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We have examined the effect of different bath temperatures on residual stress of both the random-oriented Cu films and the highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned Cu films by synchrotron radiation x-ray measurements. The bath temperature varied from 15°C to 40°C. The results indicate that the average residual stress in the highly (111)-oriented nanotwinned films is higher than that in the randomly oriented Cu films. However, the stress in the highly (111)-oriented Cu decreases with increasing bath temperature. The average residual stress can be reduced from 253 MPa electroplated at 15°C to 95 MPa under a bath temperature of 35°C. We could successfully tune and measure residual stress of the Cu thin films. The films with low residual stress prevent warpage from occurring on the substrate and lower the processing failure in copper direct bonding and other processes that need alignment.

Data on characteristics of phytoplankton communities is important scientific information in marine ecosystem, especially in assessment of environmental impacts on biodiversity in a specific waters. In the present study, two-year phytoplankton data was analyzed for species diversity, community structure changes and variation in 4 adjacent waters: Lower Thu Bon river (TB), transition waters (CT), Cu Lao Cham island (CLC) and offshore site (BM) to provide basic scientific data of phytoplankton communities, compare and assess seasonal changes and possible linkage of these adjacent waters. A total of 364 phytoplankton taxa of 12 classes were identified, showing high diversity and with seasonal variation of the investigated waters. There was strong difference of phytoplankton communities among the adjacent waters with low similarity index and the change of dominant species seasonally in each area. The species richness and diversity in the lower Thu Bon river were lower than in other areas. Variation of phytoplankton abundance and diversity along the river transect showed changes in species composition between the dry and rainy seasons but with similar trend in abundance. The low community similarity between the adjacent waters and the transition waters may indicate low impacts of river flow on phytoplankton communities in the coastal waters.

We applied Simmons–Balluffi methods, positron measurements, and neutron diffraction to estimate the vacancy of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys (HEAs) using Cu as a benchmark. The corresponding formation enthalpies and associated entropies of the HEAs and Cu were calculated. The vacancy-dependent effective free volumes in both CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi alloys are greater than those in Cu, implying the easier formation of vacancies by lattice structure relaxation of HEAs at elevated temperatures. Spatially resolved synchrotron X-ray measurements revealed different characteristics of CoCrFeNi and CoCrFeMnNi HEAs subjected to quasi-equilibrium conditions at high temperatures. Element-dependent behavior revealed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping indicates the effect of Mn on the Cantor Alloy.

This article presents the results of research, design, fabrication and application of a remote driver drowsiness system. Basing on the basic characteristics of drowsiness detection, the algorithms and software that combine the identification of features have been developed to quickly solve the problem of interference, poor lighting. Particularly training the machine according to the characteristics of the driver (face shape, nose, ears, blink time...) have made. Built on a microprocessor board that connects to external cameras, infrared LEDs, GPS / GPRS, etc., it allows on-site warnings and transmits to the monitoring center. The system allows to detect drowsiness of the driver with less than 1.5 seconds and reliability of over 90%.

Seaweed and seagrass form marine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), which plays an essential role in economic development and ecological protection in coastal areas. In this study, PlanetScope (PS )imaging data was combined with in situ samplings to demonstrate their ability to map SAV distribution in An Chan commune, Tuy An district, Phu Yen province, Central Vietnam. Thanks to data pre-processing by Lyzenga’s algorithm and the masking in PS image allow us to remove partly the signals of spectral noises from sun glint effect as well as other random noises. The analysis and accuracy assessment of SAV classification by four different techniques: DII, enhanced DII, BRI and enhanced BRI were alternately performed. The overall accuracy in the accuracy assessment of SAV classification by the above techniques were alternately 83.33%, 88.58%, 86.17%, and 92.52% respectively. Kappa coefficients in the accuracy assessment of SAV classification by the above techniques were alternately 0.77, 0.84, 0.81 and 0.90 respectively. The results of SAV classification by enhanced BRI technique provided the best accuracies and will be chosen for assessing the distribution of Submerge Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) canopies in An Chan coastal waters from PS satellite image. The seagrass beds in An Chan is spread along the coast as well as lie close to the coast of islets. Whereas, the seaweed meadows lie in deeper waters and in the foot of the reefs in 3–4m deep. The total seagrass area in An Chan region was approximately 12.22 ha, with 10.93 ha seagrasses in My Quang, 1.18 ha in Hon Chua and 0.11 ha in Hon Dua. The total seaweed area in An Chan region was approximately 50.32 ha, with 20.20 ha seaweed meadows in My Quang, 22.8 ha in Hon Chua, 5.72 ha in Hon Dua and a small part of 1.60 ha in underwater small reefs.

An equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy under hydrostatic compression is investigated using in-situ angular-dispersive X-ray diffraction to explore the polymorphism in high entropy alloy systems. The metallic system is of face-centered-cubic structure at ambient condition and applied hydrostatic pressures up to 20 GPa via diamond anvil cell. The angle-resolved diffraction-intensity evolutions of multiple diffraction peaks were collected simultaneously to elucidate the phase stability examinations. The phase transformation from face-centered-cubic to hexagonal-close-packed structure was evidently observed in CoCrFeMnNi alloy accompanied by a deviatoric strain subjected to the hydrostatic compression. We found lattice-asymmetric crossover before and after the phase transformation subjected to hydrostatic compression surroundings. Deviatoric strain triggers fcc-hcp phase transformation as local heterogeneity-driven lattice distortion is significant for CoCrFeMnNi alloy.

In the present work, the tensile properties of 15–5 PH steel fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were examined with respect to the transient austenite phase. Compared with the 8%-transient-phase sample, the 18%-transient-phase one shows higher ultimate tensile strength and relatively low yield strength, as well as hardening behavior. We conducted in-situ neutron-diffraction study to examine the microstructure evolution for mechanistic understanding. After applying the external load, most non-equilibrium, retained austenite in the 8%-transient-phase sample transforms before the yield strength, whereas in the 18%-transient-phase sample only 50% of the austenite transforms. Accompanying with the phase transformation, a decrease in the dislocation density and the dislocation strain energy-assisted phase transformation of the ferrite phase are found in the 8%-transient-phase sample even before yielding, which, however, is not the case in the 18%-transient-phase sample. The study demonstrates the SLM enables tuning the amount of transient-phase ratio and coherency between phases to realize a mechanical property control for additive manufactured steel.

Long term success of metallic fusion cages depends on mechanobiological processes through the bone incorporation and rich osseointegration. An optimal configuration of porous titanium-aluminum-vanadium (Ti 6Al 4V) implant fabricated via the additive manufacturing was evaluated in complimentary structure examinations to investigate the growth of autologous osseous at multi-length scales. X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) using newly-built analysis method indicate the porous Ti 6Al 4V is much better for bone ingrowth compared to commercially non-porous titanium (Ti) and porous tantalum (Ta) implants at the ultramicrostructural level. The evolution of bone formation and remodeling acquired by nano X-ray Laue diffraction mapping exhibits the isotropic orientation and low crystallinity of all newly formed bone whereas mature bone in Ti 6Al 4V discloses the preferential alignment and higher crystallinity volumes of constituent hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallites. The high degree in mineral crystallinity of the fully mature bone suggests additive manufactured Ti 6Al 4V pores enhance the collagen-regulated mineralization.

This paper reports the fabrication of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by silver (Ag) metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method. N-type Si (100) wafers, doped with phosphorus with the resistivity from 1 ÷ 10 Ω×cm, were selected for sample preparation. Ag particles of about 30 nm in diameter, which were used as the catalytic metal, were aggregated on the surface of the Si wafer immersed in HF (4.6 M) and AgNO3 solution, with the variation concentration of 15–35 mM, for one minute. Consequently, the Si wafers covered with Ag particles were etched in HF (4.8 M) and H2O2 (0.4 M) solution for the formation of vertically aligned SiNWs. We found that the size and density of SiNWs decreased with the increase of AgNO3 concentration. After a delay time of about 30–40 min, the SiNWs growth depended linearly on the etching time. The light emission from the prepared SiNWs observed at room temperature was well resolved with two bands at around 450 nm (~ 2.75 eV) and 700 nm (~ 1.77 eV). The origins of the two emission bands and the comparative aspects are presented and discussed.

In water supply systems, one of the most important factors is corrosion of pipelines from steel and cast-iron pipes, an increase in pressure losses, which reduces water flow and increases energy consumption. Excessive corrosion intensity is determined by

Kappaphycus striatus is growing in some central coastal provinces as a source of carrageenan extract. It is mainly propagated in the form of vegetative reproduction and sporulation. However, this method still has some limitations. At present, there is no report on the micropropagation of this species through callus induction. In this study, effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) (Naphthalene acetic acid [NAA] and 6-bezyl amino purine [BAP]), intensity of light and concentration of agar on callus induction derived from branches of Kappaphycus striatus maintaned in laboratory for 1 month were tested. After 2 month culture, the results showed that branches of Kappaphycus striatus cultured on PES (Provasoli enriched seawater) medium (without PGRs) gave the best callus induction rate (75.7%) and survival rate (77.3%) compared to those on PES medium supplemented PGRs. The optimal conditions for callus induction were PES solidified medium supplemented with 1.5 – 2.0% agar in 5 µmol.m-2.s-1 of light intensities. Callus induction rates (66.7% – 67%), survival rate (63.7% – 64.3%) of explants from branches incubating on PES medium with 1.5 – 2.0% agar were higher than differrent agar concentrations. Callus induction rates (67%), survival rate (77.7%) of explants from branches incubating on PES medium under 5 µmol.m-2.s-1 were higher than differrent light intensities. The results showed that there were three different types of calluses observed namely white filamentous callus, brown filamentous callus and compact callus. These calli that were big and had filamentous type, will be a good material for the next production stage of embryonic callus production and seedling regeneration from micropropagules.

We demonstrated the design of pre-additive manufacturing microalloying elements in tuning the microstructure of iron (Fe)-based alloys for their tunable mechanical properties. We tailored the microalloying stoichiometry of the feedstock to control the grain sizes of the metallic alloy systems. Two specific microalloying stoichiometries were reported, namely biodegradable iron powder with 99.5% purity (BDFe) and that with 98.5% (BDFe-Mo). Compared with the BDFe, the BDFe-Mo powder was found to have lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) value and better oxidation resistance during consecutive heating and cooling cycles. The selective laser melting (SLM)-built BDFe-Mo exhibited high ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 1200 MPa and fair elongation of 13.5%, while the SLM-built BDFe alloy revealed a much lower UTS of 495 MPa and a relatively better elongation of 17.5%, indicating the strength enhancement compared with the other biodegradable systems. Such an enhanced mechanical behavior in the BDFe-Mo was assigned to the dominant mechanism of ferrite grain refinement coupled with precipitate strengthening. Our findings suggest the tunability of outstanding strength-ductility combination by tailoring the pre-additive manufacturing microalloying elements with their proper concentrations.

The reported work was focused on sol–gel-derived organically modified and fluorinated silica coatings deposited on elastic polymeric foil. The structure and topography of the coatings were tested by infrared spectroscopy and microscopic studies. The functional properties were determined using thermal analysis, surface analysis, and oxygen permeability tests. The barrier feature of the investigated materials against oxygen was correlated with the properties of the coatings. The hybrid (organic–inorganic) structure of the coatings was proven, demonstrating the presence of a silica network modified with alkyl and fluoroalkyl groups since precursors with the isooctyl group or different lengths of the fluoroalkyl chains were used for the syntheses. The coatings were free of defects and had a smooth surface except for the sample containing the longest fluoroalkyl chain (perfluorododecyl group), which showed a wrinkle-like surface. The hydrophobic character of the coatings increased, whereas the oxygen permeation coefficient values decreased (reaching a fourfold lower coefficient in comparison to the bare substrate) with a higher content of the fluorinated carbon atoms in the structure. The results were enriched by the information from the thermomechanical analysis as well as nanoindentation and scratch tests giving values of the glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficient, coatings adhesion, and hardness of the investigated systems.

Studies on dinoflagellate cysts provide important knowledge on the ecology of dinoflagellates and harmful algal blooms (HABs). In this study, distribution and abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from 17 stations at Van Phong Bay were analyzed. There were 55 different types of cysts representing 3 orders and 18 genera, and 8 unidentified cyst types recorded. Peridiniales was the most diverse order with 29 cyst types, including 20 Protoperidinium cyst types. There were 10 cyst types of 7 potential toxic dinoflagellate species and 4 of bloom forming species found, indicating a potential risk of harmful algal blooms in Van Phong Bay. Number of cyst types and density ranged from 12 to 31 types and from 115 to 3,760 per gram of dry weight sediment, respectively. Cysts of Leonella granifera were dominant at stations in the mouth of the Bay, while Scrippsiella trochoidea cysts dominated at all stations. Shannon diversity index (H') was low, varying from 1.192.72. There were two distinct cyst assemblages identified with 40% Bray-Curtis similarity, assemblage I with 2 stations (VP09 and VP10), and assemblage II with the other stations.

The use of recycled materials helps investors to save significantly on production costs, not only from raw material extraction cost but also in the production process. Especially, recycling waste materials helps reducing energy, fuel, and labor costs. Besides, the transportation of recycled materials is also less expensive than the transportation of raw materials. The workload involved in the recycling of materials is minimal but with economic and technical efficiency. Autoclaved aerated concrete (ACC - Autoclaved aerated concrete) has been widely applied in construction works in Vietnam and is considered a reasonable replacement of fired bricks due to lower volume density, and better soundproofing - insulation. The main materials used to make AAC concrete include ground quartz sand, cement, lime, gypsum, aluminum powder, and some other technological additives. However, due to the depletion of natural sand, the partial or complete replacement of natural sand in AAC concrete production plays an important signification. In this study, the AAC waste after the autoclaving process was reused to replace the ground natural sand. The research results show that the AAC waste bricks could be reused with a content of up to 25% to replace the natural sand in AAC fabrication. The main properties of products such as compressive strength, bulk volume density, and drying shrinkage meet the technical requirements of ASTM C1693.

Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) is considered to be a new development of concrete technology with excellent workability, high compressive strength, toughness, and long durability, etc. These characteristics are achieved by the synthetic application of strength enhancements such as the use of mineral additives, optimum particle distribution and especially the use of fiber reinforcement which greatly enhances flexural strength and toughness for the UHPC. In this paper, the influence of basalt fiber content on some properties of UHPC such as workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, elastic modulus and shrinkage were investigated. The results of this paper show that use of basalt fiber with reasonable content will not affect the workability of the concrete mixture while increasing the flexural strength, compressive strength, and elastic modulus of the UHPC. The compressive strength of concrete reaches over 120 MPa, flexural strength is over 10 MPa. UHPC sample using 1.5% fiber content will give the highest compressive and flexural strength values, this value increased about 8.5% compared to the control sample without fibers.

Twelve novel analogs of STAT3 inhibitor BP-1-102 were designed and synthesised with the aim to modify hydrophobic fragments of the molecules that are important for interaction with the STAT3 SH2 domain. The cytotoxic activity of the reference and novel compounds was evaluated using several human and two mouse cancer cell lines. BP-1-102 and its two analogs emerged as effective cytotoxic agents and were further tested in additional six human and two murine cancer cell lines, in all of which they manifested the cytotoxic effect in a micromolar range. Reference compound S3I-201.1066 was found ineffective in all tested cell lines, in contrast to formerly published data. The ability of selected BP-1-102 analogs to induce apoptosis and inhibition of STAT3 receptor-mediated phosphorylation was confirmed. The structure–activity relationship confirmed a demand for two hydrophobic substituents, i.e. the pentafluorophenyl moiety and another spatially bulky moiety, for effective cytotoxic activity and STAT3 inhibition.

In integrated optics, optical waveguides are fundamental elements for the development of integrated devices, including light sources, modulators, detectors, optical pathways, receivers and switches. For the fabrication of optical integrated waveguide components, grating couplers or other complex integrated structures realized on planar optical waveguides, materials with high photorefractivity are surely of great interest since they allow applying photorefractive direct-laser-writing techniques which are of lower cost and less time-consuming than conventional photolithography and etching processes. This chapter provides an overview of classes of photorefractive materials such as photorefractive glasses, glass-ceramics, crystals and polymers, which are promising candidates for integrated optics. Different aspects, including material preparation, photorefractivity investigation and the fabrication of photorefractive direct-laser-written micro/nano-optical structures such as channel waveguides and gratings in each type of photorefractive materials, are also discussed.

BackgroundThe risk factors for scrub typhus in Vietnam remain unknown. Scrub typhus caused byOrientia tsutsugamushioften presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness and remains under appreciated due to the limited availability of diagnostic tests. This tropical rickettsial illness is increasingly recognized as an important cause of non-malaria acute undifferentiated fever in Asia. This study aimed to investigate behavioural and ecological related risk factors of scrub typhus to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease in Vietnam.MethodsWe conducted a clinical hospital-based active surveillance study, and a retrospective residence-enrolment date-age-matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam, from August 2018 to March 2020. Clinical examinations, polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM tests were applied to define cases and controls. All enrolled participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic socio-economic status, personal behaviors/protective equipment, habitat connections, land use, and possible exposure to the vector. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to define the scrub typhus associated risk factors.ResultsWe identified 44 confirmed cases and matched them with 152 controls. Among cases and controls, the largest age group was the 41–50 years old and males accounted for 61.4% and 42.8%, respectively. There were similarities in demographic characteristics between the two groups, with the exception of occupation. Several factors were significantly associated with acquisition of scrub typhus, including sitting/laying directly on household floor [adjustedOR(aOR) = 4.9, 95%CI:1.6–15.1,P = 0.006], household with poor sanitation/conditions (aOR = 7.9, 95%CI:1.9–32.9,P = 0.005), workplace environment with risk (aOR = 3.0, 95%CI:1.2–7.6,P = 0.020), always observing mice around home (aOR = 3.7, 95%CI:1.4–9.9,P = 0.008), and use of personal protective equipment in the field (aOR = 0.4, 95%CI:0.1–1.1,P = 0.076).ConclusionsEcological and household hygiene-related factors were more associated with scrub typhus infection, than individual-level exposure activities in the hyper-endemic area. These findings support local education and allow people to protect themselves from scrub typhus, especially in areas with limitations in diagnostic capacity.Graphical abstract

In this chapter, we highlight some basic aspects and applications of doped glasses in integrated optics. First, we will briefly summarize the role of rare-earth (RE) ions in integrated optics, reporting some consolidated results presented in the literature as well as some new results concerning the photon management exploited for the luminescence-enhancement mechanisms. Few lines are also assigned to recall the use of the Judd-Ofelt theory in the determination of the spectroscopic parameters, crucial for the design of more novel and efficient photonic devices based on rare earth-doped (RED) glasses. The second section is devoted to the novel and exciting topic of transparent glass ceramics. First, we introduce this kind of materials and we focus the attention of the reader on their important optical, structural, andspectroscopic properties. Of particular interest is the role of tin-dioxide-based glass ceramics as effective sensitizers of the RE ions luminescence. Novel spectroscopic results regarding the Er3+-activated SiO2-SnO2 system are also presented with a discussion about the different possible structures of integrated optics. The different kinds of nanoceramics operating in luminescence quantum yield enhancement are shortly discussed. The differences between the top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques are presented, as well as some well-consolidated results about the transparent glass ceramics doped with RE ions. In this regard, it is worthy to note the results obtained in a hybrid glass-ceramic fabricated employing an amorphous matrix SiO2-HfO2 loaded by nanoparticles of lithium lanthanum tetraphosphates doped with different concentration of Eu3+ ions. Finally, we conclude the chapter with the perspectives of glass materials for integrated optics.

Recently, problems related to the supply chain have attracted the attention of logistic companies and various researchers. The attractiveness of the supply chain lies not only in the optimization of conventional administration costs, but also in its legality, transparency and trust. The article describes how to implement a bidding system. This bidding system is used to select carriers for e-commerce sites. Blockchain’s smart contract with its transparency and precision can help improving cost efficiency for existing supply chains.

Twelve novel analogs of STAT3 inhibitor BP-1-102 were designed and synthesised with the aim to modify hydrophobic fragments of the molecules that are important for interaction with the STAT3 SH2 domain. The cytotoxic activity of the reference and novel compounds was evaluated using several human and two mouse cancer cell lines. BP-1-102 and its two analogs emerged as effective cytotoxic agents and were further tested in additional six human and two murine cancer cell lines, in all of which they manifested the cytotoxic effect in a micromolar range. Reference compound S3I-201.1066 was found ineffective in all tested cell lines, in contrast to formerly published data. The ability of selected BP-1-102 analogs to induce apoptosis and inhibition of STAT3 receptor-mediated phosphorylation was confirmed. The structure–activity relationship confirmed a demand for two hydrophobic substituents, i.e. the pentafluorophenyl moiety and another spatially bulky moiety, for effective cytotoxic activity and STAT3 inhibition.

The new Industry 4.0 envisions a future for agile and effective integration of the physical operational technologies (OT) and the cyber information technologies (IT) as well as autonomous cooperation among them. However, the wide variety and heterogeneity of industrial systems and field devices -especially on the factory floor - increase integration complexity. To address these challenges, new technologies and concepts such as the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Service-oriented Architecture (SoA), Semantic Technologies, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence are being introduced to the industrial environment. In this paper, we focus on how industrial automation systems and field devices can be integrated into the IIoT framework and coordinated to adapt to dynamic operating environment. Specifically, this paper proposed an interoperability solution that makes use of SoA and Semantic Technologies to achieve supervised coordination of IIoT application systems. To illustrate the potential of this approach, the Service-oriented Architecture-based Arrowhead Framework is used as the fundamental framework for the implementation of the approach.

This work presents state of the art rare-earth activated SnO2 nanocrystals - based transparent glass-ceramics. With combined enhancements in both photorefractivity and rare-earth photoluminescence, the glass-ceramic has unique benefits as a lasing material. It exhibits high photorefractivity with UV induced refractive index modifications in the order of 10-3. Exploiting its high photorefractivity, optical gratings are fabricated on the glass-ceramic under an energy-efficient direct UV writing process. Furthermore, SnO2 semiconductor nanocrystals are also employed as efficient rare-earth sensitizers enhancing drastically the rare-earth photoluminescence.

Looking for upconverting biocompatible nanoparticles, we have prepared by the sol–gel method, silica–calcia glass nanopowders doped with different concentration of Tm3+ and Yb3+ ions (Tm3+ from 0.15 mol% up to 0.5 mol% and Yb3+ from 1 mol% up to 4 mol%) and characterized their structure, morphology, and optical properties. X-ray diffraction patterns indicated an amorphous phase of the silica-based glass with partial crystallization of samples with a higher content of lanthanides ions. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that the average size of particles decreased with increasing lanthanides content. The upconversion (UC) emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes were registered under near infrared excitation (980 nm) at room temperature to study the energy transfer between Yb3+ and Tm3+ at various active ions concentrations. Characteristic emission bands of Tm3+ ions in the range of 350 nm to 850 nm were observed. To understand the mechanism of Yb3+–Tm3+ UC energy transfer in the SiO2–CaO powders, the kinetics of luminescence decays were studied.

Trial for culture broodstock of Black seeahorses (Hippocampus kuda Bleeker, 1852) the 1st generation (F1) in Khanh hoa province since September, 2018 to May, 2019 located in the experiment stations of Coastal Branch, Vietnam - Russian Tropical Center. The trial culture Black seahorse (F1) from seed to grow-outt fish by 2 method: cement tank and floating cage in sea. Result: The growth of fish is same in 2 method (P>0.05), but the survival rate in cement tank (83.0%) is higher than in floating cage (76.7%). The 2nd trial: culture Black seahorse (F1) from grow out to mature fish, result: The size of fish start trial W: 2083±189.5 mg, L: 104.7±3.61 mm, after 2 months culture, harvest fish with size W: 3680±104.6 mg, L: 120.2±1.51 mm. The 3rd trial: culture Black seahorse (F1) from mature fish to brood stock. Sex ratio male:female =1:1,1 (P>0.05). The survival rate of brood stock 81.1±1.36%; The rate male have embryo in pouch 70.6±11.82%; Spawning rate 71.1±10.08%; Spawning capacity of male 262±85 fry. Survival rate of fry 2 day after spawn 79.5±11.8%.

The unique properties of the Eu3+ ion make it a powerful spectroscopic tool to investigate structure or follow processes and mechanisms in several high-tech application areas such as biology and health, structural engineering, environment monitoring systems and quantum technology, mainly concerning photonics. The traditional method is to exploit the unique photoluminescent properties of Eu3+ ions to understand complex dynamical processes and obtain information useful to develop materials with specific characteristics. The objective of this review is to focus on the use of Eu3+ optical spectroscopy in some condensed matter issues. After a short presentation of the more significant properties of the Eu3+ ion, some examples regarding its use as a probe of the local structure in sol–gel systems are presented. Another section is devoted to dynamical processes such as the important technological role of nanocrystals as rare-earth sensitizers. The appealing effect of the site-selection memory, observed when exciting different sites into the 5D1 state, which the 5D0 → 7F0 emission band reflects following the sites’ distribution, is also mentioned. Finally, a section is devoted to the use of Eu3+ in the development of a rare-earth-based platform for quantum technologies.

During some earnings call in 2016, there was a big argument between US airline executives and Wall Street analysts. Airline executives were frustrated that they were producing record profits but their stocks got hit or at least failed to go up in value. However Wall Street analysts claimed that PRASM or Passenger Revenue per Available Seat Mile - how much money airlines earn from passengers for every mile flown by each seat, is what drove airline stock price, not profit. In this article, we collect and analyze the data of eighteen (18) biggest airlines around the world from their official financial reports, including nine (09) main US airlines, in the period 2007-2019, to find out which key metrics has significant impact on airline stock returns. We collect the data of not only PRASM or gross profit margin, but also other key metrics such as RASM, CASM-ex, ROA. etc. We also analyze multiple regression models for airline stock returns and airline ROA.

This study demonstrates the application of an interpretable (or explainable) machine learning workflow using surface drilling data to identify fracable, brittle and productive rock intervals along horizontal laterals in the Marcellus shale. The results are supported by a thorough model-agnostic interpretation of the input-output relationships to make the model explainable to users. The methodology described here can easily be generalized to real-time processing of surface drilling data for optimal landing of laterals, placing of fracture stages, optimizing production and minimizing frac hits. In practice, this information is rarely available in real-time and requires tedious and time-consuming processing of logs (including image logs), core, microseismic data and fiber optic sensor data to provide post-job validation of frac- and well-placement. Post-completion analyses are generally too late for corrective action leading to wells with a low probability of success and increasing risk of frac hits. Our workflow involves identifying geomechanical facies from core- and well-log data. We verify that the geomechanical facies derived using core- and well-log data have characteristically different brittleness, fracability and production characteristics. We test and investigate several different supervised classifiers to relate surface drilling data to the geomechanical facies. The data was divided into training and test datasets, with supervised classification techniques being able to accurately predict the geomechanical facies with 75% accuracy on the test dataset. The clusters predicted on test well (unseen data) were qualitatively verified using the microseismic interpretation. The use of Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) helps explain the predictive models, rank the importance of various inputs in the prediction of the facies and provides both local and global sensitivities. Our study demonstrates that pre-existing natural fracture networks control both the hydraulic fracture geometry as wells as the production. Natural fractures promote the formation of complex fracture networks with shorter half-lengths which increase well productivity while minimizing frac hits and neighboring well interactions. The natural fracture network is itself controlled by the geomechanical properties of the rock. The ability of the surface drilling data to reliably predict the geomechanical rock facies provides a powerful tool for real-time optimization of wellbore trajectory and completions.

The article analyzes some typical “separation “activities of the United States government at the beginning of the presidency of Donald Trump. Hence, the authors comment how the United States governments work nowadays in “separation” theory under constitutional law perspective. Keywords: United States, government, separation. References: [1] Montesquieu (1996), Tinh thần pháp luật, Nhà xuất bản Giáo dục, Hà Nội.[2] Bộ Ngoại giao Hoa Kỳ, Chương trình thông tin Quốc tế (J W. Peltason biên tập, chú thích), 2004, About America: The Constitution of the United States of America with Explanatory Notes (Nước Mỹ: Hiến pháp Hợp chủng quốc Hoa Kỳ và chú thích), tr 59.[3] The U.S Congress, “Our American Government” 2003 Edition. House Congress Resolution 221 of The U.S Congress 108th, June 20, 2003 https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-108hdoc94/pdf/CDOC-108hdoc94.pdf, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[4] “Who Is Judge James L. Robart And Why Did He Block Trump's Immigration Order?”, National Public Radio 04/02/2017, https://www.npr.org/2017/02/04/513446463/who-is-judge-james-l-robart-and-why-did-he-block-trumps-immigration-order, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020. [5] Wang, Amy B. “Trump asked for a 'Muslim ban', Giuliani says — and ordered a commission to do it 'legally”. The Washington Post 30/01/2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/01/29/trump-asked-for-a-muslim-ban-giuliani-says-and-ordered-a-commission-to-do-it-legally/ truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[6] Selena Simmons Duffin, “Trump Is Trying Hard To Thwart Obamacare. How's That Going?”, National Public Radio 30/3/2020, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/10/14/768731628/trump-is-trying-hard-to-thwart-obamacare-hows-that-going, truy cập ngày 30/3/2020.[7] Edwin C. Kisiel III, The Electoral College: Federalism and the Election of the American President, A Senior Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation in the Honors Program Liberty University, 2008 Spring, downloaded from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=honors truy cập ngày 30/3/2020, pp 16.

Purpose: Better know social representations and socio-cultural aspects of mental illness (FP) is critical to reduce stigma and improve care and prevention of psychiatric illness. Methods: The Mental Health in General Population Survey (MHGP) was carried out in French Polynesia (FP) in 2015 and 2017, with questionnaires on social representations of the "insane", the "mentally ill", the "depressive" and the various types of help and care. The representative sample of 968 people was built using the quota method. The data were collected in public spaces, anonymously. Results: The origin of mental health problems is considered mainly as physical, organic or hereditary. Addictive behaviours are the cause of mental illness for 1/4 of respondents. According to the Polynesian population, the “insane” or the “mentally ill” are perceived as excluded, irresponsible, unaware of their conditions and difficult to cure. Depressed people are seen as responsible for their actions, aware of their conditions and who can be treated. Conclusion: The results of this survey show stigmatizing representations of the “insane” and the mentally ill” and significant use of traditional care. They have been incorporated into the mental health plan for FP to improve the care and promotion of mental health.

Objectives To assess understudied, alternative suicide prevention modalities in a mental health care setting. Methods This was a prospective study of patients (n = 140, 68 cases and 72 controls) who were admitted to hospital or who contacted an SOS suicide crisis line for suicidal ideation or attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and intensity of anxiety/depression/suicidality (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation) were assessed. All intervention group subjects received a crisis card with a crisis line number, interviews with psychologists or volunteers and a telephone call on days 10 to 21, then 6 months later. These subjects also had a choice between two further 4-month interventions: body contact care or mobile intervention team visits. Results The interventions significantly reduced the number of suicide attempts and suicide (3%) at 6 months compared with the control condition (12%). There were fewer losses to follow-up in the intervention group (7.35%) than in the control group (9.72%). Conclusions The results favour the implementation of integrated care and maintaining contact in suicide prevention.

Background Maple sirup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive inherited metabolic disorder. The disease‐causing mutations can affect the BCKDHA, BCKDHB, and DBT genes encoding for the E1α, E1β, and E2 subunits of the multienzyme branched‐chain α‐keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex. In the present study, novel pathogenic variants in BCKDHB and DBT genes were identified in three Vietnamese families with MSUD. Methods Three newborn patients from three unrelated Vietnamese families were diagnosed with MSUD at the Metabolic Clinic, National Hospital of Pediatrics. Blood samples of 11 relatives from two generations of the three families diagnosed with MSUD were analyzed using exome and Sanger sequencing analyses. Results Novel pathogenic variants in BCKDHB (c.1103C>T, c.989A>G, and c.704G>A), and DBT (c.263_265delAAG) genes were identified in three pediatric patients with MSUD. Conclusions We have identified novel pathogenic variants in the MSUD‐related genes in the pedigree of the three patient's families. Our findings expand the mutational spectrum of MSUD and provide the scientific basis for genetic counseling for the patient's families., Novel mutations from patients with MUSD.

Minusculum (Lebour) Balech is one of four subgenera of the genus Protoperidinium Bergh 1881. Only five species of this subgenus have been discovered worldwide, most of which are distributed in cold waters. In this study, Protoperidinium anomaloplaxum (Balech) Balech is reported from Vietnam and thus for the first time from Asia-Pacific waters. This species is illustrated with line drawing, light and scanning electron microscopic photographs and described details of the ornamentation of the thecal plates as well as its geographic distribution.

The seaweed Kappaphycus striatus is a well-known source of carrageenan and other valuable bioactive compounds. To improve the efficiency of propagation of this important natural resource, we studied the aseptic efficiency of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the explant sterilization process. We further evaluated the effects of culture media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), light intensity, and rotary shaking on callus induction and proliferation, somatic embryogenesis, and micropropagules regeneration of the red algae K. striatus. The treatment with AgNPs at a concentration of 500 ppm optimally resulted in the absence of contaminations. A high explant survival rate (80.0%) and callus induction rate (54.4%) were obtained. Healthy calli were transferred separately into MS (Murashige and Skoog), PES (Provasoli’s enriched seawater), and MPI media for callus proliferation. The results indicated that the PES medium was suitable for callus induction with higher yields of fresh and dry biomass (112.00 mg and 11.50 mg, respectively) compared with the MPI medium (79 mg fresh and 6.73 mg dry weight). Calli cultured using the MS medium failed to grow. The optimal condition for callus proliferation was the PES medium supplemented with 1.0 mg⋅L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 1.0 mg⋅L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Somatic embryo (SE) induction was best obtained when cultured calli were transferred onto PES semi-solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg⋅L−1 NAA and 2.0 mg⋅L−1 BAP. To promote plantlet development, SE clumps were placed in PES liquid medium on a rotary shaker at 100 rpm for separating individual embryos. These embryos were collected and allowed to develop under cool white fluorescent tubes at a light intensity of 55 µmol⋅m−2⋅s−1. The regenerated plantlets had a 50% survival rate, light brown in colour and multibranched. The plantlets reached a length of 2 cm after 2 months of culture.

In this paper we present the results of a feature importance analysis of a chemical sulphonation process. The task consists of predicting the neutralization number (NT), which is a metric that characterizes the product quality of active detergents. The prediction is based on a dataset of environmental measurements, sampled from an industrial chemical process. We used a soft-sensing approach, that is, predicting a variable of interest based on other process variables, instead of directly sensing the variable of interest. Reasons for doing so range from expensive sensory hardware to harsh environments, e.g., inside a chemical reactor. The aim of this study was to explore and detect which variables are the most relevant for predicting product quality, and to what degree of precision. We trained regression models based on linear regression, regression tree and random forest. A random forest model was used to rank the predictor variables by importance. Then, we trained the models in a forward-selection style by adding one feature at a time, starting with the most important one. Our results show that it is sufficient to use the top 3 important variables, out of the 8 variables, to achieve satisfactory prediction results. On the other hand, Random Forest obtained the best result when trained with all variables., Comment: Accepted for: 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS 2020)