Search

This paper concerns the application aspect of the two-dimensional (2-D) LMS adaptive filter in image processing. It is a recent research interest to extend some successful adaptive filtering techniques to the 2-D case. The LMS adaptive filter (1) has drawn attention because of its simplicity, which is significant in 2-D applications. On the basis of analyzing the strong points and weakness of the 2-D LMS adaptive filter in image processing, an adaptive scheme is proposed whereby a local-mean estimation substructure is incorporated to overcome the problem of the 2-D LMS adaptive filter in dealing with signals having a nonzero mean with, especially, abrupt variations (edges), which is a typical feature of practical images. The advantages of this scheme over the direct use of the 2-D LMS are considered. As a direct application, this scheme is used for adaptive cancellation of an artifact disturbance in an image. An implementation method of the local-mean estimation substructure with the edge-preserving property is introduced. With this local-mean estimator, the proposed scheme is applied for enhancement of images disturbed by wide-band noises. All of the application examples presented in this paper illustrate some useful specialties of the 2-D LMS adaptive filter in image processing and the improved performance of the proposed scheme.

Objective: This study aimed to improve the flavor of Cantonese sausage and innovate the product. Methods: The volatile flavor compounds in the Cantonese sausages containing sauce-flavor Baijiu air-dried for 0 day, 2 days and 4 days were detected by GC-MS, and the changes of volatile flavor compounds were analyzed by multivariate statistics. Results: A total of 39 volatile flavor compounds were detected through GC-MS technology, including 18 hydrocarbons, 12 esters, 2 aldehydes, 2 ethers, 1 alcohol, 1 acid, 1 ketone and 2 other compounds. Esters, aldehydes, alcohols and hydrocarbons significantly increased during air-drying, while ketones and ethers showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing during air-drying. The acids did not change significantly during air-drying. Five different flavor substances were identified through VIP values, which could be served as potential biomarkers for distinguishing sausages with different air-drying times. Six key flavor components were screened through OAV. Ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl butyrate were common key flavor components in three groups of sausages, and their content significantly increased during air-drying. Conclusion: Adding sauce-flavor Baijiu can increase the types and contents of volatile flavor compounds in Cantonese sausage and promote the formation of new flavor compounds.

Flexible estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects lies at the heart of many statistical applications, such as personalized medicine and optimal resource allocation. In this article we develop a general class of two-step algorithms for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation in observational studies. First, we estimate marginal effects and treatment propensities to form an objective function that isolates the causal component of the signal. Then, we optimize this data-adaptive objective function. The proposed approach has several advantages over existing methods. From a practical perspective, our method is flexible and easy to use: in both steps, any loss-minimization method can be employed, such as penalized regression, deep neural networks, or boosting; moreover, these methods can be fine-tuned by cross-validation. Meanwhile, in the case of penalized kernel regression, we show that our method has a quasi-oracle property. Even when the pilot estimates for marginal effects and treatment propensities are not particularly accurate, we achieve the same error bounds as an oracle with prior knowledge of these two nuisance components. We implement variants of our approach based on penalized regression, kernel ridge regression, and boosting in a variety of simulation set-ups, and observe promising performance relative to existing baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Candida albicans ( C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen in humans and possesses a white-opaque heritable switching system. Wor1 is a master regulator of white-opaque switching and is essential for opaque cell formation in C. albicans. However, the regulatory network of Wor1 in white-opaque switching is still vague. In this study, we obtain a series of Wor1-interacting proteins using LexA-Wor1 as bait. Among these proteins, function unknown now 30 (Fun30) interacts with Wor1 in vitro and in vivo. Fun30 expression is upregulated in opaque cells at the transcriptional and protein levels. Loss of FUN30 attenuates white-to-opaque switching, while ectopic expression of FUN30 significantly increases white-to-opaque switching in an ATPase activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, FUN30 upregulation is dependent on CO 2; loss of FLO8, a key CO 2-sensing transcriptional regulator, abolishes FUN30 upregulation. Interestingly, deletion of FUN30 affects the WOR1 expression regulation feedback loop. Thus, our results indicate that the chromatin remodeller Fun30 interacts with Wor1 and is required for WOR1 expression and opaque cell formation.

Ning Xia,1 Hao Wang,2 Yu Chen,1 Xiao-Jun Fan,1 Xiu-Hong Nie1 1Department of Respiratory Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiu-Hong Nie, Department of Respiratory Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18611876008, Email xiuhongnie@outlook.comObjective: We aimed to explore the relationship of sleep efficiency (SE) with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients based on polysomnography (PSG) records.Methods: We studied 2360 patients with OSA and 764 primary snorers who underwent PSG in our hospital. SE was divided into three grades, including ≥ 85%, 80%~84.9%, and < 80%. Hypertension was defined based either on direct blood pressure measurements, under anti-hypertensive treatments or on physician diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to investigate the association between SE and hypertension.Results: After adjusting for potential confounding factors, OSA patients with < 80% SE and those with 80% to 84.9% SE were significantly associated with the prevalence of hypertension (OR = 1.248, 95% CI 1.018~1.531, P=0.033; OR = 1.380, 95% CI 1.040~1.832, P=0.026). Compared to primary snorers, OSA combined with < 85% SE increased the odds of hypertension. In stratified analysis by SE, risk of hypertension only in those with < 80% SE was significantly different between OSA and primary snorers. Furthermore, this relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients. No significant relationship between reduced SE and hypertension was found in primary snores group.Conclusion: We found that poor SE was correlated with the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese OSA patients, but not in those with primary snoring. Moreover, this relationship was evident especially in female, younger ages, obese, moderate and severe OSA patients.Keywords: sleep efficiency, hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, polysomnography

The effects of CNT content on the mechanical properties of CNTs/AMMCs, including the tensile strength, yield strength, compressive strength, stress–strain curve behavior, elastic modulus, hardness, creep, and fatigue behavior, were revealed. CNTs/AMMCs have broad application prospects in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and other fields. Influence of the concentration of CNTs on mechanical characteristics of AMMCs.

C16H12ClFO5, monclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 14.7536(6) Å, b = 7.8281(3) Å, c = 14.0501(7) Å, β = 111.174(5)° $111.174(5){}^{\circ}$ , V = 1513.13(12) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0367, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0865, T = 296(2) K.

The geological model plays an important role in geophysics and engineering geology. The data source of geological modeling comes from interpretation data, borehole data, and outcrop data. Due to economic and technical limitations, it is impossible to obtain highly accurate and high-density data sources. The sparsity and inaccuracy of data sources lead to the uncertainty in geological models. Unlike the problem of probability, there is not enough samples for a geological model. Spatial diffusion model and merging model are introduced, which are more satisfied with the cognition of uncertainty than the existing methods. And then, using conditional information entropy, a quantification method of geological uncertainty, is proposed. Compared with the approaches of information entropy, this method took full account of the constraints of geological laws. Based on the uncertainty models and conditional information entropy, a framework of uncertainty assessment in geological models is established. It is not necessary in our framework to create multiple geological models, which is a time-consuming and laborious task. The application of Hashan survey located at north of China shows that the method and framework of this study are reasonable and effective.

In order to solve the problem of low connection strength between elastic skin and honeycomb sandwich of composite flexible skin for variant aircraft, a “two-step bonding” connection scheme is proposed. Firstly, the polyurethane fiber cloth and honeycomb are bonded by epoxy resin structural adhesive, then the silicone rubber sheet and the spandex fiber cloth are bonded by the silicone rubber adhesive, and the manufacturing method is given. Finally, “two-step bonding” experimental piece and “direct bonding” experimental piece were prepared respectively, and the bonding strength experiment and comparative analysis were carried out, The results show that the bonding strength of the “two-step bonding” experimental piece is five times that of the “direct bonding” experimental piece.

To enhance the health detection capability of the semi-flexible plate nozzle in a supersonic wind tunnel, a large-deflection deformation reconstruction algorithm for a semi-flexible plate nozzle based on the strain-moment relationship is developed. The multi-jack semi-flexible plate nozzle in the supersonic wind tunnel is studied; its mechanical model of contour assembly is established. The differential equation of flexible plate contour curve is deduced, and the elliptic integral expression of the flexible plate deformation is given. Based on the deformation theory of a rectangular thin plate, the deformation reconstruction algorithm is modified, and its correction effect is simulated and analysed with the finite element method. The maximum deviation after correction is only 10.78% compared with that before correction. The 0.3 m semi-flexible plate nozzle is used as the experimental platform to carry out the experimental study. The experimental results show that under the 6 Mach number, the large-deflection deformation reconstruction results based on strain-moment relationship are in good agreement with the experimental results. The coordinate deviation of the nozzle throat position is about 6.12% compared with the structural deformation, thus verifying that the deformation reconstruction algorithm in this paper is effective and accurate.

We use femtosecond time-resolved optical reflectivity to study the photoexcited quasiparticle (QP) dynamics in the iron-based 112 type superconducting (SC) samples Ca0.82La0.18Fe1 – xNixAs2, with x = 0 and 0.024. In the parent sample, a fast and a slow relaxation emerge at temperatures below the magnetic-structure (MS) transition Tms ≈ 50 K and the SC transition Tc ≈ 33 K, respectively. The latter obviously corresponds to an SC QP dynamics, which is further confirmed in the x = 0.024 sample with Tc ≈ 25 K. The former suggests that a partial of photoexcited QP relaxation through a pesudogap (PG) channel, which is absent in the doped x = 0.024 sample without the MS transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[C10H11N2+, PF6−], triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 8.9854(3) Å, b = 9.1004(3) Å, c = 9.2312(3) Å, α = 66.667(3)°, β = 74.875(3)°, γ = 74.024(3)°, V = 656.40(4) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0513, wRref(F2) = 0.1515, T = 296(2) K.

The temperature stability of vertical Bloch lines in the domain walls of three kinds of hard domains in uncompressed states is investigated experimentally. It is found that there exist three critical temperature ranges in which vertical Bloch lines are unstable for each kind of hard domain, i.e., [T[sub 0][sup 1],(T[sub 0])[sub OHB]] for ordinary hard bubbles (OHBs), [T[sub 0][sup 1],(T[sub 0])[sub ID]] for the first kind of dumbbells (IDs), and [T[sub 0][sup 1],(T[sub 0])[sub IID]] for the second kind of dumbbells (IIDs). Here T[sub 0][sup 1] is the initial critical temperatures in which vertical Bloch lines, in the walls of ordinary hard bubbles, the first kind of dumbbells and the second kind of dumbbells, are annihilated, while (T[sub 0])[sub OHB], (T[sub 0])[sub ID], and (T[sub 0])[sub IID] are the final critical temperatures at which vertical Bloch lines in their corresponding hard domains annihilate completely. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt (Co) nanocrystalline thin films consisting of Co nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix were directly synthesized at ambient temperature by codeposition of Co and carbon using high vacuum dual electron-beam evaporation. In the as-deposited films, Co was identified to have a cubic ε-Co structure (with a controllable particle size). After annealing at 360°C for 2 h, the Co NCs with a particle size of 5 nm in the as-deposited film were transformed into hexagonal α-Co (8 nm in size), whereas, the as-deposited Co NCs of 3 nm in size had a tendency to coalesce and interconnect to each other, forming a face-centered-cubic β-Co network. While the ε-Co NCs of 3 nm in size showed superparamagnetism at room temperature, the ε-Co NCs of 5 nm in size exhibited a ferromagnetic state due to coupling interaction or local interparticle connections. The saturation magnetization and coercivity substantially increased after annealing compared to the as-deposited films due to coarsening of Co NCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We mainly study the dimension-free Lp{L}^{p}-inequality of the truncated maximal operator Mnaf(x)=supt>01∣Ba1∣∫Ba1f(x−ty)dy,{M}_{n}^{a}f\left(x)=\mathop{\sup }\limits_{t\gt 0}\frac{1}{| {B}_{a}^{1}| }\left|\mathop{\int }\limits_{{B}_{a}^{1}}f\left(x-ty){\rm{d}}y\hspace{-0.25em}\right|, where Ba1={x:a≤∣x∣≤1}{B}_{a}^{1}=\left\{x:a\le | x| \le 1\right\}. When 0≤an/(n−1)p\gt n\hspace{0.1em}\text{/}\hspace{0.1em}\left(n-1). When a=1a=1, we prove that ‖Mn1‖Lp(Rn)≤C(p)‖f‖Lp(Rn)\Vert {M}_{n}^{1}{\Vert }_{{L}^{p}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})}\le C\left(p)\Vert f{\Vert }_{{L}^{p}\left({{\mathbb{R}}}^{n})} for p≥2p\ge 2.

Natural language video localization(NLVL),which aims to locate a target moment from a video that semantically corresponds to a text query,is a novel and challenging task.Different from the task of temporal action localization,NLVL is more flexible without restrictions from predefined action categories.Meanwhile,NLVL is more challenging since it requires align semantic information from both visual and textual modalities.Besides,how to obtain the final timestamp from the alignment relationship is also a tough task.This paper first proposes the pipeline of NLVL,and then categorizes them into supervised and weakly-supervised methods according to whether there is supervised information,following by the analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each kind of method.Subsequently,the dataset,evaluation protocols and the general performance analysis are presented.Finally,the possible perspectives are obtained by summarizing the existing methods.

Abstract Background Due to the detrimental effects of chemical preservatives, there has been an increasing demand for safer, healthier and natural bio-preservatives. Bacteriocins have attracted increasing interest because of their potential as natural bio-preservatives. Results We screened a large number of Bacillus thuringiensis strains and isolated one strain (B. thuringiensis P86) with antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogens. Three novel leaderless bacteriocins, including thucin A1, thucin A2 and thucin A3, were purified and identified from the culture supernatant of B. thuringiensis P86, whose molecular masses were 5552.02, 5578.07 and 5609.06 Da, respectively. Thucin A1 was then selected as a representative to be tested, and it exhibited potent inhibitory activity against all tested gram-positive bacteria. More importantly, thucin A1 showed stronger antimicrobial activity than nisin A against two important foodborne pathogens Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes. In addition, thucin A1 exhibited strong acid–base adaptability (pH 2–11), high endurance to heat, good stability to trypsin and pepsin, no hemolysis activity and cytotoxicity, and could effectively inhibit or eliminate Bacillus cereus and Listeria monocytogenes in skim milk. Conclusions Our findings indicate that these novel leaderless bacteriocins are potentially promising food biopreservatives.

ObjectiveTo explore the application value of critical view dissection guided by Rouvieres sulcus in laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC）. MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 232 patients received LC in Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from August 2018 to July 2020. Patients underwent critical view dissection guided by Rouvieres sulcus were served as study group（n=141）, and patients underwent traditional anatomical dissection as control group （n=91）. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, the number of drains, bile duct injury and laparoscopy converted to laparotomy, the time of first postoperative feeding and exhaust, the number of postoperative infections, the time of discharge were compared between two groups. ResultsCompared with the control group, the study group had shorter operation time ［（50.07±5.91）min vs（60.48±13.30）min, t=8.14, P＜0.05］, lower intraoperative bleeding ［（13.42±7.93）mL vs （25.02±21.17）mL, t=5.90, P＜0.05］, lower placement drainage rate, bile duct injury rate, postoperative infection rate, and earlier postoperative feeding, exhaust, and discharge time, with statistically significant differences （P＜0.05）. ConclusionCompared with traditional anatomical dissection method, critical view dissection guided by Rouvieres sulcus in LC can shorten surgical time, reduce intraoperative blood loss, reduce the probability of bile duct injury, and accelerate postoperative recovery, which is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Low sensitivity, low roundoff noise and freedom from overflow oscillations are often the most desired properties in the realization of recursive digital filters. If a is a pole of a given transfer function, the complex first-order transfer function square root of 1 - absolute value of a square/(z - a) represents a basic building block in various favorable realizations. In this brief, the realization of this basic building block and its properties are investigated. It is shown that the structure is automatically scaled (normalized) and that it is a minimum norm structure (MNS) possessing e.g., the low-sensitivity and low-noise properties. So the structure is referred to as the normalized MNS. An elegant noise analysis of this structure is also given. As a direct application of the normalized MNS, a simple method is given to derive efficient structures for second-order filters. A particular second-order structure is suggested for the very low sensitivity realization of classical filters.

In the operation of secondary circuits for power generation, a substantial number of various types of switching components are utilized. The primary types of secondary switching components employed include time relays, intermediate relays, auxiliary switches, and limit switches. These components occupy critical positions in the secondary circuit, where failures can easily lead to accidents affecting the safety of power generation. The testing institutions of power generation enterprises face challenges such as inadequate capabilities for component verification and testing, resulting in uncontrollable component performance. This paper discusses the necessary aspects of detecting secondary switching components, explores detection methods, and addresses the lack of self-inspection schemes for enterprises in conducting secondary switching component detection.