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201. The LOFT wide field monitor

Author

René Hudec, J. J. M. in 't Zand, P. Azzarello, A. A. Zdziarski, Slawomir Suchy, Cordelia Schmid, Enrico Bozzo, Riccardo Campana, Juhani Huovelin, Marco Feroci, J. L. Galvez Sanchez, J. W. den Herder, D. Karelin, G. Zampa, Andrea Santangelo, Didier Barret, Niels Lund, M. Hernanz, A. Rachevski, Jörn Wilms, Budtz-Jørgensen, Piotr Orleanski, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Stéphane Schanne, E. Del Monte, M. Pohl, C. Tenzer, Søren Brandt, N. Zampa, D. Gotz, S. Korpela, Leidy Marisol Salazar Álvarez, Flemming Hansen, and A. Vacchi

Subjects
Cosmic Vision, ESA Missions, Vision, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, Silicon Drift Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Field of view, ddc:500.2, X-ray sources, Coded Mask Imaging, Observatory, X-rays, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), LOFT Wide Field Monitor, media_common, Compact Objects, Equipment and services, Sensors, Applied Mathematics, Detector, Astronomy, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutron star, Sky, Gamma Ray Bursts, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, ddc:520, Transient (oscillation), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

LOFT (Large Observatory For x-ray Timing) is one of the four missions selected in 2011 for assessment study for the ESA M3 mission in the Cosmic Vision program, expected to be launched in 2024. The LOFT mission will carry two instruments with their prime sensitivity in the 2-30 keV range: a 10 m^2 class large area detector (LAD) with a, Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8443, Paper No. 8443-88

Published
2012

202. Measuring the size of the proton

Author

Joe Niemela, L. Stoychev, N. Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, M. M. Dzagli, Miltcho B. Danailov, K. S. Gadedjisso-Tossou, Dimitar Bakalov, Alexander Demidovich, Paul Urbach, Andrzej Adamczak, Maurizio Bonesini, Kumar Sumeet, Michail Stoilov, Giuseppe Battistoni, Nandini Bhattacharya, Mirko Boezio, Roberta Ramponi, W. Bonvicini, and Benjamin Andreson

Subjects
Nuclear magnetic resonance, Materials science, Proton
Published
2012

203. Simulations of the X-ray imaging capabilities of the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) for the LOFT Wide Field Monitor

Author

Søren Brandt, I. Donnarumma, Fabio Muleri, Y. Evangelista, Riccardo Campana, Marco Feroci, Luigi Pacciani, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, E. Del Monte, Margarita Hernanz, A. Rachevski, Gianluigi Zampa, Carl Budtz-Jørgensen, Paolo Soffitta, and Slawomir Suchy

Subjects
Simulations, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, LOFT Wide Field Monitor, SDD, Silicon Drift Detectors, Spatial resolution, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Active galactic nucleus, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Optics, Observatory, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), media_common, Physics, Supermassive black hole, COSMIC cancer database, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Galaxy, Sky, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The Large Observatory For X-ray Timing (LOFT), selected by ESA as one of the four Cosmic Vision M3 candidate missions to undergo an assessment phase, will revolutionize the study of compact objects in our galaxy and of the brightest supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei. The Large Area Detector (LAD), carrying an unprecedented effective area of 10 m^2, is complemented by a coded-mask Wide Field Monitor, in charge of monitoring a large fraction of the sky potentially accessible to the LAD, to provide the history and context for the sources observed by LAD and to trigger its observations on their most interesting and extreme states. In this paper we present detailed simulations of the imaging capabilities of the Silicon Drift Detectors developed for the LOFT Wide Field Monitor detection plane. The simulations explore a large parameter space for both the detector design and the environmental conditions, allowing us to optimize the detector characteristics and demonstrating the X-ray imaging performance of the large-area SDDs in the 2-50 keV energy band., Comment: Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8443, Paper No. 8443-210, 2012

Published
2012
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204. A large area detector proposed for the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT)

Author

I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Phil Uttley, Christian Schmid, D. Macera, L. Pacciani, Paul S. Smith, T. Kennedy, J.-Y. Seyler, J. W. den Herder, Martino Marisaldi, Michael A. Nowak, A. de Rosa, Berend Winter, Dom Walton, E. Bozzo, A. Argan, Miriam Grassi, C. Tenzer, M. Ahangarianabhari, G. Zampa, Andrea Santangelo, Jörn Wilms, A. Vacchi, P. Bodini, Riccardo Campana, Claudio Labanti, Slawomir Suchy, Silvia Zane, P. Soffitta, F. Fuschino, Fabio Muleri, M. Hailey, S. Di Cosimo, Adrian Martindale, V. Petracek, P. Cais, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Yannick Favre, Mauro Orlandini, E. Del Monte, Didier Barret, Alain Cros, Emanuele Perinati, C. Feldman, M. Pohl, Franck Cadoux, J. Coker, Piero Malcovati, M. Feroci, René Hudec, P. Azzarello, Teresa Mineo, A. Rachevski, G.W. Fraser, Giuseppe Bertuccio, N. Zampa, SPIE, Takahashi, Tadayuki, Zane S., Walton D., Kennedy T., Feroci M., Den Herder J.-W., Ahangarianabhari M., Argan A., Azzarello P., Baldazzi G., Barret D., Bertuccio G., Bodin P., Bozzo E., Cadoux F., Cais P., Campana R., Coker J., Cros A., Del Monte E., De Rosa A., Di Cosimo S., Donnarumma I., Evangelista Y., Favre Y., Feldman C., Fraser G., Fuschino F., Grassi M., Hailey M.R., Hudec R., Labanti C., Macera D., Malcovati P., Marisaldi M., Martindale A., Mineo T., Muleri F., Nowak M., Orlandini M., Pacciani L., Perinati E., Petracek V., Pohl M., Rachevski A., Smith P., Santangelo A., Seyler J.-Y., Schmid C., Soffitta P., Suchy S., Tenzer C., Uttley P., Vacchi A., Zampa G., Zampa N., Wilms J., Winter B., High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2012, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), and University College of London [London] (UCL)

Subjects
Silicon, Photon, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Observatories, Collimators, FOS: Physical sciences, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Optics, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, X-rays, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Compact objects, Physics, Millisecond, Photons, Equipment and services, sezele, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, business.industry, Sensors, Applied Mathematics, Detector, Antenna aperture, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Condensed Matter Physics, Capillaries, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Neutron star, X-ray Timing, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing), Compact object
Abstract

The Large Observatory for X-ray Timing (LOFT) is one of the four candidate ESA M3 missions considered for launch in the 2022 time-frame. It is specifically designed to perform fast X-ray timing and probe the status of the matter near black holes and neutron stars. The LOFT scientific payload is composed of a Large Area Detector (LAD) and a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The LAD is a 10 m2-class pointed instrument with 20 times the collecting area of the best past timing missions (such as RXTE) over the 2-30 keV range, which holds the capability to revolutionize studies of X-ray variability down to the millisecond time scales. Its ground-breaking characteristic is a low mass per unit surface, enabling an effective area of ~10 m^2 (@10 keV) at a reasonable weight. The development of such large but light experiment, with low mass and power per unit area, is now made possible by the recent advancements in the field of large-area silicon detectors - able to time tag an X-ray photon with an accuracy, Proceedings of SPIE, Vo. 8443, Paper No. 8443-87

Published
2012

205. Accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles: Application to ongoing projects of future X-ray missions

Author

Marco Feroci, E. Del Monte, N. Zampa, Lothar Strüder, A. Vacchi, J. Jochum, Silvia Zane, Alda Rubini, Margarita Hernanz, Søren Brandt, Caroline A. Kilbourne, Norbert Meidinger, George W. Fraser, Ralf Srama, D. Gotz, Maurice A. Leutenegger, J. P. Osborne, P. Azzarello, Michael Freyberg, R. L. Kelley, A. Rachevski, S. Bugiel, I. Rashevskaya, Emanuele Perinati, J. W. den Herder, C. Tenzer, Sebastian Diebold, Eckhard Kendziorra, Peter Friedrich, Konrad Dennerl, Gianluigi Zampa, Andrea Santangelo, B. Cordier, and Enrico Bozzo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, Instrumentation, Nuclear engineering, Hyper-velocity impacts, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Radiation, law.invention, Radiation damage, law, X-ray instrumentation, Van de Graaff generator, Electronic, Particle accelerators, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, Scattering, Detector, X-ray, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We report on our activities, currently in progress, aimed at performing accelerator experiments with soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles. They include tests of different types of X-ray detectors and related components (such as filters) and measurements of scattering of soft protons and hyper-velocity dust particles off X-ray mirror shells. These activities have been identified as a goal in the context of a number of ongoing space projects in order to assess the risk posed by environmental radiation and dust and qualify the adopted instrumentation with respect to possible damage or performance degradation. In this paper we focus on tests for the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) used aboard the LOFT space mission. We use the Van de Graaff accelerators at the University of T\"ubingen and at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPIK) in Heidelberg, for soft proton and hyper-velocity dust tests respectively. We present the experimental set-up adopted to perform the tests, status of the activities and some very preliminary results achieved at present time., Comment: Proceedings of SPIE, Vol. 8443, Paper No. 8443-24, 2012

Published
2012

206. Characterization of an ASIC front-end electronics dedicated to the silicon drift detectors

Author

Marco Grassi, Paolo Rossi, Alexander Rashevsky, A. Rubini, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, Piero Malcovati, F. Lazzarotto, F. Fuschino, Giuseppe Bertuccio, Martino Marisaldi, Stefano Cappelli, M. Feroci, L. Picolli, Claudio Labanti, Francesco Navarria, L. Pacciani, F. Muleri, Enrico Costa, Ennio Morelli, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Baldazzi, E. Del Monte, A. Vacchi, Riccardo Campana, M. Rapisarda, G. Zampa, P. Soffitta, Labanti, C, Baldazzi, G., Malcovati, P., Bertuccio, G., Feroci, M., Zampa, G., Grassi, M., Picolli, L., Evangelista, Y., Fuschino, F., Marisaldi, M., Morelli, E., Campana, R., Del Monte, E., Pacciani, L., Muleri, F., Costa, E., Donnarumma, I., Lazzarotto, F., Rapisarda, M., Rubini, A., Soffitta, P., Zampa, N., Rashevsky, A., Vacchi, A., Cappelli, S., Navarria, F., and Rossi, P.

Subjects
Physics, Coupling, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Radiation, sezele, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Noise (electronics), Characterization (materials science), Optics, Application-specific integrated circuit, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Electronic engineering, Point (geometry), business, Radiology, Energy (signal processing), Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

Large-area multi-anode Silicon Drift Detectors (SDDs) have X-ray imaging and spectroscopic characteristics that make them extremely attractive in the perspective of their applications to the field of space astrophysics and in instruments for medical diagnostic imaging. We describe here, in a few words, two developing applications concerning both these application fields. Nevertheless, the aim of this paper is to describe the characterisation of an ASIC suitably developed for coupling with SDDs. Notwithstanding the 1D nature of the SDD when the event time is not known, an algorithm that exploits the charge diffusion to reconstruct the position of the photon absorption point also along the drift direction (that is, the one formally not position-sensitive) was developed. So the SDD has the actual 2D imaging capability with both the spatial and energy resolution. The ASIC was developed specifically to account for these detector characteristics and to improve them. The structure of the ASIC and the 2D imaging method will be described and the characterization of the first prototypes of the ASIC will be exposed in terms of the energy resolution and noise. Finally preliminary tests of the ASIC will be shown. © 2011 IEEE.

Published
2011

207. Trapped antiprotons in the Earth inner radiation belt in PAMELA experiment

Author

V. Bonvicini, S. V. Borisov, M. P. De Pascale, Roberto Bellotti, M. F. Runtso, M. Simon, Yu. T. Yurkin, S. A. Voronov, A. Vacchi, S. Yu. Krutkov, S. V. Koldashov, S. B. Ricciarini, Marco Ricci, A. Bruno, V. Malvezzi, A. N. Kvashnin, D. Campana, M. Boezzio, A. V. Karelin, A. G. Mayorov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, V. Gillard, N. V. Nikonov, N. De Simone, E. Mocchiutti, V. Di Felice, Marco Casolino, V. V. Malakhov, O. Adriani, A. A. Leonov, G. Zampa, V. G. Zverev, L. Marcelli, G. Castellini, Nicola Mori, F. Cafagna, A. M. Galper, R. Carbone, G. V. Vasiliev, I. A. Danilchenko, G. C. Barbarino, Roberta Sparvoli, W. Menn, M. D. Kheymits, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. A. Bazilevskaya, S. Pizzolotto, V. V. Mikhailov, E. A. Bogomolov, P. Carlson, L. A. Grishantseva, M. Pearce, Yu. I. Stozhkov, Massimo Bongi, G. Jerse, P. Spillantini, S. Bottai, N. Zampa, Y. Wu, P. Picozza, Giuseppe Osteria, and S. A. Koldobsky

Subjects
Space experiments, Value determination, Hadron, Charge sign, Inner radiation belts, Magnetic spectrometers, General Physics and Astronomy, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), symbols.namesake, Space experiment, law, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Antiproton, Van Allen radiation belt, Physics::Space Physics, symbols, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Earth (classical element)
Abstract

The existence of trapped antiprotons in the Earth's inner radiation belt has been theoretically predicted, but not observed. We present a procedure for antiproton selection and the observation results from the PAMELA space experiment measurements. The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer ensures reliable identification of particles and charge signs, value determination, and energy measurement, thus enabling us to experimentally establish the existence of antiprotons trapped in the Earth's inner radiation belt. © 2011 Allerton Press, Inc.

Published
2011

208. Scientific tasks and present status of the GAMMA-400 project

Author

M. F. Runtso, V. Bonvicini, V. G. Rodin, S. I. Suchkov, M. I. Fradkin, Mirko Boezio, M. O. Farber, N. Zampa, E. P. Mazets, V. G. Zverev, A. M. Galper, V. A. Kaplin, N. P. Topchiev, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, A. L. Menshenin, I. V. Arkhangelskaja, R. L. Aptekar, B. A. Dolgoshein, O. F. Prilutskii, V. Ya. Gecha, A. Vacchi, V. A. Kachanov, and Yu. T. Yurkin

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Annihilation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Gamma ray, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Telescope, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Angular resolution, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The GAMMA-400 telescope is designed to investigate discrete high-energy gamma-ray sources in the energy range of 0.1–3000 GeV, to measure the energy spectra of galactic and extragalactic diffuse gammaray emissions, and to study gamma-ray bursts and gamma-ray emissions from an active Sun. The gamma-ray telescope has an angular resolution of ∼0.01°, an energy resolution of ∼1%, and a proton rejection factor of ∼106. Its special assignment is to measure fluxes of gamma rays, electrons, and positrons that could be associated with the annihilation or decay of dark matter particles.

Published
2011

209. Solar modulation of the spectra of protons and helium nuclei in the PAMELA experiment

Author

P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. V. Karelin, Roberta Sparvoli, Yu. T. Yurkin, Yu. I. Stozhkov, D. Campana, G. A. Bazilevskaia, S. V. Koldashov, G. Jerse, Nicola Mori, Marco Ricci, G. I. Vasil’ev, Marco Casolino, M. Simon, Roberto Bellotti, C. Pizzolotto, N. Zampa, O. Adriani, E. Mocchiutti, A. N. Kvashnin, S. V. Borisov, V. Gillard, V. Di Felice, V. V. Malakhov, V. Malvezzi, R. Carbone, N. V. Nikonov, G. C. Barbarino, W. Menn, M. Bongi, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, V. G. Zverev, V. Bonvicini, L. A. Grishantseva, N. De Simone, A. M. Galper, Y. Wu, G. Castellini, A. A. Leonov, P. Picozza, P. Spillantini, G. Zampa, A. Vacchi, S. A. Koldobskii, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Bruno, S. Bottai, I. A. Danilchenko, L. Marcelli, F. Cafagna, M. F. Runtso, S. A. Voronov, A. G. Maiorov, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, E. A. Bogomolov, Mirko Boezio, Lorenzo Bonechi, Mark Pearce, and S. B. Ricciarini

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Alpha particle, Astrophysics, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), chemistry, law, Neutron, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Helium
Abstract

We present the energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei of cosmic rays obtained in the PAMELA experiment on board the satellite RESURS-DK1 for the period from August 2006 to December 2009. The spectra were measured in the energy range of 100 MeV/nucleon to 100 GeV/nucleon using a magnetic spectrometer within the apparatus. Variations in the solar modulation potential for protons and helium nuclei were calculated on the basis of the monthly mean particle fluxes. A force field model was used to compare the modulation with measurements from balloon experiments, and with measurements from a network of neutron monitors. © 2011 Allerton Press, Inc.

Published
2011

210. Primary electron and positron fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment

Author

S. V. Borisov, N. V. Nikonov, S. B. Ricciarini, V. V. Malakhov, Y. Wu, R. Carbone, L. Marcelli, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. V. Karelin, G. C. Barbarino, A. G. Mayorov, M. F. Runtso, M. P. De Pascale, William Gillard, P. Picozza, A. M. Galper, S. A. Voronov, I. A. Danilchenko, Andrea Vacchi, R. Belotti, N. Zampa, A. Bruno, G. A. Bazilevskaya, E. A. Bogomolov, Yu. I. Stozhkov, W. Menn, D. Campana, P. Spillantini, M. Ricci, N. De Simone, S. Yu. Krutkov, Marco Casolino, V. V. Mikhailov, S. A. Koldobsky, P. Carlson, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Di Felice, O. Adriani, Mirko Boezio, Yu. T. Yurkin, S. Bottai, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, A. A. Leonov, M. Simon, M. Pearce, Giuseppe Osteria, V. Malvezzi, L. A. Crishantseva, G. Gastellini, M. Bongi, Nicola Mori, E. Mocchiutti, Lorenzo Bonechi, S. V. Koldashov, G. I. Vasilyev, Gianluigi Zampa, G. Jerse, V. G. Zverev, Roberta Sparvoli, and P. Pizzolotto

Subjects
Physics, PAMELA detector, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Electron, Scintillator, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, law, Scintillation counter, Neutron detection, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is being conducted on board the RESURS DK1 satellite, launched into a near-Earth, near-polar orbit with an altitude of 350–610 km and an inclination of 70° on June 15, 2006. The apparatus comprises a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic calorimeter (16X0), a time-of-flight system, a neutron detector, an anticoincidence system, and a shower tail scintillator. It allows measurements of electron and positron fluxes in cosmic rays over a wide energy range of ∼100 MeV to several hundreds of GeVs. In this work, we present data on the electron and positron energy spectra in primary cosmic rays, obtained between June 2006 and December 2008.

Published
2011

211. Measuring fluxes of the protons and helium nuclei of high-energy cosmic rays

Author

R. Carbone, M. F. Runtso, O. Adriani, C. Pizzolotto, S. A. Voronov, Sergey Koldobskiy, W. Menn, A. G. Mayorov, G. C. Barbarino, P. Spillantini, E. A. Bogomolov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, S. V. Borisov, P. Papini, F. Cafagna, V. Malvezzi, M. Bongi, Laura Rossetto, E. Vannuccini, Yu. T. Yurkin, S. Bottai, Andrea Vacchi, N. De Simone, Juan Wu, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Alfonso Monaco, A. V. Karelin, Nicola Mori, V. Bonvicini, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. Castellini, Petter Hofverberg, V. G. Zverev, Mirko Boezio, G. I. Vasilyev, P. Picozza, I. A. Danilchenko, Yu. I. Stozhkov, Giovanna Jerse, Roberto Bellotti, L. Marcelli, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, D. Campana, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Di Felice, Marco Casolino, N. N. Nikonov, Roberta Sparvoli, E. Mocchiutti, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, L. A. Grishantseva, C. De Santis, Gianluigi Zampa, Giuseppe Osteria, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, V. V. Malakhov, A. M. Galper, A. Bruno, and L. Consiglio

Subjects
Physics, Calorimeter (particle physics), PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Alpha particle, Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), chemistry, law, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Nuclear Experiment, Helium
Abstract

Techniques for measuring helium nuclei and proton energy spectra in circumterrestrial space were developed on the basis of simulated data and data from the position-sensitive silicon-tungsten calorimeter in the PAMELA satellite experiment. The thickness of the calorimeter is 0.6 nuclear interaction lengths. In this work, the experimental results for the measured energy spectra of the protons and helium nuclei of cosmic rays with energies above 50 GeV are presented. © 2011 Allerton Press, Inc.

Published
2011
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212. A silicon imaging calorimeter prototype for antimatter search in space: experimental results

Author

F. Massimo Brancaccio, A. Buccheri, A. Perego, G. Basini, Antonio Codino, F. Fratnik, Marco Ricci, Andrea Vacchi, Piero Spillantini, D. Prosperi, Guido Barbiellini, P. Schiavon, N. Zampa, Maria Teresa Brunetti, V. Bidoli, M. Bocciolini, F. Bongiorno, P. Picozza, F. Celletti, A. Incicchitti, Mauro Menichelli, I. Salvatori, M. Candusso, Mirko Boezio, C. De Fabritiis, M. P. De Pascale, A. Morselli, and M. Miozza

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Proton Synchrotron, Cosmic ray, Electron, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Antimatter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

This report presents the results obtained with a prototype silicon-tungsten (Si-W) electromagnetic calorimeter, conceived as a fine-grained imaging device to carry out studies of the antimatter component in primary cosmic radiation. The calorimeter prototype contains 20 x , y sampling layers interleaved with 19 showering material planes. One sensitive layer is obtained with two silicon strip detectors (Si-D) (60 × 60) mm 2 , each divided into 16 strips, 3.6 mm wide; the two detectors are assembled back to back with perpendicular strips. This allows the transverse distributions of the shower in both coordinates at each sampling (0.5 X 0 ) to be pictured. The basic characteristics of the design and the experimental results obtained on a test beam at the CERN proton synchrotron (PS) for electrons and pions are reported. The main results presented are the response of the calorimeter to the electron at various energies (1–7 GeV), and the transverse shower profiles at different calorimeter depths as well as the patterns of the electromagnetic shower and those of the interacting and non-interacting pions. The capability of the calorimeter in measuring the direction of the incoming electromagnetic particle from the pattern of the shower has been evaluated at different energies. These results are encouraging in view of the possible use of this detector to search for high-energy γ sources in space.

Published
1993

213. [Untitled]

Author

Enzo Reali, Gianluca Furano, S. Avdeev, Marco Ricci, Marco Casolino, N. Zampa, N. Vavilov, Mirko Boezio, Roberta Sparvoli, Yu. V. Ozerov, Walter G. Sannita, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, A. Popov, M. G. Korotkov, P. Spillantini, W. Bonvicini, Per Carlson, A. M. Galper, V. Bidoli, A. Morselli, A. Khodarovich, G. Mazzenga, C. Fuglesang, G. Castellini, Livio Narici, and A. Vacchi

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Nuclear Theory, Monte Carlo method, Antenna aperture, Detector, Cosmic ray, STRIPS, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, Optics, law, Ionization, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

An algorithm for reconstructing the characteristics (charge, mass, and energy) of cosmic-radiation nuclei with 20- to 200-MeV/nucleon energies is described. The detector is a telescope of three two-coordinate planes with two 1-mm-thick iron filters inserted between them. Each plane is composed of two strip silicon detectors with 3.6-mm-wide orthogonally oriented strips, an effective area of 6 × 6 cm2, and a thickness of 380 μm. The algorithm for reconstructing the nuclei characteristics is based on the analysis of how the specific ionization losses change as the nuclei pass through the filter material. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation are presented for the energy dependence of the telescope acceptance and the energy deposited in the detectors by different nuclei in view of the detector calibration on the nuclear beams of the accelerator. The mass resolution of the telescope is ∼30, 12, and 5% for He, N, and Al nuclei, respectively. The energy resolution, which is ∼20%, is much the same for all nuclei.

Published
2001

214. X-ray imaging and spectroscopy performance of a large area silicon drift chamber for wide-field x-ray astronomy applications

Author

Andrea Vacchi, Alexander Rashevsky, G. Zampa, A. Rubini, Francesco Lazzarotto, Riccardo Campana, Fabio Muleri, F. Fuschino, Piero Malcovati, Ettore Del Monte, M. Feroci, Massimo Rapisarda, Marco Grassi, Enrico Costa, Martino Marisaldi, Claudio Labanti, L. Pacciani, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Baldazzi, V. Bonvicini, Paolo Soffitta, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, E. Morelli, Marcello Mastropietro, L. Picolli, Gianluigi Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, Marco Feroci, Claudio Labanti, Valter Bonvicini, Alexander Rashevsky, Nicola Zampa, Riccardo Campana, Ettore Del Monte, Yuri Evangelista, Fabio Muleri, Luigi Pacciani, Alda Rubini, Paolo Soffitta, Enrico Costa, Immacolata Donnarumma, Francesco Lazzarotto, Marcello Mastropietro, Ennio Morelli, Massimo Rapisarda, Fabio Fuschino, Martino Marisaldi, Giuseppe Baldazzi, Luca Picolli, Marco Grassi, and and Piero Malcovati

Subjects
Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High-energy astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Silicon Drift Chambers, chemistry.chemical_element, Context (language use), Collimated light, Imaging, law.invention, Optics, law, X-rays, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, SILICON DRIFT DETECTORS, Spectroscopy, X-RAY IMAGING, Room temperature, Physics, X-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, business.industry, Detector, Particle accelerator, X-RAY ASTRONOMY, chemistry, business
Abstract

In the context of the design of wide-field of view experiments for X-ray astronomy, we studied the response to X-rays in the range between 2 and 60 keV of a large area Silicon Drift Chamber originally designed for particle tracking in high energy physics. We demonstrated excellent imaging and spectroscopy performance of monolithic 53 cm 2 detectors, with position resolution as good as 30 μm and energy resolution in the range 300-570 eV FWHM obtainable at room temperature (20 °C). In this paper we show the results of test campaigns at the X-ray facility at INAF/IASF Rome, aimed at characterizing the detector performance by scanning the detector area with highly collimated spots of monochromatic X-rays. In these tests we used a detector prototype equipped with discrete read-out front-end electronics.

Published
2010

215. Latest results from the Pamela experiment

Author

S. A. Voronov, S. V. Borisov, Petter Hofverberg, S. Y. Krutkov, S. B. Ricciarini, E. A. Bogomolov, E. Mocchiutti, L. Consiglio, V. Malvezzi, A. M. Galper, Mark Pearce, S. Bottai, P. Picozza, V. G. Zverev, Nicola Mori, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, P. Spillantini, S. V. Koldashov, V. Bonvicini, C. De Santis, A. Bruno, Maria Teresa Ricci, Y. I. Stozhkov, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. De Simone, Roberta Sparvoli, M. P. De Pascale, F. Cafagna, A. N. Kvashnin, O. Adriani, R. Carbone, V. Di Felice, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. C. Barbarino, G. Zampa, G. Castellini, G. I. Vasilyev, W. Menn, D. Campana, V. V. Mikhailov, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, William Gillard, Marco Casolino, N. Zampa, Y. T. Yurkin, Mirko Boezio, L. Marcelli, M. Bongi, G. Osteria, A. Vacchi, Roberto Bellotti, L. A. Grishantseva, Giovanna Jerse, Per Carlson, and N. N. Nikonov

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Satellite
Abstract

In this paper we present the latest results of the Pamela satellite experiment, focusing in particular on the p/p and the e +/(e+ +e-) ratios.

Published
2010

216. The PAMELA space mission for antimatter and dark matter searches in cosmic rays

Author

O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaja, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S. Borisov, S. Bottai, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, R. Carbone, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, L. Consiglio, M. P. De Pascale, C. De Santis, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, A. M. Galper, W. Gillard, P. Hofverberg, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Leonov, V. Malvezzi, L. Marcelli, W. Menn, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, N. Mori, N. N. Nikonov, G. Osteria, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, V. G. Zverev, Claudia Cecchi, Stefano Ciprini, Pasquale Lubrano, Gino Tosti, Barbarino, Giancarlo, D., Campana, R., Carbone, L., Consiglio, and Osteria, Giuseppe

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Antiparticle, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, Antiproton, law, Antimatter
Abstract

On the 15th of June 2006, the PAMELA satellite-borne experiment was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome and it has been collecting data since July 2006. The instrument allows precision studies of the charged cosmic radiation to be conducted over a wide energy range (100 MeV–100's GeV) with high statistics. The primary scientific goal is the measurement of the antiproton and positron energy spectrum in order to search for exotic sources, such as dark matter particle annihilations. PAMELA is also searching for primordial antinuclei (anti-helium), and testing cosmic-ray propagation models through precise measurements of the antiparticle energy spectrum and precision studies of light nuclei and their isotopes. Moreover, PAMELA is investigating phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. Results of the antiproton and positron data will be presented.

Published
2010

217. A concept for a lightweight, low-power and sensitive silicon-based all sky monitor for transient sources and gamma ray bursts

Author

R. Campana, L. Pacciani, M. Feroci, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, F. Lazzarotto, M. Mastropietro, F. Muleri, A. Rubini, M. Rapisarda, L. Amati, F. Fuschino, C. Labanti, M. Marisaldi, M. Orlandini, F. Perotti, V. Bonvicini, A. Rashevsky, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, L. A. Antonelli, F. Fiore, G. L. Israel, F. Nicastro, A. Comastri, L. Angelini, and M. Cappi

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Antenna aperture, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Steradian, Field of view, Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Sky, Instrumentation:detectors, X-rays:general, Angular resolution, Transient (oscillation), Gamma-ray burst, media_common
Abstract

We present a concept for a coded‐mask All Sky Monitor based on Silicon Drift Detectors. The current design has a high level of readiness, minimizes the total weight ( 2 steradians and an on‐axis sensitivity of ∼3 mCrab (5σ, 50 ks). The intrinsic modularity of the detector allows to envisage experiments with different configurations, in terms of field of view, angular resolution or effective area. We show the expected scientific performances of such an experiment, with emphasis on the observations of X‐ray Galactic transients and gamma‐ray bursts.

Published
2010

218. Measurements of quasi-trapped electron and positron fluxes with PAMELA

Author

G. C. Barbarino, M. F. Runtso, Giovanna Jerse, S. A. Voronov, C. Pizzolotto, N. De Simone, Laura Rossetto, N. Zampa, Alfonso Monaco, G. A. Bazilevskaya, S. Bottai, L. Consiglio, Sarkar Ritabrata, Roberta Sparvoli, V. V. Malakhov, W. Menn, S. Y. Krutkov, D. Campana, Andrea Vacchi, N. N. Nikonov, L. Marcelli, S. V. Borisov, L. A. Grishantseva, G. Castellini, Giuseppe Osteria, Marco Casolino, A. M. Galper, William Gillard, M. P. De Pascale, P. Picozza, Mirko Boezio, Per Carlson, Y. T. Yurkin, A. V. Karelin, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, A. A. Leonov, Juan Wu, V. G. Zverev, E. A. Bogomolov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Piero Spillantini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. G. Mayorov, Lorenzo Bonechi, V. V. Mikhailov, Roberto Bellotti, A. N. Kvashnin, M. Simon, V. Di Felice, V. Malvezzi, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, O. Adriani, Petter Hofverberg, M. Bongi, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, G. I. Vasilyev, C. De Santis, Gianluigi Zampa, Nicola Mori, and R. Carbone

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Ecology, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Paleontology, Soil Science, Forestry, Cosmic ray, Electron, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Secondary electrons, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Geophysics, Positron, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Energy spectrum, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract

This paper presents precise measurements of the differential energy spectra of quasi-trapped secondary electrons and positrons and their ratio between 80 MeV and 10 GeV in the near-equatorial regio ...

Published
2009

219. PAMELA and indirect dark matter searches

Author

S. Y. Krutkov, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, E. Mocchiutti, C. De Santis, L. Consiglio, G. C. Barbarino, Mirko Boezio, Petter Hofverberg, V. G. Zverev, P. Picozza, M. Simon, Roberto Bellotti, L. A. Grishantseva, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, G. Castellini, S. Bottai, V. Di Felice, A. N. Kvashnin, Roberta Sparvoli, Andrea Vacchi, G. Zampa, M. Bongi, G. I. Vasilyev, Y. I. Stozhkov, M. P. De Pascale, Y. T. Yurkin, N. N. Nikonov, F. Cafagna, G. Osteria, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, Nicola Mori, Per Carlson, A. M. Galper, V. Malvezzi, D. Campana, V. V. Mikhailov, O. Adriani, S. V. Borisov, S. A. Voronov, Marco Casolino, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, N. De Simone, A. Bruno, W. Menn, E. A. Bogomolov, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, V. Bonvicini, Piero Spillantini, A. A. Leonov, M., Boezio, Barbarino, Giancarlo, D., Campana, R., Carbone, L., Consiglio, and Osteria, Giuseppe

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Annihilation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Dark matter, Scalar field dark matter, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Positron, Baryonic dark matter, Light dark matter
Abstract

We present a review of the experimental results obtained by PAMELA in measuring the and e± abundance in cosmic rays. In this context, we discuss the interpretation of the observed anomalous positron excess in terms of the annihilation of dark matter particles as well as in terms of standard astrophysical sources. Moreover we show the constraints on dark matter models from data.

Published
2009

220. Latest results from PAMELA

Author

G. Zampa, O. Adriani, W. Menn, V. G. Zverev, M. Bongi, E. Mocchiutti, G. I. Vasilyev, R. Carbone, Roberta Sparvoli, M. P. De Pascale, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Nicola Mori, Maria Teresa Ricci, S. V. Borisov, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, C. Pizzolotto, Marco Casolino, S. V. Koldashov, N. N. Nikonov, V. Malvezzi, P. Papini, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, E. Vannuccini, A. M. Galper, V. Di Felice, G. C. Barbarino, V. Bonvicini, Per Carlson, S. Bottai, Y. I. Stozhkov, Roberto Bellotti, N. De Simone, Sarkar Ritabrata, Juan Wu, A. N. Kvashnin, G. Osteria, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Y. T. Yurkin, William Gillard, P. Spillantini, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, S. Y. Krutkov, Giovanna Jerse, P. Picozza, L. A. Grishantseva, F. Cafagna, V. V. Mikhailov, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Mirko Boezio, Laura Rossetto, Petter Hofverberg, G. Castellini, P., Papini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, D., Campana, R., Carbone, and Osteria, Giuseppe

Subjects
Physics, Antiparticle, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic ray, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Charged particle, Particle identification, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Rigidity (electromagnetism), law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation, with a particular focus on antiparticles. The detector is housed on the Resurs-DK1 satellite and it is taking data since June 2006. The main parts of the apparatus are a magnetic spectrometer, which is equipped with a silicon-microstrip tracking system and which is used to measure the rigidity and the charge of particles, and a silicon/tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter which provides particle identification. The main results about the antiparticles component of cosmic rays obtained during the first 500 days of data taking are summarized here.

Published
2009

221. An anomalous positron abundance in cosmic rays with energies 1.5-100 GeV

Author

F. Cafagna, V. V. Mikhailov, Roberta Sparvoli, G. De Rosa, L. Marcelli, G. C. Barbarino, V. G. Zverev, A. Bruno, Y. T. Yurkin, Lorenzo Bonechi, M. P. De Pascale, Petter Hofverberg, D. Campana, Roberto Bellotti, S. Bottai, A. M. Galper, S. Y. Krutkov, Marco Casolino, G. Castellini, A. N. Kvashnin, Mirko Boezio, Per Carlson, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, N. De Simone, P. Picozza, V. Bonvicini, G. Zampa, Andrea Vacchi, G. I. Vasilyev, Piero Spillantini, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, O. Adriani, Silvio Orsi, W. Menn, S. A. Voronov, M. Bongi, E. A. Bogomolov, G. Osteria, E. Mocchiutti, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, V. Di Felice, Y. I. Stozhkov, V. Malvezzi, L. A. Grishantseva, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca

Subjects
Physics, Cosmic ray spallation, Antiparticle, Multidisciplinary, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Interstellar medium, Galactic halo, Positron, Pulsar, law
Abstract

Antiparticles account for a small fraction of cosmic rays and are known to be produced in interactions between cosmic-ray nuclei and atoms in the interstellar medium1, which is referred to as a 'secondary source'. Positrons might also originate in objects such as pulsars2 and microquasars3 or through dark matter annihilation4, which would be 'primary sources'. Previous statistically limited measurements5, 6, 7 of the ratio of positron and electron fluxes have been interpreted as evidence for a primary source for the positrons, as has an increase in the total electron+positron flux at energies between 300 and 600 GeV (ref. 8). Here we report a measurement of the positron fraction in the energy range 1.5–100 GeV. We find that the positron fraction increases sharply over much of that range, in a way that appears to be completely inconsistent with secondary sources. We therefore conclude that a primary source, be it an astrophysical object or dark matter annihilation, is necessary.

Published
2009

222. Positrons and electrons in primary cosmic rays as measured in the PAMELA experiment

Author

M. Simon, Valeria Di Felice, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, D. Fedele, A. M. Galper, M. Bongi, Yu. I. Stozhkov, V. Malvezzi, A. Vacchi, S. A. Voronov, A. Bruno, Yu. T. Yurkin, Roberto Bellotti, P. Picozza, E. Taddei, G. V. Vasil’ev, Nicola de Simone, P. Spillantini, A. N. Kvashnin, G. Castellini, E. A. Bogomolov, F. Cafagna, S. Yu. Krutkov, D. Campana, V. Bonvicini, O. Adriani, S. Bottai, Silvio Orsi, Marco Casolino, W. Menn, L. Marcelli, G. A. Bazilevskaya, M. Minori, G. C. Barbarino, Mirko Boezio, Lorenzo Bonechi, N. Zampa, G. Zampa, Giuseppe Osteria, A. A. Leonov, Roberta Sparvoli, Gianfranca De Rosa, V. G. Zverev, Petter Hofverberg, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, E. Mocchiutti, L. A. Grishantseva, Maria Pia De Pascale, S. V. Borisov, Adriani, O, Bazilevskaya, G. A., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Borisov, S. V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Pascale, M. P., DE ROSA, Gianfranca, Fedele, D., Felice, V., Galper, A. M., Grishantseva, L. A., Hofverberg, P., Leonov, A. A., Koldashov, S. V., Krutkov, S. Y. u., Kvashnin, A. N., Malvezzi, V., Marcelli, L., Menn, W., Mikhailov, V. V., Minori, M., Mocchiutti, E., Orsi, S., Osteria, G., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Simone, N., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. u. I., Taddei, E., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasil'Ev, G. V., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. u. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., and Zverev, V. G.

Subjects
Primary cosmic rays, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Particle detectors, Electrons, Electron, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, Positrons, Electromagnetic calorimeter, Primary (astronomy), law, Near-Earth, Cosmic rays, Energy interval, High-energy electron, Magnetic spectrometers, Polar orbit, Separation techniques, Cosmology, Physics, PAMELA detector, Astronomy, On board, Satellite
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is being carried out on board the Russian satellite Resurs DK1 placed in the near-earth near-polar orbit on June 15, 2006. The apparatus comprising a silicon-strip magnetic sp ...

Published
2009

223. A Light and Effective Wide Field Monitor for Gamma Ray Bursts and Transient Sources

Author

M. Feroci, L. Amati, L. A. Antonelli, V. Bonvicini, R. Campana, E. Costa, E. Del Monte, I. Donnarumma, Y. Evangelista, F. Fiore, F. Fuschino, G. L. Israel, C. Labanti, I. Lapshov, F. Lazzarotto, M. Marisaldi, M. Mastropietro, E. Morelli, F. Muleri, F. Nicastro, M. Orlandini, L. Pacciani, F. Perotti, M. Rapisarda, A. Rashevsky, A. Rubini, P. Soffitta, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, Charles Meegan, Chryssa Kouveliotou, and Neil Gehrels

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, X-ray detectors, Modular design, All sky monitoring, Gamma ray bursts, Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, Sky, Scintillation counter, Angular resolution, Transient (oscillation), Gamma-ray burst, business, Event (particle physics), media_common
Abstract

We present here a concept for a light and low‐power wide field monitor working in the X‐ray range, suitable for simultaneous imaging of large portions of the sky and GRB localizations. Our concept evolves from and improves on the design of the 5‐kg SuperAGILE experiment, flying on the AGILE mission and currently delivering arcmin‐localizations of GRBs at a rate of about 1/month. Similar to SuperAGILE, our concept is based on position sensitive silicon detectors equipped with one‐dimensional coded masks. Different options are available for the detector, whose properties, combined with the scientific requirements, drive the design of the experiment. Our approach is based on a modular detector. The experiment design can then be tailored to specific scientific goals of the experiment or the mission (e.g., to cite GRBs only: the brightest GRBs/XRFs on a large field of view—FoV, or many low‐fluence GRBs/XRFs on a smaller FoV, or the low energy spectrum of the prompt event, or the detection of high‐z GRBs). In this paper we describe the concept, the main detector properties and outline some possible experiment configurations, with examples of their expected performance. Different experiment configurations in terms of area, FoV, angular resolution may be designed starting from the same detectors. Instead, the band‐pass is mostly related to the detector properties. A key point of our project is the high degree of readiness of the detectors that are at production level and may be immediately proposed for a future experiment onboard missions with high readiness requirements.

Published
2009

224. Performance of the PAMELA Si-W imaging calorimeter in space

Author

P. Spillantini, L. Marcelli, Roberta Sparvoli, Giuseppe Osteria, A. Vacchi, S. Bottai, S. Y. Krutkov, O. Adriani, Mirko Boezio, A. Bruno, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Petter Hofverberg, W. Menn, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, S. Orsi, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Castellini, Roberto Bellotti, G A Basilevskaja, E. Taddei, A. M. Galper, N. Zampa, P. Picozza, A. N. Kvashnin, G. De Rosa, V. G. Zverev, D. Fedele, M. Bongi, S. A. Voronov, G. Zampa, G. C. Barbarino, E. A. Bogomolov, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, L. A. Grishantseva, G. I. Vasilyev, M. Minori, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, F. Cafagna, Maria Teresa Ricci, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, M. P. De Pascale, V. Malvezzi, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, S. V. Koldashov, E. Mocchiutti, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, D., Campana, and G., Osteria

Subjects
Physics, Physics::General Physics, History, Light nucleus, Antiparticle, Calorimeter (particle physics), Payload, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Space (mathematics), Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, Antiproton, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Payload for Antimatter-Matter Exploration and Light Nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA), primarily designed to directly measure antiparticles (antiprotons and positrons) in the cosmic radiation, was l ...

Published
2009

225. The PAMELA space mission

Author

Roberta Sparvoli, Maria Teresa Ricci, G. Zampa, V. Malvezzi, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Mirko Boezio, M. Simon, N. De Simone, Y. T. Yurkin, A. A. Leonov, P. Spillantini, O. Adriani, V. G. Zverev, Roberto Bellotti, V. Di Felice, V. V. Mikhailov, V. Bonvicini, P. Carlson, D. Campana, S. A. Voronov, E. Mocchiutti, A. Bruno, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. N. Kvashnin, G. C. Barbarino, A. M. Galper, S. Orsi, W. Menn, S. Y. Krutkov, G. De Rosa, E. A. Bogomolov, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Casolino, Petter Hofverberg, P. Picozza, F. Cafagna, N. Zampa, Lorenzo Bonechi, M. Bongi, G. A. Bazilevskaja, G. I. Vasilyev, Giuseppe Osteria, M. P. De Pascale, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, G. Castellini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, D., Campana, and G., Osteria

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PAMELA detector, Payload, Astronomy, Space (mathematics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Satellite, and Optics
Abstract

The PAMELA (a Payload for Antimatter-Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) space mission has been launched on-board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15(th) 2006 from the Baikonur cosmod ...

Published
2009

226. Launch of the space experiment PAMELA

Author

A. Basili, Gianluigi Zampa, M. Simon, N. Zampa, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, G. A. Bazilevskaja, Petter Hofverberg, M. P. De Pascale, Y. T. Yurkin, S. Yu. Krutkov, V. G. Zverev, E. Taddei, O. Adriani, O. Maksumov, Silvio Orsi, W. Menn, Giuseppe Osteria, L. Marcelli, M. F. Runtso, S. A. Voronov, G. Castellini, A. M. Galper, J. Lundquist, M. Nagni, D. Fedele, S. Russo, F. Altamura, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, G. De Rosa, M. Ambriola, P. Picozza, N. N. Nikonov, Roberta Sparvoli, J. Lund, M. Minori, Per Carlson, E. Mocchiutti, N. De Simone, S. Misin, V. Di Felice, Andrea Vacchi, Marco Ricci, V. Bonvicini, Lorenzo Bonechi, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Mirko Boezio, L. Bongiorno, F. Cafagna, C. De Marzo, G. C. Barbarino, Piero Spillantini, V. V. Mikhailov, Yu. I. Stozhkov, A. N. Kvashnin, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, D., Campana, and G., Osteria

Subjects
Ionizing radiation, Space experiments, Antimatter, Atoms, Energy ranges, Atmospheric Science, Satellite-borne experiment, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Aerospace Engineering, Electrons, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Solar energy, law, Neutron detection, Nuclear Experiment, Cosmic rays, Physics, Charged particles, Cosmology, Experiments, Protons, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Detector, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Satellite borne experiment, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Antiproton, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy cosmic rays of galactic, solar, and trapped nature in a wide energy range protons: 80 MeV-700 GeV, electrons 50 MeV-400 GeV). Main objective is the study of the antimatter component: antiprotons (80 MeV-190 GeV), positrons (50 MeV-270 GeV) and search for antimatter with a precision of the order of 10^-8). The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June, 15, 2006 in a 350*600 km orbit with an inclination of 70 degrees. The detector is composed of a series of scintillator counters arranged at the extremities of a permanent magnet spectrometer to provide charge, Time-of-Flight and rigidity information. Lepton/hadron identification is performed by a Silicon-Tungsten calorimeter and a Neutron detector placed at the bottom of the device. An Anticounter system is used offline to reject false triggers coming from the satellite. In self-trigger mode the Calorimeter, the neutron detector and a shower tail catcher are capable of an independent measure of the lepton component up to 2 TeV. In this work we describe the experiment, its scientific objectives and the performance in the first months after launch., Accepted for publication on Advances in Space Research

Published
2008

227. In-flight performances of the PAMELA satellite experiment

Author

M. F. Runtso, S. A. Voronov, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Picozza, Yu. I. Stozhkov, E. A. Bogomolov, F. Cafagna, C. De Marzo, G. C. Barbarino, A. N. Kvashnin, Per Carlson, G. A. Bazilevskaja, O. Maksumov, Petter Hofverberg, N. Zampa, V. G. Zverev, J. Lund, V. Malvezzi, A. M. Galper, L. Marcelli, M. Ambriola, A. Bruno, G. De Rosa, E. Mocchiutti, L. Bongiorno, Roberta Sparvoli, S. Misin, S. Russo, S. V. Koldashov, A. Basili, J. Lundquist, Marco Ricci, V. Bonvicini, Andrea Vacchi, Gianluigi Zampa, Giuseppe Osteria, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, V. Di Felice, Jan Conrad, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Piero Spillantini, S. Orsi, G. Castellini, Mirko Boezio, M. Minori, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, A. Morselli, O. Adriani, W. Menn, D. Fedele, M. Bongi, Y. T. Yurkin, E. Taddei, N. N. Nikonov, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Russo, Stefano, D., Campana, G., Osteria, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Focus (computing), Neutron detectors, Silicon, Spectrometers, Charged particles, Satellites, Astronomy, Anticoincidence system, Antiparticles, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Charged particle, Phosphors, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, On board, Flight control systems, Magnetic spectrometers, PAMELA, Satellite, Instrumentation, Cosmic rays
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment designed to study with great accuracy charged particles in the cosmic radiation with a particular focus on antiparticles. The experiment, housed on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite, was launched on June 15, 2006 in a 350×600km orbit with an inclination of 70. The apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a silicon-microstrip magnetic spectrometer, a silicon tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows charged particle identification over a wide energy range. In this work, the detector design is reviewed and the in-orbit performances in the first months after the launch are presented.

Published
2008

228. An 'Edge-ON' Silicon Strip Detector fo X-ray Imaging

Author

ARFELLI, FULVIA, G. BARBIELLINI, V. BONVICINI, A. BRAVIN, M. DI MICHIEL, S. PANI, D. PONRONI, P. POROPAT, M. PREST, A. RASHEVSKY, G. TROMBA, A. VACCHI, N. ZAMPA, CANTATORE, GIOVANNI, CASTELLI, EDOARDO, LONGO, RENATA, Arfelli, Fulvia, G., Barbiellini, V., Bonvicini, A., Bravin, Cantatore, Giovanni, Castelli, Edoardo, M., DI MICHIEL, Longo, Renata, S., Pani, D., Ponroni, P., Poropat, M., Prest, A., Rashevsky, G., Tromba, A., Vacchi, and N., Zampa

Published
1997

229. Light flash observation in space: Experiment ELFO

Author

M. Casolino, M. P. De Pascale, A. Morselli, L. Narici, P. Picozza, V. Prigiobbe, R. Sparvoli, O. Ariani, P. Spillantini, G. Castellini, S. Bartalucci, C. Catena, D. Conti, M. Ricci, E. Righi, B. Spataro, G. Trenta, G. Barbiellini, M. Boezio, A. Vacchi, N. Zampa, W. G. Sannita, L. Lopez, M. Peresson, S. Conforto, A. P. Burlina, C. Tanzarella, G. Alberici, L. Casoli, S. Cerdonio, A. Lenti, A. Galper, Y.u. Ozerov, A. Popov, V. Zemskov, A. Alexandrov, S. Avdeev, V. Shabelnikov, DURANTE, MARCO, GIALANELLA, GIANCARLO, GROSSI, GIANFRANCO, PUGLIESE, MARIAGABRIELLA, M., Casolino, M. P., De Pascale, A., Morselli, L., Narici, P., Picozza, V., Prigiobbe, R., Sparvoli, O., Ariani, P., Spillantini, G., Castellini, S., Bartalucci, C., Catena, D., Conti, M., Ricci, E., Righi, B., Spataro, G., Trenta, Durante, Marco, Gialanella, Giancarlo, Grossi, Gianfranco, Pugliese, Mariagabriella, G., Barbiellini, M., Boezio, A., Vacchi, N., Zampa, W. G., Sannita, L., Lopez, M., Peresson, S., Conforto, A. P., Burlina, C., Tanzarella, G., Alberici, L., Casoli, S., Cerdonio, A., Lenti, A., Galper, Ozerov, Y. u., A., Popov, V., Zemskov, A., Alexandrov, S., Avdeev, and V., Shabelnikov

Published
1997

230. CASIS1.1: a very high dynamic range front- end electronics with integrated Cyclic ADC for calorimetry applications

Author

G. Orzan, N. Zampa, G. Zampa, and V. Bonvicini

Subjects
Physics, Very-large-scale integration, Correlated double sampling, business.industry, Dynamic range, Electrical engineering, Chip, CMOS, Application-specific integrated circuit, Nuclear electronics, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, business, Computer hardware, High dynamic range
Abstract

In the framework of the INFN R&D projects CASIS and CASIS2, we are developing a new-concept VLSI front-end chip for the read-out of silicon calorimeters for high-energy astroparticle physics experiments. The ASIC has an input dynamic range of 52.6 pC (~ 11000 minimum ionizing particle, MIP) and features a new Charge Sensitive Amplifier (CSA) architecture, which uses a real-time automatic gain selection circuitry to switch between the input ranges of [0 divide 500 MIP] and [0 - 11000 MIP]. Following the CSA, a Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) shaper completes the front-end part. The final objective is to design and realize by 2008 a 16-channel chip with digitized outputs, which integrates one 12-bit Cyclic ADC per channel. We report on the design and tests of the second prototype (CASIS1.1) of the chip, which includes a revised and improved version of the Cyclic ADC with respect to that implemented in the first prototype (CASIS1.0).

Published
2007

231. MEASUREMENT OF THE ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF HYDROGEN AND HELIUM NUCLEI IN COSMIC RAYS WITH THE PAMELA EXPERIMENT

Author

Sergey Koldashov, F. Palma, N. N. Nikonov, Paolo Papini, Andrea Vacchi, Per Carlson, R. Carbone, F. Cafagna, V. V. Malakhov, M. P. De Pascale, Mark Pearce, D. Campana, Yuri Stozhkov, Alexey Leonov, I. A. Danilchenko, Roberto Bellotti, S. Y. Krutkov, C. De Santis, W. Menn, A. M. Galper, G. Vasilyev, P. Picozza, Roberta Sparvoli, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Karelin, C. Pizzolotto, V. G. Zverev, V. Di Felice, S. Borisov, Giancarlo Barbarino, Giuseppe Osteria, S. A. Voronov, V. V. Mikhailov, Mirko Boezio, Juan Wu, G. Castellini, N. Zampa, Ritabrata Sarkar, V. Bonvicini, Gianluigi Zampa, Marco Casolino, Piero Spillantini, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Y. T. Yurkin, Sergey Koldobskiy, A. G. Mayorov, S. Bottai, Laura Rossetto, M. Ricci, O. Adriani, Nicola Mori, Massimo Bongi, S. B. Ricciarini, L. Marcelli, N. De Simone, A. Bruno, E. A. Bogomolov, Valerio Formato, Alfonso Monaco, E. Vannuccini, M. Simon, E. Mocchiutti, O., Adriani, G. C., Barbarino, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, I. A., Danilchenko, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, Formato, Valerio, A. M., Galper, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, Mocchiutti, Emiliano, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, G., Osteria, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, L., Rossetto, R., Sarkar, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, Vacchi, Andrea, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, Y. T., Yurkin, J., Wu, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, V. G., Zverev, Barbarino, Giancarlo, V., Formato, E., Mocchiutti, Osteria, Giuseppe, and A., Vacchi

Subjects
Solar minimum, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Spectral line, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, cosmic rays, Physics::Atomic Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Isotopes of helium, Helium, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astroparticle physics, Physics, Isotope, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Galaxy, astroparticle physics, Space and Planetary Science, chemistry, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The satellite-borne experiment PAMELA has been used to make new measurements of cosmic ray H and He isotopes. The isotopic composition was measured between 100 and 600 MeV/n for hydrogen and between 100 and 900 MeV/n for helium isotopes over the 23rd solar minimum from July 2006 to December 2007. The energy spectrum of these components carries fundamental information regarding the propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy which are competitive with those obtained from other secondary to primary measurements such as B/C., 11 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables. To appear in Astrophysical Journal

Published
2013

232. A search algorithm for finding Cosmic-Ray anisotropy with the PAMELA calorimeter

Author

S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, Maria Teresa Ricci, E. Mocchiutti, S. V. Borisov, S. Bottai, V. Bonvicini, V. V. Malakhov, L. Consiglio, P. Picozza, Y. I. Stozhkov, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Spillantini, M. D. Kheymits, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, Giovanna Jerse, C. Pizzolotto, G. Zampa, Roberta Sparvoli, S. A. Voronov, D. Campana, G. Castellini, Per Carlson, Alfonso Monaco, E. A. Bogomolov, Marco Casolino, V. Di Felice, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, M. P. De Pascale, A. V. Karelin, Laura Rossetto, N. N. Nikonov, V. G. Zverev, G. Osteria, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, Y. T. Yurkin, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, N. De Simone, Roberto Bellotti, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Mirko Boezio, A. N. Kvashnin, A. M. Galper, Juan Wu, A. G. Mayorov, F. Cafagna, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, V. V. Mikhailov, C. De Santis, F. Palma, Nicola Mori, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, O. Adriani, W. Menn, G. I. Vasilyev, M. Bongi, A., Karelin, O. b., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., Bazilevskaya, R. g., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E., Bogomolov, L. b., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S. k., L, S., Bottai, A. g., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R. k., Carbone, P., Carlson, M. r., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. k., De, C. k., De, N. k., De, V. D., Felice, A., Galper, W., Gillard, G. o., Jerse, M., Kheymit, S., Koldashov, S., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, A., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, A., Mayorov, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N. b., Mori, N. j., K, Osteria, Giuseppe, F. k., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P. k., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R. k., Sparvoli, P. b., Spillantini, Y., Stozhkov, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S., Voronov, J., Wu, Y., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Range (particle radiation), Spectrometer, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Particle identification, Particle detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Particle shower, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Satellite, Anisotropy, Calorimeters, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmic rays, Cosmic ray energies, Energy ranges, In-orbit, Measurements of, Near-earth spaces, Search Algorithms, Secondary particles, Wide energy range
Abstract

The PAMELA project is the satellite experiment for measurements of the cosmic ray energy spectra in a wide energy range in near-Earth space. The PAMELA apparatus is in orbit from 2006 till today. The calorimeter is the main part of the instrument. It is able to measure energy, to distinguish between hadrons and electrons and to reconstruct the arriving particle direction. Using of special triggers for the calorimeter allows significant increasing of statistics. In consideration of these facts the technique of anisotropy searching in the energy range extending higher than 10 GeV has been developed. This technique is based on the calorimeter data and has as content the advanced method of the reconstruction of the secondary particle shower axis in the calorimeter.

Published
2013

233. Solar energetic particle events in 2006-2012 in the PAMELA experiment data

Author

S. A. Voronov, S. Bottai, E. A. Bogomolov, L. Consiglio, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, Laura Rossetto, Roberta Sparvoli, Maria Teresa Ricci, P. Papini, Mirko Boezio, Alfonso Monaco, N. De Simone, G. C. Barbarino, A. V. Karelin, E. Vannuccini, M. Bongi, V. V. Malakhov, V. G. Zverev, S. Y. Krutkov, C. Pizzolotto, G. Osteria, V. Di Felice, A. M. Galper, V. Bonvicini, M. Simon, Y. I. Stozhkov, M. P. De Pascale, W. Menn, A. A. Leonov, A. G. Mayorov, Adriani, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, Giovanna Jerse, V. V. Mikhailov, G. Zampa, P. Picozza, E. Mocchiutti, Y. T. Yurkin, Ritabrata Sarkar, P. Spillantini, Roberto Bellotti, Juan Wu, S. V. Koldashov, A. N. Kvashnin, William Gillard, G. Castellini, L. Marcelli, A. Vacchi, Per Carlson, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, D. Campana, Marco Casolino, Nicola Mori, C. De Santis, G. I. Vasilyev, F. Palma, G. A., Bazilevskaya, A. G., Mayorov, V. V., Malakhov, V. V., Mikhailov, Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, L., Consiglio, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, A. M., Galper, W., Gillard, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, L., Marcelli, W., Menn, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, Earth's orbit, Solar energetic particles, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Solar cycle, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), law, Physics::Space Physics, Solar particle event, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Particle, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The PAMELA magnetic spectrometer launched in June 2006 has observed the last strong energetic solar particle event of the 23rd solar cycle in December 2006. Subsequent long minimum of solar activity and weak development of the 24th solar cycle led to a deficit in the solar energetic particle events on the Earth orbit. As a result, only few events with protons accelerated above 100 MeV occurred in 2010-2012. The paper gives the preliminary results on energetic solar particles in the beginning of the 24th solar circle as measured with the PAMELA instrument.

Published
2013

234. Study of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays with the PAMELA and ARINA spectrometers in 2006-2012

Author

S. Bottai, E. Mocchiutti, P. Spillantini, M. Simon, A. A. Leonov, Alfonso Monaco, S. V. Koldashov, C. Pizzolotto, V. Bonvicini, Y. I. Stozhkov, S. Y. Krutkov, Giovanna Jerse, V. G. Zverev, V. V. Mikhailov, V. V. Malakhov, Maria Teresa Ricci, Per Carlson, P. Picozza, V. Di Felice, Roberta Sparvoli, R. Carbone, Lorenzo Bonechi, Ritabrata Sarkar, S. V. Borisov, Sergey Koldobskiy, G. C. Barbarino, F. Cafagna, Y. T. Yurkin, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, N. Zampa, G. A. Bazilevskaya, A. A. Ulitin, A. V. Karelin, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, D. Campana, N. De Simone, Marco Casolino, D. S. Losev, G. Osteria, G. Castellini, Roberto Bellotti, M. P. De Pascale, A. N. Kvashnin, A. V. Sidorov, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, Laura Rossetto, L. Consiglio, G. Zampa, O. Adriani, W. Menn, M. Bongi, William Gillard, L. Marcelli, Juan Wu, A. Vacchi, A. Bruno, C. De Santis, A. M. Galper, A. G. Mayorov, N. N. Nikonov, Nicola Mori, M. A. Bzheumikhova, G. I. Vasilyev, F. Palma, Mirko Boezio, M. A., Bzheumikhova, O., Adriani, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G. A., Bazilevskaya, R., Bellotti, M., Boezio, E. A., Bogomolov, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Borisov, S., Bottai, A., Bruno, F., Cafagna, D., Campana, R., Carbone, P., Carlson, M., Casolino, G., Castellini, Consiglio, Lucia, M. P., De Pascale, C., De Santi, N., De Simone, V., Di Felice, A. M., Galper, W., Gillard, G., Jerse, A. V., Karelin, S. V., Koldashov, S. A., Koldobskiy, S. Y., Krutkov, A. N., Kvashnin, A., Leonov, D. S., Losev, V., Malakhov, L., Marcelli, A. G., Mayorov, W., Menn, V. V., Mikhailov, E., Mocchiutti, A., Monaco, N., Mori, N., Nikonov, Osteria, Giuseppe, F., Palma, P., Papini, M., Pearce, P., Picozza, C., Pizzolotto, M., Ricci, S. B., Ricciarini, R., Sarkar, A. V., Sidorov, L., Rossetto, M., Simon, R., Sparvoli, P., Spillantini, Y. I., Stozhkov, A. A., Ulitin, A., Vacchi, E., Vannuccini, G., Vasilyev, S. A., Voronov, J., Wu, Y. T., Yurkin, G., Zampa, N., Zampa, and V. G., Zverev

Subjects
Physics, History, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Computer Science Applications, Education, Solar cycle, law.invention, Physics and Astronomy (all), Solar wind, law, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Forbush decrease, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Heliospheric current sheet, Interplanetary magnetic field
Abstract

Spectrometers PAMELA and ARINA, mounted on the spacecraft Resurs-DK1, carried out precision measurements of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux near the Earth from 2006 to present. Combining these instruments gives the possibility to study the effect of solar modulation in the energy range from 30 MeV to dozens of GeV. This report presents experimental results concerning the time interval from the end of the 23rd solar cycle (noted by an prolonged minimum) to the beginning of the 24th cycle. The cosmic ray flux raised up to the end of 2009, then it began to decline, which is in coincidence with the sunspot number and evidence of the solar activity increasing. Some additional features were noted in the time profile of galactic cosmic ray flux, which, as shown by analysis of the correlation, correspond to a change of such heliospheric parameters as the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), the solar wind velocity and the intensity of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF).

Published
2013

235. A Silicon Drift Detector-CMOS front-end system for high resolution X-ray spectroscopy up to room temperature

Author

A. Rachevski, Yongbiao Shi, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, P. Bellutti, Claudio Piemonte, Giuseppe Bertuccio, D. Macera, Gabriele Giacomini, M. Ahangarianabhari, N. Zampa, A. Picciotto, C. Graziani, and I. Rashevskaya

Subjects
Physics, Silicon drift detector, Analogue electronic circuits, Front-end electronics for detector readout, Solid state detectors, X-ray detectors, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, business.industry, Preamplifier, Detector, X-ray detector, Electrical engineering, Anode, Full width at half maximum, CMOS, Optoelectronics, business, Current density
Abstract

A system constituted by a Silicon Drift Detector (SDD), fabricated with an innovative technology for minimizing the anode current, and a new CMOS charge sensitive preamplifier (CSA), designed for ultimate low noise performance, has been realized and experimentally characterized. The SDD is hexagonal with an active area of 13 mm2. The current density measured at the anode with the detector in operating condition is 25 pA/cm2 at +20°C. The CSA—named SIRIO—has intrinsic Equivalent Noise Charge (ENC) ranging from 2.9 to 1.5 electrons r.m.s. at 0.8 μs and 11 μs peaking times at room temperature, respectively. With the SDD-SIRIO system at +21°C, an energy resolution of 141 eV FWHM on the 55Fe line at 5.9 keV and 74 eV FWHM on the pulser line with a noise threshold of 170 eV have been measured at 0.8 μs peaking time. The system has been tested from −30°C to +30°C with energy resolution from 124 eV to 148 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. A moderate cooling at +10°C is sufficient to reach 133 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV.

Published
2015

236. New developments in the field of silicon detectors for digital radiology

Author

Andrea Vacchi, M. Prest, Fulvia Arfelli, Alessandro Olivo, V. Bonvicini, Edoardo Castelli, Giuliana Tromba, N. Zampa, M. Di Michiel, F. Tomasini, Renata Longo, Giovanni Cantatore, Guido Barbiellini, P. Poropat, Arfelli, Fulvia, G., Barbiellini, V., Bonvicini, Cantatore, Giovanni, Castelli, Edoardo, M., DI MICHIEL, Longo, Renata, A., Olivo, P., Poropat, M., Prest, F., Tomasini, G., Tromba, A., Vacchi, and N., Zampa

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Photon, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, silicon strip detector, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, STRIPS, law.invention, Optics, SYRMEP, law, digital mammography, medicine, Medical physics, Electronics, Instrumentation, synchrotron light source, Physics, business.industry, Detector, Beamline, chemistry, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

In the last few years the interest for application of silicon radiation detectors to the detection of X-rays in the 15–30 keV region has been growing. One of the main reasons of such an interest is the development of devices for medical and biological applications, in particular for the diagnostic radiology of soft tissues. For these applications, to ensure a high detection efficiency is of crucial importance. This leads to the use of “on purpose” geometrical arrangements and technological solutions for the detector, as well as the use of specifically designed read-out electronics. In this paper we present results and images obtained with silicon microstrip detectors in a “pixel-like” geometry, with the X-ray beam impinging parallel to the strips. An efficiency close to 80% has been obtained for photons of energies around 20 keV. The ongoing developments, concerning the realisation of a dedicated silicon detector for digital radiology at the SYRMEP (SYnchrotron Radiation for MEdical Physics) beam line of the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation facility, are described.

Published
1996

237. PAMELA - A Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics

Author

Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. Morselli, D. Campana, S. V. Koldashov, Marco Ricci, M. F. Runtso, G. C. Barbarino, D. Fedele, S. A. Voronov, Marco Casolino, M. Bongi, A. M. Galper, R. Bencardino, J. Lund, E. A. Bogomolov, G. De Rosa, E. Mocchiutti, S. Misin, V. G. Zverev, L. Bongiorno, Petter Hofverberg, O. Maksumov, M. Ambriola, Y. T. Yurkin, M. Minori, S. Orsi, G. Castellini, Mirko Boezio, Yu. I. Stozhkov, C. De Marzo, P. Picozza, Roberta Sparvoli, J. Lundquist, O. Adriani, E. Taddei, Piero Spillantini, F. Altamura, L. Marcelli, A. N. Kvashnin, V. Bonvicini, N. N. Nikonov, M. P. De Pascale, S. Yu. Krutkov, Lorenzo Bonechi, G. A. Bazilevskaja, Andrea Vacchi, F. Cafagna, A. Basili, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, Gianluigi Zampa, V. Malvezzi, S. Russo, W. Menn, M. Simon, N. Zampa, Giuseppe Osteria, Barbarino, Giancarlo, S., Russo, and DE ROSA, Gianfranca

Subjects
Neutron detectors, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Electromagnetic calorimeters, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Calorimeters, Charged particles, Electromagnetic fields, Magnetic resonance spectrometers, Nanoparticles, Anticoincidence system, Magnetic spectrometers, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Scintillator, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, Neutron detection, Physics, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Charged particle, Antimatter, Scintillation counter, Physics::Space Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is a satellite-borne apparatus designed to study charged particles in the cosmic radiation with a particular focus on antiparticles. PAMELA is mounted on the Resurs DK1 satellite that was launched from the Baikonur cosmodrome on June 15th 2006. The PAMELA apparatus comprises a time-of-flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter, an anticoincidence system, a shower tail catcher scintillator and a neutron detector. The combination of these devices allows antiparticles to be reliably identified from a large background of other charged particles. This paper reviews the design, space qualification and on-ground performance of PAMELA. The in-orbit performance will be discussed in future publications., Replaced some paragraphs in text and some pictures

Published
2006

238. The electron-hadron separation performance of the PAMELA electromagnetic calorimeter

Author

J. Lund, M. Albi, N. Zampa, A. Vacchi, J. Lundquist, V. Bonvicini, E. Mocchiutti, Mark Pearce, Mirko Boezio, and G. Zampa

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Separation (aeronautics), Hadron, Sampling (statistics), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Electron, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Electromagnetic calorimeter, law
Abstract

A silicon-tungsten sampling imaging calorimeter has been designed and built for thePAMELA satellite-borne experiment. The main physics goals of the experiment are themeasurement of the flux of anti ...

Published
2006

239. The PAMELA electromagnetic calorimeter: performances

Author

A. Vacchi, V. Bonvicini, N. Zampa, J. Lundquist, Mirko Boezio, G. Zampa, Mark Pearce, M. Albi, J. Lund, and E. Mocchiutti

Subjects
Physics, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Cosmic ray, Electron, Calorimetry, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Physics and Astronomy (all), Positron, PAMELA, Antiproton, Hadron, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Silicon-tungsten calorimeter, Cosmic rays
Abstract

A sampling silicon‐tungsten imaging calorimeter has been designed and built for the PAMELA satellite‐borne experiment. The calorimeter has been designed to identify antiprotons from an electron background and positrons in a background of protons with a high efficiency and rejection power. In this work we present the identification capabilities of the calorimeter obtained using both Monte Carlo and test beam data. We show that the calorimeter provides a proton rejection factor of at least 105 while keeping a high efficiency in selecting electrons and positrons. Hence, the calorimeter will fulfill the identification power needed to reach the primary scientific objectives of PAMELA, that are the measurement of the flux of antiprotons, positrons and light isotopes in the cosmic radiation.

Published
2006

240. Relative nuclear abundances inside ISS with Sileye-3/Alteino experiment

Author

N. Zampa, P. Picozza, V.P. Salnitskii, V. Zaconte, P. Spillantini, P. Carlson, Enzo Reali, S. Avdeev, A. Popov, M. Minori, Gianluigi Zampa, R. Vittori, M. P. De Pascale, N. Vavilov, V. Bidoli, W. Bonvicini, Marco Ricci, M. G. Korotkov, V.P. Petrov, Andrea Vacchi, G. Mazzenga, A. M. Galper, Marco Casolino, K.A. Shurshakov, Christer Fuglesang, Livio Narici, V. Benghin, K.A. Trukhanov, Mirko Boezio, and O.I. Shevchenko

Subjects
Physics, Atmospheric Science, Range (particle radiation), Particle composition, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Aerospace Engineering, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Radiation, Cosmic rays, Nuclear abundances, International Space Station, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), On board, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Abundance (ecology), Orbit (dynamics), General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract

The experiment Sileye-3/Alteino was first operational on board the International Space Station between 27/4 and 1/5/2002. It is constituted of a cosmic ray silicon detector and an electroencephalograph and is used to monitor radiation environment and study the light flash phenomenon in space. As a stand-alone device, Sileye-3/Alteino can monitor in real time cosmic ray nuclei. In this work, we report on relative nuclear abundance measurements in different regions of the orbit for nuclei from B to Fe in the energy range above ≃60 MeV/n. Abundances of nuclei such as O and Ne relative to C are found to be increased in respect to particle composition outside of the station, whereas the Fe group is reduced. This effect could be ascribed to nuclear interactions with the hull of the station.

Published
2006

241. Cosmic-ray observations of the heliosphere with the PAMELA experiment

Author

M. Casolino, F. Altamura, A. Basili, R. Bencardino, M.P. De Pascale, L. Marcelli, M. Minori, A. Morselli, M. Nagni, P. Picozza, S. Russo, R. Sparvoli, M. Ambriola, R. Bellotti, F.S. Cafagna, M. Circella, C. De Marzo, N. Giglietto, N. Mirizzi, M. Romita, P. Spinelli, O. Adriani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Papini, S.B. Ricciarini, P. Spillantini, S. Straulino, F. Taccetti, E. Vannuccini, G. Castellini, L. Bongiorno, M. Ricci, J.W. Mitchell, R.E. Streitmatter, S.J. Stochaj, G.A. Bazilevskaya, A.N. Kvashnin, V.I. Logachev, V.S. Makhmutov, O.S. Maksumov, Y.I. Stozhkov, A. Bakaldin, A.M. Galper, S.V. Koldashov, M.G. Korotkov, V.V. Mikhailov, S.A. Voronov, Y. Yurkin, G.C. Barbarino, D. Campana, G. Osteria, G. Rossi, E.A. Bogomolov, S. Krutkov, G. Vasiljev, M. Boscherini, W. Menn, M. Simon, P. Carlson, J. Lund, J. Lundquist, S. Orsi, M. Pearce, M. Boezio, V. Bonvicini, E. Mocchiutti, P. Schiavon, A. Vacchi, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, M., Casolino, F., Altamura, A., Basili, R., Bencardino, M., Depascale, L., Marcelli, M., Minori, A., Morselli, M., Nagni, P., Picozza, and Barbarino, Giancarlo

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Antiparticle, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, cosmic rays, satellite-borne experiment, solar wind, solar energetic particles, jovian particles, law.invention, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law, Physics, Spectrometer, Solar energetic particles, PAMELA detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ELECTRONS, Solar wind, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Satellite, Heliosphere
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment is a multi-purpose apparatus built around a permanent magnet spectrometer, with the main goal of studying in detail the antiparticle component of cosmic rays. The apparatus will be carried in space by means of a Russian satellite, due to launch in 2005, for a three year-long mission. The characteristics of the detectors composing the instrument, alongside the long lifetime of the mission and the orbital characteristics of the satellite, will allow to address several items of cosmic-ray physics. In this paper, we will focus on the solar and heliospheric observation capabilities of PAMELA.

Published
2006

242. PAMELA: A satellite experiment for antiparticles measurement in cosmic rays

Author

R. E. Streitmatter, John Mitchell, S. J. Stochaj, P. Spinelli, Piero Spillantini, A. Morselli, S. A. Voronov, G. Rossi, E. A. Bogomolov, R. Bencardino, V. Bonvicini, S. Y. Krutkov, S. Russo, G. Zampa, Y. I. Stozhkov, M. P. De Pascale, N. Zampa, M. Ambriola, G. C. Barbarino, M. G. Korotkov, Roberta Sparvoli, N. Mirizzi, A. Basili, P. Picozza, A. M. Galper, Gianluca Furano, F. Taccetti, J. Lund, N. Giglietto, A. Vacchi, G. I. Vasilyev, A. V. Bakaldin, Roberto Bellotti, G. A. Bazilevskaja, L. Bongiorno, E. Mocchiutti, R. Mukhametshin, M. Boscherini, C. De Marzo, S. V. Koldashov, G. Osteria, S. Orsi, Marco Ricci, D. Campana, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Castellini, F. Cafagna, S. Straulino, A. Grigorjeva, M. Romita, Marco Casolino, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, M. Minori, Lorenzo Bonechi, Ralf Wischnewski, J. Lundquist, Mirko Boezio, Alessandra Menicucci, O. Adriani, W. Menn, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, P. Schiavon, M. Circella, M. Bongi, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, and M. Simon

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antimatter, Satellite experiment, Spectrometer, PAMELA detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Cosmic rays, Scintillator, Particle identification, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Neutron detection, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment that will study the antiproton and positron fluxes in cosmic rays in a wide range of energy (from 80 MeV up to 190 GeV for antiprotons and from 50 MeV up to 270 GeV for positrons) and with high statistics, and that will measure the antihelium/helium ratio with a sensitivity of the order of 10/sup -8/. The detector will fly on-board a polar orbiting Resurs DK1 satellite, which will be launched into space by a Soyuz rocket in 2004 from Baikonur cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, for a 3-year-long mission. Particle identification and energy measurements are performed in the PAMELA apparatus using the following subdetectors: a magnetic spectrometer made up of a permanent magnet equipped with double-sided microstrip silicon detectors, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter composed of layers of tungsten absorber and silicon detectors planes, a transition radiation detector made of straw tubes interleaved with carbon fiber radiators, a plastic scintillator time-of-flight and trigger system, a set of anticounter plastic scintillator detectors, and a neutron detector. The features of the detectors and the main results obtained in beam test sessions are presented.

Published
2004

243. The space experiment PAMELA

Author

A. Grigorjeva, M. Romita, V. V. Mikhailov, P. Carlson, F. Cafagna, C. De Marzo, F. Taccetti, R. E. Streitmatter, John Mitchell, Mirko Boezio, Giuseppe Osteria, S. J. Stochaj, R. Wischnewski, Piero Spillantini, A. V. Bakaldin, D. Campana, S. V. Koldashov, M. Simon, Y. T. Yurkin, M. P. De Pascale, Marco Casolino, P. Schiavon, M. G. Korotkov, M. Bongi, M. Boscherini, Alessandra Menicucci, R. Bencardino, O. Adriani, J. Lund, Silvio Orsi, W. Menn, P. Spinelli, N. Zampa, E. Mocchiutti, Mark Pearce, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Circella, R. Mukhametshin, G. C. Barbarino, V. Bonvicini, P. Papini, M. Minori, E. Vannuccini, Y. I. Stozhkov, G. Rossi, Lorenzo Bonechi, Gianluigi Zampa, A. Morselli, Maria Antonietta Ricci, Roberto Bellotti, S. Straulino, G. Vasiljev, A. Basili, A. M. Galper, N. Mirizzi, S. Russo, S. Y. Krutkov, P. Picozza, F. Giambi, G. A. Bazilevskaja, G. Castellini, S. A. Voronov, E. A. Bogomolov, N. Giglietto, L. Bongiorno, Andrea Vacchi, M. Ambriola, Gianluca Furano, Roberta Sparvoli, J. Lundquist, M., Boezio, Barbarino, Giancarlo, and S., Russo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Status report, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, Space experiment, Positron, Antiproton, Physics::Space Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

We present in this paper a status report of the space experiment PAMELA. PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment which primarily aims to measure the antiproton and positron spectra in the cosmic rad ...

Published
2004

244. Silicon Imaging Calorimeter for Cosmic Antimatter Search

Author

M. BOCCIOLINI, F. CELLETTI, M. GRANDI, A. PEREGO, P. SPILLANTINI, G. BASINI, F. BUONGIORNO, F. MASSIMO BRANCACCIO, G. MAZZENGA, M. RICCI, M. T. BRUNETTI, A. CODINO, C. GRIMANI, M. MENICHELLI, M. MIOZZA, V. BIDOLI, M. CANDUSSO, M. CASOLINO, M. P. DE PASCALE, A. MORSELLI, M. PICOZZA, I. SALVATORI, F. BRONZINI, F. AVERSA, A. COLAVITA, G. BARBIELLINI, P. BATTAIOTTO, M. BOEZIO, F. FRATNIK, P. SCHIAVON, A. VACCHI, N. ZAMPA, CANTATORE, GIOVANNI, P. Hale, J. Siegrist editors, M., Bocciolini, F., Celletti, M., Grandi, A., Perego, P., Spillantini, G., Basini, F., Buongiorno, F., MASSIMO BRANCACCIO, G., Mazzenga, M., Ricci, M. T., Brunetti, A., Codino, C., Grimani, M., Menichelli, M., Miozza, V., Bidoli, M., Candusso, M., Casolino, M. P., DE PASCALE, A., Morselli, M., Picozza, I., Salvatori, F., Bronzini, F., Aversa, A., Colavita, G., Barbiellini, P., Battaiotto, M., Boezio, Cantatore, Giovanni, F., Fratnik, P., Schiavon, A., Vacchi, and N., Zampa

Subjects
silicon calorimetry, cosmic antimatter
Published
1993

245. Energy spectra of atmospheric muons measured with the CAPRICE98 balloon experiment

Author

M. Simon, D. Bergström, A. Morselli, M. Ambriola, Roberta Sparvoli, Andrea Vacchi, P. Schiavon, Roberto Bellotti, Mirko Boezio, J. F. Ormes, W. Menn, M. Suffert, S. Bartalucci, V. Bonvicini, N. Zampa, Marco Casolino, M. P. De Pascale, P. Papini, Tom Francke, E. Vannuccini, J. Kremer, M. Hof, Peter Hansen, Marco Ricci, R. E. Streitmatter, S. A. Stephens, S. Piccardi, Piero Spillantini, E. Mocchiutti, F. Cafagna, C. De Marzo, P. Carlson, M. Circella, John Mitchell, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, S. J. Stochaj, F. Ciacio, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CAPRICE, and Heyd, Yvette

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Solar neutrino problem, Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Nuclear physics, Neutrino detector, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino oscillation
Abstract

The measurement of the atmospheric muon spectrum is currently of great interest because of the study of atmospheric neutrinos and the claim of neutrino oscillations made in 1998 by the Super-Kamiokande Collaboration. A measurement of the muon flux is an indirect measure of the neutrino flux. Therefore, it can be used to improve the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux, which in turn can be compared with the observed neutrino rates in underground detectors. This article reports a new measurement of the m 1 and m 2 spectra at several atmospheric depths in the momentum ranges 0.3‐20 GeV/c and 0.3‐40 GeV/c, respectively. The data were collected by the balloon-borne experiment CAPRICE98 during the ascent of the payload on 28 May 1998 from Fort Sumner, N. M. The experiment used the NMSU-WIZARD/CAPRICE 98 balloon-borne magnet spectrometer equipped with a gas ring imaging Cherenkov detector and a silicon-tungsten calorimeter.

Published
2003

246. Study of the radiation environment on MIR space station with SILEYE-2 experiment

Author

V. Bidoli, M. P. De Pascale, Roberta Sparvoli, P. Carlson, M. G. Korotkov, A. Popov, S. Avdeev, Livio Narici, P. Spillantini, C. Fuglesang, G. Mazzenga, W. Bonvicini, Marco Casolino, Marco Ricci, N. Zampa, P. Picozza, E. De Grandis, Enzo Reali, Gianluca Furano, Yu. V. Ozerov, A. M. Galper, G. Castellini, A. Vacchi, A. Morselli, and Mirko Boezio

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Silicon, Extraterrestrial Environment, Light, Phosphenes, Aerospace Engineering, Shields, Cosmic ray, Radiation, Space (mathematics), Eye, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Radiation Monitoring, Humans, Solar Activity, Spacecraft, Physics, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Detector, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Equipment Design, Space Flight, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, QUIET, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Head Protective Devices, business, Cosmic Radiation, Photic Stimulation
Abstract

In this work we present preliminary results of nuclear composition measurements on board space station MIR obtained with SILEYE-2 particle telescope. SILEYE-2 was placed on MIR in 1997 and has been working since then. It consists of an array of 6 active silicon strip detectors which allow nuclear and energetic identification of cosmic rays in the energy range between approximately 30 and 200 MeV/n. The device is attached to an helmet and connected to an eye mask which shields the cosmonaut eyes from light and allow studies of the Light Flashes (LF) phenomenon. In addition to the study of the causes of LF, the device is used to perform real time long term radiation environment monitoring inside the MIR, performing measurements in solar quiet and active days.

Published
2003

247. Isotope composition of secondary hydrogen and helium above the atmosphere measured by the instruments NINA and NINA-2

Author

N. Zampa, Gianluca Furano, Roberta Sparvoli, Piero Spillantini, P. Papini, S. V. Koldashov, V. V. Mikhailov, M. P. De Pascale, A. A. Leonov, A. V. Bakaldin, M. Ambriola, S. Straulino, V. Bonvicini, S. A. Voronov, F. Cafagna, G. Castellini, V. Bidoli, P. Picozza, Marco Casolino, C. De Marzo, O. Adriani, M. Ricci, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, A. Iannucci, G. Zampa, A. M. Galper, Mirko Boezio, A. Morselli, M. G. Korotkov, and M. Circella

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Soil Science, Flux, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, Spectral line, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Atmosphere, Nuclear physics, Altitude, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Isotopes of helium, Helium, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Physics, Spectral index, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Albedo, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

[1] In this paper we report on the energy spectra and abundance ratios of hydrogen and helium isotopes of albedo origin, measured by the instruments NINA and NINA-2 in near-equatorial regions. The instrument NINA flew on board the satellite Resurs-01-N4 between 1998 and 1999, at a 830 km average altitude. The NINA-2 apparatus, on board the satellite MITA, was put into orbit in July 2000 at an altitude of about 450 km. NINA and NINA-2 measurements revealed that 2H, 3H, 3He, and 4He are a significant portion of the secondary flux above the atmosphere. The energy spectra of hydrogen isotopes are practically flat across the energy range of 10–40 MeV/n, while the spectra of helium isotopes can be fitted by a power law of spectral indexes γ = 0.8 and γ = 1.5 for 3He and 4He, respectively.

Published
2003

248. A SILICON-TUNGSTEN CALORIMETER FOR COSMIC-RAY PHYSICS

Author

N. Zampa, G. Scian, Mirko Boezio, P. Schiavon, G. Zampa, E. Mocchiutti, V. Bonvicini, and A. Vacchi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Particle physics, Silicon, chemistry, Calorimeter (particle physics), chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Tungsten
Published
2003

249. ALTEA: Anomalous long term effects in astronauts. A probe on the influence of cosmic radiation and microgravity on the central nervous system during long flights

Author

Enzo Reali, P. Spillantini, Roberto Battiston, Marco Casolino, Gianluca Furano, N. Zampa, Walter G. Sannita, Paola Romagnoli, M. G. Korotkov, W. Bonvicini, A Loizzo, S. Avdeev, Silvia Licoccia, N. Vavilov, M. P. De Pascale, Enrico Traversa, P. Picozza, Christer Fuglesang, Roberta Sparvoli, V.P. Salnitskii, Mirko Boezio, V. Bidoli, G. Mazzenga, A. Popov, A. Vacchi, Per Carlson, O.I. Shevchenko, A. Morselli, A. Khodarovich, G. Castellini, V.P. Petrov, A. M. Galper, K.A. Trukhanov, Marco Ricci, and Livio Narici

Subjects
Central Nervous System, Atmospheric Science, Phosphenes, Aerospace Engineering, Cosmic ray, Radiation Dosage, Retina, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Radiation Monitoring, International Space Station, Humans, Electronics, Aerospace engineering, Particle radiation, Monitoring, Physiologic, Physics, Weightlessness, business.industry, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Electroencephalography, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Equipment Design, Space Flight, Adaptation, Physiological, Settore FIS/07 - Fisica Applicata(Beni Culturali, Ambientali, Biol.e Medicin), Term (time), Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Aerospace Medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Head Protective Devices, Functional status, business, Cosmic Radiation, Photic Stimulation, Space environment
Abstract

The ALTEA project participates to the quest for increasing the safety of manned space flights. It addresses the problems related to possible functional damage to neural cells and circuits due to particle radiation in space environment. Specifically it aims at studying the functionality of the astronauts' Central Nervous Systems (CNS) during long space flights and relating it to the peculiar environments in space, with a particular focus on the particle flux impinging in the head. The project is a large international and multidisciplinary collaboration. Competences in particle physics, neurophysiology, psychophysiology, electronics, space environment, data analyses will work together to construct the fully integrated vision electrophysiology and particle analyser system which is the core device of the project: an helmet-shaped multi-sensor device that will measure concurrently the dynamics of the functional status of the visual system and passage of each particle through the brain within a pre-determined energy window. ALTEA is scheduled to fly in the International Space Station in late 2002. One part of the multi-sensor device, one of the advanced silicon telescopes, will be launched in the ISS in early 2002 and serve as test for the final device and as discriminating dosimeter for the particle fluences within the ISS.

Published
2003

250. The Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra measured with the CAPRICE98 balloon experiment

Author

S. Bartalucci, N. Zampa, P. Spillantini, M. Ambriola, N. Finetti, Roberta Sparvoli, E. Mocchiutti, J. F. Ormes, R. E. Streitmatter, M. Suffert, M. Circella, Tom Francke, Peter Hansen, M. Hof, M. Simon, Mirko Boezio, M. P. De Pascale, Ulisse Bravar, P. Picozza, P. Carlson, D. Bergstroem, A. Morselli, S. A. Stephens, Marco Ricci, Marco Casolino, Andrea Vacchi, F. Cafagna, V. Bonvicini, S. Piccardi, C. De Marzo, W. Menn, Steven Stochaj, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, J. Kremer, P. Schiavon, Roberto Bellotti, F. Ciacio, and John Mitchell

Subjects
Physics, Spectrometer, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Kinetic energy, Particle identification, Settore FIS/04 - Fisica Nucleare e Subnucleare, Nuclear physics, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Cherenkov radiation, Helium
Abstract

A new measurement of the primary cosmic-ray proton and helium fluxes from 3 to 350 GeV was carried out by the balloon-borne CAPRICE experiment in 1998. This experimental setup combines different detector techniques and has excellent particle discrimination capabilities allowing clear particle identification. Our experiment has the capability to determine accurately detector selection efficiencies and systematic errors associated with them. Furthermore, it can check for the first time the energy determined by the magnet spectrometer by using the Cherenkov angle measured by the RICH detector well above 20 GeV/n. The analysis of the primary proton and helium components is described here and the results are compared with other recent measurements using other magnet spectrometers. The observed energy spectra at the top of the atmosphere can be represented by (1.27+-0.09)x10^4 E^(-2.75+-0.02) particles (m^2 GeV sr s)^-1, where E is the kinetic energy, for protons between 20 and 350 GeV and (4.8+-0.8)x10^2 E^(-2.67+-0.06) particles (m^2 GeV nucleon^-1 sr s)^-1, where E is the kinetic energy per nucleon, for helium nuclei between 15 and 150 GeV nucleon^-1., To be published on Astroparticle Physics (44 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables)

Published
2002

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