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Spectrum of lesions that occur in the jaws have a cyst-like radiographic appearance. These lesions may be odontogenic or non-odontogenic and are often difficult to differentiate them on the basis of their clinical, radiographic features alone. Among odontogenic lesions without mineralization, ameloblastomas, odontogenic keratocysts, and dentigerous cysts can all appear as well-defined, unilocular, well-corticated, lucent lesions that can mimic with non-odontogenic cysts and tumors like nasopalatine duct cyst, aneurysmal bone cyst, central giant cell granuloma, hemangioma and so on. So understanding the pathogenesis of these lesions become the most imperative criteria for determining the additional investigations and treatment protocol. We hereby discuss 8 diagnosed cases of odontogenic and non-odontogenic jaw lesions, which were retrospectively visualized in cone beam computed tomography(CBCT), and an association of gubernaculum tract(cord) with odontogenic origin lesions was demonstrated.

We report for the first time the green synthesis of carbon nanodots (g-CDs) from the peels of T. cucumerina by simple hydrothermal route. An in-situ liquid phase process was adopted for the design of the monoclinic tungsten trioxide (m-WO3)- based nanostructure with g-CDs to obtain a bi-functional g-CDs/m-WO3 system. Characterization techniques, such as X- Ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microcsopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersion X-Ray Analysis (EDX), Fourier Transformed Infra-Red (FTIR), Ultra Violet Defuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Photoluminescence Emission Spectroscopy (PLES) were employed for the morphological, dimensional, chemical and optical analysis. The efficiency in the adsorption of the heavy metal, namely Cd2+ ions of the m-WO3 was found improved in the formated nanocomposite with g-CDs to 81%. The detailed adsorption kinetics study through the adsorption isotherms revealed that the reaction mechanism can be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model determined by Freundlich isotherms. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the crystal violet dye under the visible light was found significantly enhanced to 95% for the studied composite. The photocatalytic ability of the nanocomposite was found remaining almost intact even after four repeated cycles. A study in the presence of different scavengers suggested that the hydroxyl radicals play a crucial role in determining the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite. An improvement in the structural stability and charge carrier separation kinetics was achieved by carefully growing the m-WO3 nanostructures in g-CDs. These resultes have revealed the integrated adsorptive and photocatalytic capabilities of the studied nanocomposites for the waste water treatment. Keywords: Tungsten oxide, Carbon dots, Green synthesis, Cadmium removal, Photocatalysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is caused by the novel coronavirus, which has affected 184 countries and the WHO has declared it a pandemic on March 2020. Allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma are exaggerated by viral infections. Symptoms of allergic diseases overlap with COVID 19. Current recommendations include following social distancing and frequent hand washing. Confusion exists regarding the use of corticosteroids, biologicals, and immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic diseases during COVID 19 season. Due to the use of Personal Protective Equipments, reports of contact dermatitis are emerging among health-care workers. Remote consultation, like telemedicine, is a valuable tool in this pandemic. This article aims to provide guidance on the management of allergic diseases taking into consideration existing evidence and guidelines from international organizations and the feasibility of implementation in India.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruption in everyone's lives globally. Optometrists, being primary health care professionals are at a higher risk of infection in their practices during these testing times. Optometrists and optical store owners need practically implementable guidelines as lockdown gets lifted in various parts of our country. As these practices gear up to provide eye examination and vision correction to people, they need to take necessary precautions to avoid any cross contaminations. Optometry Council of India guidelines were circulated among optometry and optical associations and among experts in various optometry specialty. A consensus among various bodies were arrived. These guidelines provide recommendation for optical and optometry practices.

Solution combustion was employed to create a series of ZrO2:Dy3+ (1-11 mol percent) nanoparticles (NPs) using oxalyl dihydrazide (ODH) as the fuel. ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs were subjected to calcination at about 700°C. ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs comprised of 1 to 11 mol% of Dy3+ were characterized by employing the X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopic (TEM), UV-visible, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) techniques. The crystallite diameters of 1 to 11 mol% ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs were observed to range from 8.1 nm to 16.3 nm, exhibiting spherical shape. According to BET tests, the pore volume of ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs was determined to be 100.129 cm3/g. The mean pore diameter of ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs was determined to be 4.803 nm from the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) plot. The photoluminescence and photocatalytic dye degradation properties of ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs were investigated. The acid red 88 (AR88) dye was applied to appraise the photocatalytic activities of the NPs under UV irradiation. ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs with 3 mol% Dy3+ exhibited improvised photocatalytic activity due to the operative departure of charge carriers. The electrochemical examination of ZrO2:Dy3+ NP modified carbon paste electrode in 0.1 N HCl demonstrated considerable redox potential output, as evidenced by cyclic voltammetric and amperometric measurements. The electrochemical sensor studies on ZrO2:Dy3+ NPs exhibited potentiality towards sensing of highly toxic metals like mercury and lead.

The synthesis of dihydropyridines, valuable molecules with diverse therapeutic properties, using eco-friendly heterogeneous catalysts as a green alternative received significant consideration. By selecting appropriate precursors, these compounds can be readily modified to induce the desired properties in the target product. This review focused on synthesising diverse dihydropyridine derivatives in single-pot reactions using magnetic, silica, and zirconium-based heterogeneous catalytic systems. The monograph describes preparation techniques for various catalyst materials in detail. It covers facile and benign magnetic, silica, zirconium-based, and ionic liquid catalysts, exhibiting significant efficacy and consistently facilitating excellent yields in short reaction times and in a cost-effective way. Most of the designated protocols employ Hantzsch reactions involving substituted aldehydes, active methylene compounds, and ammonium acetate. These reactions presumably follow Knoevenagel condensation followed by Michael addition and intra-molecular cyclisation. The multicomponent one-pot protocols using green catalysts and solvents have admirably increased the product selectivity and yields while minimising the reaction time. These sustainable catalyst materials retain their viability for several cycles reducing the expenditure are eco-friendly.

Background: To examine the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin (IL) genes and keratitis and its clinical manifestations. Methods: SNPs in IL1B, IL6, CXCL8, IL10, and IL12B were analysed. Differences in frequencies of alleles, genotypes and haplotypes between cases and controls as well as associations between SNPs and clinical variables were calculated by χ2 tests with odds ratios. Results: The minor homologous genotype in IL1B rs16944 (p = 0.036; odds ratio (OR) = 2.063, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.048–4.061) and CXCL8 rs4073 (p = 0.041; OR = 0.463, 95% CI: 0.224–0.956) and the heterologous genotypes in IL6 rs1800795 (p = 0.046; OR = 0.563, 95% CI: 0.326–0.972) and IL12B rs2569254 (p = 0.0446; OR = 0.557, 95% CI: 0.314–0.989) or rs730691 (p = 0.0051; OR = 0.451, 95% CI: 0.260–0.784) were associated with keratitis. The minor genotype of rs16944 was associated with severe infection (p = 0.046). The heterologous genotype in rs2569254 was associated with hospital admission, photophobia, and mode of contact lens wear (p ≤ 0.041). The heterologous genotype in rs730691 was associated with blurred vision, discharge, anterior chamber reaction, and mode of wear (p ≤ 0.047). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that SNPs in IL1B and CXCL8 are associated with risk of developing keratitis. The study also found relationships between SNPs and clinical measures of keratitis. The potential for ethnic differences in frequency of SNPs and their association with keratitis should be followed up using different populations.

Pyrans are one of the most significant skeletons of oxygen-containing heterocyclic molecules, which exhibit a broad spectrum of medicinal applications and are constituents of diverse natural product analogues. Various biological applications of these pyran analogues contributed to the growth advances in these oxygen-containing molecules. Green one-pot methodologies for synthesising these heterocyclic molecules have received significant attention. This review focuses on the recent developments in synthesising pyran ring derivatives using reusable catalysts and emphasises the multicomponent reaction strategies using green protocols. The advantages of the catalysts in terms of yields, reaction conditions, and recyclability are discussed.

Background: Orofacial pain disorders and their management forms an important and integral part of our oral medicine specialty. Only oral physicians are well-trained to provide non-surgical treatment of these complex disorders. Today, the escalating costs of drugs and several adverse effects associated with modern medicines have led to the search of alternative systems all over the world. Hence, this study is an effort to assess the efficacy of holistic approaches (naturopathy and yoga) alone as well as in combination with pharmacological therapy in the treatment of chronic orofacial pain of non-odontogenic origin. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 patients who were randomized into three groups A, B and C, each group consisting of 20 patients (10 of myofascial pain and 10 of trigeminal neuralgia). In group A it was prescribed conventional medicines for their respective treatment. Holistic approaches (naturopathy and yoga) were added with conventional pharmacological therapy in group B and only holistic approaches were performed in group C. The duration of treatment was of 3 months a and the patients were analysed using pain scale, quality of life scale (QOL) and stress scale after every ten days follow-up. Results: The patients of trigeminal neuralgia showed best result when treated with pharmacological treatment. The holistic approaches showed significant results only when combined with pharmacological therapy for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. On the other hand, holistic approaches works best in myofascial pain both alone and in combination with pharmacological therapy. Acupuncture and facial massage along with yoga have a great impact on quality of life by reducing stress and anxiety of the patient. Conclusion: Holistic approaches are useful means in treating patients with chronic orofacial pain as it eliminates the risk of adverse effects associated with long term use of muscle relaxants and anti-convulsants.

We report a highly efficient green protocol for developing a novel library of 1,2,4-triazole-tagged 1,4-dihydropyridine analogs through the one-pot process from the four-component fusion of the 1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine with different chosen aldehydes, diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and active methylene compounds in a water medium under microwave irradiation and catalyst-free conditions. Excellent yields (94–97%) of the target products were achieved with high selectivity with a short reaction time (

Objectives: To document the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profile of all children with scrub typhus at a tertiary care centre in Chennai between September 2010 and June 2011. Methods: The case records of all children admitted and diagnosed with scrub typhus between September 2010 and June 2011 were analysed to look for salient clinical and laboratory parameters. Results: During the study period, 52 children were admitted with scrub typhus in the authors' hospital. The presenting complaints included fever in all cases. Other symptoms included swelling of legs (50 %) and vomiting (45 %). 13 % presented with CNS symptoms. The commonest physical findings included eschar (67 %), hepatomegaly (94 %), splenomegaly (73 %) and third spacing (67 %). Salient lab parameters included packed cell volume (PCV) <30 (48 %), leucocytosis (56 %), positive C-reactive protein (CRP) (92 %), hypoalbuminemia (79 %). Common complications included acute kidney injury (10 %) and peripheral gangrene (4 %). There was no mortality in the present case series. Conclusions: The clinical profile of children with scrub typhus in a tertiary care centre is reported. Eschar and hepatosplenomegaly with a high CRP value is helpful in diagnosis. All patients responded well to the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oncologists all over the globe, relentlessly research on methodologies for detection of cancer and precise localization of cancer therapeutics with minimal adverse effects on healthy tissues. Since the previous decade, the fast growing research in nanotechnology has shown promising possibilities for achieving this dream of every oncologist.Nanorobots (or nanobots) are typical devices ranging in size from 0.1 to 10 μm and constructed of nanoscale or molecular components. Robots will augment the surgeon's motor performance, diagnostic capability and sensations with haptics and augmented reality. The article here aims in briefly describing the architecture of the nanorobots and their role in oncotherapy. Although, research into nanorobots is still in its preliminary stages, the promise of such technology is endless. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The whole plant extract of acalyphaindica and croton bonplandianum obtained cold extraction of mixture of ethanol and water was chosen for pharmacological screening. The Swiss albino mice are subjected to extract at 125 mg/kg to check the CNS depressant activity by actophotometer test. The test and standard were given orally. After 60 min. the animal are placed in to the actophotometer and observation were recorded at the interval of 90, 120 and 180 min. acalyphaindica showed CNS depressant effect but crotonbonplandianum has no depressant activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a considerable global health challenge, emphasizing the need for precise and prompt prediction of disease progression to enable early intervention and enhance patient outcomes. As per this study, we introduce an innovative fusion deep learning model that combines a Graph Neural Network (GNN) and a tabular data model for predicting CKD progression by capitalizing on the strengths of both graph-structured and tabular data representations. The GNN model processes graph-structured data, uncovering intricate relationships between patients and their medical conditions, while the tabular data model adeptly manages patient-specific features within a conventional data format. An extensive comparison of the fusion model, GNN model, tabular data model, and a baseline model was conducted utilizing various evaluation metrics, encompassing accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The fusion model exhibited outstanding performance across all metrics, underlining its augmented capacity for predicting CKD progression. The GNN model's performance closely trailed the fusion model, accentuating the advantages of integrating graph-structured data into the prediction process. Hyperparameter optimization was performed using grid search, ensuring a fair comparison among the models. The fusion model displayed consistent performance across diverse data splits, demonstrating its adaptability to dataset variations and resilience against noise and outliers. In conclusion, the proposed fusion deep learning model, which amalgamates the capabilities of both the GNN model and the tabular data model, substantially surpasses the individual models and the baseline model in predicting CKD progression. This pioneering approach provides a more precise and dependable method for early detection and management of CKD, highlighting its potential to advance the domain of precision medicine and elevate patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]