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The National Cancer Policy Forum of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine sponsored a workshop on July 24 and 25, 2017 on Long-Term Survivorship after Cancer Treatment. The workshop brought together diverse stakeholders (patients, advocates, academicians, clinicians, research funders, and policymakers) to review progress and ongoing challenges since the Institute of Medicine (IOM)'s seminal report on the subject of adult cancer survivors published in 2006. This commentary profiles the content of the meeting sessions and concludes with recommendations that stem from the workshop discussions. Although there has been progress over the past decade, many of the recommendations from the 2006 report have not been fully implemented. Obstacles related to the routine delivery of standardized physical and psychosocial care services to cancer survivors are substantial, with important gaps in care for patients and caregivers. Innovative care models for cancer survivors have emerged, and changes in accreditation requirements such as the Commission on Cancer's (CoC) requirement for survivorship care planning have put cancer survivorship on the radar. The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation's Oncology Care Model (OCM), which requires psychosocial services and the creation of survivorship care plans for its beneficiary participants, has placed increased emphasis on this service. The OCM, in conjunction with the CoC requirement, is encouraging electronic health record vendors to incorporate survivorship care planning functionality into updated versions of their products. As new models of care emerge, coordination and communication among survivors and their clinicians will be required to implement patient- and community-centered strategies.

Microbial patterns are recognized by cell-surface receptors to initiate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) in plants. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), such as BIK1, and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are engaged during PTI to activate the NADPH oxidase RBOHD for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It is unknown whether protein kinases besides CPKs and RLCKs participate in RBOHD regulation. We screened mutants in all ten Arabidopsis MAP4 kinases (MAP4Ks) and identified the conserved MAP4K SIK1 as a positive regulator of PTI. sik1 mutants were compromised in their ability to elicit the ROS burst in response to microbial features and exhibited compromised PTI to bacterial infection. SIK1 directly interacts with, phosphorylates, and stabilizes BIK1 in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Furthermore, SIK1 directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon flagellin perception. Thus, SIK1 positively regulates immunity by stabilizing BIK1 and activating RBOHD to promote the extracellular ROS burst.

Plants employ cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect pathogens. Although phytohormones produced during PRR signaling play an essential role in innate immunity, a direct link between PRR activation and hormone regulation is unknown. EFR is a PRR that recognizes bacterial EF-Tu and activates immune signaling. Here we report that EFR regulates the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) through direct phosphorylation of a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, BIK1. The BIK1 structure revealed that the EFR-phosphorylated sites reside on a uniquely extended loop away from the BIK1 kinase core domain. Phosphomimetic mutations of these sites resulted in increased phytohormones and enhanced resistance to bacterial infections. In addition to its documented plasma membrane localization, BIK1 also localizes to the nucleus and interacts directly with WRKY transcription factors involved in the JA and salicylic acid (SA) regulation. These findings demonstrate the mechanistic basis of signal transduction from PRR to phytohormones, mediated through a PRR-BIK1-WRKY axis.

PurposeAsians report worse experiences with care than Whites. This could be due to true differences in care received, expectations about care, or survey response styles. We examined responses to the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (CAHPS®) Medicare survey items by Whites and Asians, controlling for underlying level on the CAHPS constructs.MethodsWe conducted multiple group analyses to evaluate measurement equivalence of CAHPS Medicare survey data between White and Asian Medicare beneficiaries for CAHPS reporting composites (communication with personal doctor, access to care, plan customer service) and global ratings of care using pooled data from 2007 to 2011. Responses were obtained from 1,326,410 non-Hispanic Whites and 40,672 non-Hispanic Asians (hereafter referred to as Whites and Asians). The median age for Whites was 70, with 24 % 80 or older, and 70 for Asians, with 23 % 80 or older. Fifty-eight percent of Whites and 56 % of Asians were female.ResultsA model without group-specific estimates fit the data as well as a model that included 12 group-specific estimates (7 factor loadings, 3 measured variable errors, and 2 item intercepts): Comparative Fit Index = 0.947 and 0.948; root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.052 and 0.052, respectively). Differences in latent CAHPS score means between Whites and Hispanics estimated from the two models were similar, differing by 0.053 SD or less.ConclusionsThis study provides support for measurement equivalence of the CAHPS Medicare survey composites (communication, access, customer service) and global ratings between White and Asian respondents, supporting comparisons of care experiences between the two groups.

The present investigation aims to synthesize a novel (AlCuCoFeMnNi)3O4 type high entropy spinel oxide through the sol‐gel and investigate the effect of different carbon‐based additives on charge storage performance. The formation of the inverse spinel phase of [B(AB)O4] type inverse spinel phase was confirmed through the detailed x‐ray diffraction analysis of the synthesized sample. The synthesized spinel phase was indexed with the space group of Fd−3m and has a lattice parameter of 8.2697 Å. The synthesized high entropy oxide (HEO) phase Ni, Co, and Fe coexists in +2 and +3 states. At the same time, Cu in +2 state, Al in +3 state, and Mn in +3 and +4 states confirmed through x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical charge storage performance of synthesized HEO was measured through the three‐electrode setup in 2 M KOH aqueous electrolyte solution in two different potential windows, such as −0.2 to 0.4 V and 0.0 to 0.5 V. Different carbon‐based conducting materials such as acetylene black, reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and carbon particles obtained from 10‐hour ball‐milling of used dry cell carbon electrode (CP). The charge storage mechanism changes from electrochemical double layer capacitance to pseudocapacitive type as the potential window varies from −0.2 to 0.4 to 0 to 0.5 V. The value of specific capacitance for an electrode made of HEO with acetylene black, RGO, and CP was found to be 32.67, 7.50, and 4.58 F/g and 30.68, 16.33, and 9.05 F/g in the potential window of −0.2 to 0.4 V and 0 to 0.5 V at a scan rate of 5 mV/s, respectively. The cyclic performance of the developed three electrodes was measured at a scan rate of 100 mV/s for 1000 cycles, and it was found to be 94%, 98%, and 99% for electrodes made of HEO with acetylene black, RGO, and CP, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Producing sp3‐hybridized carbon‐enriched molecules is of particular interest due to their high success rate in clinical trials. The installation of aliphatic chains onto aromatic scaffolds was accomplished by nickel‐catalyzed C(sp2)−C(sp3) cross‐electrophile coupling with arylsulfonium salts. Thus, simple non‐prefunctionalized arenes could be alkylated through the formation of aryldibenzothiophenium salts. The reaction employs an electrochemical approach to avoid potentially hazardous chemical redox agents, and importantly, the one‐pot alkylation proved also viable, highlighting the robustness of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]