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INTRODUCTION: urinary incontinence (UI) is a phenomenon with high prevalence in hospitalized elderly patients, effecting up to 70% of patients requiring long term care. However, despite the discomfort it causes and its association with functional decline, it seems to be given insufficient attention by nurses in geriatric care. OBJECTIVES: to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence in geriatric patients at admission and the level of nurse involvement as characterized by the explicit documentation of UI diagnosis in the patient's record, prescription of nursing intervention, or nursing actions related to UI. METHODS: cross-sectional retrospective chart review. One hundred cases were randomly selected from those patients 65 years or older admitted to the geriatric ward of a university hospital. The variables examined included: total and continence scores on the Measure of Functional Independence (MIF), socio-demographic variables, presence of a nursing diagnosis in the medical record, prescription of or documentation of a nursing intervention related to UI. RESULTS: the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 72 % and UI was positively correlated with a low MIF score, age and status of awaiting placement. Of the examined cases, nursing diagnosis of UI was only documented in 1.4 % of cases, nursing interventions were prescribed in 54 % of cases, and at least one nursing intervention was performed in 72 % of cases. The vast majority of the interventions were palliative. DISCUSSION: the results on the prevalence of IU are similar to those reported in several other studies. This is also the case in relation to nursing interventions. In this study, people with UI were given the same care regardless of their MIF score MIF, age or gender. One limitation of this study is that it is retrospective and therefore dependent on the quality of the nursing documentation. CONCLUSIONS: this study is novel because it examines UI in relation to nursing interventions. It demonstrates that despite a high prevalence of UI, the general level of concern for nurses remains relatively low. Individualized care is desirable and clinical innovations must be developed for primary and secondary prevention of UI during hospitalization.

The Moran index which is often used to detect spatial autocorrelation among geographical data in the main focus of this paper. In this article, we will derive exact and simple expression for the corresponding moments when the vector of observations is from a multivariate exchangeable population. We will also derive the distribution function of some ratios of quadratic forms, which like the Moran index are function of commuting matrices., Statistica; Vol 51, No 3 (1991)

Mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor gene are responsible for two human tubular disorders: X-linked congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, due to a loss of function of the mutant V2 receptor, and the nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, due to a constitutive activation of the mutant V2 receptor. This latter recently described disease may be diagnosed from infancy to adulthood, as some carriers remain asymptomatic for many years. Symptomatic children, however, typically present with clinical and biological features suggesting inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion with severe hyponatremia and high urine osmolality, but a low plasma arginine vasopressin level. To date, only two missense mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor gene have been found in the reported patients. The pathophysiology of the disease requires fuller elucidation as the phenotypic variability observed in patients bearing the same mutations remains unexplained. The treatment is mainly preventive with fluid restriction, but urea may also be proposed.

Primary care medicine is first in line to meet the necessary changes in our health care system. Innovations in this field pursue three types of objectives: accessibility, quality and continuity of care. The Department of ambulatory care and community medicine of the University of Lausanne (Policlinique médicale universitaire) is committed to this path, emphasizing interprofessional collaboration. The doctor, nurse and medical assistant coordinate their activities to contribute efficiently to meet the needs of patients today and tomorrow. This paper also addresses how our department, as a public and academic institution, might play a major role as a health care network actor. A master degree dissertation in health management has started to identify the critical success factors and the strategic core competencies needed to achieve this development.

Purpose: Collaboration and interprofessional practices are highly valued in health systems everywhere, partly based on the rationale that they improve outcomes of care for people with complex health problems, such as low back pain. Research in the area of low back pain also supports the involvement of different health professionals in the interventions for people who present this condition. The aim of this studywas to identify factors influencing the interprofessional practices of physiotherapists working in private settings with people with low back pain. Relevance: Physiotherapists, like other health professionals, are encouraged to engage in interprofessional practices in their dailywork. However, to date, very little is known of their interprofessional practices, especially in private settings. Understanding physiotherapists' interprofessional practices and their influencing factors will notably advance knowledge relating to the organisation of physiotherapy services for people with low back pain. Participants: Participants in this study were 13 physiotherapists including 10 women and 3 men, having between 3 and 22 years of professional experience, and working in one of 10 regions of the Province of Quebec (Canada). In order to obtain maximal variation in the perspectives, participants were selected using a recruitment matrix including three criteria: duration of professional experience, work location, and physical proximity with other professionals. Methods: Thiswas a descriptive qualitative study using faceto- face semi-structured interviews as the main method of data collection. An interview guide was developed based on an evidence-derived frame of reference. Each interview lasted between 55 and 95 minutes and was transcribed verbatim. Analysis: Qualitative analyses took the form of content analysis, encompassing data coding and general thematic regrouping. NVivo version 8 was used to assist data organisation and analysis. Results: Multiple factors influencing the interprofessional practices of physiotherapists were identified. The main factors include the consulting person's health condition, the extent of knowledge on health professionals' roles and fields of practice, the proximity and availability of professional resources, as well as daily work schedules. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the influence of multiple factors on physiotherapists' interprofessional practices, including professional practice and organisational issues. However, further research on the interprofessional practices of physiotherapists is still required. Research priorities targeting the views of other health professionals, as well as those of services users, would enhance our comprehension of interprofessional practices of physiotherapists. Implications: This study provides new insights that improve our understanding of the interprofessional practices of physiotherapists working in private settings with people with low back pain, more specifically on the factors influencing these practices. Based on our findings, implementing changes such as improving current and future health professionals' knowledge of the fields and roles of other health professionals through training may contribute to positively influencing interprofessional practices. Keywords: Interprofessional practices; Private practice; Low back pain Funding acknowledgements: This research was supported in part by a B.E. Schnurr Memorial Fund Research Grant administered by the Physiotherapy Foundation of Canada, as well as from a clinical research partnership in physiotherapy between the Quebec Rehabilitation Research Network (REPAR) and the Ordre professionnel de la physiothérapie du Québec (OPPQ). KP received doctoral-level scholarships from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST). CE Dionne is a FRSQ senior Research Scholar. Ethics approval: This project was approved by the ethics research committee of the Institut de réadaptation en déficience physique de Québec.

Dairy calves and early-weaned beef calves are often weaned at 2-3 months of age and castrated at that time. Most studies examining the effects of analgesic and anesthetic agents on responses to castration focus on older or younger cattle. Also, no analgesic or local anesthetic agents are approved for reducing castration-associated pain in calves in the US. Extra-label use of such agents should be based on evidence of efficacy. Our objective was to provide tangible data on the effects of flunixin meglumine (FM) and local anesthesia (LA) on cortisol and performance responses associated with surgical castration in 2- to 3-month-old dairy calves., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2010

International audience; Acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, or Guillain-Barre ́ syn- drome (GBS), is characterized by peripheral nerve demyelination, which leads to rapidly progressive weakness, loss of sensation, and loss of deep tendon reflexes. It is a prototype of postinfectious autoimmune disease, whose pathophysiology is well described in the forms provoked by certain bacteria (molecular mimicry with Campylobacter jejuni), but remains unclear for the forms related to other organisms (cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and other herpes group viruses, Mycoplasma pneumoniae). Glomerular lesions can be associated with the neurological symptoms and have also been described after various infections, independently of any signs of polyradiculoneuropathy. We report the observation of a 12-year-old girl who presented with Guillain-Barre ́ syndrome with facial diple- gia, ataxia, and intracranial hypertension following Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection. During the course of the neurological disease, membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) was diagnosed. The neurological impairment was regressive within 6 months after intra- venous immunoglobulin treatment followed by intravenous then oral corticosteroid administration. Viremia remained high more than 6 months after the onset of symptoms. Glomerulopathy progressed independently and finally required immunosuppressant medication with cyclosporine. EBV might be the factor that triggered the auto- immune disorders, as previously reported for systemic lupus ery- thematosus and multiple sclerosis in children. To the best of our knowledge, this association of 3 conditions (GBS, MGN, and EBV primary infection) has never been reported in the literature.; La polyradiculonevrite aigue (PRNA) ou syndrome de Guillain-Barre ́ est caracterisee par une demyelinisation des nerfs peripheriques entraınant un deficit sensitivomoteur et une areflexie osteotendineuse d’evolution rapide. La PRNA est un prototype de maladie autoimmune post-infectieuse, dont la physiopathologie a ete ́ bien decrite pour certains germes (mimetisme moleculaire et Campylo-bacterjejuni) et qui est encore peu connue pour d’autre (cytomega- lovirus, Epstein-Barr virus et autres virus du groupe herpes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae). Une atteinte glomerulaire peut etre associee a` l’atteinte neurologique et a par ailleurs ete ́ decrite au cours de certaines infections independamment de toute polyradiculonevrite. Nous rapportons l’observation d’une patiente de 12 ans qui a presente ́ une PRNA avec une diplegie faciale, une ataxie et une hypertension intracranienne au decours d’une primo-infection a` virus Epstein-Barr (EBV) ; puis qui a developpe ́ une glomerulo-nephrite extramembraneuse (GEM). L’atteinte neurologique a ete ́ resolutive en 6 mois apres 3 cures d’immunoglobulines intraveineu- ses suivies de 3 cures de corticoı ̈des intraveineux avec relais oral. La viremie etait restee elevee plus de 6 mois apres le debut de la symptomatologie. L’atteinte renale avait évolué pour son propre compte et avait necessite ́ un traitement immunosuppresseur par ciclosporine. L’EBV pourrait etre le declencheur de l’auto-immunité dans ce cas, comme cela a déjà été évoqué dans le lupus érythémateux dissemine ́ et la sclerose en plaques chez l’enfant. Nous n’avons pas trouve ́ d’observation associant les 3 conditions (PRNA, GEM et primo-infection a` EBV) dans la litterature francaise et anglo-saxonne

US dairy calves are often disbudded at an early age without analgesics, whereas several other countries require analgesics. Administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in milk replacer would be a simple, stress-free method to deliver analgesics for disbudding if shown to improve well-being. Most studies of NSAID efficacy involve older animals, NSAIDs not labeled for use in US cattle, or NSAIDs administered by injection. Our objective was to determine the effects of administering an NSAID labeled for use in US cattle (flunixin meglumine; FM) in milk replacer on heart rate (HR), physical activity (PA), and salivary cortisol concentration (SCC) in young dairy calves disbudded by cautery., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2009

Treatment of clinical mastitis accounts for a substantial proportion of antimicrobial use on dairy farms. Intramammary (IMM) antibiotics are a mainstay of treatment for clinical mastitis, especially episodes caused by streptococci or staphylococci. For therapy to be successful, the antimicrobial treatment must attain and maintain an effective concentration at the site of infection. Accurate pharmacokinetic data are essential for determining appropriate treatment regimens and withholding times, especially when antimicrobials are used off-label, because milk is withheld from sale until antimicrobial residues drop below the tolerance concentration. Some studies use foremilk or total milk collected during milking for antimicrobial quantification, whereas many studies do not report sample type. Because antimicrobials distribute unevenly in the mammary gland, and because milk fractions differ in protein and fat concentrations which influence distribution, we hypothesized that antimicrobial concentrations differ in milk fractions after IMM infusion. Therefore, our objective was to compare antimicrobial concentrations in three fractions of milk 8 or 12 hours after administering an IMM antimicrobial to lactating dairy cows., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2008

Some mining effluents and mine drainage waters are acidic and highly polluted with arsenic. A bio-process performing the precipitation of arsenic sulphide would be very attractive, because the final solid waste would contain up to 60% arsenic in weight. In the framework of Biomine European Integrated project (contract NMP2-CT-2005-500329), a bacterial population able to reduce sulphate at pH 4.5 was selected and used to inoculate column bioreactors that were continuously fed with arsenic in acidic conditions. Arsenic precipitates with sulphide in acidic and low-sulphide solutions. With excess sulphide, soluble thioarsenite species are expected to form.The present work showed that sulphate-reducing bacteria can mediate the precipitation of arsenic sulphide in acidic conditions. The main part of the precipitate is composed of amorphous orpiment, however crisrtallised phases could be detected. The new method developed here to analyse of thioarsenite species in solution will facilitate the monitoring of anaerobic bioreactors treating arseniccontaining effluents and will allow the biogeochemical modelling of such systems.

International audience

International audience

While mitochondria are key factors in energy production in cells they are also key factors in their life cycle because under certain circumstances they can provoke cellular apoptosis. Some 45 per cent of myocardial volume is taken up by mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondria are key to many aspects of neuronal activity and can trigger neurodegenerative processes. Lipid oxidation is responsible for the production of much ATP resynthesis in the heart but this process is less oxygen efficient than glucose oxidation. During ischaemia, lipid oxidation is suddenly blocked, but markedly increased during reperfusion, causing accumulation of potentially toxic metabolites (acylcarnitines, acyl-CoA, lysophospholipids). These metabolites can change calcium handling, inducing arrhythmias. Trimetazidine, and another product in development, ranolazine, by inhibiting lipid oxidation favours glucose oxidation and inhibits the production of deleterious lipid metabolites. Thus this class of drugs can have beneficial effects on myocardial metabolism without direct haemodynamic effects.

Atresia coli is a congenital abnormality in cattle that is lethal without surgical correction. Although the condition has been reported predominantly in the Holstein-Friesian breed, the inheritance of atresia coli remains controversial and not completely understood. A systematic review of published cases and hospital-based case-control study were undertaken to evaluate breed as a risk factor for atresia coli in cattle, and to determine the best method for surgical management. Systematic review of 37 published studies indicated that atresia coli has been diagnosed in 10 cattle breeds and 12 countries, with the marked preponderance of cases occurring in Holstein-Friesian calves. Epidemiologic analysis indicated that Holstein-Friesian cattle were at significantly greater risk for the condition than all other dairy cattle breeds (P < 0.0001) and all other cattle breeds (P < 0.0001). Atresia coli probably occurs secondary to vascular insufficiency of the developing colon in calves. Holstein-Friesian cattle are predisposed to atresia coli, probably because their developing colon grows at a faster rate and/or to a greater extent than that in other cattle breeds. Early or vigorous palpation per rectum of the amniotic vesicle appears to increase the risk of atresia coli in a predisposed fetus, probably through palpation-induced damage to the rapidly developing colonic vasculature. Surgical correction of atresia coli had a poor overall success rate (short term survival rate was, The Bovine Practitioner, Vol. 33, No. 1 (1999 January)

In congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the renal collecting ducts are resistant to the antidiuretic action of arginine vasopressin or to its antidiuretic analog 1-deamino[8-D-arginine] vasopressin (dDAVP). This is a rare, but now well described entity secondary to either mutations in the AVPR2 gene that codes for the vasopressin antidiuretic (V2) receptor or to mutations in the AQP2 gene that codes for the vasopressin-dependent water channel. A majority (90%) of congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus patients have AVPR2 mutations: Of 115 families with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, 105 families had AVPR2 mutations, and 10 had AQP2 mutations. When studied in vitro, most AVPR2 mutations lead to receptors that are trapped intracellularly and are unable to reach the plasma membrane. A minority of the mutant receptors reach the cell surface but are unable to bind vasopressin or to trigger an intracellular adenosine 3:5-cyclic phosphate signal properly. Most of the reported mutations are secondary to a complete loss of function of the receptor, and only a few mutations have been associated with a mild phenotype. These advances provide diagnostic tools for physicians caring for these patients because, when the disease causing mutation has been identified, carrier and perinatal testing could be done by mutation analysis.

Fifteen healthy, colostrum-fed, male dairy calves, aged 2 to 7 d were used in a study to develop a diarrhea protocol for neonatal calves that is reliable, practical, and economical. After instrumentation and recording baseline data, diarrhea and dehydration were induced by administering milk replacer [16.5 mL/kg of body weight (BW), PO], sucrose (2 g/kg in a 20% aqueous solution, p.o.), spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (1 mg/kg, PO) every 8 h, and furosemide (2 mg/kg, i.m., q6h). Calves were administered sucrose and diuretic agents for 48 h to induce diarrhea and severe dehydration. Clinical changes after 48 h were severe watery diarrhea, severe depression, and marked dehydration (mean, 14% BW loss). Cardiac output, stroke volume, mean central venous pressure, plasma volume, thiocyanate space, blood pH and bicarbonate concentration, base excess, serum chloride concentration, and fetlock temperature were decreased. Plasma lactate concentration, hematocrit, and serum potassium, creatinine, phosphorus, total protein and albumin concentrations were increased. This non-infectious calf diarrhea protocol has a 100% response rate, while providing a consistent and predictable hypovolemic state with diarrhea that reflects most of the clinicopathologic changes observed in osmotic/maldigestive diarrhea caused by infection with rotavirus, coronavirus or cryptosporidia. Limitations of the protocol, when compared to infectious diarrhea models, include failure to induce a severe metabolic acidosis, absence of hyponatremia, renal instead of enteric loss of chloride, renal as well as enteric loss of free water, absence of profound clinical depression and suspected differences in the morphologic and functional effect on intestinal epithelium. Despite these differences, the sucrose/diuretic protocol should be useful in the initial screening of new treatment modalities for calf diarrhea. To confirm their efficacy, the most effective treatment methods should then be examined in calves with naturally-acquired diarrhea.