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A doença renal atinge cerca de 10% da população, uma alta incidência, que mostra a relevância em investimentos para minimizá-los. Para diminuir suas consequências, alguns pacientes necessitam de hemodiálise e até mesmo transplante. A Síndrome Hemolítica Urêmica, uma doença autoimune em que há clivagem crônica do complemento, com produção de C5a e complexo MAC que depositam no endotélio capilar renal causando esclerose nos vasos e fibrose renal, pode ser reativada após o transplante e assim destruirá o novo rim. Contudo, com o surgimento do Eculizumab, um anticorpo monoclonal, mudou-se o prognóstico dessa síndrome. Este artigo tem como objetivo explicar os mecanismos de ação do eculizumab, enfatizando estudos relativos à sua eficácia terapêutica e cuidados à serem tomados. Esse artigo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa, com uma revisão sistemática de literatura, na qual foram analisados 45 documentos, e selecionados 13 os publicados a partir de 2004, sendo eliminados os artigos com poucas evidências científicas, estudos com viés. Um estudo foi feito por ZUBER et. Al. em 2012, demonstrou-se eficácia em todos os pacientes na prevenção à SHU. Como conclusão evidenciou-se que o Eculizumab é eficaz na prevenção da SHU.

La traduction est couramment définie comme une opération qui relie deux cultures nationales monolingues. Mais qu’en est-il des traductions produites au sein de cultures nationales ou régionales plurilingues comme le Canada, la Belgique, la Suisse ou les Caraïbes ? Peut-on encore arguer à leur propos de « sources » et de « cibles » ou de relations de « symétrie » et d’« équivalence », sachant que les cultures diglossiques ou pluriglossiques instaurent plutôt des inégalités entre les langues et les littératures ? Si les cartographies qui représentent l’espace culturel ont longtemps cherché à minorer ou à occulter ces inégalités, il s’impose de reconsidérer la nature des relations intraculturelles à mesure que les cultures se reconnaissent de plus en plus ouvertement comme plurilingues. Les notions de frontière (linguistique) et d’espace (national) y sont aujourd’hui mises à mal, en faveur d’une hybridation des langues dont la traduction se ressent à son tour. Cet ouvrage réunit des contributions théoriques, historiques et analytiques sur les traductions dans les cultures plurilingues. Il s’attache plus précisément à la période qui va de la naissance des idéologies monolingues au XIXe siècle à leur questionnement radical à partir de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle.

1. Introduction A multiple-language community can be reduced to a single-language community, without losing its multi-faced nature. My essay is an attempt at following two cases where popular novels helped transcend language and culture frontiers. In a proposed journey in time the popular novel will be revealed as opening a circle and closing it, serving two opposing tendencies, first enhancing Zionist ideology, then undermining its very foundation. The popular novel, trivial as it may be, ha...

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most popular refreshments globally. Coffee lipid diversity has untapped potential for improving coffee marketability because lipids contribute significantly to both the health benefits and cup quality of coffee. However, there have not been extensive studies of lipids of C. canephora genotypes. In this study, Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) profiling of lipid molecules was performed for 30 genotypes consisting of 15 cultivated and 15 conserved genotypes of C. canephora in Southwestern Nigeria. We identified nine classes of lipids in the 30 genotypes which belong to the ‘Niaouli’, ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ group: among these, the most abundant lipid class was the triacylglycerols, followed by the fatty acyls group. Although ‘Niaouli’ diverged from the ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ genotypes when their lipid profiles were compared, there was greater similarity in their lipid composition by multivariate analysis, compared to that observed when their primary metabolites and especially their secondary metabolite profiles were examined. However, distinctions could be made among genotypes. Members of the fatty acyls group had the greatest power to discriminate among genotypes, however, lipids that were low in abundance e.g. a cholesterol ester (20:3), and phosphotidylethanolamine (34:0) were also helpful to understand the relationships among C. canephora genotypes. The lipid diversity identified among the C. canephora genotypes examined correlated with their overall Single Nucleotide Polymorphism diversity assessed by genotype-by-sequencing, supporting the relevance of this study to coffee cup quality improvement.

Coffee (Coffea spp.) is one of the most popular refreshing beverages globally. Coffee lipid diversity has untapped potential for improving coffee marketability because lipids contribute significantly to both the health benefits and cup quality of coffee. However, in spite of its potential importance, there have not been extensive studies of lipids among C. canephora genotypes. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) profiling of lipid molecules was performed for 30 genotypes consisting of 15 cultivated and 15 conserved genotypes of C. canephora in Southwestern Nigeria. We identified nine classes of lipids in the 30 genotypes which belong to the ‘Niaouli’, ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ group: among these, the most abundant lipid class was the triacylglycerols, followed by the fatty acyls group. Although ‘Niaouli’ diverged from the ‘Kouillou’ and ‘Java Robusta’ genotypes when their lipid profiles were compared, there was greater similarity in their lipid composition by multivariate analysis, compared to that observed when their primary metabolites and especially their secondary metabolite profiles were examined. However, distinctions could be made among genotypes. Members of the fatty acyls group had the greatest power to discriminate among genotypes, however, lipids that were low in abundance e.g. a cholesterol ester (20:3), and phosphotidylethanolamine (34:0) were also helpful to understand the relationships among C. canephora genotypes. The divergent lipid profiles identified among the C. canephora genotypes, correlated with their Single Nucleotide Polymorphism grouping as assessed by genotype-by-sequencing, and will be exploited to improve coffee cup quality.

Gender and ageism as mirrored in illustrations of grandmothers in Hebrew children’s books (1930-2020), shed light on the Israeli reality, which shows the world’s portrayal of grandmothers as sometimes empowering and sometimes discriminatory. This article draws from the fields of the visual arts, gender studies, sociology, and culture, and emphasizes the power of illustration in children’s literature as an activistic tool for changing social and familial awareness among young receivers. The grandmother (and, recently, also the grandfather) is a popular character in children’s literature. The article will present models which shape the consciousness of children’s book illustrators regarding old age with the aid of many visual examples. This article will enable deeper understanding of the gender-based messages and effects of visual interpretation. This study can serve as a tool for educators and parents, to help children develop critical, independent, and value-based thinking. The article concludes that in today’s books, grandmothers appear more connected to advanced technology than ever. The illustrators of today’s children’s books connect with the model of the new grandmother and draw her wearing jeans and without wrinkles. In parallel, we also see traditionally-portrayed grandmothers in certain illustrations in recent books, from a post-feminist, rather than stereotypical, approach.

This article examines the importance of reading books and parents reading books to their children, and attempts to grapple with the following questions: Is it possible to use various mediation methods in the preschool to increase the consumption of books by young children from families of low socioeconomic status? Will literacy activity in the preschool library among a population of low socioeconomic status, raise parental awareness of the importance of reading books and how it contributes to the children? How can we encourage parents to read to their young children among a population from a low socioeconomic background? The experimental study was carried out among three populations of kindergarten children, who describe themselves as traditional Jews, and live in neighborhoods of economic distress in Israel – in Acco, Tirat Hacarmel, and Netanya. Each preschool has 35 children, age 5-6. Most children come from a relatively low socioeconomic background, from low income families, with many having various emotional, language, and cognitive difficulties. The intervention program included many and varied activities and was aimed at encouraging the children to exchange books in the preschool library so they would have them read to them at home, and encouraging the parents to read to their children. As a result of the intervention program, the level of interest in books grew among both children and parents. They gradually began to read more and more books, and their interest level and exposure significantly increased.

The Dreyfus Affair took place in the fall of 1894, when secret documents sent by a French officer to the attache of the German embassy in Paris fell into the hands of the French intelligence services. Based on some similarity in the handwriting, and apparently also because of anti-Jewish prejudice, the intelligence service heads suspected Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French army. The court unanimously found Dreyfus guilty of treason, and he was sentenced to be stripped of his rank and to life imprisonment. The purpose of this article is to reflect the literary expression of the Dreyfus Affair in Ladino literature. The article will discuss several genres of literature in Ladino about the Dreyfus Affair during different periods: two historical novels, two plays, and a newspaper article, while examining the correspondence between the different compositions.

Social involvement in teacher training programs is, in practicality, the very core of preparation for later educational work. Education means an added value beyond transfer of knowledge and endless attempts at nurturing people to treat both themselves and others better; to develop on an individual and social level; to operate with shared values, and share in a human reality broader than individual interests. The encounter with human distress and pain is an inseparable and essential part of every person who is or will be involved in a social or communal role – teaching, education, therapy, medicine, or public administration. This encounter creates the motivation, or even obligation, within us, to act to change reality. The goal of this article is to describe a volunteering program that operates to train educators – student pre-school teachers – at the Shaanan College, and demonstrate its contribution to the training itself.

Childbirth can be a traumatic experience on the female body. Some techniques may be implemented to make the process smoother and decrease the potential lacerations that can occur. Episiotomies have been used by obstetricians and midwives to help make the fetal decent down the vaginal canal less turbulent. A physician must use his best judgment on when it is necessary to make this incision and what form of incision to make. Before making an incision one must understand the female external and internal anatomy and thoroughly comprehend the stages of birth to understand how and what complications can occur. Even though an episiotomy is a minor incision, it is still a surgical incision nonetheless and as with any form of surgery there are both risks and benefits that are to be considered. Nevertheless, episiotomies have proven to help ease births that are complicated by shoulder dystocia, prevent severe lacerations, and decrease the second stage of labor. The following comprehensive review provides a description of the female anatomy, as well as an extensive description of why, when, and how an episiotomy is done. Clin. Anat. 30:362-372, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Conjoined twins are suggested to result from aberrant embryogenesis. The two main theories proposed to explain the phenomena are fission and fusion. The incidence rate is 1 in 50,000 births; however, since about 60% of the cases are stillborn, the true incidence is approximated at 1 in 200,000. There is a higher predisposition towards female than male gender with a ratio of 3:1. Conjoined twins are classified based upon the site of attachment. The extent of organ sharing, especially the heart, determines the possibility and prognosis of a separation procedure. Meticulous preoperative evaluation, planning, and preparedness of the team are crucial for a successful separation. Separation of conjoined twins poses several technical, legal, and ethical issues. Clin. Anat. 30:385-396, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.