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CONTENIDO Editorial. "51 Años del herbario MER: en homenaje a los maestros" . 51Th MER herbary "as a tribute to masters". Guevara, José R. Artículos Micropropagación del tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.), Solanaceae silvestre usada en la alimentación humana. Micropropagatión of the tomato tree (Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.)., wild Solanaceae used as haman food. Contreras G., Idel y Almeida Puentes, Jonatha Evaluación de la calidad de las líneas de cola de Isocianato en vigas laminadas de Pino caribe (Var. Hondurensis) preservado con sales CCA. The evaluation of the quality of glue line of isocianate (MDI) in laminated timber of caribbean pine (var. Hondurensis), preserves with CCA salts. Contreras Miranda, Wilver; Barrios, Eric; Owen de Contreras, Mary y Encinas, Osvaldo Estudio preliminar de las propiedades físicas de la especie Azadirachta indica (Neem), procedente del Estado Falcón (Venezuela). Preliminary study of the physical properties of the species Azadirachta indica (Neem), coming from the Falcon State, (Venezuela). Reyes C., Elio C.; Valero, Styles W. y Garay J., Darío A. Caracterización de las semillas de seis especies frutales arbóreas, usadas por la etnia Piaroa en la Reserva Forestal Sipapo, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela. Sedes characterization of six fruti-bearing tree species, used by the Piaroa communities in the Sipapo Forest Reserve, Amazon State, Venezuela. Sánchez, Domingo; Arends, Ernesto y Garay, Vicente Ordenación de la microcuenca Iscalá, estrategia de planificación ambiental para la conservación de la fauna silvestre. Ordenation of the microcuenca Iscalá, strategy of environmental planning for the conservatión of the wildlife. Diaz, Luisa y Moreno, Felix Comparación de métodos de ajuste de funciones de probabilidad para distribuciones diamétricas en plantaciones de teca. Comparing fittiing methods of probability functions for teak plantation diameter distributions. Quevedo R., Ana Mercedes; Moret, Ana Yajaira; y Jeréz R., Mauricio Utilización de un sistema de información geográfica para la selección y priorización de áreas a reforestar en los alrededores de la ciudad de Mérida, Venezuela. Use of a geographic information system for the selection of areas to be reforested in the surrounding of the city of Mérida, Venezuela. Pozzobon B., Ennio N. y Gutierrez, Julian Respuesta de la lechuga y el repollo a la fertilización química y orgánica. Responses of lettuce and cabbage to the chemical and organic fertilization. Añez, Bruno y Espinoza, Wilmer Anatomía de la madera de 9 especies del género Cordia L. (BORAGINACEAE-CORDIOIDEAE) que crece en Venezuela. Wood anatomy of nine species from Cordia L. genus (BORAGINACEAE-CORDIOIDEAE) in Venezuela. León H., Williams J. Aproximación a la valoración Económica del recurso hídrico de la microcuenca quebrada La Fría. Parque Nacional Sierra Nevada. Mérida Estado Mérida. Venezuela. Rivas Vergara, Francisco y Vera Dugarte, Rabindranath Caracterización del Pino Caribe resinado proveniente de plantaciones. Caracterization of resination Caribe Pine from plantations. Mogollón, Gladys M.; Aguilera, Antonio V. y Gutiérrez G., Ilvania Caracterización estructural y florística de sistemas tradicionales conuco-barbechos de la etnia Piaroa, Amazonas. Venezuela. Structural and floristic characterization of traditional systems of Piaroa indian shifting cultivation, Amazon - Venezuela. Villarreal, Alberto; Arends, Ernesto y Escalante, Eduardo Tesis Evaluación de las deforestaciones en la Reserva Forestal de Ticoporo, Estado Barinas. En base al análisis multitemporal de imágenes de percepción remota. Evaluate of the deforestation in the Ticoporo Forest Reserve, State of Barinas. Venezuela. Based on multitemporal analysis of images of remote sensing. Osorio M., Ramón A. Etiología y epidemiología de los principales hongos patógenos foliares de Eucalyptus urophylla Blake en Venezuela. Bali, Francisca Ely 125 raosorio@ula.ve, raosorio@ureach.com semestral Nivel analítico

In the last few years, remote sensing observations have become a useful tool for providing hydrological information, including the quantification of the main physical characteristics of the catchment, such as topography and land use, and of its variables, like soil moisture or snow cover. Moreover, satellite data have also been largely used in the framework of hydro-meteorological risk mitigation. Recently, an innovative Soil Wetness Variation Index (SWVI) has been proposed, using data acquired by the microwave radiometer AMSU (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit) which flies aboard NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellites. SWVI is based on a general approach for multi-temporal satellite data analysis (RAT – Robust AVHRR Techniques). This approach exploits the analysis of long-term multi-temporal satellite records in order to obtain a former characterization of the measured signal, in term of expected value and natural variability, providing a further identification of signal anomalies by an automatic, unsupervised change-detection step. Such an approach has already demonstrated, in several studies carried out on extreme flooding events which occurred in Europe in the past few years, its capability in reducing spurious effects generated by natural/observational noise. In this paper, the proposed approach is applied to the analysis of the flooding event which occurred in Europe (primarily in NW Spain) in June 2000. Results obtained, in terms of reliability as well as efficiency in space–time monitoring of soil wetness variation, are presented. Future prospects, in terms of exportability of the methodology on the new dedicated satellite missions, like ESA-SMOS and NASA-HYDROS, are also discussed.

Remote sensing, when used in conjunction with landscape pattern metrics, is a powerful method for the study of ecological dynamics at the landscape scale by means of multi-temporal analysis. In this paper, we examine temporal change in open formations in the natural reserve of Poggio all’Olmo (central Italy). This area has undergone rural depopulation and the cessation of traditional methods of agriculture, resulting in the subsequent re-establishment and spread of other vegetation formations. Aerial photographs taken in 1954, 1977 and 1998 were orthorectified and classified based on the physiognomic characteristics of the vegetation. An objective definition of the minimum mapping unit (MMU) was guaranteed by using vector format grids for this classification. We applied landscape pattern metrics based on landscape composition, the shape and size of patches and patch isolation. Our results demonstrate the key roles of shrubland, woodland and coniferous plantations in the ongoing fragmentation of open formations in the landscape. Multi-temporal landscape analyses, and, in particular, a restricted suite of landscape metrics, proved useful for detecting and quantitatively characterizing dynamic ecological processes. We conclude with some recommendations on the management alternatives feasible for the protection of the remaining grassland formations in the natural reserve of Poggio all’Olmo.

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Geographic Information Systems and Science Realizou-se uma investigação sobre a aplicação do Modelo de Mistura Linear (MML) numa série multi-temporal. Depois de aplicado a uma sequência anual completa de imagens MODIS com 500 metros de resolução especial, o MML gerou um conjunto de imagens fracção com uma variação intra-anual da abundância de componentes puros vegetação, solo e sombra na mistura do pixel. No pré-processamento das imagens de MOD09A1 utilizou-se uma abordagem do Compósito do Valor Máximo, para obter os dados de base para input do modelo de MML. Baseado em 36 imagens fracção, caracterizaram-se 304 amostras, correspondendo cada amostra a uma de onze classes de ocupação do solo definidas neste estudo. Estabeleceu-se uma relação entre estas classes e o CLC2000. Para a classificação das unidades de ocupação do solo, baseadas na variação do perfil temporal dos componentes puros no pixel das amostras, recorreu-se à utilização de uma rede neuronal de mapas autoorganizados (SOM). A análise da qualidade dos resultados resultou da construção da matriz de convergência, sendo calculados os índices de exatidão global, do produtor e do utilizador para avaliação de resultados. O trabalho reporta uma análise descritiva dos resultados obtidos segundo a metodologia proposta e apresenta-se como um estudo preliminar para análise de mistura espectrais, numa vertente multi-temporal, para caracterização da ocupação do solo.

SUMARIO / SUMMARY 1.- Editorial Estado y globalización. State and globalization. Trinca Fighera, Delfina 2.- Artículos / Papers Alternativas de desarrollo del capital inmobiliario en dos distritos históricos de sudamérica. Alternatives of development of real-state capital in two South American historic districts. Ramírez Suárez, Ricardo Desarrollo sustentable: una estrategia aplicable a las artesanías de maderas (Valle de Quíbor, estado Lara-Venezuela). Sustainable development: an applicable strategy for wood handicrafts (Quíbor Valley, Lara State-Venezuela). Delgado de Bravo, Maria Teresa Evaluación de las deforestaciones en la Reserva Forestal de Ticoporo, estado Barinas-Venezuela, en base al análisis multitemporal de imágenes de percepción remota. Evaluation of deforestation in the Ticoporo Forest Reserve, Barinas State-Venezuela, by means of multi-temporaly analysis of remote sensing images. Pozzobon B., Ennio N.; Osorio M., Ramón A. Evaluación de la productividad y el riesgo de erosión como base para el manejo sostenible de los suelos, en la microcuenca del río Zarzales, estado Mérida-Venezuela. Evaluation of productivity and soil erosion risk for sustainable land use in the watershed area of Zarzales river, Mérida State-Venezuela. Mejía, Joel Francisco; Vera Morales, Mauricio Homogeneidad edáfica en dos áreas muestras de la cuenca del río Motatán, estado Trujillo-Venezuela. Edaphic homogeneity in two sample areas of the Motatán river watershed, Trujillo State-Venezuela. Mendoza M., José G.; Jaimes C., Edgar J. Informação, comunicação e a remodelação do território brasileiro. Información, comunicación y remodelación del territorio brasileño. Gomes, Cilene 3.- Notas y Documentos / Notes and Documents Cambios recientes en la producción de los sistemas avícolas y porcícolas de Venezuela. Recent changes in the development of poultry-breeding and hog-breeding systems in Venezuela. Rojas López, José Jesús; Rojas Mora, Elika; Triana Vargas, Martha Clasificaciones de pisos térmicos en Venezuela. Classification of thermal floors in Venezuela. Silva León, Gustavo Adolfo 4.- Bibliografía Crítica / Books Review Santos, Milton: Un país desvirtuado: Brasil, globalización y ciudadanía. Santos, Milton: O país distorcido: o Brasil, a globalização e a cidadania. Milton Santos. São Paulo, 2002 Reseñado por: Gomes, Cilene Traductora: Trinca Fighera, Delfina Índice Acumulado. Accumulated Index. 215-235 pozzobon@ula.ve raosorio@ula.ve, raosorio@ureach.com semestral Nivel analítico