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O composto de lixo urbano é um material orgânico rico em alguns nutrientes, comumente utilizado na formulação de substratos para produção de mudas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses de composto de lixo em atributos químicos do solo. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em Campina Grande, PB, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 10 tubetes por parcela. Os tratamentos corresponderam a quatro doses de composto de lixo urbano (0, 10, 20 e 40% - v/v) adicionadas a um solo Neossolo Regolítico arenoso. Tubetes de 288 cm³ foram utilizados como recipiente de incubação. A mistura de solo e composto de lixo orgânico foi incubada durante 40 dias, em umidade do solo equivalente a 60% da capacidade de campo. Após a incubação os substratos foram analisados para determinação de pH em CaCl2 e teor de Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Soma de bases trocáveis e capacidade de troca de cátions (mmol c dm-3), Saturação de bases (%) e Teor de matéria orgânica (g kg-1). O uso de composto de lixo urbano na formulação de substratos para o cultivo de plantas em recipientes contribui significativamente para a melhoria da fertilidade do substrato. The urban waste compost is an organic material rich in some nutrients, commonly used as an ingredient in substrates for seedling production. The effects of addition of waste compost on the chemical properties of substrate were evaluated in a greenhouse experiment conducted in Campina Grande, PB under a completely randomized design with four replications and 10 polytubes per plot. The treatments consisted of 4 doses of compost (0, 10, 20 and 40% - v/v) added to samples of sandy Entisol. Polytubes of 288 cm³ were used as containers for incubation. The mixture of soil and organic waste compost was incubated for 40 days at moisture content equivalent to 60% of field capacity. After the incubation the substrates were analyzed for pH in CaCl2 and content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, sum of cations (mmol c dm-3), cation exchange capacity (mmol c dm-3), base saturation (%) and organic matter (g kg-1)). The fertility of substrate increased with the addition of urban waste compost.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T01:26:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Leaf analysis is an important tool for prediction of nutritional disorders and evaluation of nutritional status of plants. This procedure only can be effective if samples are standardized regarding leaf position and phenological stage of the branch. This study had the objective of defining the most appropriate leaf position and type of branch for nutritional diagnosis of Jatropha plants. A factorial combination of five leaf positions (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 5th, and 10th node from apex to base) and two types of branch (vegetative and flowering) was adopted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Each leaf sample was collected in 4 secondary branches of 20 plants in the flowering phase. Leaves in the position 2 and 3 are the most adequate for analyzing N, P, K, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, because they present mean values more stable when compared to the other studied positions. Leaves in the position 5 and 10 are more adequate for analyzing Ca and Mg. The phenological stage of the branch does not influence nutrient content, except of Cu and Fe. FAPESQ/PB/CNPq, Rua Osvaldo Cruz 1143, Centenário, CEP 58428-095, Campina Grande, PB Texas Tech University Embrapa Algodão, Lubbock, TX Departamento de Tecnologia/UNESP, CEP 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, SP UAEA, Rua Aprígio Veloso 882, Bodocongó, CEP 58429-140, Campina Grande, PB Embrapa Algodão, Rua Osvaldo Cruz 1143, Centenário, CEP 58107-720, Campina Grande, PB Departamento de Tecnologia/UNESP, CEP 14.884-900, Jaboticabal, SP

Tradicionalmente, a propagação do pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) é realizada através de sementes; e em muitas situações a propagação vegetativa é uma importante alternativa para a propagação desta espécie. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar como o comprimento e a parte do ramo de onde se extraem as estacas influenciam a capacidade de enraizamento adventício e de crescimento de mudas de pinhão-manso. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sendo os fatores três posições da estaca no ramo (apical, mediana e basal) e quatro comprimentos de estaca (10, 15, 20 e 25 cm). Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela. Aos 70 dias após o estaqueamento foi avaliado o número de brotações e de ramos formados, o comprimento dos ramos, número de folhas, área foliar, número de raízes, massa seca de brotações e massa seca de raízes, cujos resultados indicaram que a posição do ramo em que se extrai a estaca de pinhão-manso (base, meio ou ápice) não influencia o crescimento inicial ou a formação das mudas; no entanto, o comprimento da estaca modifica o crescimento inicial das mudas sendo que o maior crescimento é obtido com estacas em torno de 22 cm. Jatropha curcas is traditionally propagated by seed. However, in several situations the vegetative propagation is an important alternative and its technology needs to be developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate how the length and the portion of the branch from where the cuttings are extracted, influence the rooting and growth capacity of Jatropha cuttings. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design, with three cutting positions (apical, middle and basal) and four cutting lengths (10, 15, 20, and 25 cm). A completely randomized design with four replications and ten cuttings per plot was adopted. At 70 days after planting, the cuttings were evaluated for the number of sprouts and branches, branch length, number of leaves, leaf area, number of roots, and dry mass of shoots and roots. The position from where the cuttings are extracted (apical, middle or basal) did not influence its capacity for rooting and the growth of the seedlings. The cutting length influences the initial growth, and the best growth was obtained in cuttings of around 22 cm.

Metabolism alterations were evaluated in female Wistar rats (dams) during pregnancy. Pregnant and non-pregnant dams submitted to protein restriction, were fed isocaloric (15.74 kJ/g), control or hypoproteic (17% vs. 6%) diets, and distributed in four Groups (n=7) as follows: non-pregnant control (NPC), pregnant control (PC), non-pregnant hypoproteic (NPH), and pregnant hypoproteic (PH); from Day 1 to Day 18 of pregnancy. Biochemical, hormonal and metabolic parameters related to lipid synthesis were assessed. The two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey-HSD and Student-t tests were used, with a significance of p0.05. Protein restriction elevated lipid synthesis and malic enzyme (ME) activity in the liver, and reduced mass and the lipid/glycogen ratio in this tissue; it also lowered protein ingestion (total and %), lipid content (%) in the mammary gland (MAG), serum proteins and albumin, with consequent reduction of placenta and fetal masses. Pregnancy reduced serum protein and albumin concentrations, lipid synthesis, ME activity, hepatic lipid and glycogen content. However, it increased final body mass; increased relative masses of gonad (GON), liver and MAG; but reduced lipid synthesis and content of GON, lipid content of MAG and the relative mass of carcass. Pregnancy Insulinemia increased during pregnancy with reduced glycemia, characterizing hormonal resistance. Leptin and prolactin were also increased during pregnancy, being the highest increase in observed in HP rats. Protein restriction in pregnancy modified maternal metabolism, altering lipid synthesis in the liver and hormonal profile and decreasing the placenta and fetus masses.

Old yellow enzyme (OYE) is a NAD(P)H flavin oxidoreductase that in Trypanosoma cruzi (TcOYE) catalyzes prostaglandin PGF2alpha synthesis and reduction of some trypanocidal drugs. We performed DNA microarray analysis and it revealed that the levels of transcription of the TcOYE gene were six-fold lower in a T. cruzi population with in vitro-induced resistance to benznidazole (BZ) (17LER) than in the wild-type (17WTS). Further we investigated the TcOYE levels in 15 T. cruzi strains and clones that were either susceptible or naturally resistant to BZ and nifurtimox, or had in vivo-selected resistance to BZ. Northern blot and real-time RT-PCR analyses confirmed our finding that TcOYE transcription levels were lower in 17LER than in 17WTS. In contrast, we detected no differences in TcOYE transcription levels between other T. cruzi samples. All T. cruzi strains contained four copies of TcOYE gene, except 17LER that contained only one. A 42kDa TcOYE protein was detected in all T. cruzi strains tested. The expression of this protein was similar for all samples, with the exception of 17LER for which the protein was nearly seven-fold less expressed. The chromosomal location of the TcOYE gene and the polymorphisms detected in TcOYE nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the T. cruzi strains are associated with the zymodeme but not with drug-resistance phenotype. Our data show that one of the mechanisms conferring in vitro-induced BZ resistance to T. cruzi correlates with deletion of copies of the TcOYE gene. In contrast, the in vivo and natural resistance to BZ are mediated by different mechanisms.

A biofilm is a community of microorganisms attached to a solid surface. Cells within biofilms differ from planktonic cells, showing higher resistance to biocides, detergent, antibiotic treatments and host defense responses. Even though there are a number of gene expression studies in bacterial biofilm formation, limited information is available concerning plant pathogen. It was previously demonstrated that the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa could grow as a biofilm, a possibly important factor for its pathogenicity. In this study we utilized analysis of microarrays to specifically identify genes expressed in X. fastidiosa cells growing in a biofilm, when compared to planktonic cells. About half of the differentially expressed genes encode hypothetical proteins, reflecting the large number of ORFs with unknown functions in bacterial genomes. However, under the biofilm condition we observed an increase in the expression of some housekeeping genes responsible for metabolic functions. We also found a large number of genes from the pXF51 plasmid being differentially expressed. Some of the overexpressed genes in the biofilm condition encode proteins involved in attachment to surfaces. Other genes possibly confer advantages to the bacterium in the environment that it colonizes. This study demonstrates that the gene expression in the biofilm growth condition of the plant pathogen X. fastidiosa is quite similar to other characterized systems.

Xylella fastidiosa strains are responsible for several plant diseases and since such isolates display a broad host range and complex biological behavior, genomic comparisons employing microarray hybridizations may provide an effective method to compare them. Thus, we performed a thorough validation of this type of approach using two recently sequenced strains of this phytopathogen. By matching microarray hybridization results to direct sequence comparisons, we were able to establish precise cutoff ratios for common and exclusive sequences, allowing the identification of exclusive genes involved in important biological traits. This validation will enable the use of microarray-based comparisons across a wide variety of microorganisms

A case of bladder tumour arising as a metastasis of renal carcinoma and presenting as obstruction to urinary outflow is described. The possible mechanism of spread to bladder is also suggested.