolescentes com sobrepeso / obesidade e aqueles com obesidade abdo-minal têm mais chances de apresentar dessa condição. Esses achados podem subsidiar ações que tratam da questão da aceitação da autoimagem, prevenindo distúrbios mais graves que podem afetar diretamente a saúde dos jovens.

We evaluated mid urethral sling outcomes in overweight and obese patients compared to normal weight patients and identified risk factors for failure in this population.Records of 688 women between January 2004 and July 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients received urodynamic studies, 1-hour pad test, Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7, and were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese. Objective cure at 1 year was defined as no involuntary urine leakage during filling cystometry and pad test less than 2 gm. Subjective cure was established by negative response to question 3 on Urogenital Distress Inventory-6. McNemar's test, chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher's exact test were used for paired categorical variables. Independent samples t-tests and paired t-test were used for continuous parametric variables. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for failure.Objective and subjective cure in normal, overweight and obese patients was 91.4% and 89.1%, 87.5% and 86%, and 76% and 70.1%, respectively. There was no difference in surgical complications. Obese patients had worse quality of life scores preoperatively and postoperatively. Risk factors in obese patients with failed mid urethral sling included 66 years old or older (OR 2.02, 1.56-3.98), menopause (OR 4.21, 1.21-14.22), previous prolapse surgery (OR 4.57, 2.36-8.52), diabetes (OR 2.79, 1.61-5.99) and intrinsic sphincter deficiency (OR 5.06, 3.08-9.64).Obese women with mid urethral sling had lower objective and subjective cure at 1 year and worse quality of life scores compared to normal and overweight women. Risk factors for failure include age, diabetes, menopause, previous prolapse surgery and intrinsic sphincter deficiency.

Postprandial blood glucose (PBG) is an independent predictor of disease and mortality risk. To date, the shortest, single, moderate-intensity exercise intervention to reduce PBG is a 1 min bout of stair stepping during an oral glucose tolerance test. Whether this effect translates to real meal consumption is unknown.Subjects (N = 30) participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial performing 0 min (seated control), 1 min, 3 min or 10 min of stair climbing and descending bouts (SCD) at a self-selected pace after consumption of a mixed meal on four separate visits. Compared to control, all SCD reduced PBG at least one timepoint: at 30-min the 3 min (-10.8 (-18.7 to -2.8) mg/dL, p = 0.010) and 10 min (-36.3 (-46.4 to -26.3) mg/dL), p .001), and at 45-min the 1 min (-7.3 (-13.9 to -0.7) mg/dL, p = 0.030, 3 min (-8.7 (-13.9 to -3.6) mg/dL, p = 0.002 and 10 min SCD (-12.2 (-18.2 to -6.1)mg/dL, p 0.000) reduced PBG. The area under the curve (AUC) for PBG was lower following the 3 min (-4.4% (-7.5 to -1.4%), p = 0.006) and 10 min (-8.9% (-12.4 to -5.3%), p 0.001), while the incremental AUC (iAUC) was reduced only following the 10 min (-38.0% (-63.7 to -12.3%), p = 0.005) SCD. All SCD were rated by subjects as very light to light intensity.Single, subjectively "light" intensity stair climbing and descending bouts as short as 1 min in duration attenuate the postprandial glucose response in normal weight individuals following consumption of a mixed meal. More pronounced effects require longer bouts in a dose-dependent manner.

Background: Children with overweight status and obesity seek care for acute illnesses more often than normal weight peers. School-based health centers (SBHCs) have a role in acute and chronic disease management; however, little is known about SBHC use by children with overweight status and obesity. This study compared SBHC utilization by student body mass index (BMI) category and investigated whether SBHC visit diagnoses varied by BMI category. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of students (n = 1161) in grades K-8 enrolled in a large SBHC for 2 years. Negative binomial regression models were used to test the independent association between BMI category as defined by BMI percentile [normal/underweight (BMI percentile

This article addresses issues associated with the perception of obesity and being overweight in the labour market, and the issue of weight discrimination. Excess body weight has become a very serious social problem. The increase in rates of obesity and being overweight is a serious problem both for individuals and social policies in advanced societies. In some countries, over 50% of the population have excess body weight. The literature to date indicates that people struggling with being overweight and obesity are discriminated at work. Research shows that these individuals are believed to have lower leadership potential, a lower IQ and lower effectiveness compared to individuals of normal weight. For this reason, people with excess body weight are subjected to stigmatisation and discrimination, have limited chances of occupying managerial positions, and earn lower incomes. The article also shows whether and how overweight and obese people can defend their rights. Artykuł dotyczy postrzegania nadwagi i otyłości na rynku pracy oraz dyskryminacji związanej z tym zjawiskiem. Nadmierna masa ciała stała się bardzo poważnym problemem społecznym. Wzrost wskaźników nadwagi i otyłości stanowi istotny problem dla osób i polityki społecznej w krajach rozwiniętych. W niektórych krajach już ponad 50 proc. społeczeństwa ma problemy z nadmierną masą ciała. Dotychczasowa literatura podaje, że osoby zmagające się z nadwagą i otyłością są dyskryminowane w miejscu pracy. Badania wykazują, że osoby te są postrzegane jako mające mniejszy potencjał przywódczy, niższy iloraz inteligencji i skuteczność w porównaniu z osobami o normalnej wadze. Z tego też powodu osoby z nadmierną masą ciała są narażone na stygmatyzację i dyskryminację, mają mniejsze szanse na zatrudnienie na wyższych stanowiskach i niższe dochody. Artykuł pokazuje również, czy i jak osoby z nadwagą i otyłością mogą bronić swoich praw.

Background: Medical education is stressful throughout the whole course. Due to the medical curriculum and the examination pattern leads to psychological stress. Stressful condition leads to irregularity in diet, frequent fast food consumption & lack of exercise, each being considered as an important risk factor leading to overweight and obesity. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of obesity, overweight and weight awareness among the medical students. Objectives: Determination of BMI status of undergraduate medical students to evaluate their weight awareness, prevalence of overweight and obesity and also find out the relationship of the following risk factors with obesity & overweight; i) Opinion about self-image, ii) Physical activity and iii) Frequency of fast food consumption. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 131 preclinical medical students of Ad-din Akij Medical College, Khulna from January 2018 to April 2018. Height and weight of 131 preclinical students were measured and Body Mass Index was calculated and categorized according to WHO criteria. Results: Out of 131 students 62% come under normal weight category, 21% come under overweight category, 10% come under obese category and 7% come under underweight category. Conclusion: Overweight is a rising problem among the medical students. Sedentary life style and frequency of fast food consumption was high among the overweight and obese students. This study itself created awareness about their weight and promote physical activity among the medical students. Mediscope Vol. 7, No. 2: July 2020, Page 103-107

In children, arterial alterations occur with increased intima-media thickness as well as vascular diameter enlargement. Both conditions correlate with higher cardiovascular risk in adults, and both the array and proportion of these alterations are important hemodynamic parameters. In terms of functional adaptation processes, they influence several arterial wall properties as for example the shear and tensile stress of the vessel. There are no reference values for the vascular diameter and intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery in children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio and related tensile stress values in children and to further investigate the influence of sex, age, body mass index, and blood pressure. The parameters were measured with high-resolution semi-automated ultrasound. Sex- and age-dependent values were calculated with the LMS method for a cross-sectional sample of 642 healthy, non-obese children aged 8–17 years. The mean vascular diameter was 5.45 ± 0.46 mm; the median intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was 0.085 (0.079–0.092); the median tensile stress was 105.4 (95.2–116.4) kPa. The vascular diameter and the tensile stress were higher, and the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio was lower in boys than in girls. In comparison to the normal weight study population the excludedobese children had a significantly higher diameter, a lower intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and a higher tensile stress. In multiple regression analyses of diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress, all parameters were influenced by sex and body mass index. Furthermore, systolic and diastolic blood pressure significantly influenced the vascular diameter, and systolic blood pressure significantly influenced the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio. Conclusion: This study is the first to report values for the diameter, the intima-media thickness/diameter ratio of the carotid artery, and the related tensile stress allowing a more differentiated view of cardiovascular adaptations as it combines structural and functional vascular parameters. What is known:• Intima-media thickness and vascular diameter are related to a higher cardiovascular risk in adults• The intima-media thickness/diameter ratio gives information about hemodynamic and functional vessel adaptationWhat is new:• Values for vascular diameter, intima-media thickness/diameter ratio, and tensile stress of the carotid artery in children are presented in this study• Intima-media thickness as a surrogate marker for arterial health in children should be complemented by intima-media thickness/diameter ratio measurement

Quality of life (QoL) is an important aspect of health and well-being. QoL is reduced in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is limited data in adolescents. This review aimed to assess studies regarding the QoL of adolescent girls with PCOS. Five databases were searched for relevant studies. Studies were included if they were conducted in adolescent girls with PCOS, aged 12-22 years old, and used a questionnaire to measure QoL. The search identified a total of 254 studies, and after exclusions, 11 relevant studies were included in the review. Most studies had a relatively small sample size, but overall included a total of 512 adolescents with PCOS. In most cases, adolescent girls with PCOS have reduced QoL when compared to healthy girls, and PCOS symptoms/excess weight impact on their QoL. Further research is required due to limited data on QoL in adolescents with PCOS of normal weight.

Introducción: El índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) es un parámetro confiable usado para identificar categorías de peso, de allí su importancia en ciencias relacionadas con la salud, la actividad física y el deporte. Objetivo: Determinar el IMC en universitarios varones de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo. Métodos: Investigación descriptivo-analítica, bajo un muestreo aleatorio simple se selecciona una muestra representativa de estudiantes universitarios (581, género masculino) de la universidad mencionada, registrando 7 indicadores relacionados con IMC, siendo registrados por 15 especialistas certificados. Resultados: El 67% de los sujetos presentaron peso Normal, el 22% Sobrepeso, un 6% Bajo Peso, un 4% con Obesidad Tipo I, y el 1% con Obesidad Tipo II. Los valores en promedio determinaron una edad de 20 años, un peso de 64,92 Kg, una talla o estatura de 167 cm, un IMC de 23.21 Kg/m², un IMG de 21.03% y un IMM de 29.11 Kg. Conclusiones: Se cumplimenta el objetivo de la investigación, recomendándose incorporar un estudio similar en el género femenino.

Objectives The objectives of this study were to analyze ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) data in office normotensive obese children, to determine the prevalence and characteristics of masked hypertension (MH) and to investigate the impact of parental hypertension (PH) on ABP. Methods Seventy-nine obese and 35 normal weight children were enrolled. Each weight group was further divided in accordance with the presence of PH. ABP was recorded in an outpatient setting. Results Obese children had higher systolic ABP (p2=10.37; p=0.001). MH was diagnosed more frequently in obese with high-normal office BP compared with obese with normal office BP, although it did not reach statistical significance (50 vs. 26.2%; χ2=3.631; p=0.056). In the normal weight group, neither PH nor office BP category had an impact on the prevalence of MH. Conclusions Office normotensive obese children had higher ABP values. MH was associated with obesity, PH and high-normal BP.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between obesity and plasma adropin levels in two cohorts of children at two different ages. METHODS Adropin concentrations were measured in 71 prepubertal and 41 pubertal children with obesity and their age- and sex-matched normal weight counterparts (69 prepubertal and 42 pubertal children). Information was available in these children on insulin levels, lipid profile, and leptin levels. Adropin levels were measured by using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Plasma adropin levels were significantly higher (P

In most of the internationally recognized design codes, the design provisions for Light weight concrete (LWC) elements was developed based on modifying normal weight concrete (NWC) ones. With the many impressive advances in manufacturing of LWC including but not limited to adding fibers to the mix. And LWC structures are spread worldwide in various applications. Thus, design codes need a revisit based on actual testing of LWC beams. Since, experimental testing is essential to establish base for the verification of numerical models and updating the current design codes, this paper focused on investigating the behavior of lightweight Foamed concrete (LWFC) L-beams under combined loading. An experimental program was conducted, which included testing five L-beams. A numerical model was developed, which was implemented to model seventeen LWFC L-beams. The effect of the moment to shear-depth ratio (M/Vd), the torsion to shear-depth ratio (T/Vd), the flange width to web width ratio (B/b), and the transversal reinforcement ratio (ρw) was examined. For LWFC L-beams under combined loading with large moment-to-shear-depth ratio (M/Vd > 2), the following was observed: 1) The strength increased with the decrease of moment-to-shear-depth ratio, 2) Increasing torsion to shear-depth ratio by 67% was not effective, as the failure mode was governed by flexure. On the other hand, for the ones with small moment-to-shear-depth ratio (M/Vd ≤ 2), the following was observed: 1) increasing torsion to shear-depth ratio by 67%, decreased the failure load by 28% and changed failure mode from flexure failure to combined shear, and torsion failure; 2) the Concrete contributed significantly to the strength of beams. In addition, for LWFC L-beams under combined loading, the following remarks were observed : 1) Increasing the flange width 1.7 times lead to an increase in the failure load by 24%, which is insignificant, and 2) Using transversal reinforcement ratio above 1.2% changed the failure mode from ductile to brittle. The selected design code was found to be overly conservative, in particular cases of significant torsion and shear.

Objective: To assess the diagnostic variables of blood glucose level among students of basic medical Sciences of Delta State University, Abraka Nigeria.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional survey on a total of one hundred and ten (110) students of the Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Delta State University, Abraka was conducted. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the differences in the data collected.Results: The fasting blood glucose levels of 87.5% and 85% of the students had a normoglycemic level as indicated by the left and right thumb respectively. Also, a greater percentage (69.1%) of the students were between the age range 21 – 25. Furthermore, 72.7%, 76.4% and 64.5% of the students had normal weight, normal WHR and normal BP respectively.Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the diagnostic assessment of blood glucose level using either right or left thumb. Keywords: Fasting blood glucose, diabetes, diagnostic, Delta State, hypertension.

Objective: Women with overweight/obesity have significantly lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) at 6 weeks postpartum compared with women of normal weight. We sought to determine whether differences in Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) adherence, obstetric practices, or social support explain these weight-related EBF disparities. Methods: One hundred forty-two healthy women who intended EBF (61 normal weight, 50 overweight, and 31 obese by preconception body mass index [BMI]) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Obstetric data were collected and participants completed modified Infant Feeding Practices Study II surveys at 6 weeks postpartum. Results: Women with obesity were significantly less likely to undergo spontaneous labor and more likely to receive synthetic oxytocin and epidural anesthesia compared with women with overweight or normal weight. Women who were overweight were less likely to report extended family support for breastfeeding compared with women with obesity or normal weight; however, BFHI components and composite BFHI score did not differ by maternal BMI. Furthermore, regardless of BMI, women with greater adherence to BFHI practices were more likely to be EBF at 6 weeks postpartum (p-value

U OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the proportion of running-related knee injuries differed in normal-weight, overweight, and obese runners. U DESIGN: Comparative study. U METHODS: Data from 4 independent prospective studies were merged (2612 participants). The proportion of running-related knee injuries out of the total number of running-related injuries was calculated for normal-weight, overweight, and obese runners, respectively. The measure of association was absolute difference in proportion of running-related knee injuries with normal-weight runners as the reference group. U RESULTS: A total of 571 runners sustained a running-related injury (181 running-related knee injuries and 390 running-related injuries in other anatomical locations). The proportion of running-related knee injuries was 13% lower (95% confidence interval: –22%, –5%; P = .001) among overweight runners compared with normal-weight runners. Similarly, the proportion of running-related knee injuries was 12% lower (95% confidence interval: –23%, –1%; P = .042) among obese runners compared with normal-weight runners. U CONCLUSION: Overweight and obese runners had a lower proportion of running-related knee injuries than normal-weight runners.

Objective: The cardioprotective enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) suffers an important influence from genetic polymorphisms and nutritional factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diet, nutritional status, and the C(-107)T polymorphism on PON1 arylesterase activity in children. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 97 children, aged between 5 and 8 years, of both genders, from a pediatric outpatient clinic in southern Brazil. A sociodemographic, behavioral, and food consumption questionnaire was applied, and anthropometric measurements and laboratory blood samples were taken. PON1 arylesterase activity was measured by phenol extinction (U/mL), and DNA extraction and analysis of the PON1 C(-107)T polymorphism were performed. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested with the chi-squared test and linear regression was used to estimate PON1 activity according to four adjustment models, with an acceptable error of 5%. Results: In the sample, the male gender accounted for 50.5%, 39.2% were 6 years of age, 54.5% had normal weight, and 51.5% had PON1 activity below the median (90.0, 15-30 U/mL). Genotype frequency was 54.6% (53/97), 31.0% (30/97), and 14.4% (14/97), respectively, for CT, CC, and TT, consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p = 0.22). In the regression analysis, the model that included sociodemographic variables as well as frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes, dairy products, and beans estimated a variability of 14.8% in PON1 activity combined with the PON1 C(-107)T polymorphism. Conclusions: During childhood, a good-quality diet with greater inclusion of healthy foods was important to predict the activity of the cardioprotective enzyme PON1 combined with the C(-107)T polymorphism of the PON1 gene. Resumo Objetivo: A enzima cardioprotetora Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) sofre importante influência de polimorfismos genéticos e fatores nutricionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da alimentação, do estado nutricional e do polimorfismo C(-107)T sobre a atividade arilesterase da PON1 em crianças. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 97 crianças entre 5 e 8 anos, de ambos os sexos, de um ambulatório de pediatria no sul do Brasil. Realizou-se questionário sociodemográfico, de comportamento e de consumo alimentar, medidas antropométricas e coleta de sangue em laboratório. A atividade arilesterase da PON1 foi mensurada pela extinção de fenol (U/mL), realizada extração do DNA e análise do polimorfismo PON1 C(-107)T. O equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi testado com qui-quadrado e usada regressão linear para estimar a atividade da PON1 segundo quatro modelos de ajuste, erro aceitável de 5%. Resultados: Na amostra o sexo masculino representou 50,5%, 39,2% tinham 6 anos, 54,5% eram eutróficos e 51,5% tinha atividade da PON1 inferior à mediana (90,0;15-30 U/ml). A frequência dos genótipos foi 54,6% (53/97), 31,0% (30/97) e 14,4% (14/97), respectivamente, para CT, CC e TT, estiveram em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg (p = 0,22). Na análise de regressão o modelo que incluiu variáveis sociodemográficas, de frequência do consumo de frutas, verduras, legumes, laticínios e feijões estimou uma variabilidade de 14,8% na atividade da PON1 combinada ao polimorfismo PON1 C(-107)T. Conclusões: Na infância uma alimentação de boa qualidade, com maior participação de alimentos saudáveis foi importante para predizer a atividade da enzima cardioprotetora PON1 combinada ao polimorfismo C(-107)T do gene da PON1.

Background We investigated and compared the effect of the radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EM) emitted by a cell phone on the electrocardiogram and heart rate variability (HRV) of normotensive normal-weight and obese medical students. Method Twenty medical student volunteers, normal weight (age = 23 ± 2, BMI = 23.05 ± 1.72) or obese (age = 24 ± 2, BMI = 32.39 ± 4.78), were exposed to a cell phone (1) close to the heart in silent mode, no ringing or vibrating; (2) close to the heart in ring and vibration mode; (3) next to the ear (brain) while listening; and (4) next to the ear while listening and speaking. Results The average basal HR of obese students significantly increased, while the PR interval; time domains, including standard deviation (SD) of all normal R–R intervals (SDNN), mean of the SD of all normal R–R intervals (SDNNi), SD of the average of normal R–R intervals (SDANN), and percentage of R–R intervals at least 50 ms different from the previous interval (pNN50); and high-power frequency (HF) decreased. The LF/HF ratio also significantly increased. The SDNN, SDNNi, SDANN, pNN50, and HF levels significantly decreased and the LF/HF significantly increased in normal-weight and obese individuals only when the phone was near the apex of the heart in ring and vibration mode. All changes were more profound in obese students. Conclusion Keeping the phone in a chest pocket reduced the HRV of normal-weight and obese medical students and exaggerated the effect of obesity on sympathetic activation.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary choices are influenced by several factors including physiological, social, or genetic factors. Among these, flavor is the most important determinant modulating food preferences. The aim of the present study was to assess flavor identification abilities in patients with obesity (Ob) in comparison with matched normal weight (NW) and over-weight (OW) subjects using a specific and validated chemosensory test. METHODS AND RESULTS The flavor test was administered to 140 Ob patients recruited in the obesity outpatient Unit at the Federico II University hospital and to the same number of NW and OW subjects matched by sex, age, and smoking habit. Flavor score (FS) inversely correlated with BMI. Median [Q1; Q3] FS was significantly higher in NW (14.5 [12; 16]) than in Ob (13 [10; 15] p

Objective: To observe association of factors such as nutritional factors, physical activities and systemic factors with overweight and obesity among 25 to 60 years old women. Study Design: A quantitative household survey. Place and Duration: The survey was carried out in all ten towns of Lahore, Pakistan from 4th January 2016 to 4th May 2016. Methodology: The research investigated 3239 women (25 to 60 years of age) through multistage sampling technique; from which two neighboring localities were randomly selected; found 1106 women were overweight and 449 were obese whereas, 1684 females were normal weights who were excluded from the research study. Results: Factors were found significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Among nutritional factors such as fast food and snacks have p-value 0.000, whereas, daily food intakes have p-value 0.001. Physical activities such as housework activities have p-value 0.000; whereas, both regular exercise and time spent on TV/Computer per day have p-values 0.001. Systemic factors such as systemic diseases have p-value 0.001 whereas family history of overweight and obesity and women using medications both have p-value 0.000. Conclusion: The study concluded that overweight and obesity was positively associated with nutritional factors, physical activities and factors such as genetics, use of medications and systemic diseases among women 25-60 years.

University studies with its increased psychological demands on all students in comparison to secondary schooling causes changes in their eating habits. Moreover, university degree programmes with sports focus may also be associated with increased physical load of students. This work investigates students´ dietary habits at the Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic) using a questionnaire survey. 80 persons (45 men and 35 women) were randomly selected to participate in the survey. The average age of respondents was 20.18 years for men and 20.56 years for women. The average BMI was 24.48 for men and 22.01 for women. All subjects were found in the normal weight range according to BMI. The findings of the questionnaire survey showed that while men typically (49.8%) eat 5 times a day, most women consume (65.7%) 4 daily meals. Furthermore, the frequency of consumption of main meals, i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner, was examined. It is gratifying to find that most students - both men (66.7%) and women (65.7%) have breakfast daily, which is in agreement with nutritional recommendations. Lunch is considered the most important meal of the day. Lunch is also consumed by most respondents daily - the answers are the same as the answers to the previous question: 66.7% of men and 65.7% of women said that they have lunch daily. Concerning the consumption of dinners, most men (again 66.7%) have dinner daily, most women (34.3%) have dinner daily and the same number (34.3%) have dinner most days of the week, but not daily. Regarding the amount of fluids, most men (51.1%) reported that they drink 1.5-2 litres of fluids daily, while most women (66.7%) reported that they drink 2-3 litres of fluids daily. These results are related to the difficulty of various sport activities during the day.

Введение. Нарушения металлолигандного гомеостаза патогенетически связаны с развитием ожирения. Несмотря на то, что обмен железа при ожирении изучен достаточно детальноно, данные касающиеся обмена других металлов недостаточны. Цель исследования -- изучение содержания кобальта, железа, меди и марганца в сыворотке крови, моче и волосах пациентов с ожирением в зависимости от наличия у них артериальной гипертонии. Методика. Обследованы 395 лиц обоего пола: 196 с ожирением и 199 с нормальной массой тела. На основании данных амбулаторных карт среди обследуемых пациентов с ожирением артериальная гипертония была диагностирована у 43%, атеросклероз у 9% и нарушение толерантности к глюкозе и/или сахарный диабет 2 типа -- 11%. Анализ содержания кобальта (Co), железа (Fe), меди (Cu) и марганца (Mn) в волосах, сыворотке крови и моче проводили с использованием масс-спектрометра с индуктивно-связанной плазмой NexION 300D (PerkinElmer Inc., США) оснащенном ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., США). Калибровка ICP-DRC-MS системы проводилась с использованием растворов металлов, приготовленных на основе Universal Data Acquisition Standards Kit (PerkinElmer Inc., США). Внутренняя стандартизация проводилась с использованием растворов иттрия и родия 10 мг/л Pure Single-Element Standard (PerkinElmer Inc., США). Контроль качества проводился с использованием референтных образцов волос (GBW09101, SINR, Китай), сыворотки и мочи (ClinChek Plasma/Urine Control, Recipe, Германия). Результаты. Установлено, что в сыворотке крови пациентов с ожирением концентрация Co и Fe снижалась статистически значимо на 32% и 12% соответственно. Уровень Cu и Mn превышал соответствующие контрольные значения на 12% и 4%. Содержание Co, Cu и Mn в волосах обследуемых пациентов с ожирением было ниже контроля на 16%, 8% и 20%, соответственно. Отмечалось статистически значимое увеличение содержания железа в волосах на 55% по сравнению с контролем. Концентрация Co и Fe в моче пациентов с ожирением была соответственно ниже на 34% и выше на 25% относительно контрольных значений. При этом у пациентов с ожирением и гипертонией обнаруживалось статистически значимое повышение концентрации меди в сыворотке крови (на 9%), кобальта в моче (на 69%), а также содержания марганца в волосах (на 69%) по сравнению с соответствующими показателями у пациентов с ожирением без гипертонии. Заключение. Можно предположить, что дисбаланс металлов в организме вносит вклад в формирование ожирение-ассоциированных патологий, в том числе в развитие артериальной гипертензии. Background. Disorders of the metal-ligand homeostasis are pathogenetically associated with obesity. Although impaired iron metabolism in obesity is relatively well studied information about other essential metals is insufficient. Objective. The objective of the study was to assess serum, urine, and hair levels of cobalt, iron, copper, and manganese in obese subjects in relation to the presence of hypertension. Methods. 396 adults with obesity (n = 196) and normal weight (n = 199) were examined. Based on clinical records of the patients with obesity, 43% of them had arterial hypertension, 9% had atherosclerosis, and 11% had impaired glucose tolerance and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Measurements of hair, serum, and urinary levels of cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) were performed using a NexIOD 300D inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometer (PerkinElmer Inc., USA) equipped with an ESI SC-2 DX4 autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., USA). The ICP-DRC-MS system was calibrated with metal solutions prepared with a Universal Data Acquisition Standards Kit (PerkinElmer Inc., USA). Pure Single-Element Standard yttrium and rhodium solutions (10 mg/l) (PerkinElmer Inc., USA) were used as internal standards. Reference samples of hair (GBW09101, SINR, China), serum, and urine (ClinChek Plasma/Urine Control, Recipe, Germany) were used for quality control. Results. Serum levels of Co and Fe were statistically significantly 32% and 12%, respectively, lower in obese patients than in normal-weight controls. Serum concentrations of Cu and Mn in obese patients exceeded the control values by 12% and 4%, respectively. Hair contents of Co, Cu, and Mn in obese subjects were 16%, 8%, and 20%, respectively, lower as compared to the respective control values. Hair Fe in obesity was 55% elevated compared to normal-weight values. Urinary Co and Fe in obese subjects were 34% lower and 25% higher, respectively, than in healthy controls. At the same time, patients with obesity and hypertension had elevated serum Cu, urinary Co, and hair Mn compared to obese normotensive subjects. Conclusion. The impaired metal homeostasis may contribute to the development of obesity-associated disorders including hypertension.

Excess abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. VAT is mainly measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), yet dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is more affordable and available. The purpose was to compare adolescent VAT values obtained by MRI and DXA. A sample of 330 adolescents 10–16 years of age were recruited (52.3% female, 58.5% White). Abdominal VAT was measured using a General Electric (GE) Discovery MRI scanner with imaging software. A whole-body DXA (GE iDXA) scan was performed, and software calculated VAT within the android region. Wilcoxon signed-rank t-tests were used to determine differences between VAT values, within sex, race (White, African American, and Other race), and BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, and obese). VAT values from MRI and DXA were significantly correlated (r = 0.78, p

Introduction. Given the significant levels of pediatric excess weight worldwide, we sought to identify the prevalence of abnormally high BP levels (based on auscultatory measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring – ABPM) in a cohort of excess weight children compared to normal weight controls and to analyze the effect of weight loss on BP measurements in the excess weight group. Method. 46 excess weight children and 28 normal weight controls underwent clinical examination, routine blood tests and lipid profile, 12-lead ECG, ABPM and echocardiography. For the excess weight group lifestyle advice was provided and children were subsequently followed up for 12 months. Results. The auscultatory method yielded high rates of arterial hypertension (HTN) (50-58% in the study group and 22-33% in the control group). There was a statistically significant difference in HTN prevalence between the two groups regardless of the standard used to define it. BMI-for-age correlated positively with HTN. The corresponding BP category was generally higher when applying the Unites States guideline. There was a prevalence of HTN of 14.3% in the study group and 4% in the control group according to ABPM results (t (51)= 1.274, p= 0.208, C.I. [-0.06, 0.26]). 48.3% of excess weight children and 56% of controls were non-dippers. There was no significant association between dipping status and ABPM-confirmed hypertension. 64% of excess weight participants exhibited dipping status variability. There was a small, but statistically significant improvement of BMI-for-age within the excess weight group over the follow-up period. There was however no significant drop in HTN levels. HTN prevalence remained much lower when diagnosed by means of ABPM (16.7%) than by manual measurements (42.9%). Discussion. There was a surprisingly high prevalence of arterial hypertension based on manual measurements, mainly driven by high systolic BP values. The numbers decreased significantly after ABPM-based reclassification. Another unexpected find was the high proportion of non-dippers in both groups, which could be partially explained by fragmented, poor quality sleep during monitoring. Conclusions. We found an unexpectedly high prevalence of increased BP levels for age when using manual, in-office measurements only. Ambulatory BP monitoring with pediatric approved devices has proved extremely useful in refining the diagnosis and should thus be employed for confirmation if available. There was an increased prevalence of hypertension in the excess weight group and BMI-for-age correlated positively with BP values. We were unable to demonstrate a reduction in BP levels with improved nutritional status, however we believe this may be achieved with an adequately sized cohort and more stringent lifestyle intervention.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the associations of overweight and obesity (ov/ob) and changes in weight status with academic performance among Chinese adolescents. METHODS Self-reported weight and height were collected from adolescents (n = 10,279) each year from seventh grade (baseline, 2013-2014) to ninth grade (2015-2016). Academic performance included standardized scores on math, Chinese, and English examinations and responses to a school-life experience scale. RESULTS All adolescents with ov/ob had lower academic performance than their counterparts without overweight (β = -0.46 to -0.08; P

Background The prevalence and correlates of job and insurance problems were examined among a cohort of young U.S. breast cancer survivors during the first 18-months following diagnosis. Methods Participants were 708 women diagnosed at ≤45 years with stage I-III breast cancer. 90% were non-Hispanic white, 76% were married/partnered and 67% had ≥4-year college degree. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression examined the associations between demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors with job and insurance problems. Results 18-months after diagnosis, 56% of participants worked full-time, 16% part-time, 18% were homemakers and/or students, 4.5% were unemployed, and 2.4% were disabled. The majority (86%) had private insurance. Job-related problems were reported by 40% of women, and included believing they could not change jobs for fear of losing health insurance (35.0%), being fired (2.3%), and being demoted, denied promotion or denied wage increases (7.8%). Greater job-related problems were associated with being overweight vs. under/normal weight (p = 0.006), income p = 0.01), and working full-time vs. part-time (p = 0.003). Insurance problems were reported by 27% of women, and included being denied health insurance (2.6%), health insurance increases (4.3%), being denied health benefit payments (14.8%) or denied life insurance (11.4%). Insurance problems were associated with being under/normal weight vs. obese (p = 0.01), not being on hormone therapy (p 5 cm vs. p = 0.01). Conclusions Young survivors experienced significant job- and insurance-related issues following diagnosis. To the extent possible, work and insurance concerns should be addressed prior to treatment to inform work expectations and avoid unnecessary insurance difficulties.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation is a known risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Efficient imaging modalities are necessary to quantify VAT. The study assessed the agreement between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and single-slice computed tomography (CT) for abdominal fat quantification in mixed-ancestry South African women, and determined if this differed by body mass index (BMI) categories. VAT and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were measured using single-slice CT and DXA in 132 women aged 55 (45–64) years. Participants were categorised as normal weight (BMI

WOS:000543352900003 Objective: The prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity is increasing in most developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the metacarpal bone morphology in normal-weight, overweight and obese adolescent subjects at different pubertal stages. Materials and Methods: This radiographic study was performed in 124 subjects at different pubertal stages. The subjects were divided into three groups based on body mass index percentile: normal-weight, overweight and obese. The second and fourth metacarpal bone cortical thickness, width and metacarpal index (MCI) were measured on left hand-wrist radiographs. Results: The values of the second and fourth metacarpal bone cortical thickness and width were significantly different among the groups. The second metacarpal bone MCI was significantly different among the groups. Moreover, the values of the second and fourth metacarpal bone cortical thickness, width and MCI in obese and overweight subjects were greater than those in normal-weight subjects. The values of the second and fourth metacarpal bone cortical thickness and width were significantly different in subjects before and after their pubertal growth peak period. Conclusion: The metacarpal bone parameter in overweight and obese adolescent subjects was significantly greater than that in normal-weight subjects. Amaç: Gelişmiş ülkelerde çocuk ve adölesanlarda aşırı kilo ve obezite prevalansı artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, farklı pubertal dönemlerde normal kilolu, aşırı kilolu ve obez adölesanlarda metakarpal kemik morfolojisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu radyografik çalışmaya, farklı pubertal aşamalarda 124 birey dahil edildi. Olgular vücut kitle indeksi yüzdesine göre normal kilolu, fazla kilolu ve obez bireyler olmak üzere üç gruba ayrıldı. Sol el-bilek radyografilerinde ikinci ve dördüncü metakarpal kemiklerde kortikal kalınlık, genişlik ve metakarpal indeks (MKİ) ölçümleri yapıldı. Bulgular: İkinci ve dördüncü metakarpal kemiklerde kortikal kalınlık ve genişlik gruplar arasında anlamlı olarak farklı bulundu. Gruplar arasında ikinci metakarpal kemik MKİ’de anlamlı bir fark tespit edildi. İkinci ve dördüncü metakarpal kemiğin kortikal kalınlığı, genişliği ve MKİ değerleri obez ve fazla kilolu bireylerde, normal kilolu bireylere göre daha yüksekti. Pubertal büyüme atılımı öncesi ve sonrasında ikinci ve dördüncü metakarpal kemiğin kortikal kalınlık ve genişlik değerlerinde anlamlı farklılıklar bulundu. Sonuç: Aşırı kilolu ve obez adolesan bireylerde, normal kilolu bireylere göre anlamlı derecede daha yüksek metakarpal kemik parametresi bulunmaktadır.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine if oral health, obesity, and demographic factors have an impact on self-esteem among school-going children in United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods: Ten schools (six private and four public) were selected using random digit table. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth index according to the World Health Organization criteria was used to assess dental caries. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI = weight [kg]/height [m2]). Data related to demographic details and toothbrushing were collected and entered into assessment forms. The mental well-being was assessed using Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Results: Self-esteem score was 19.8 (standard deviation [SD], ±3.8) mean, and ranged from 19.1 to 20.5. The presence or absence of dental caries or their body shape (obesity/overweight/normal weight) had no impact on the self-esteem scores. Of the participants, 93% brushed daily, whereas the brushing frequency was significantly greater in female children (98%) (P < 0.001) and children with higher self-esteem scores (P = 0.066). The self-esteem scores of school children was positively associated with age as elder children had higher scores (P = 0.001). Children of Indian origin had lower self-esteem (P = 0.004). BMI was negatively associated (P = 0.006). Conclusion: Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale scores were found to be lower in young children and Indian children. The child’s obesity and dental caries status had no significant influence on their self-esteem. High self-esteem in older children can be linked with increased toothbrushing frequency.

Objective A subset of normal-weight individuals appears predisposed to obesity-related cardiometabolic abnormalities. Studies of this metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) phenotype in youth are scarce. We aimed to identify early environmental and genetic factors associated with MONW in children. Methods Overall, 1475 normal-weight Chinese children aged 6–18 were recruited from the Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome study cohort. Birthweight, childhood lifestyle, socio-economic factors, and 20 genetic variants previously shown to be associated with BMI or glucose metabolism in East Asian adults were examined for their association with the MONW phenotype. MONW was defined by exhibiting any metabolic syndrome component. Results After adjusting for covariates including BMI, low birthweight and low levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income, as well as CDKAL1 rs2206734 genotype were independent predictors of the MONW phenotype (all P Pinteraction = 0.0008). Among high (>75th percentile) birthweight individuals, each C allele at this locus was associated with a 62% reduced risk of MONW (OR = 0.38; 95% CI = 0.26-0.58; P = 5.71 × 10−6), while no such genetic associations were found in intermediate or low birthweight individuals (P > 0.1). This CDKAL1-MONW relationship in high birthweight individuals was especially strong in the presence of favorable childhood environmental factors (high levels of physical activity, fruit consumption, parental education and household income) (Pinteraction = 0.013). Conclusions Our findings provided the novel evidence that early environment (especially birthweight) and genetics, along with their interaction with one another, play important roles in predicting the MONW phenotype among children.

Objetivos: Conocer la prevalencia de la adicción a la comida de acuerdo a la edad, sexo e índice de masa corporal,y determinar la asociación entre la adicción a la comida y el estado nutricional en adolescentes del norte de México. Método: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal, realizado durante agosto y septiembre de 2018. La población se conformó por 630 adolescentes estudiantes de 15 a 17 años de edad, de una preparatoria pública en Nuevo León, México, a los que se les realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se empleó el cuestionario Yale Food Addiction Scale.Resultados: Una muestra de 245 adolescentes, predominando el sexo femenino (53,1%), con una edad media de 15,83 años, la media de índice de masa corporal fue de 23,18 kg/mt2 (S = 3,74) en hombres y 24,57 kg/mt2 (S = 4,00) en mujeres. El 87,8% de los adolescentes presentó positivo el criterio “deseo frustrado de parar el consumo”, el 36,3% la tolerancia, y el 34,3% el consumo a pesar de las consecuencias. El 20,7% de los adolescentes con sobrepeso presentan adicción a la comida. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los adolescentes presentan peso normal, las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal mayor que el de los hombres, menos de la mitad de los participantes presenta adicción a la comida predominando los criterios positivos en mujeres, adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso, obesidad y de mayor edad. No se encontró asociación entre adicción a la comida y estado nutricional. ABSTRACT: Objective: To know the prevalence of food addiction according to age, sex, and body mass index and to determine the association between food addiction and nutritional status in adolescents from northern México. Method: Cross-sectional study with a descriptive and correlational design, carried out during August and September 2018; the study population was comprised by 630 adolescents, students, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age, from a public high school in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the Yale Food Addiction Scale questionnaire was used. Results: A sample of 245 adolescents predominantly female (53.1%), with a mean age of 15.83 years; mean body mass index was 23.18 kg/mt2 (S = 3.74) in males and 24.57 kg/mt2 (S = 4.00) in females; 87.8% of adolescents showed positive to the frustrated desire to stop consumption criterion, 36.3% tolerance, and 34.3% consumption despite the consequences; 20.7% of overweight adolescents showed food addiction. Conclusions: The majority of adolescents showed normal weight, while women showed a body mass index (BMI) higher than men; less than half of the participants had food addiction; positive criteria prevailed in women, and adolescents with overweight and obesity, and older. No association was found between food addiction and nutritional status.

There is scant information regarding the role of interleukin (IL)-6 in obesity-related metabolic dysfunction in humans. Thus, we studied the serum levels of IL-6 in normal weight, overweight, and obese subjects, and examined associations of IL-6 with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and systemic inflammation. One hundred three women and men were included in the study. Anthropometric parameters, blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a 2.5-fold significant decrease in serum IL-6 in overweight and obese individuals when compared with normal weight controls. Serum IL-6 exhibited significant inverse correlations with body mass index (

Objective This study aimed to examine whether honey and propolis Trigona can reduce the level of leptin in central obesity human. Methods It was a quasi-experimental study, population and sample were central obesity and normal weight as control. Sample size was 30 participants taken using purposive sampling. Results Intervention as long as 14 days make an increased level of leptin as many as 97.076 pg/ml in control group and decreasing respectively 171.803 pg/ml and 245.293 pg/ml in honey and propolis intervention group, both significant statistically. The dose of honey given was 105 mg/days divided into 3 packs, and each pack contains 35 mg. The dose of propolis was 60 mg/days and divided into 3 capsules, each of it contains 20 mg. Intervention as long as 14 days and leptin levels examined using human ELISA Kit three times, that is before intervention, 7 days after the intervention and 14 days after intervention. Conclusion Honey and propolis Trigona has the ability to decrease leptin level of central obesity participants. These honey bee products are potential to be a dietary supplement for central obesity patients.

Background Food advertising is a major contributor to obesity, and fast food (FF) restaurants are top advertisers. Research on the impact of food advertising in adolescents is lacking and no prior research has investigated neural predictors of food intake in adolescents. Neural systems implicated in reward could be key to understanding how food advertising drives food intake. Objectives To investigate how neural responses to both unhealthy and healthier FF commercials predict food intake in adolescents. Methods A cross-sectional sample of 171 adolescents (aged 13-16 y) who ranged from normal weight to obese completed an fMRI paradigm where they viewed unhealthy and healthier FF and nonfood commercials. Adolescents then consumed a meal in a simulated FF restaurant where foods of varying nutritional profiles (unhealthy compared with healthier) were available. Results Greater neural activation in reward-related regions (nucleus accumbens, r = 0.29; caudate nucleus, r = 0.27) to unhealthy FF commercials predicted greater total food intake. Greater responses to healthier FF relative to nonfood commercials in regions associated with reward (i.e., nucleus accumbens, r = 0.24), memory (i.e., hippocampus, r = 0.32), and sensorimotor processes (i.e., anterior cerebellum, r = 0.33) predicted greater total food and unhealthier food intake, but not healthier food intake. Lower activation in neural regions associated with visual attention and salience (e.g., precuneus, r = -0.35) to unhealthy relative to healthier FF commercials predicted healthier food intake. Conclusions These findings suggest that FF commercials contribute to overeating in adolescents through reward mechanisms. The addition of healthier commercials from FF restaurants is unlikely to encourage healthier food intake, but interventions that reduce the ability of unhealthy FF commercials to capture attention could be beneficial. However, an overall reduction in the amount of FF commercials exposure for adolescents is likely to be the most effective approach.

It is uncertain how serum uric acid (SUA) associated with all-cause mortality among people with normal weight, hence was explored in this study.We enrolled participants from 1999 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) that had mortality status through 31 December 2015. We estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazard models, and propensity score analyses were performed. We also performed restricted cubic splines to demonstrate the nonlinear relationship, and used subgroup analysis to examine the effect modification.We enrolled 6169 participants (2905 men and 3264 women, mean age 42.3 ± 21.4 years) and 1060 (17.2%) cases of all-cause mortality occurred during the mean follow-up of 11.9 years. When using the lowest quartile of SUA as referent, the multivariable HRs for all-cause mortality increased in not parallel with the quartiles of SUA (HRs were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.68, 1.23), 1.10 (95%CI: 0.82, 1.47), and 1.08 (95%CI: 0.80, 1.45) from the second to the fourth quartiles, respectively. When treating SUA as continuous variable, the HRs for all-cause mortality were 1.07 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.15; P = 0.046), 1.03 (95%CI: 0.94, 1.12; P = 0.518) and 1.15 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.31; P = 0.032) in all population, male and female subjects, respectively. Elevated SUA was associated with all-cause mortality and the propensity scores analysis showed the similar results. Subgroup analysis showed SUA was an independent risk of all-cause mortality in female (HR1.17, 95%CI: 1.05, 1.31, P = 0.005), people aged60 years (HR1.18, 95%CI: 1.03, 1.35, P = 0.018), non-diabetic population (HR1.10, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.18, P = 0.017) and people with eGFR90 (HR1.10, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.19, P = 0.016). Smoothing spline plots suggested the optimal SUA for the lowest risk of all-cause mortality was approximately 4.7 mg/dl.In normal-weight population, SUA was seemed to be a U-shaped relationship with all-cause mortality.

BACKGROUND Maternal weight gain during pregnancy plays very important role in the outcomes of pregnancy. The study aims to show the relation between gestational weight gain in women with normal prepregnant weight and foetal as well as maternal complications during delivery. METHODS Healthy women (n= 300) with normal weight before pregnancy (body mass index 19.5-25.5 Kg/m2 ) were randomly selected. Maternity records gave information on age, parity, education, height, prepregnant weight, gestational weight gain, smoking, gestational hypertension, diabetes, preeclampsia, mode of delivery, delivery complications, neonatal birth weight etc. Chi square and one-way ANOVA were used in the univariate analysis of the association between gestational weight gain and adverse outcomes (low birth weight, IUGR, preterm labor, preeclampsia, cesarean). Multiple logistic regression analysis was also used, while controlling the following factors: age, parity and education. RESULTS The mean weight gain in pregnancy was 9.89 ± 2.68 Kg. (mean ± standard deviation). The mean birth weight was 2.94 ± 0.94 Kg. (mean ± standard deviation). A low weight gain (≤7.5 Kg) in pregnancy was highly associated with increased incidence of low birth weight baby (p12 Kg) was significantly associated with increased incidence of preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and foetal macrosomia (p

Ketogenic diets (KDs) have received increasing attention among athletes and physically active individuals. However, the question as to whether and how the diet could benefit this healthy cohort remains unclear.