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لقد أخرج الفكر الإسلامي لنا العديد من المدارس الفكرية والعلمية التي حوت بداخلها العديد من الشخصيات في شتى المجالات العلمية. ويعد السعدي والصابوني من أهم هذه الشخصيات في مجال التفسير، ويعد تفسيرهما موسوعة علمية جديرة بالدراسة والبحث لما فيهما من درر وفوائد علمية. يعمد هذا البحث الكشف عن الدلالة العقلية والاستدلال بها في تفسيري السعدي والصابوني بهدف إبراز مكانة العقل عندهما, وإبراز دور تفسيرهما في توضيح معاني القرآنية، ومدى ارتباط هذا الفن بالعلوم الأخرى ، وذلك من خلال عرض نماذج تقوم بتحليل السياقات التي تناولا فيها هذا المفهوم مع عقد المقارنة بينهما. وقد سار البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي لإبراز الجوانب المعتمدة في الاستدلال بالعقل عند الشيخين المذكورين ، ومن أهم نتائج هذا البحث أن تفسير السعدي مبني على التفسير بالرأي المحمود، بخلاف الصابوني فإنه يعتمد على النصوص الشرعية خصوصا في شرح الآيات،كما يمتاز تفسير السعدي على الصابوني من حيث التركيز على فك المعاني بطريقة سهلة يفهمها كل من عرف العربية أي أنه يعتني بالمعنى أولا، بخلاف الصابوني حيث اعتمد على الظواهر اللغوية والبلاغية، وهذا زاد لتفسير الصابوني روعة على تفسير السعدي.

Ahsan Ahsan,1 Ike Nesdia Rahmawati,1 Linda Wieke Noviyanti,1 Evi Harwiati Ningrum,1 Abd Nasir,2 Susilo Harianto2 1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Vocational Studies, Airlangga University, Surabaya, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Ahsan Ahsan, Tel +628125293950, Email ahsanpsik.fk@ub.ac.idObjective: Student competence is an important topic of discussion during the implementation of counseling in the clinic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the Team-STEPPS-based preceptorship guidance model on student competency.Methods: A comparative study was used to analyze the quantitative data. Participants were clinical practice students at “Ngudi Waluyo” Public Hospital with a total of 92 registered students divided into treatment and control groups. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and the Mann–Whitney U-Test were used to assess differences between the intervention and control groups.Results: There were post-test differences between the intervention group and the control group, namely clinical competence p-value (0.003), nursing management p (0.000), technical competence p (0.008), self-management p (0.000), and care-oriented patients p (0.000).Conclusion: The Team-STEPPS-based preceptorship guidance model is very important in increasing student competency, not only in mastering clinical competence, but also in mastering technical skill competencies, nursing management, self-management, and patient-oriented care skills, and therefore, can increase student independence.Keywords: Team-STEPPS, preceptorship model, competence, nursing students

Liban Ali Mohamud,1 Abdirashid Moallim Hassan,2 Jamal Abdul Nasir3 1Department of Statistics and Planning, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 2Department of Medicine and Surgery, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia; 3Department of Statistics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, PakistanCorrespondence: Liban Ali Mohamud, Email liban@Simad.edu.soBackground: Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), has become a serious global public health concern, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Even though the fact that just a few case studies have addressed on the HIV/AIDS in the context of Somalia, to the best of our knowledge, no national-scale study on the topic has been attempted. Limited knowledge of HIV/AIDS is highlighted as one of the major factors linked to the high prevalence of HIV among female population. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap in the literature by investigating the effects of several sociodemographic factors on females’ knowledge about HIV/AIDS in Somalia.Methods: Secondary data from the Somalia Demographic Health Survey 2018– 19 were used in this study. A total of 16,335 women between the ages of 15 and 49 who fit our inclusion criteria have been chosen. The application of multiple logistic regressions was then performed to see if the predictors had a significant association with knowledge of HIV/AIDS.Findings: Women aged 35– 39 (AOR = 1.608; 95% CI: 1.372– 1.886), women lived in urban (AOR: 2.833, 95% CI: 2.246– 3.572), Women’s education (AOR: 2.246, 95% CI: 1.988– 2.537), frequency of listening to a radio (AOR = 2.312; 95% CI: 1.995– 2.679), and frequency of watching television (AOR = 3.936; 95% CI: 3.445– 4.497) were significantly related with current knowledge about HIV/AIDS among eligible women in Somalia.Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of mass media (TV and radio) interventions, education, and place of habitation as the main significant predictors of women’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS in Somalia. Based on the study, women are more likely to be aware of HIV/AIDS as their education level, frequency of listening a radio and watching a television watching rises. The research additionally indicates that women who reside in urban centers are nearly three times more likely than women who live in nomadic areas to know more about HIV/AIDS.Keywords: knowledge of HIV/AIDS, public health, logistic regression, SDHS2018-19

Abstract Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) infections have been found associated with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but little is known about the overall burden of STH coinfection in HIV patients. We aimed to assess the burden of STH infections among HIV patients. Relevant databases were systematically searched for studies reporting the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthic pathogens in HIV patients. Pooled estimates of each helminthic infection were calculated. The odds ratio was also determined as a measure of the association between STH infection and the HIV status of the patients. Sixty-one studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, consisting of 16,203 human subjects from all over the world. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infection in HIV patients was found to be 8% (95% CI 0.06, 0.09), the prevalence of Trichuris trichiura infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), the prevalence of hookworm infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.06), and prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in HIV patients was found to be 5% (95% CI 0.04, 0.05). Countries from Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America & Caribbean and Asia were identified with the highest burden of STH-HIV coinfection. Our analysis indicated that people living with HIV have a higher chance of developing Strongyloides stercoralis infections and decreased odds of developing hookworm infections. Our findings suggest a moderate level of prevalence of STH infections among people living with HIV. The endemicity of STH infections and HIV status both are partially responsible for the burden of STH-HIV coinfections.

Abstract Deep learning (DL) models can harness electronic health records (EHRs) to predict diseases and extract radiologic findings for diagnosis. With ambulatory chest radiographs (CXRs) frequently ordered, we investigated detecting type 2 diabetes (T2D) by combining radiographic and EHR data using a DL model. Our model, developed from 271,065 CXRs and 160,244 patients, was tested on a prospective dataset of 9,943 CXRs. Here we show the model effectively detected T2D with a ROC AUC of 0.84 and a 16% prevalence. The algorithm flagged 1,381 cases (14%) as suspicious for T2D. External validation at a distinct institution yielded a ROC AUC of 0.77, with 5% of patients subsequently diagnosed with T2D. Explainable AI techniques revealed correlations between specific adiposity measures and high predictivity, suggesting CXRs’ potential for enhanced T2D screening.

The focus of this work is the archaeometric investigation of a high quality ceramic typical of the Indo-IranianBorderlands in ca. 3300‒2900 BCE. Variously labelled as “Emir Grey” and “Late Shahi Tump” ware, this finegrey ceramic is often considered an elite or prestige product on account of its very thin walls, fine fabric, andpainted designs. In the present paper, thin-section petrography, XRD, and SEM-EDX analyses were carried out ona selection of pottery pieces from the burial contexts at the Chegerdak cemetery of Iranshahr (Baluchestan, Iran).The results shed new light on the production and circulation of the pottery. Most notably, it potentially extendedthe map of its production centers to western Iranian Baluchestan.

Smart services based on the Internet of Everything (IoE) are gaining considerable popularity due to the ever-increasing demands of wireless networks. This demands the appraisal of the wireless networks with enhanced properties as next-generation communication systems. Although 5G networks show great potential to support numerous IoE based services, it is not adequate to meet the complete requirements of the new smart applications. Therefore, there is an increased demand for envisioning the 6G wireless communication systems to overcome the major limitations in the existing 5G networks. Moreover, incorporating artificial intelligence in 6G will provide solutions for very complex problems relevant to network optimization. Furthermore, to add further value to the future 6G networks, researchers are investigating new technologies, such as THz and quantum communications. The requirements of future 6G wireless communications demand to support massive data-driven applications and the increasing number of users. Unlike existing works, this paper highlights the recent activities and trends toward 6G technology, network requirement, essential enabling technologies for 6G networks, and a detailed use case analysis between 5G and 6G networks. Moreover, this paper surveys emerging 6G connectivity solutions, such as holographic beamforming, artificial intelligence-enabled IoT networks, edge computing, and backscatter communications to serve smart communities. Furthermore, several future research directions to accomplish 6G-based IoT networks are also highlighted.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) associated with oropharyngeal and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC and OSCC) is escalating over the years. Hence, the present review aims to determine the prevalence of HPV-OSCC and HPV-OPSCC in Asian countries over the last decades. An electronic search was conducted using nine online databases to identify English-language articles on the prevalence of HPV-OPSCC and HPV-OSCC in Asian countries from January 2011 to June 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist and the level of evidence was determined based on the OCEBM guideline. Single-arm meta-analysis was used to estimate the weighted mean prevalence of HPV-OPSCC and HPV-OSCC among patients in Asia. Subgroup analysis meta-regression and Egger’s tests were also conducted. 59 eligible studies were included with a higher prevalence of HPV-OPSCC (32.6%-37.4%) as compared to HPV-OSCC (10.9%-23.5%). Subgroup analysis revealed that the weighted mean prevalence of HPV-OPSCC was significantly higher (P

Mathematical approaches to structure model problems have a significant role in expanding our knowledge in our routine life circumstances. To put them into practice, the right formulation, method, systematic representation, and formulation are needed. The purpose of introducing soft graphs is to discretize these fundamental mathematical ideas, which are inherently continuous, and to provide new tools for applying mathematical analysis technology to real-world applications including imperfect and inexact data or uncertainty. Soft rough covering models $ \left(\text{briefly}, \text{ }\mathcal{SRC}\text{-Models}\right) $, a novel theory that addresses uncertainty. In this present paper, we have introduced two new concepts $ \mathcal{L}\mathfrak{i} $-soft rough covering graphs ($ \mathcal{L}\mathfrak{i} $-$ \mathcal{SRCG} $s) and the concept of fixed point of such graphs. Furthermore, we looked into a some algebras that dealt with the fixed points of $ \mathcal{L}\mathfrak{i} $-$ \mathcal{SRCG} $s. Applications of the algebraic structures available in covering soft sets to soft graphs may reveal new facets of graph theory.

Abstract Handcrafted and deep learning (DL) radiomics are popular techniques used to develop computed tomography (CT) imaging-based artificial intelligence models for COVID-19 research. However, contrast heterogeneity from real-world datasets may impair model performance. Contrast-homogenous datasets present a potential solution. We developed a 3D patch-based cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (cycle-GAN) to synthesize non-contrast images from contrast CTs, as a data homogenization tool. We used a multi-centre dataset of 2078 scans from 1,650 patients with COVID-19. Few studies have previously evaluated GAN-generated images with handcrafted radiomics, DL and human assessment tasks. We evaluated the performance of our cycle-GAN with these three approaches. In a modified Turing-test, human experts identified synthetic vs acquired images, with a false positive rate of 67% and Fleiss’ Kappa 0.06, attesting to the photorealism of the synthetic images. However, on testing performance of machine learning classifiers with radiomic features, performance decreased with use of synthetic images. Marked percentage difference was noted in feature values between pre- and post-GAN non-contrast images. With DL classification, deterioration in performance was observed with synthetic images. Our results show that whilst GANs can produce images sufficient to pass human assessment, caution is advised before GAN-synthesized images are used in medical imaging applications.

Abstract Speech emotion recognition (SER) is an important research problem in human‐computer interaction systems. The representation and extraction of features are significant challenges in SER systems. Despite the promising results of recent studies, they generally do not leverage progressive fusion techniques for effective feature representation and increasing receptive fields. To mitigate this problem, this article proposes DeepCNN, which is a fusion of spectral and temporal features of emotional speech by parallelising convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a convolution layer‐based transformer. Two parallel CNNs are applied to extract the spectral features (2D‐CNN) and temporal features (1D‐CNN) representations. A 2D‐convolution layer‐based transformer module extracts spectro‐temporal features and concatenates them with features from parallel CNNs. The learnt low‐level concatenated features are then applied to a deep framework of convolutional blocks, which retrieves high‐level feature representation and subsequently categorises the emotional states using an attention gated recurrent unit and classification layer. This fusion technique results in a deeper hierarchical feature representation at a lower computational cost while simultaneously expanding the filter depth and reducing the feature map. The Berlin Database of Emotional Speech (EMO‐BD) and Interactive Emotional Dyadic Motion Capture (IEMOCAP) datasets are used in experiments to recognise distinct speech emotions. With efficient spectral and temporal feature representation, the proposed SER model achieves 94.2% accuracy for different emotions on the EMO‐BD and 81.1% accuracy on the IEMOCAP dataset respectively. The proposed SER system, DeepCNN, outperforms the baseline SER systems in terms of emotion recognition accuracy on the EMO‐BD and IEMOCAP datasets.

This study examines the relationship between the wealth of European societies and their investment decisions in «sinful» industries, including tobacco, alcohol, and gambling. The study aims to challenge the widely held belief that wealthier countries are more socially responsible in their investment choices and to investigate the impact of familiarity bias on investment decisions in these industries. An experimental research design with panel data compares the returns from a portfolio of sin stocks from Northern Europe with a portfolio of sin stocks from Southern and Eastern Europe. The study utilises multiple models, including the CAPM single-factor, the Fama-French three-factor, and the Fama-French five-factor, to measure the risk-adjusted returns of sin stocks across various European countries. Findings reveal that sin stocks from wealthier countries tend to have higher risk-adjusted returns compared to those from less wealthy countries. Sin stocks have a significant relation with the market, but their volatility is consistently lower. Countries that drink more alcohol are more willing to invest in alcohol stocks than countries that drink less, as these stocks outperform the market during economic downturns. Sin stocks impact financial performance, investor behaviour, social responsibility, market efficiency, and regulations. The study uncovers the influence of familiarity bias, indicating that investors from countries more accustomed to «sinful» activities are less reluctant to invest in such industries than countries with lower familiarity. This finding highlights the importance of cultural and social factors in shaping investment decisions and challenges traditional concepts of market efficiency.

Abstract The study of system safety and reliability has always been vital for the quality and manufacturing engineers of varying fields for which generally the continuous probability distributions are proposed. Bivariate and multivariate continuous distributions are the candidates while studying more than one characteristic of the system. In this article, an attempt is made to address this issue when the reliability systems generate bivariate and correlated count datasets. The bivariate generalized geometric distribution (BGGD) is believed to serve as a potential candidate to model such types of datasets. Bayesian approach of data analysis has the potential of accommodating the uncertainty associated with the model parameters of interest using uninformative and informative priors. A real life bivariate correlated dataset is analyzed in Bayesian framework and the results are compared with those produced by the classical approach. Posterior summaries including posterior means, highest density regions, and predicted expected frequencies of the bivariate data are evaluated. Different information criteria are evaluated to compare the inferential methods under study. The entire analysis is carried out using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) set-up of data augmentation implemented through WinBUGS.

Several extraction steps involved while analyzing metformin in plasma necessitates the need to develop a simple less tedious RP-HPLC method for metformin analysis in human saliva.Blank saliva (2 mL) was spiked with 2 mL solution (12.5 µg mL-1) of metformin and 1 mL solution (0.5 µg mL-1) of caffeine as internal standard (IS). The mixture was vortex mixed and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. A portion (0.5 mL) of the resultant solution was injected into the HPLC machine (Agilent 1260 infinity). The optimized conditions included a mobile phase of methanol:water (80:20 v/v) containing 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid, isocratic elusion mode, an injection volume of 10 µL, flow rate of 1 mLmin-1, at 35°C and detection wavelength of 232nm. Calibration curve(1.25to25.0 µg mL-1) was prepared by plotting the peak height ratios of metformin Vs IS against their corresponding concentrations. The method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Metformin and caffeine eluted at 1.6 and 2.6 minutes respectively. The method was precise (

Carnitine is necessary for allowing the long-chain fatty acids to pass the inner mitochondrial membrane to induce β -oxidation. Lack of carnitine and abnormalities of mitochondria play an important role in forming fatty deposition in the liver, and hence, developing steatohepatitis. Carnitine and acylcarnitine identified in human erythrocytes and intra-erythrocyte acetylcarnitine have a significant relationship with the plasma levels. Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the possible effects of L-carnitine on liver function, folate and vitamin B12 levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, 70 patients with T2DM were randomly assigned to either a L-carnitine (CG) and a placebo group (PG). For 12 weeks, the first group received 1000 mg/d oral L-carnitine, whereas the second group received 1000 mg/day wheat starch as placebo. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), folate, Vitamin B12, complete blood count (CBC) including blood cells and indicators related to anemia were assessed at baseline. Results: 64 patients managed to complete the study (32 in each group). The results indicated that consumption of L-carnitine compared with placebo had no significant effect on liver enzymes, folate, vitamin B12, and CBC with differential. Conclusions: Daily intake of 1000 mg L-carnitine for 12 weeks had no effect on liver function and anemia indicators including CBC, folate, and vitamins B12.

In this research, the approach of FP-LAPW (full potential linearized augmented plane wave) is employed within WIEN2K for the investigations of structural, thermodynamic, electronic, and mechanical properties of the V2ScSnC2 and Nb2ScSnC2 MAX-phases quaternary compounds. The V2ScSnC2 and Nb2ScSnC2 compounds exist in “α” and “β” polymorph structures. The formation energies (Eform) investigated insure that the α-polymorph is more stable than the β one. As it happens, Nb2ScSnC2 is more stable than V2ScSnC2. The Nb2ScSnC2 has an enhanced mechanical property compared to the V2ScSnC2 compound. The elastic constants (ECs) of interested materials fulfill all the conditions of mechanical stability and revealed a ductile nature. The predicted Cauchy's pressure and Poisson's ratio possess positive values signifying the ionic character of the V2ScSnC2 compound. The quaternary Nb2ScSnC2 compound exists as amalgamation of covalent and ionic bonds with a predominance of the ionic bonding character. The high melting temperature and high Debye temperature of V2ScSnC2 and Nb2ScSnC2 make them suitable for use in harsh environments. Furthermore, they exhibit potential as a promising material for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Electronic structure analysis confirm the metallic character of the two interested compounds. At high temperatures and pressures the thermodynamic properties including the Cv (Heat capacity) and ƟD (Debye temperature) are explored. We deem that this study of quaternary MAX-phase compounds will bring new insight for the experimentalists to employ for their future applications.

This study aims to study carbon monoxide (CO) concentration in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL), which involves primary data through field studies with a quantitative approach. The CO sampling method involves 12 observation stations covering six main zones for eight days. Data are collected twice a day at night and day between 01:00 - 04:00 AM and 1:00 - 4:00 PM. The duration of the sampling is 30 minutes for one sample. Sampling time may vary for stations but still within the stipulated time. The instrument to measure CO is the Model Carbon Monoxide meter AS700A. The Analysis is descriptive. The findings show that the lowest value at night is stations 3 and 10, with an average concentration value of 5 parts per million (ppm). Simultaneously, the highest CO value in the afternoon is at station 1 and station 4, with a concentration of 12 ppm. The overall average at each station is high, between 7 to 12 ppm. Most stations show readings exceeding the WHO's standard (5 ppm/hour). However, CO's concentration is considerably under control because it does not exceed the standard limits of NAAQS and DOE. Overall, CO concentrations are higher in the day than in the morning and on weekdays than on weekends. In conclusion, vehicle increase significantly contributes to increased CO concentrations in Kuala Lumpur. The proactive and effective measures to reduce the well-being of life to maintain human health and the environment.

Purpose Aquaponics combine aquaculture with crop production in a mutual system. In this experiment, the growth of Amaranthus in aquaponics with tilapia fish was investigated. Method 500-liter water tanks containing tilapia fish at four initial stocking densities of 100, 150, 200, and 250 fish/m3 were used in triplicates, with a view to evaluate vegetable yields as influenced by fish biomass to water ratio. 1 g of Amaranthus seeds were sown in a 1 m2 planting trough, which contained gravel with a top layer of sandy soil. The pots were flooded with water from fish holdings by an aquarium pump. Results The germination rate of Amaranthus was not significantly different across the experimental setup (Pâ>â0.05). The growth rate of Amaranthus was significantly higher with increasing fish density (Pâ

“Cases of SCMR” is a case series on the SCMR website (https://www.scmr.org) for the purpose of education. The cases reflect the clinical presentation, and the use of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. The 2022 digital collection of cases are presented in this manuscript.

Despite the promising role of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in acute liver failure (ALF), high-risk patients need liver transplantation and remain at risk for death due to cerebral complications. The objective of this study was to report outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for ALF with perioperative RRT. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. Out of 1167 LDLTs, 24 patients had ALF and met the King’s College criteria for transplantation. They were categorized into no-RRT (n=13) and RRT (n=11) groups. We looked at 1-year posttransplant survival in these patients. The median serum ammonia level at the time of transplant in the no-RRT and RRT groups was 259.5 mcg/dL (222.7–398) and 70.6 mcg/dL (58.1–92.6) (p=0.005). In the RRT group, serum ammonia level

Investigating novel compounds has become necessary due to the need for sophisticated materials in optoelectronic devices and spintronics. Because of their unique properties, magnesium-based spinels MgSm2X4 (X = S and Se) are very promising for these applications. We used the spin-polarized PBEsol for structural properties and the PBEsol functional for mechanical behavior, both using the WIEN2k code. Both compounds' stability in the magnetic and non-magnetic phases was validated by the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state, and their stability in the cubic phase was verified by the Born stability criterion. Their ductile character was shown by the computation of Pugh's ratio and Poisson ratio. Both MgSm2S4 and MgSm2Se4 display metallic behavior in the spin-up channel and semiconducting behavior in the spin-down channel, indicating a half-metallic nature, according to TB-mBJ potential calculations. With total magnetic moments of 20 μB, both materials showed ferromagnetic properties. Samarium ions contributed 5.27 μB for MgSm2S4 and 5.34 μB for MgSm2Se4. Furthermore, we computed optical parameters in the energy range of 0 to 15 eV, such as absorption, extinction coefficient, reflectivity, dielectric function, and refractive index. Our results demonstrate the potential of MgSm2X4 spinels for future technological developments by revealing their prospective optoelectronic and spintronic applications.

Tomato cultivation is increasingly widespread, yet it faces significant challenges, particularly from plant diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and insects. Addressing these diseases is crucial for ensuring the quality and yield of tomato crops. To support specialists in accurately identifying and managing these diseases, we propose an advanced automatic system for detecting and identifying tomato leaf diseases using sophisticated image processing techniques. Therefore, we proposed an approach that employs robust feature extraction methods, including the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), coupled with a support vector machine (SVM) for adequate classification. We curated an extensive dataset of 2700 tomato leaf images, with a minimum of 300 images for each of the nine distinct disease classes. This comprehensive dataset facilitated the training and testing of various machine learning and deep learning models. The experimental results highlight our proposed approach’s exceptional accuracy and reliability, significantly improving the detection and classification of tomato leaf diseases. A thorough comparative analysis with contemporary state-of-the-art techniques further validates the superiority of our system. Our findings suggest that this framework can significantly benefit tomato cultivation by enabling timely and precise disease management. Future research can explore integrating advanced deep learning algorithms to enhance the system’s accuracy in this multiclass classification challenge.

Mycotoxins, derived from fungi, pose significant threats to both human health and livestock well-being. Their contamination of food and feed supplies results in substantial economic losses annually. Various chemical and physical methodologies are employed to mitigate the toxicity associated with these toxins. However, the utilization of microorganism-mediated biotransformation presents a particularly promising and actively researched avenue for addressing the challenges posed by mycotoxins and enhancing food safety protocols. The intestinal microbiota engages in a dynamic interplay with mycotoxins, wherein mycotoxins disrupt the microbial equilibrium within the intestines and elevate epithelial barrier permeability, thereby impacting the intestinal ecosystem. Conversely, beneficial gut microbes possess the capacity to enzymatically degrade or sequester mycotoxins, thereby converting them into metabolites of reduced or negligible toxicity. This review encapsulates significant advancements in the biological detoxification of mycotoxins as evidenced by prior research endeavors. The discussion encompasses the repercussions of mycotoxin exposure on both human and animal health, alongside an examination of gut microbial-based strategies for mycotoxin detoxification.

Cancer continues to increase global morbidity and mortality rates. Despite substantial progress in the development of various chemically synthesized anti-cancer drugs, the poor prognosis of the disease still remains a big challenge. The most common drawback of conventional cancer therapies is the emergence of drug resistance eventually leading to the discontinuation of chemotherapy. Moreover, advanced target-specific therapies including immunotherapy and stem cell therapy are expensive enough and are unaffordable for most patients in poorer nations. Therefore, alternative and cheaper therapeutic strategies are needed to complement the current cancer treatment approaches. Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds produced naturally by plants and have great potential in human health and disease. These compounds possess antiproliferative, anti-oxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. Among the phytochemicals, flavonoids are very effective in treating a wide range of diseases from cardiovascular diseases and immunological disorders to cancer. They scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit cancer metastasis, modulate the immune system and induce apoptotic or autophagic cell death in cancers. This review will discuss the potential of various phytochemicals particularly flavonoids in attempts to target various cancers.

Bayesian Control charts are emerging as the most efficient statistical tools for monitoring manufacturing processes and providing effective control over process variability. The Bayesian approach is particularly suitable for addressing parametric uncertainty in the manufacturing industry. In this study, we determine the monitoring threshold for the shape parameter of the Inverse Gaussian distribution (IGD) and design different exponentially-weighted-moving-average (EWMA) control charts based on different loss functions (LFs). The impact of hyperparameters is investigated on Bayes estimates (BEs) and posterior risks (PRs). The performance measures such as average run length (ARL), standard deviation of run length (SDRL), and median of run length (MRL) are employed to evaluate the suggested approach. The designed Bayesian charts are evaluated for different settings of smoothing constant of the EWMA chart, different sample sizes, and pre-specified false alarm rates. The simulative study demonstrates the effectiveness of the suggested Bayesian method-based EWMA charts as compared to the conventional classical setup-based EWMA charts. The proposed techniques of EWMA charts are highly efficient in detecting shifts in the shape parameter and outperform their classical counterpart in detecting faults quickly. The proposed technique is also applied to real-data case studies from the aerospace manufacturing industry. The quality characteristic of interest was selected as the monthly industrial production index of aircraft from January 1980 to December 2022. The real-data-based findings also validate the conclusions based on the simulative results.

BackgroundActive engagement in leisure activities has positive effects on individuals' health outcomes and social functioning; however, there is limited understanding of the link between participation in leisure activities, particularly non-exercise activities, and falls in older adults. This study aimed to determine the relationship between participation in leisure activities and the incidence of falls, and the variation of this relationship by dementia status in residential aged care facilities (RACFs).MethodsA retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilising routinely collected data (January 2021-August 2022) from 25 RACFs in Sydney, Australia, was conducted. The cohort included 3,024 older permanent residents (1,493 with dementia and 1,531 without) aged ≥65 and with a stay of ≥1 week. The level of participation in leisure activities was measured using the number of leisure activities per 1,000 resident days and divided into quartiles. Outcome measures were the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls (i.e., number of falls per 1,000 resident days). We used multilevel negative binary regression to examine the relationship between leisure participation and fall incidence.ResultsFor the whole sample, leisure participation was significantly inversely associated with the incidence rate of all falls and injurious falls. For example, residents in the high leisure participation group were 26% less likely to experience a fall compared to those in the low leisure participation group after controlling for confounders (incidence rate ratio = 0.74, 95% confidence interval = 0.60, 0.91). Such inverse relationship was observed in both exercise and non-exercise activities and was stronger among residents without dementia.ConclusionsLeisure participation is associated with a lower rate of falls, a key quality indicator by which RACFs are benchmarked and funded in Australia and many other countries. More recognition and attention are needed for the currently underfunded leisure activities in RACFs in future funding arrangement.

In this study, the choice of supercritical fluid extraction as a renewable alternative for extracting orange peel essential oil (OPEO) was motivated by concerns about sustainability with conventional solvent extraction methods. The physical and chemical characteristics of OPEO were examined to assess its potential as a sustainable resource. The extraction process was optimised, and the ideal conditions determined were 317.51 min of extraction time at 74.85 °C with a solvent-to-sample ratio of 4. Analysis of the extracted OPEO revealed significant values for saponification (121.67 mg KOH/g), acid (4.13 mg KOH/g), ester (117.54 mg KOH/g), and free fatty acid (1.56 mg KOH/g) content, demonstrating its composition. Notably, key ingredients such as Limonene (43.96%), α-pinene (15.60%), β-myrcene (10.21%), γ-terpinene (5.00%), and α-terpineol (4.15%) were found in high proportions according to chemical composition analysis. Furthermore, OPEO exhibited excellent antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 7.73 ± 2.00 mg/mL and displayed notable antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms, including P. aeruginosa (17.7 ± 0.6 mm), E. coli (11.0 ± 0.0 mm), K. pneumoniae (10.7 ± 0.6 mm), and S. aureus (10.3 ± 0.6 mm). These findings have significant implications for the flavor and fragrance sector, as well as for the food preservation industry.

Turbidity has a significant impact on reservoir water by raising the temperature and evaporation rates. This study provided clear and concise information about the effects of turbidity alteration on reservoir water. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of turbidity variation on reservoir water temperature and evaporation. To determine these effects, the samples were taken from the reservoir by stratifying it randomly along the reservoir course. To evaluate the relationship between turbidity and water temperature and also to measure the vertical alteration of water temperature, ten pools were burrowed, and they were filled with turbid water. Two class A pans were installed in the field to determine the effect of turbidity on reservoir evaporation. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and MS Excel. The results depicted that turbidity has a direct, solid positive relationship with water temperature at 9:00 and 13:00 and a vigorous negative relationship at 17:00, and water temperature decreased vertically from the top to the bottom layer. There was a greater extinction of sunlight in most turbid water. The differences in water temperature between the top and bottom layers were 9.78°C and 1.53°C for most and least turbid water at 13:00 observation hour, respectively. Turbidity has a direct and strong positive relationship with reservoir evaporation. The relation was analyzed using Spearman’s ranked correlation coefficient, and the vertical alteration of water temperatures was analyzed using a box and whisker plot. The tested results were statistically significant. The study concluded that an increment in reservoir turbidity immensely heightens both reservoir water temperature and evaporation.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Its tumor microenvironment is characterized by severe nutrient deprivation and hypoxia, leading to the activation of adaptive pathways that allow cancer cells to survive and thrive under these harsh conditions. This makes conventional therapies less effective, highlighting the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Naphthoquinones have recently emerged as promising anti-austerity agents, demonstrating preferential cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cells in nutrient-deprived medium (NDM). To further explore their potential, we investigated the structure–activity relationships and mechanism of action of a library of 28 natural and synthetic naphthoquinones. Our results reveal a significant influence of functional groups at positions C-2, C-3, C-5, and C-6 on anticancer activity. Strong electron-donating substituents at C-3 decreased the activity, while electron-withdrawing groups at C-3 and H-bond acceptors at C-6 (without H-bond donor activity) increased the potency. The naphthoate esters 4 and 5 exhibited the strongest activity against PANC-1 cells, with PC50 values of 0.87 and 0.42 μM, respectively. These compounds significantly altered cancer cell morphology, induced apoptosis, and inhibited colony formation. Further investigation revealed that compound 5 downregulated the expression of Akt and p-Akt(S473) proteins, suggesting that its anti-austerity activity might involve suppression of the Akt signaling pathway. These findings demonstrate the immense potential of naphthoquinones as novel anticancer agents targeting the austerity-adapted pancreatic cancer cells. Further development of these promising compounds holds significant potential for treating this devastating disease.

Continuous fruit waste poses significant environmental and economic challenges, necessitating innovative fruit coating technologies. This research focuses on harnessing discarded orange peels to extract essential oil (OPEO), which is then integrated into a chitosan/aloe vera (CTS/AVG) matrix. The study comprehensively characterised the coating in terms of its physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial efficacy. The investigation involved an analysis of particle size and distribution in the coating solutions, highlighting changes induced by the incorporation of orange peel essential oil (1 %, 2 % and 3 % v/w) into the chitosan/aloe vera (4:1 v/v) matrix, including particle size reduction and enhanced Brownian motion. The study quantifies a 33.21 % decrease in water vapour transmission rate and a reduction in diffusion coefficient from 9.26 × 10–11 m2/s to 6.20 × 10–11 m2/s following the addition of OPEO to CTS/AVG. Assessment of antioxidant potential employing DPPH radical scavenging assays, revealed that CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO exhibited notably superior radical scavenging activity compared to CTS/AVG, CTS/AVG/1 %OPEO, and CTS/AVG/2 %OPEO, demonstrated by its IC50 value of 17.01 ± 0.45 mg/mL. The study employs the well diffusion method, demonstrating a higher susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to the coating solutions than gram-positive counterparts. Remarkably, CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO displayed the most pronounced inhibition against Escherichia coli, generating an inhibitory zone diameter of 14 ± 0.8 mm. The results collectively emphasised the potential of CTS/AVG/3 %OPEO as a viable natural alternative to synthetic preservatives within the fruit industry, attributed to its exceptional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Abstract not available

This study aimed to identify and evaluate the primary safety factors that contribute to accidents in downstream oil and gas construction projects in Malaysia. A quantitative approach was used, including a pilot survey and a main survey of individuals involved in these types of projects. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed on the pilot survey data, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted on the main survey results. The study identified several critical safety factors, including inadequate safety training, insufficient safety procedures, and inadequate supervision. The findings provide insights into the significant safety elements in Malaysia's oil and gas construction industry and may aid in improving both theoretical and practical aspects of construction safety in this field. This research helps to fill a gap in knowledge regarding construction safety in Malaysia's oil and gas sector by highlighting the most important contributors to accidents in this industry.

Introduction Recent years have seen an increase in linkages between survey and administrative data. It is important to evaluate the quality of such data linkages to discern the likely reliability of ensuing research. Evaluation of linkage quality and bias can be conducted using different approaches, but many of these are not possible when there is a separation of processes for linkage and analysis to help preserve privacy, as is typically the case in the UK (and elsewhere). Objectives We aimed to describe a suite of generalisable methods to evaluate linkage quality and population representativeness of linked survey and administrative data which remain tractable when users of the linked data are not party to the linkage process itself. We emphasise issues particular to longitudinal survey data throughout. Methods Our proposed approaches cover several areas: i) Linkage rates, ii) Selection into response, linkage consent and successful linkage, iii) Linkage quality, and iv) Linked data population representativeness. We illustrate these methods using a recent linkage between the 1958 National Child Development Study (NCDS; a cohort following an initial 17,415 people born in Great Britain in a single week of 1958) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) databases (containing important information regarding admissions, accident and emergency attendances and outpatient appointments at NHS hospitals in England). Results Our illustrative analyses suggest that the linkage quality of the NCDS-HES data is high and that the linked sample maintains an excellent level of population representativeness with respect to the single dimension we assessed. Conclusions Through this work we hope to encourage providers and users of linked data resources to undertake and publish thorough evaluations. We further hope that providing illustrative analyses using linked NCDS-HES data will improve the quality and transparency of research using this particular linked data resource.

Abstract Early‐stage estrogen receptor positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor negative (ER+/HER2−) luminal breast cancer (BC) is quite heterogeneous and accounts for about 70% of all BCs. Ki67 is a proliferation marker that has a significant prognostic value in luminal BC despite the challenges in its assessment. There is increasing evidence that spatial colocalization, which measures the evenness of different types of cells, is clinically important in several types of cancer. However, reproducible quantification of intra‐tumor spatial heterogeneity remains largely unexplored. We propose an automated pipeline for prognostication of luminal BC based on the analysis of spatial distribution of Ki67 expression in tumor cells using a large well‐characterized cohort (n = 2,081). The proposed Ki67 colocalization (Ki67CL) score can stratify ER+/HER2− BC patients with high significance in terms of BC‐specific survival (p

Sepsis continues to be recognized as a significant global health challenge across all ages and is characterized by a complex pathophysiology. In this scoping review, PRISMA-ScR guidelines were adhered to, and a transcriptomic methodology was adopted, with the protocol registered on the Open Science Framework. We hypothesized that gene expression analysis could provide a foundation for establishing a clinical research framework for sepsis. A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted with a particular focus on original research and systematic reviews of transcriptomic sepsis studies published between 2012 and 2022. Both coding and non-coding gene expression studies have been included in this review. An effort was made to enhance the understanding of sepsis at the mRNA gene expression level by applying a systems biology approach through transcriptomic analysis. Seven crucial components related to sepsis research were addressed in this study: endotyping (n = 64), biomarker (n = 409), definition (n = 0), diagnosis (n = 1098), progression (n = 124), severity (n = 451), and benchmark (n = 62). These components were classified into two groups, with one focusing on Biomarkers and Endotypes and the other oriented towards clinical aspects. Our review of the selected studies revealed a compelling association between gene transcripts and clinical sepsis, reinforcing the proposed research framework. Nevertheless, challenges have arisen from the lack of consensus in the sepsis terminology employed in research studies and the absence of a comprehensive definition of sepsis. There is a gap in the alignment between the notion of sepsis as a clinical phenomenon and that of laboratory indicators. It is potentially responsible for the variable number of patients within each category. Ideally, future studies should incorporate a transcriptomic perspective. The integration of transcriptomic data with clinical endpoints holds significant potential for advancing sepsis research, facilitating a consensus-driven approach, and enabling the precision management of sepsis.

Dodonaea viscosa grows widely in Saudi Arabia, but studies evaluating its neuroprotective activity are lacking. Thus, this study aimed to isolate and identify the secondary metabolites and evaluate the neuroprotective effects of D. viscosa leaves. The isolation and identification of phytochemicals were performed using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The neuroprotective potential of the extract was evaluated against focal cerebral ischaemia–reperfusion injury in rat model. Neurobehavioural deficits in the rats were evaluated, and their brains were harvested to measure infarct volume and oxidative biomarkers. Results revealed the presence of three compounds: a novel isoprenylated phenolic derivative that was elucidated as 4-hydroxy-3-(3ʹ-methyl-2ʹ-butenyl) phenyl 1-O-β-D-apiosyl-(1ʹʹʹ → 6ʹʹ)- β-D-glucopyranoside (named Viscomarfadol) and two known compounds (isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside and epicatechin (4–8) catechin). Pre-treatment of the rats with the extract improved neurological outcomes. It significantly reduced neurological deficits and infarct volume; significantly reduced lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by decreased malondialdehyde levels; and significantly elevated antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione) activities. These results indicate that D. viscosa is a promising source of bioactive compounds that can improve neurological status, decrease infarct volume, and enhance antioxidant activities in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury. Thus, D. viscosa could be developed into an adjuvant therapy for ischaemic stroke and other oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative disorders. Further investigations are warranted to explore other bioactive compounds in D. viscosa and evaluate their potential neuroprotective activities.

Pectinolytic enzymes are among the important group of industrial enzymes that have wide applications in different food industries. In this study, pectinase-based silica nanocarriers were synthesized using co-precipitation and cross-linking techniques. The resulting silica nanoparticles were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive electron microscopy (EDEX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for determination of its morphology, elemental composition, and crystalline pattern. Under the optimal immobilization conditions like 1.5 % glutaraldehyde, 3000 IU/mg pectinase concentration, 90 min immobilization time and 40 °C immobilization temperature, pectinase showed maximum immobilization yield. The immobilization of pectinase onto the silica nanocarriers led to enhanced catalytic characteristics, displaying higher enzymatic activity across various temperature and pH levels compared to soluble pectinase. Moreover, the immobilization substantially improved the temperature stability of pectinase, exhibiting 100 % of its initial activity even after 120 h of pre-incubation at 50 °C. Additionally, the silica nanocarrier pectinase retained 100 % of its original activity even after being reused 10 times in a single batch of reactions. These findings indicate that the immobilization of silica nanocarriers effectively enhances pectinase's industrial capabilities, making it economically feasible for industrial use and an efficient system for various biotechnological applications.

Abstract This article presents that acrylate copolymers are the potential candidate against the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). A series of copolymers poly(methyl methacrylate) (pMMA), poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) p(SPMA-co-MMA), and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) p(DMAEMA-co-MMA) were synthesized via free radical polymerization. These amphiphilic copolymers are thermally stable with a glass transition temperature (Tg) 50–120 °C and observed the impact of surface charge on amphiphilic copolymers to control interactions with the bovine serum albumin (BSA). These copolymers pMD1 and pMS1 have surface charges, − 56.6 and − 72.6 mV at pH 7.4 in PBS buffer solution that controls the adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on polymers surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed minimum roughness of 0.324 nm and 0.474 nm for pMS1 and pMD1. Kinetic studies for BSA adsorption on these amphiphilic copolymers showed the best fitting of the pseudo-first-order model that showed physisorption and attained at 25 °C and pH 7.4 within 24 h.

Abstract Background Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) poses a grave threat to public health due to increased mortality and morbidity caused by typhoid fever. Honey is a promising antibacterial agent, and we aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of honey against XDR S. Typhi. Methods We isolated 20 clinical isolates of XDR S. Typhi from pediatric septicemic patients and determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of different antibiotics against the pathogens using the VITEK 2 Compact system. Antimicrobial-resistant genes carried by the isolates were identified using PCR. The antibacterial efficacy of five Pakistani honeys was examined using agar well diffusion assay, and their MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined with the broth microdilution method. Results All 20 isolates were confirmed as S. Typhi. The antibiogram phenotype was confirmed as XDR S. Typhi with resistance to ampicillin (≥ 32 µg/mL), ciprofloxacin (≥ 4 µg/mL), and ceftriaxone (≥ 4 µg/mL) and sensitivity to azithromycin (≤ 16 µg/mL) and carbapenems (≤ 1 µg/mL). Molecular conformation revealed the presence of bla TM-1 , Sul1, qnrS, gyrA, gyrB, and bla CTX-M-15 genes in all isolates. Among the five honeys, beri honey had the highest zone of inhibition of 7–15 mm and neem honey had a zone of inhibition of 7–12 mm. The MIC and MBC of beri honey against 3/20 (15%) XDR S. Typhi isolates were 3.125 and 6.25%, respectively, while the MIC and MBC of neem were 3.125 and 6.25%, respectively, against 3/20 (15%) isolates and 6.25 and 12.5%, respectively, against 7/20 (35%) isolates. Conclusion Indigenous honeys have an effective role in combating XDR S. Typhi. They are potential candidates for clinical trials as alternative therapeutic options against XDR S. Typhi isolates.

This paper explores the intricate interplay between author, character, and reader in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Through a detailed analysis, the study investigates how Swift constructs a multifaceted web of relationships that both vexes and diverts the reader. By examining the satirical nuances and narrative techniques employed by Swift, the paper elucidates the complex dynamics between Gulliver's evolving perspective and the reader's reception of his voyages. The analysis reveals how Swift's sophisticated manipulation of irony and satire not only critiques contemporary society but also engages readers in a deeper reflection on human nature and societal constructs. Ultimately, this study highlights the enduring relevance of "Gulliver's Travels" and its ability to provoke thought and entertain through its layered narrative and rich character development.

Background: Patient selection for real-world use of HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device (HM3 LVAD) differs from that of clinical trials. We assessed adverse-event rates between “nontrial like” (NTL) and “trial like” (TL) patients who underwent commercial HM3 implantation. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 231 consecutive patients who underwent primary HM3 implant from October 2017 to December 2021. Patients were identified as NTL if they met ≥1 exclusion criteria from the Mulitcenter Study of MagLev Technology in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Therapy with HeartMate 3 (MOMENTUM 3) trial and TL if they had no exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was freedom from death, heart failure hospitalization, LVAD-related infection, and hemocompatibility-related adverse events including major gastrointestinal bleed, all-cause stroke, and pump thrombosis. Results: Of the 231 patients (median age 59 years, 24% female), 105 (45%) were categorized as NTL, most commonly due to low albumin and/or prealbumin levels alone (n = 48) followed by the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support alone (n = 10) and having ≥2 exclusion criteria (n = 26). Compared to the TL group, the NTL group had a lower 1-year event-free survival (34% vs 48%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.5[1.01-2.0], p = 0.043). One-year overall survival was 82% in NTL group vs 95% in TL group (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 3.3[1.1-8.7], p = 0.013). Post-HM3 adverse events were associated with the presence of ≥2 exclusion criteria (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 1.8[1.06-3.1], p = 0.028); and veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support prior to HM3 (adjusted HR [95%CI]: 1.9[1.08-3.4], p = 0.026). Conclusions: In this multicenter cohort of HM3 patients, those outside of traditional clinical trial eligibility had a significantly lower 1-year event-free survival.

Purpose: Developing comparative analysis between negative and positive health habits among young adults in wake of social media usage among youth in Lahore – Pakistan and New York, USA, is the core objective of this research. Different parameters applied on habits of young adults due to social media usage revealed excessive use of social media was resulting into negative effects on healthy habits of young adults in Pakistan, wherein social media was the least preference in USA. The purpose of the study was achieved to great extent. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study employed in-depth interviews qualitative method to extract detailed opinions about the phenomenon under exploration. In-depth interview technique seemed the most appropriate method for qualitative studies for data collection. Findings: A massive gulf between social media consuming habits of Pakistani and Americans owing to multiple factors was established from this study. With the support of relevant stakeholders including cellular companies, prominent figures of society and Tech icons in USA has chalked out a comprehensive social-structural mechanism for wellbeing of the society at large particularly the young adults wherein the developing nations including Pakistan has least concern about this important component of social wellbeing. Implications/Originality/Value: The US citizens love to enjoy through physical activities i.e., plan weekends and other events and even they avoid using cell phones / social media while dinning collectively at restaurants. In Lahore, however, the youngsters have developed negative social media usage habits which are highly affecting their healthy lifestyle.

This study reveals that online video games have emerged as a novel platform for social interaction, wherein numerous gaming options facilitate player’s competition and collective interaction within the virtual realm. Gamers have increasingly begun to form distinct virtual social communities due to the inherent capacity of these games to facilitate social networking in a multiplayer online setting. This phenomenon has given rise to a unique social dynamic among video game enthusiasts. The present study delves into an exploration of the social gaming behaviour exhibited by participants engaged in multiplayer online games. Additionally, it seeks to establish a correlation between virtual and real-world behaviours by examining the relationship between destructive and constructive social behaviours and the dominance and affiliation dimensions of social interaction. Purpose: Online gaming has become a unique phenomenon among the young players with a significant influence on them. The basic objective of this study was to determine the social interaction caused by online gaming among young game players. This study conducted in Pakistani perspective has achieved the objections set to analyze the influence of online gaming and increased level of social interaction. Design/Methodology/Approach: To conduct this investigation, an online survey was administered to individuals who regularly engage in multiplayer gaming activities and dedicate a substantial portion of their daily time to gaming. The study sample consisted of 200 gamers spanning an age range of 16 to 30 years. Findings: The results of this inquiry shed light on the prevalence of pro-social behaviour and anti-social behaviour, characterized by constructive and destructive actions among gamers, respectively. Furthermore, the study reveals that destructive behaviour negatively predicts affiliation, while constructive behaviour has a positive predictive influence on affiliation. Moreover, certain demographic variables, such as age and gender, exert a significant impact on the prediction of dominance within the gaming community. The findings of this study provide substantial support for the notion that virtual social interactions have a notable influence on real-world behaviours, underscoring the interconnectedness between the online gaming environment and broader social dynamics. Implications/Originality/Value: Online gaming has become a common practice not only among young adults but also among the minors. Thus, this phenomenon has reduced physical activities among the youth and even among the school going children. This study may provide an insight into the matter and possible appropriate recommendations as well.

Purpose: This study examines the internal factors that are influencing profitability in Pakistani Islamic banks during the period 2016-2021. Design/Methodology/Approach: The analysis utilizes panel data regression models to address potential estimation bias. Findings: The study covers key Pakistani Islamic bank financial performance criteria. Internal factors significantly affect ROE and EPS. Gearing and capital ratios enhance ROE/EPS. Due to increased capitalization and leverage, Islamic banks' capital management is vital to profitability. ROE and NIM models are affected by deposits. Deposit funding drives Islamic bank profitability and interest income. In the NIM model, liquidity and NPL ratios affect ROE and EPS significantly. Asset quality and liquidity management effect interest income, not profits. Bank size does affect ROE and EPS models, which is notable in the findings. Islamic financial institutions can prioritize specialization and efficiency over expansion. These numbers indicate Pakistani Islamic banks' finances. Capitalization, leverage control, and deposit mobilization are key to financial success, while risk management ensures stability and profitability during economic downturns. Implications/Originality/Value: The detailed investigation shows Pakistan's Islamic banking profitability. Deposit management, capital structure, and asset quality impact profitability. Capitalization and leverage improve earnings, therefore financial management matters. Deposit management is vital to profitability since it affects performance. Recession-sensitive Islamic banks show resiliency. NPA mitigation and liquidity management affect net interest margin, as a key driver. This research offers valuable insights for internal management strategies and regulatory frameworks aimed at enhancing the stability and growth of Islamic banking in the region.

Objective: To compare early post-operative outcomes of Single versus Multiple Arterial grafts in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. Study Design: Analytical Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Adult Cardiac Surgery, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2022 to May 2023. Methodology: One hundred and forty nine patients planned for elective isolated CABG (with two or more grafts) were enrolled in study using consecutive sampling. They were allocated into two groups, group A (Multiple Arterial CABG group) and group B (Conventional CABG group). Data was collected on early post-op outcomes i.e. ICU stay, ventilation time, inotropic duration, chest drainage, rhythm complications including Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) and mortality using a structured proforma. Chi-square and t-test were applied to make comparison between both groups. p

Objective: To assess outcome of Left Atrial reduction plasty and sinus rhythm restoration in patients undergoing Mitral valve surgery with chronic Atrial Fibrillation. Study Design: Longitudinal study. Place and Duration of Study: Adult Cardiac Surgery Unit, Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology/National Institute of Heart Diseases, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2017-Jun 2022. Methodology: Thirty three (n=33) patients with mitral valve disease were recruited via convenience sampling, all of whom exhibited an enlarged left atrium and pre-operative Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Pre-operative cardiac evaluations were performed using Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE). Pre- and post-surgery trans-esophageal echocardiography studies were conducted as a routine procedure. Follow-up echocardiographic assessments were carried out at intervals of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, alongside Electrocardiograms (ECGs). During surgery, median sternotomy was done. Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) time was established followed by cardiac arrest. After Mitral valve Repair/Replacement (MVR), Left Atrial (LA) plication was done by a double needle. Results: Out of thirty three (n=33) patients, 25(75.7%) females and 8(24.2%) male patients, with mean age of 44.3±15.5 years, underwent mitral valve surgery(repair/replacement) followed by LA reduction & sinus rhythm restoration procedure. Complete restoration of sinus rhythm with re-appearance of “a” wave on echocardiography, signifying LA transport function through mitral valve was observed in 31(93.9%) patients on 3rd month and only 1(3.0%) individual continued to have persistent AF after 6 months. (83.70±2.50 mm vs. 47.50±1.08 mm) (p

Objective: To determine the efficacy of Ondansetron as a prophylctic agent in patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of study: Adult Cardiac Surgery Department, AFIC/NIHD Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2022 to Feb 2023. Methodology: A total of 156 patients undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery irrespective of age and gender were included in the study via nonprobability consecutive sampling. Patients who had a previous history of psychiatric illness, and those in whom delirium could not be reliably tested were excluded from the study. The study population was divided into two groups (group A and group B). Those in the group A received 8mg Ondansetron intravenously on zero, first and second post-operative day. Group B did not receive any intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to measure percentages, frequencies and Mean±SD. Comparison between variables was made by Chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. p