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PV technology offers a sustainable solution to the increased energy demand especially based on mono- and polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The most recent years have allowed the successful development of perovskite and tandem heterojunction Si-based solar cells with energy conversion efficiency over 28%. The metal oxide heterojunction tandem solar cells have a great potential application in the future photovoltaic field. Cu2O (band gap of 2.07 eV) and ZnO (band gap of 3.3 eV) are very good materials for solar cells and their features completely justify the high interest for the research of tandem heterojunction based on them. This review article analyzes high-efficiency silicon-based tandem heterojunction solar cells (HTSCs) with metal oxides. It is structured on six chapters dedicated to four main issues: (1) fabrication techniques and device architecture; (2) characterization of Cu2O and ZnO layers; (3) numerical modelling of Cu2O/ZnO HTSC; (4) stability and reliability approach. The device architecture establishes that the HTSC is constituted from two sub-cells: ZnO/Cu2O and c-Si. The four terminal tandem solar cells contribute to the increased current density and conversion efficiency. Cu2O and ZnO materials are defined as promising candidates for high-efficiency solar devices due to the morphological, structural, and optical characterization emphasized. Based on multiscale modelling of PV technology, the electrical and optical numerical modelling of the two sub-cells of HTSC are presented. At the same time, the thermal stability and reliability approach are essential and needed for an optimum operation of HTSC, concerning the cell lifetime and degradation degree. Further progress on flexible HTSC could determine that such advanced solar devices would become commercially sustainable in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urea-formaldehyde is one of the commonly used resin types in the particleboard industry. In this study, the effect of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) addition in the formulation of the urea formaldehyde resin on the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of particleboard samples was investigated. The NFC (0.5% and 1%) and TiO2 (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) were added to the 10% adhesive formulation. Two different pressure times, 4 and 8 min, were applied during the production of samples. Subsequently, the water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), internal bonding strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and statistical analysis of test samples were determined. The thickness swelling values ranged from 19.9% to 34.9% and WA values were from 74.50% to 110.6%. However, the maximum MOR, MOE, and IB values were 22.2 MPa, 2570 MPa, and 1.1 MPa, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phrenic nerves (PNs) play an important role in respiration; however, very few morphological studies have assessed them. This study aimed to provide control reference values, including the density of large and small myelinated PN fibers, for future pathological studies. We assessed a total of nine nerves from eight cases among consecutive autopsy cases registered to the Brain Bank for Aging Research between 2018 and 2019 (five men and three women, mean age 77.0 ± 7.0 years). The nerves were sampled distally, and their structures were analyzed using semi‐thin sections stained with toluidine blue. The mean and standard deviation of the density of each myelinated fiber of the PN was 6908 ± 1132 fibers/mm2 (total myelinated fiber), 4095 ± 586 fibers/mm2 (large diameter myelinated fiber; diameter ≥7 μm), and 2813 ± 629 fibers/mm2 (small diameter myelinated fiber; diameter <7 μm). There was no correlation between myelinated fiber density and age. This study provides the density measurement of the human PN myelinated fiber, and these findings can be used as reference values for the PN in elderly individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research was performed to determine the mechanical, metallurgical, and physical performance of regular bronze alloy (Cu–Sn) alloy reinforced with silicon nitride (5, 10, 15 wt%). The metal matrix composite was fabricated through a stir casting technique which was then poured into a metal mould to produce cast rods of dimensions ф 32mm × 140 mm in length. The metallurgical study was conducted on all the samples using field emission scanning electron microscopy, XRD analysis, and transmission electron microscopy analysis on 5 wt% reinforced composites. It was observed that metal matrix composite reinforced with 5 wt% of Si3N4 revealed uniform distribution, pore-free, and perfect bonding of reinforcement with the matrix. The same sample showed a high hardness, tensile strength, yield strength, and low ductility value compared to regular bronze alloy. It was also noted that adding 10 and 15 wt% of ceramic reinforcement to the bronze matrix decreased the mechanical characteristics of the fabricated composites owing to the development of clusters and agglomerated state of Si3N4 ceramic particles in the matrix. The fabricated 5 wt% of Si3N4-based metal matrix composite showed enhanced performances suggesting its use in manufacturing several parts for the automotive and marine industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanometal oxides were extracted from cement factories wastes and were employed to proliferate skin cancer cells using MTT (Methyl Thiazolyl Tetraolium) assay. MTT assay results for skin cancer cell line A375,for CaO NPs the best concentration was 200 μg/mL,The viability was reduced to 57.28% while the IC50 was (69.66) g/mL for A375 and normal cell WRL68 was significantly higher (231.2 g/mL). The cytotoxicity results of CaO: MgO: Fe2O3 NPs, at higher concentrations (200 and 400) μg/mL showed a significant difference. The IC50 was (106.4) μg/mL for A375and normal cell WRL68 was significantly higher (173.3) μg/ml CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs. The nanometal oxides, calcium oxide (CaO) and the mixture (CaO:MgO: Fe2O3) were extracted from wastes of cement factory, and then they were oxidized at a temperature of 400C° for (5) hours. The structural and surface properties of the prepared oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns,FE-SEM and FTIR. The X-ray data reflected that all the oxides have a polycrystalline cubic structure, with a preferred orientation along (111) for calcium oxide, with a preferred orientation along (002) for calcium oxide: magnesium oxide: iron oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the deposition of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films using the spray pyrolysis (SPT) method. Different physical and chemical synthesis methods have been employed for the elaboration of CZTS thin films. SPT is a very simple, low-cost process that provides a high-purity product. Various researchers have studied the impact of precursor solution composition, substrate temperature, and other effects on the morphological, structural, electrical, and optical characteristics of CZTS thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis. CZTS has been widely studied in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, photodiodes, photoelectrochemical water splitting, and many others because of its fascinating properties and for its constituent elements that are abundantly present in the earth's crust, environmentally friendly, and non-toxic. This study could disseminate information about the work done so far on CZTS thin films in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing interest in the descriptive characterization of plant varieties in the context of intellectual property rights is stimulated by the recent agreements within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The requirements of these activities vary, the varietal registration process (involving testing for distinctness, uniformity and stability-DUS) requires that a description of a newly bred variety be produced and compared with all existing varieties of common knowledge. Thirty one land races of rice (29 land races and 2 check varieties) maintained at Organic Farming Research Centre, UAHS, Navile, Shivamogga were utilized for the present study. These land races were raised in RCBD replicated thrice, they were evaluated for 43 morphological characters (9 quantitative & 34 qualitative) during kharif 2021. The local landraces exhibited sufficient genetic variation for most of the traits. There were 43 descriptors studied, out of which, six characters were found monomorphic, while rest of the characters showed polymorphic variations among the landraces. The genetic potential of the land races for the desired traits can be utilized in hybridization programme to select promising genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adab Al-Kufa is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Vegetation as a surface sand-barrier was widely distributed around the world. In arid, semi-arid and coastal areas, the growth and development of vegetation affect the evolution of dune. Many researchers had studied dune under vegetation barrier, but the study of the flow field structure, grain size characteristics, morphology and development process of the dunes was not enough, and the developmental mechanism of some dunes was still unclear. Therefor, based on the research results of sand dunes under vegetation sand-barrier at home and abroad, it suggested that the form, volume, permeability, cover, slope and spatial position of vegetation sand-barrier had an important influence on the pattern of sand dunes, flow field structure, particle size characteristics and development process. It briefly pointed out the deficiencies of the development and evolution of dunes under vegetation sand-barrier in the current studies, and that the following aspects would be strengthened in the future. 1)The development and evolution of sand dunes under vegetation sand-barrier in different seasonal, in particular, the direction of the sand dunes changed after the decline of winter vegetation. 2)Effects of vegetation physiological and ecological characteristics on dune development and the mechanism of material exchange and development between echo dunes before the vegetation sand-barrier. 3)Study on the flow field around the dunes under vegetation sand-barrier, especially the effect of turbulence on the development of sand dunes. 4)The influence of vegetation density, cover and volume on the particle size characteristics of the dune. 5)Strengthening the study of the relationship between vegetation and sand dunes in coastal zones and establishing a model of the development and evolution of sand dunes. 6)Combination with multiple indicators quantitatively study the relationship between sand dunes under vegetation sand-barrier and desertification in different developmental periods. 7)Improving model materials in wind tunnel experiments and using new technologies to study the evolution of sand dunes under topoid-vegetation interaction on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current research, have a comparative taxonomic study of the morphological and spectral characteristics of (6) cultivars of Ficus carica L. namely; (Shynik, Akrah, Benatty, Rubari, Brown Turky and Jordan) cultivated in northern Iraq. The morphological study included the characteristics of the leaves (length and width of leaf blade, length and diameter of the leaf petiole, shape of the apex, base and margin of the leaf blade, number of lobes and colour of leaf bade), and fruit characteristics (length, diameter, size, ostiole diameter, peduncle length, fruit shape, and color). It was found that most of the leaf and fruit characteristics have taxonomic importance in distinguishing and diagnosing the cultivars of the studied cultivars. Regarding the spectral study, the spectrum of absorbance of the alcoholic extract of leaf chlorophyll and the extract of pigments of the studied cultivars were examined by a U.V. spectrophotometer which divided the cultivars into groups depending on the values of λmax, which represents the highest absorption; cultivars were separated into three groups regarding the alcoholic extract of leaf chlorophyll: The first included the cultivar Akrah with a value of λmax =(468) nm, and the second group had λmax values that ranged between (434-446) nm; it included the cultivars Shynik, Benatty, and Jordan. The third group had a λmax value between (412-414) nm, and it was distinguished in the cultivars Brown Turkey, and Rubari compared to the other studied cultivars. The spectral study contributed to the separation of cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A lack of soil phosphorus (P) is a principal factor restricting the normal growth of Lotus corniculatus in the karst area of Guizhou Province, China, but the response mechanism of L. corniculatus under low-phosphorus stress remains unclear. Methods: Therefore, we treated two selected L. corniculatus lines (low-Pintolerant line 08518 and low-P-tolerant line 01549) from 13 L. corniculatus lines with normal phosphorus (0.5 mmol/L KH2PO4, NP) and low phosphorus (0.005 mmol/L KH2PO4, LP) concentrations to study changes in morphological, physiological and transcriptome data under low-phosphorus stress. Results: The low-P-tolerant line 01549 exhibited better performance under lowphosphorus stress. Compared with the NP treatment, all root morphological indicators of the low-P-tolerant line 01549 increased, and those of the low-Pintolerant line 08518 decreased under low-P stress. Compared with the NP treatment, acid phosphatase (ACP), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) activities, and the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP) and proline (Pro) contents of the two L. corniculatus lines increased under low-P stress. A transcriptome analysis of L. corniculatus showed that a total of 656 and 2243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in line 01549 and line 08518, respectively. Meanwhile, the main pathways, such as carbohydrate metabolism, acid phosphatases, phosphate transporters and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as related genes were also screened by performing a KEGG enrichment analysis. Discussion: The findings provide an essential point of reference for studying the physiological and molecular mechanism of the response to low-P stress in L. corniculatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research on Fictional Literature is the property of Razi University, Faculty of Literature & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sickleweed (Falcaria vulgaris) is important due to its nutritional value and medicinal effects on the human body. The 15 different Sickleweed populations were collected based on an unbalanced nest design with 10 replications and nine morphological traits were measured on them. The diversity was investigated with 15 primers of SCoT marker. The genetic diversity was investigated by ANOVA, cluster analysis and Bayesian statistical model based on morphological traits, bioclimatic and SCoT. Grouping the study areas based on bioclimatic parameters by UPGMA method showed that these areas were divided into two groups and were similar in terms of climatic similarities and bioclimatic information. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between populations at the level of one percent for the studied traits. The cluster analysis based traits by the UPGMA method divided these populations into two groups. The phenotypic diversity of these populations was largely consistent with the geographical diversity. The primers used for SCoT marker produced 137 polymorphic bands on the populations, The UPGMA cluster analysis with molecular data placed the studied populations into three groups and four subgroups. Grouping based on the Bayesian method placed the populations into nine groups, although the populations were not differentiated and were a mixture of all nine groups. High genetic diversity for the studied Sickleweed populations have showed valuable insights into the evolution of this plant and provides basic data for designing appropriate management practices for breeding Sickleweed populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf functional traits determine a plant’s survival and growth. Variation in leaf traits control the functioning of forest ecosystem. The study examines the variation in 18 leaf traits (4 morphological, 6 physiological, 6 biochemical, and 2 stoichiometry) of 3 dominant evergreen broadleaved tree species (Quercus leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, and Myrica esculenta) of Ban Oak forests (BOF) of Garhwal Himalaya. The aim of the study is to understand the resource utilization plant strategy of major tree species of BOF and determining the impact of seasonality and elevation on leaf traits. Leaf traits data were collected during three seasons (winter, summer and monsoon) within two altitudes (1400–1700 amsl and 1701–1980 amsl) for two years (2019–2021). Thirty-six individuals from each of the three major tree species were selected for measurement on leaf traits for the three seasons of two years. Results showed that specific leaf area, leaf mass per area, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2, transpiration rate, leaf phosphorus, potassium concentration, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency were higher during monsoon season. However, intrinsic water use efficiency and leaf nitrogen concentration were higher during summer season, and leaf dry matter content, water use efficiency, and leaf C/N were higher in winter season. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to established the relationship between plant strategies, i.e. resource capture and defense (RCD), gas exchange (GE), photosynthetic and resource utilization (PRU), and nutrient cycle and limitation strategy (NCL). Among the morphological, physiological, biochemical and stoichiometry traits, specific leaf area, transpiration rate, leaf nitrogen concentration, and leaf C/N ratio, were having positive relationship with RCD, GE, PRU and NCL, respectively. Result demonstrates that all the three major species of BOF had resource conservative strategies. Q. leucotrichophora was major species for forest functioning, whereas M. esculenta had higher resource uptake efficiency. Overall, leaf traits were varied with different species and seasonal changes facilitate an adaptive role in a plant's survival under the existing microclimatic condition. The findings of the study provides insight into changes in leaf traits and the plant strategies at the temperate forests of the Himalayas and provide inputs for projection of future changes in leaf attributes and the environment's adaptation at Himalaya and regional level.

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRPs) are being used extensively in various engineering applications ranging from aerospace to sports goods. In recent years, environmental concerns and awareness have challenged engineers and scientists to develop materials that are sustainable and have the potential to replace the traditional FRPs. Natural fiber-based polymeric composites (NFRPC) are now being investigated and proposed worldwide for various applications, especially automotive components and domestic products. To ensure the fabrication of highly intricate composite products, joining becomes inevitable. Adhesive joining is the most commonly employed fabrication process for composite joints. However, the performance of adhesive joints is susceptible to their exposure to different environmental conditions. In the present experimental investigation, the joint strength of woven fiber mat (sisal, jute, and hybrid) reinforced epoxy composites has been investigated in Three Months Cyclic Temperature Variation, and the natural fiber reinforced epoxy adherends have been successfully joined using adhesive along with two/four holes in the overlap area. The performance of the adhesive joints has been investigated under a daily thermal cycle from 5 °C (12 hrs.) to 40 °C (12 hrs.), for three consecutive months. It was observed that the hybrid composites recorded better-joining performance. Moreover, the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) has been used to understand the failure mechanisms during tensile testing of adhesively bonded natural fiber-reinforced composite laminates. It has been found that the exposure of the composite joints to a variable temperature during the day has a significant effect on their tensile behavior. The major factors affecting the performance of joints exposed to the thermal cycle are; the type of natural fiber, the number of holes in the adherend area, and the duration of exposure. The results are important for the designers of composite structures with adhesively bonded joints.

This study analyzed the morphological design features of the hospital physical facilities in Southwest, Nigeria. A lot of research work has evaluated different aspects of hospital design features while only a few of the previous studies included the morphological design characteristics of the physical facilities in their conceptual framework. As a result, hospital facilities are poor at meeting the needs and expectations of users due to the limited studies which have not been clearly understood and adequately carried out within the research circle. This is suggested in this study to provide better solutions to the problem. This study adopted a primary method of data collection which involved the use of 557 structured questionnaires randomly administered to three categories of users. The semi-structured interviews (SSI) were purposely administered to users to support the information obtained through the questionnaires. Through purposive sampling, buildings were restricted to four (4) buildings or departments at the Federal Universities Teaching Hospitals (FUTH) in southwest, Nigeria. Data obtained was analyzed at different levels and morphological design characteristics were assessed to be very adequate while other interior spaces need urgent attention. The study helps hospital policymakers in making appropriate decisions that can improve the healthcare environment in Nigeria.

A new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc bakau sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in liquid media of different salinities (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ppt). Optimal growth observed at both 7 and 14 ppt was consistent with the origin of the strain from an estuarine mangrove environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene strongly indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Aliinostoc and is distinct from other currently sequenced species in the genus. The sequences and secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS region D1–D1’ and Box–B helices provided further confirmation that the new species is clearly distinct from previously described Aliinostoc species. Amplification of the mcyE gene fragment associated with the production of microcystin in A. bakau revealed that it is identical to that in other known microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Analysis of the extracts obtained from this strain by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of microcystin variants (MC-LR and -YR) at concentrations of 0.60 μg/L and MC-RR at a concentration of 0.30 μg/L. This is the first record of microcystin production from Aliinostoc species in tropical mangrove habitats.

Background: Human skull consists of various bones. One of them is mandible which is quite resistant, tough and shows systemic differences in form between individuals of different sex. It resists putrefaction also. There are characteristic features in the mandible that help us to differentiate sex in case of unknown victims like in mass disasters or in case fragmentary remains of the skeleton are found. Analysis of mandible with regard to its features is of great assistance in the determination of sex. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 dry mandible bones were collected. Morphological and morphometric parameters were studied to determine their sex. A total of nine parameters, i.e., three non-metric and six metric parameters were observed for each mandible. Data was collected for each parameter. Results: Among 80 dry mandible bones, 55 were males and 25 were females. 81.2% males bones had a square chin whereas, 80% females had a rounded chin. Gonial flare was everted in 89% males and inverted in 68% females. Conclusion: Mandible exhibits significant sexual differences. Various morphological and morphometric parameters are essential for sex determination in case of mandible bone.

As a result of increasingly rigorous environmental legislation and industry adoption of waste minimization recommendations, the development of recycling and reuse possibilities for metal-related trash has become increasingly important.Inthis research, calcium oxide and mixture of calcium, iron, and magnesium oxides was extracted from the wastes of cement factories using hydrofluoric acid. As a result, this research provides a comprehensive picture of waste recycling, and reuse throughout extraction and it examines the current state and potential developments in mineral and metal waste recycling and reusing them in different applications, among these applications, it is used CaO and CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs in medical applications, including uterine cancer. Characterizations of the extracted nano-products were done using (XRD) which confirmed the crystalline nature of CaO and the mixture of CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs. More, (FESEM) has been used to demonstrate the morphology of the nanostructures of CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs. The data yielded the average grain size of CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs calculated by SEM and XRD (64.08, 84.2) nm and (38.636, 31.597) nm respectively. (EDS) spectrum and XRD pattern suggested that prepared CaO and the mixed CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs were highly pure. In addition, the ability of NPs as a promising anticancer agent was tested against MES-SA cells line, according to the MTT assay results of MES-SA cells the IC50 (91.65 and 98.4) μg/mL for CaO and CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs respectively. The results showed that the extracted nanoparticles CaO and the mixture CaO:MgO:Fe2O3 NPs served as an anticancer agent.

Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. Italica) belongs to the family cruciferae which is mainly used as vegetable at its tender stage. The study was conducted to evaluate the morphological, phenological, head and yield traits of broccoli genotypes at Karma Innovative Research and Development Stations of Kathmandu, Kavre and Kaski district of Nepal from September 2019 to March 2020. The experiment was laid out on Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications at each location. Genotypes, location and interaction between them showed significant variation on almost all parameters. BL-17001, BL-18012 and Centauro genotypes were observed with no lateral heads, which means low yield than other varieties. BL-16003 was observed with maximum yield (1.0 kg/plant at Kathmandu and kavre and 0.9 kg/plant at Kaski) at all locations comparing to other genotypes. Among high-yielding genotypes (BL-16003 and BL-18009) BL-16003 found as early maturing and also had lateral heads so, it can also be used for multi-harvesting. In addition, the height of this genotype was in the lower range with highest number of leaves. Thus, BL-16003 is found as the promising genotype at all localities.

The sugar beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, is a major parasite of sugar beet which has been recognized and listed as a quarantine nematode in China and more than 20 countries and regions worldwide. A survey for important nematodes was undertaken in the sugar beet planting area of China during 2015–2018, and numerous cysts were collected from sugar beet fields in Xinyuan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. The observations of morphological and morphometric characteristics revealed that cysts, vulval cones and second-stage juveniles of the Xinjiang population were in the same range of each other and within those of other reported H. schachtii populations. Molecular analysis of rDNA-ITS, 28S-D2/D3 and mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequences suggested that the Xinjiang population clustered in a branch with those foreign populations, and the sequence similarity was as high as 99.81–100%. Moreover, this result was confirmed by PCR assay with species-specific primer SHF6 and rDNA2 of H. schachtii, and the pathogenicity test confirmed successful Xinjiang population reproduction in both plant hosts. In conclusion, based on morphological and molecular characterization, this study confirmed that the cyst nematode population collected from sugar beet fields in Xinjiang is H. schachtii. As far as we know, this is the first report of H. schachtii on sugar beets in Xinjiang, China.

Background and Study Aim. The variability of interpopulation morphofunctional traits in humans is closely related to various environmental factors. However, body composition has a significant relationship with indicators of physical fitness, human performance, with its adaptation to environmental conditions. The aim of the work is to investigate ethno-territorial variability of morphological characteristics of students studying at Ukrainian universities. Material and methods. Datum were from cross-sectional surveys since 2014 through 2019. Male students aged 18–25 years old (n = 488) of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University from different countries were recruited. Anthropometric methods included body length (BH), body weight (BW), chest girth in three states: at maximum, maximum inspiration and rest; skinfolds thicknesses and epiphysis measurements. Somatometric physical development indicators (body mass index - BMI), Kettle’, Pignet’, Livi’ and Erismann’ indexes) were calculated on the basis of these parameters. Body composition (absolute and relative amounts of skeletal, fat and muscle components) were determined using Matiegka formula. Results. It was found that the average growth of students in European countries is higher compared to students from Asia (9-10%) and Africa (3-5%). Reliably significant differences (p

The interest in developing bio-based composite materials had grown up with the context of maintaining ecological integrity by introducing new eco-friendly materials. The present study investigated the suitability of a novel Furcraea selloa K. Koch leaf fiber (FSLF) for composite reinforcement instead of existing synthetic harmful fiber materials. The identification for exploration of novel natural fibers with significant properties is a great challenge for researchers, due to their accessibility in polymer composites eco-friendliness and sustainability. Indeed, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological features were established through this study, low density (810 kg/m3), high crystallinity (56.7%), high thermal stability (350°C), good tensile strength (650 ± 23 MPa) were the notable features of FSLF that facilitate its further use for composite reinforcement. Moreover, good surface roughness with fewer impurities and low microfibril angle also prove its sustainability in composite reinforcement. This study suggests that the potential properties of FSLF would be a suitable alternative to commercially important synthetic fiber, in the highest seeking-fibers as reinforcement.

Background: Isoberlinia (Craib and Stapf) is a genus with high economic and pharmacological values. Aim: This study aimed at establishing the morphological, anatomical and molecular characterisation of the leaves of I. doka and I. tomentosa, which were conducted for proper authentication. Setting: The leaves of I. doka and I. tomentosa were obtained from Shika, kaduna State, Nigeria. Method: Morphological and anatomical characters were determined according to standard procedures, while molecular identifications were performed using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcl) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA barcode’s region. Result: Morphological studies revealed similar features for both species except for the shiny leaves of I. doka and rough abaxial surfaces of I. tomentosa because of the presence of trichomes. Variations were observed in their epidermal features, stomatal index, stomata frequency, presence or absence of trichomes, trichomes frequency and their quantitative anatomical features. The quantity and quality of DNA measured at A260/280 ratio using nanodrop spectrophotometer were 29.1 ng/μL and 1.74 ng/μL for I. doka, respectively, while the I. tomentosa concentration and purity were 71.1 ng/μL and 1.85 ng/μL, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed two DNA bands with 700 bp (rbcl) and 600 bp (ITS). The sequence analysis revealed maximum identity with National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GeneBank Isoberlinia species. Evolutionary analysis supported the monophyletic origin of the genus Isoberlinia. The morphological and anatomical characters of I. doka and I. tomentosa leaves have provided a significant taxonomy tool for proper authentication of this plant. Conclusion: The findings ascertained that ITS and rbcl served as an improved and efficient tool for species identification of these studied species and could serve as potential DNA barcodes for these taxa. Contribution: This article suggests that further studies the on screening of these plants, for various pharmacological potentials, might be useful for new drug development.

BackgroundBasivertebral foramen (BF) is a vessel and nerve passage in the posterior wall of vertebral body (VB). Our goal was to report BF's morphological characteristics in different age groups of mainland Chinese adults and to evaluate the relationship between BF's morphology and factors such as age, gender, heavy work, size and level of VB.MethodsWe enrolled 300 adults among persons who came to our hospital for health examination. We measured BFs and VBs’ parameters on T1 weighted sagittal lumbar spine MR images. We also assessed following potential predictors: gender, body height, body weight, body mass index, alcohol use, habits of smoking and drinking, type of work (physical work or non-physical work). A stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of BF's height.ResultsPeople above 60 have significantly bigger BFHr than those in young adulthood and in the middle ages at all five levels, while they have shallowest BFs, especially at L3. Multiple linear regression resulted in a formula that accounted for 30.1% of the variability in the height of basivertebral foramen. Significant predictors included: gender, age, level, vertebral height and heavy work.ConclusionAge is the highest weight in all factors on the height of BF. BF is closer to the upper endplate. The BF was relatively higher and deeper in the female lumbar spine. Heavywork results in lower BF. Last but not the least, as we supposed, BF gets shallower and higher compare to VB with age.Level of evidencePrognostic level III. See instructions for authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Guava is an important revenue generating crop for small, medium, and commercial guava cultivators all over the world. Nematode infestation is one of the factors that cause declines in fruit production. Researches have proven that the application of plant growth regulators induces the synthesis of defense-related proteins in Guava. IBA is one such plant growth regulator, and its effects on guava plants has not yet been elucidated. Thus, this research is focused on the optimization of IBA concentrations, which results in the induction and production of maximum defense-related proteins to defend against root knot nematode. The present study includes the application of IBA on M. enterolobii-infested experimental guava plants at different concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 2000 ppm. The synthesis of defense-related proteins is identified with 1000 ppm of IBA. At this concentration, IBA influences the morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and enhances the induction of defense-related proteins in M. enterolobii-infested experimental guava plants. Thus, 1000 ppm of IBA prevents nematode infestation in Lucknow-49 guava plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Map space composition is the first step in ship route planning. In this study, a map modeling method for path planning is proposed. This method incorporates the safety margin based on the theory of geographic space existing in coastal waters, maneuvering space according to ship characteristics, and the psychological buffer space of a ship navigator. First, the obstacle area was segmented using the binary method—a segmentation method—based on the international standard electronic chart image. Next, the margin space was incorporated through the morphological algorithm for the obstacle area. Finally, to minimize the space lost during the route search, the boundary simplification of the obstacle area was performed through the concave hull method. The experimental results of the proposed method resulted in a map that minimized the area lost due to obstacles. In addition, it was found that the distance and path-finding time were reduced compared to the conventional convex hull method. The study shows that the map modeling method is feasible, and that it can be applied to path planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The morphological and hemodynamic features of patients with vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) are yet unknown. This study sought to elucidate morphological and hemodynamic features of patients with ruptured and unruptured VADAs based on computed flow simulation. Methods: Fifty-two patients (31 unruptured and 21 ruptured VADAs) were admitted to two hospitals between March 2016 and October 2021. All VADAs were located in the intradural segment, and their clinical, morphological, and hemodynamic parameters were retrospectively analyzed. The hemodynamic parameters were determined through computational fluid dynamics simulations. Univariate statistical and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to select significantly different parameters and identify key factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to assess the discrimination for each key factor. Results: Four hemodynamic parameters were observed to significantly differ between ruptured and unruptured VADAs, including wall shear stress (WSS), low shear area, intra-aneurysmal pressure (IAP), and relative residence time. However, no significant differences were observed in morphological parameters between ruptured and unruptured VADAs. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that low WSS and high IAP were significantly observed in the ruptured VADAs and demonstrated adequate discrimination. Conclusions: This research indicates significant hemodynamic differences, but no morphological differences were observed between ruptured and unruptured VADAs. The ruptured group had significantly lower WSS and higher IAP than the unruptured group. To further confirm the roles of low WSS and high IAP in the rupture of VADAs, large prospective studies and long-term follow-up of unruptured VADAs are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We applied an integrative taxonomic framework to evaluate the systematics of the Neotropical Black-and-white Becard (Pachyramphus albogriseus Sclater 1857). Combining phylogenomic (ultraconserved elements), morphological, and vocalization data, we confirmed that this species is polyphyletic; some individuals form a clade sister to P. polychopterus and should be afforded species rank as P. salvini Richmond 1899 (Slender-billed Becard), whereas the remaining subspecies of P. albogriseus (Broad-banded Becard) are sister to P. major. We found that P. salvini differs from P. albogriseus in song, color of the lores, wing-bar width, body size, and bill width. Whereas P. albogriseus occurs in montane forest in Costa Rica and Panama (ssp. ornatus) and along the eastern slope of the Andes from northern Venezuela to southern Peru (ssp. albogriseus), P. salvini is found in the lowlands from Pacific Colombia south to northwest Peru and in the Río Marañón drainage. The latter also occurs, possibly only seasonally, along the eastern slope of the Andes, where the two species' ranges approach closely. We treat P. a. guayaquilensis Zimmer 1936 as a junior synonym of P. salvini Richmond 1899, and P. a. coronatus Phelps and Phelps 1953 as a junior synonym of P. a. albogriseus Sclater 1857. This study provides a striking example of a major problem for comparative biology: underestimated and mischaracterized diversity. We argue that there are likely many more cases like this awaiting discovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interest in developing bio-based composite materials had grown up with the context of maintaining ecological integrity by introducing new ecofriendly materials. The present study investigated the suitability of a novel Furcraea selloa K. Koch leaf fiber (FSLF) for composite reinforcement instead of existing synthetic harmful fiber materials. The identification for exploration of novel natural fibers with significant properties is a great challenge for researchers, due to their accessibility in polymer composites eco-friendliness and sustainability. Indeed, physicochemical, thermal, mechanical, and morphological features were established through this study, low density (810 kg/m3), high crystallinity (56.7%), high thermal stability (350°C), good tensile strength (650 ± 23 MPa) were the notable features of FSLF that facilitate its further use for composite reinforcement. Moreover, good surface roughness with fewer impurities and low microfibril angle also prove its sustainability in composite reinforcement. This study suggests that the potential properties of FSLF would be a suitable alternative to commercially important synthetic fiber, in the highest seeking-fibers as reinforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Isoberlinia (Craib and Stapf) is a genus with high economic and pharmacological values. Aim: This study aimed at establishing the morphological, anatomical and molecular characterisation of the leaves of I. doka and I. tomentosa, which were conducted for proper authentication. Setting: The leaves of I. doka and I. tomentosa were obtained from Shika, kaduna State, Nigeria. Method: Morphological and anatomical characters were determined according to standard procedures, while molecular identifications were performed using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcl) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA barcode's region. Result: Morphological studies revealed similar features for both species except for the shiny leaves of I. doka and rough abaxial surfaces of I. tomentosa because of the presence of trichomes. Variations were observed in their epidermal features, stomatal index, stomata frequency, presence or absence of trichomes, trichomes frequency and their quantitative anatomical features. The quantity and quality of DNA measured at A260/280 ratio using nanodrop spectrophotometer were 29.1 ng/μL and 1.74 ng/μL for I. doka , respectively, while the I. tomentosa concentration and purity were 71.1 ng/μL and 1.85 ng/μL, respectively. Agarose gel electrophoresis revealed two DNA bands with 700 bp (rbcl) and 600 bp (ITS). The sequence analysis revealed maximum identity with National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GeneBank Isoberlinia species. Evolutionary analysis supported the monophyletic origin of the genus Isoberlinia. The morphological and anatomical characters of I. doka and I. tomentosa leaves have provided a significant taxonomy tool for proper authentication of this plant. Conclusion: The findings ascertained that ITS and rbcl served as an improved and efficient tool for species identification of these studied species and could serve as potential DNA barcodes for these taxa. Contribution: This article suggests that further studies the on screening of these plants, for various pharmacological potentials, might be useful for new drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ceropegia eshanensis, a new species from Yimen, Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The species is presently placed in sect. Chionopegia, morphologically, it is similar to C. driophila and C. exigua, but clearly differs in its densely verrucose lenticellate old stems, leaf blades ovate to elliptic, 4-7 x 3-4.5 cm, glabrous, base broadly cuneate, slightly decurrent, longer peduncles. A comparison table of related species is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Accurately segmenting head and neck cancer (HNC) tumors in medical images is crucial for effective treatment planning. However, current methods for HNC segmentation are limited in their accuracy and efficiency. The present study aimed to design a model for segmenting HNC tumors in three-dimensional (3D) positron emission tomography (PET) images using Non-Local Means (NLM) and morphological operations. Material and Methods: The proposed model was tested using data from the HECKTOR challenge public dataset, which included 408 patient images with HNC tumors. NLM was utilized for image noise reduction and preservation of critical image information. Following pre-processing, morphological operations were used to assess the similarity of intensity and edge information within the images. The Dice score, Intersection Over Union (IoU), and accuracy were used to evaluate the manual and predicted segmentation results. Results: The proposed model achieved an average Dice score of 81.47 ± 3.15, IoU of 80 ± 4.5, and accuracy of 94.03 ± 4.44, demonstrating its effectiveness in segmenting HNC tumors in PET images. Conclusions: The proposed algorithm provides the capability to produce patient-specific tumor segmentation without manual interaction, addressing the limitations of current methods for HNC segmentation. The model has the potential to improve treatment planning and aid in the development of personalized medicine. Additionally, this model can be extended to effectively segment other organs from limited annotated medical images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a wet chemical approach was exploited to synthesis of Cu-doped V2O5 (CVO) nanostructures with different doping concentrations of Cu at 5, 10, and 15%. The structural analysis confirms that samples annealed at 600oC rehabilitated to monoclinic V2O5. The surface morphology and nanostructure were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. The presence of various elements (Cu, V & O) and their compositions were confirmed using EDS and XPS measurements. The photoluminescence spectrum reveals a strong blue emission at 418 nm is ascribed to the electronic transition from vanadium interstitial to the valence band. Further, we fabricated the junction diodes by the nebulizer spray depositing CVO nanostructures in a colloidal form on the p-Si substrate at 150oC. Depending on the applied voltage and Cu doping level the rectifying behavior with a high rectification ratio (RR) was observed from the I-V characteristics of studied diodes. Inclusively, a V2O5 with substitution of Cu at.15% has significantly enhanced the photoresponse time and current density (J=4.19x10-4A/cm2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine silage yield and quality characteristics of 22 silage maize varieties (ADA-9510, ADA-9516, ADA-523, AGA, Arifiye, Kalideas, Keravnos, Kerbanis, Kolessous, Kilowatt, Larigal, Sakarya, Samada-07, Simpatico, SY-Antex, SY-İnove, SY-Gladius, Dragma, Pioneer PR31G98, Pioneer P9027, Dekalp 6308 ve Dekalp 6442) in Bilecik ecological conditions during the 2020 year. The experiments were arranged in randomized blocks design with three replications. The harvest was done when the plants reached at dough stage. The harvested plant were chopped, filled in 2 kg plastic drums in 3 repetitions and stored during the fermentation period, at 25±2 °C in a dry and out of direct sunlight indoor environment. Silage yield, physical quality characteristics, Flieg score, lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid content, pH level, dry matter content, crude protein content, condensed tannin content, relative feed value (RFV), and some minerals contents were determined. Silage yields of the varieties were 5665.43 kg da-1 (Kalideas) 9971.30 kg da-1 (Sakarya), Flieg score 46.52 (Kolessous) - 98.59 (PR31G98), crude protein ratio 6.45% (Samada-07) - 8.95 (Ada-9510), relative feed value varied between 82.79 (Kolessous)-137.19 (ADA-9516). The highest lactic acid was from Arifiye (3.316), Sakarya (2.636%), Larigal (3.064%), Sy-Gladius (3.062%), and Dekalp 6308 (3.154%) varieties. The silages obtained from silage corn varieties, K content are between 1.867% (Kerbanis) and 3.203% (Kolessous), P content is 4.453% (Kalessous), 0.320% (SY-İnove), Ca content is 0.213% (Kerbanis)-0.490 (Kolessous) and The Mg content varied between 0.110% (Kerbanis)-0.217 (Dekalp 6308). As a result of the study, it was determined that silages made from Arifiye, Sakarya, Larigal, Sy-Antex, Sy-Gladius, PR31G98, P9027 and Dekalp varieties outperformed in terms of silage yield and quality characteristics which was investigated from other maize varieties in Bilecik ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To predict survival prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients with tumors larger than 7 cm by preoperative radiological morphological features. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of RCC patients with tumors larger than 7 cm from 2007 to 2017 in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. A total of 251 patients' clinical data were collected. 25 and 9 patients were excluded due to loss of follow-up and lack of imaging data, respectively. PFS and OS from date of surgery were evaluated. We defined the irregularity of the tumor as the morphological feature studied and quantified it according to a theorem of the ellipse: the length from the midpoint of the ellipse to any point on the ellipse is shorter than or equal to 1/2 of the long axis. The cutoff value of irregularity was calculated based on the ROC curve. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to test associations between features and outcome. Results: Of all the 217 patients included in the study, 67 patients had disease progression and 30 patients died. The cutoff value of the irregularity was selected to be 0.5335. Adrenal invasion, presence of distant metastasis and irregularity of tumors were significantly associated with PFS, and presence of distant metastasis and irregularity of tumors were significantly associated with OS. Conclusions: For patients with tumors larger than 7 cm in RCC, we found a radiological index that is closely related to the prognosis: irregularity. This is an unreported independent prognostic risk factor that can be quantified before surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, cultivated Fritillaria persica L. (Liliaceae) investigated morpho-anatomical and volatile compounds of bulbs. Purple tepals, 12-28 flowers in inflorescence, yellow-green filaments and dark yellow or purple anthers were notable morphological properties. For the anatomical study, sections were prepared from root, stem and leaf. The cortex of the stem was comprised of parenchyma and sclerenchyma. The collateral vascular bundles were scattered. The leaves were unifacial and amphistomatic. The stomata type was anomocytic. The crushed bulb volatiles of F. persica were trapped by the headspacesolid phase microextraction technique and determined by analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Eight compounds (83.9%) were identified and the major compounds were found as 1,3-dichlorobenzene (60%), limonene (8.1%) and p-cymene (5.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Cervical histopathology image classification is a crucial indicator in cervical biopsy results. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify histopathology images of cervical cancer at an early stage by extracting texture and morphological features for the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. METHODS: We extract three different texture features and one morphological feature of cervical histopathology images: first-order histogram, K-means clustering, Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and nucleus feature. The original dataset used in our experiment is obtained from 20 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer, including 135 whole slide images (WSIs). Given an entire WSI, the patches on its tissue region are extracted randomly. RESULTS: We finally obtain 3,000 patches, including 1,000 normal, 1,000 hysteromyoma and 1,000 cancer images. Among them, 80% of the entire data set is randomly selected as training set and the remaining 20% as test set. The accuracy of SVM classification using first-order histogram, K-means clustering, GLAM and nucleus feature for extracting features are respectively 87.4%, 90.6%, 91.6% and 93.5%. CONCLUSIONS: The classification accuracy of the SVM combining the four features is 96.8%, and the proposed nucleus feature plays a key role in the SVM classification of cervical histopathology images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that belongs to family Gramineae and needs a larger amount of water to complete its life cycle as compared to other crops. Hence, rice production is severely affected by water stress. Drought is an important issue in rainfed areas across the globe which limits rice production. Several morphological characters like germination, plant height, plant biomass, number of tillers, various root and leaf traits, physiological characters like photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosystem-II activity, carbon isotope discrimination, membrane stability, and abscisic acid content of rice are reduced under drought conditions. Drought also induces the accumulation of several biochemical osmoprotectants like proline, polyamines, sugars, antioxidants and alters the expression of several genes including transcription factors and defense-related proteins, hence thereby affects the yield of rice crop. Drought escape, drought avoidance, and drought tolerance are the mechanisms that prevent plant from harmful effects of drought. Thus, this review is focused mainly on recent information about the morphological, physio-biochemical, and molecular effects, responses, and adaptation mechanisms of rice under drought stress. Here we also discussed that how we can improve the rice for drought tolerance using various molecular tools and techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice straw is a waste product from rice manufacturing that contains cellulose (32–47%), hemicellulose (19-27%), lignin (5–24%), and ash (13–20%). The ash form consists of a large percentage of silicon dioxide (SiO2) with widespread use in the industrial field. The extraction of silicon dioxide has been conducted using the sol-gel and ashing method combined with the leaching process using an acid solution such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) at a concentration of 3%. In using HCl with a concentration of 3%, impurities are often found in the SiO2 sample. Therefore, this study uses the leaching method with HCl of several variations (3%, 5%, and 7%). By raising the concentration of HCl in this process, the quality of SiO2 without impurities is increased. The results indicate that increasing the concentration of HCl can significantly lower the sample’s impurity content. In the 3% treatment, impurities were found in the form of Carbon and Calcium. The treatment obtained no impurities using 5% and 7% HCl concentrations. As a result, the highest purity of SiO2 obtained was 89.31% in the 5% HCl treatment. The sample treated with 5% HCl was in the semiconductor region and exhibited an amorphous structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of digital dental casts from plaster cast scanning (PCS), impression scanning (IPS), intraoral scanning (IOS), and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning (CCS) methods. The maxillary and mandibular dental casts of 15 patients who needed CBCT scans for oral examination or treatment were digitized via four methods. 12 linear distance measurements of all digital dental casts were selected and acquired with software and compared to those of the reference plaster cast to evaluate the dimensional accuracy. Three-dimensional deviation analysis of the IPS, IOS and CCS groups with respect to the reference PCS group was performed to evaluate the morphological accuracy. The discrepancy in linear distances between the digital dental casts and reference plaster casts was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The dimensional accuracies of the PCS (0.06 ± 0.12 mm) and IPS (0.03 ± 0.05 mm) casts were better than those of the IOS (0.37 ± 0.30 mm) and CCS (0.54 ± 0.40 mm) casts. The one-sample t test showed that there were statistically significant differences between the discrepancies in 8 of the linear distances for the PCS group and 9 of the linear distances for the IPS group between the digital dental casts and reference plaster casts, with an ideal error of 0.00 (p < 0.05). The sequence of morphological accuracy from good to poor was maxillary and mandibular IPS, mandibular IOS; maxillary IOS; and maxillary and mandibular CCS. The accuracy of the digital dental casts from the PCS and IPS methods was greater than that of IOS and CCS methods. Although accuracy of the digital dental cast from IOS was low, it satisfied the clinical requirements for fixed restorations in small units. The accuracy of the digital dental cast from CCS was poorest and could only be used for procedures with lower accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gastrochilus heminii (Orchidaceae), a new orchid species from Sichuan Province, Southwest China, is described and illustrated. It morphologically resembles G. affinis and G. yei, but differs markedly from the former in having a thinner and slightly rolled downwards reniform epichile and the central thickened purple-red mat with irregular folds (vs. subtriangular epichile curves upwards, with 2 thick, brown to purplish- brown median ridges from base to apex), and can be clearly distinguished from the latter by having reniform epichile with lobed apex and subconical hypochile with bilobed apex that splits into two conical protrusions (vs. semi-rounded epichile not lobed and subconical hypochile not bilobed). The results of molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear ribosome internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four chloroplast DNA fragments (matK, psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, and trnL-F) of 36 Gastrochilus species showed that G. heminii was closely related to G. affinis and G. distichus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellowtail fusilier, Caesio cuning (Bloch, 1971) is the main catch of fishermen on the Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa. C. cuning also has a unique character in the form of different eye color, white, red, and white-red. These differences were raise question whether the eye colors will be differentiated the morphology, and the genetic diversity of C. cuning. This research aims to study the biodiversity of C. cuning caught by fishermen on Nyamuk Island, Karimunjawa, based on their morphology, and molecular using mtDNA control region gene marker. This study also wanted to test, if different eye colors observed on the sample also reflected at the genetic level. A unique thing was found in morphological observations in the form of eye colors in C. cuning (white, red and white-red). Measurements of 19 morphometric characters were conducted on 44 samples directly in the field. Twenty four (24) samples with three different eye colors were selected for molecular assay of locus control region mtDNA in the laboratory. Morphological analysis showed the total length of 44 samples of C. cuning ranged from 15-29.4 cm. The total length of white eye color ranged from 15-29.4 cm from 20 samples, red-eye color 17-26 cm from 20 samples and whitered eye color 22-24.6 from 4 samples. Molecular test showed that the fish observed was indeed C. cuning with a similarity of 97.07%-99.27% of NCBI data. The genetic distance C. cuning between individuals was 0-3%. Genetic distance in the same eye color and different have the same value of 2%. Twenty haplotypes were obtained from 24 samples with high haplotypes diversity, values ranging from 0.978-1,000. The nucleotide diversity ranges from 0.019-0.021. There is no molecular difference between C. cuning with different eye colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]