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The purpose of the present paper is to examine the relationship between the ethical attitudes of university students and their Dark Triad personality traits. Research has suggested that the juvenile attitudes of people predict their later behaviour. Therefore, it is worth exploring this area for future aspects. Both topics are at the center of research, both individually and in terms of the correlations between them. In the present paper, we examined the relationship between ethical attitudes and the Dark Triad personality traits through questionnaires used in international research with background variables. We found that the most unethical behaviour is 'Divulging confidential information,' 'Passing blame for your errors to an innocent co-worker,' and 'Claiming credit for someone else's work.' The least unethical behaviour is 'Eating snacks while at your workstation'. Factor analysis and linear regression analysis were used. Despite our expectations, the revealed relationships between ethical attitudes and Dark Triad personality traits were not clearly positive. According to the regression model, the dark triad personality score is lower if the respondent is female, studies at the commerce-marketing major, and has higher values at the following factors: 'physiological unethicalness', 'overcharge', and 'other ethical attitudes' factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The great chemist Robert Boyle was also a serious student of the Bible and Christian theology, both of which profoundly influenced his natural philosophy. Christian beliefs and moral attitudes motivated him to extend human dominion over the creation by advancing scientific knowledge and giving medicines from his laboratory to the poor. His outspoken advocacy of empiricism, over and against those who believed that unaided reason was sufficient to probe the depths of nature, was rooted in the conviction that the free, wise, and powerful Creator knows the creation far better than we creatures ever will. He vigorously promoted what he called "the mechanical philosophy", partly because he found it far more theologically attractive than the pagan Greek conception taught in the universities, which conceived of "Nature" as a semi-divine being with a mind and powers of its own. It also underscored the great complexity of the world machine, requiring an intelligent Creator to have assembled it—thereby (he hoped) moving people not only to acknowledge God but to live piously and humbly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coates's contention that internalized prohibitions against thoughts do not significantly compromise our mental freedom will apply equally to all such prohibitions if it applies to any. However, even if some such argument is forthcoming, there will remain a question about Coates's more important claim that internalized prohibitions against thoughts are no more threatening to mental freedom than mere reasons not to think them. By contrast, Swenson's challenge to my claim that prohibitions against thoughts can never be justified is restricted to the version of that claim that concerns harmful thoughts. In his response to my book, Philip Swenson presents some compelling consequentialist counterexamples to the first claim, while Justin Coates mounts a more ecumenical but no less formidable challenge to the second. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The lack of familiarity with netiquette or social etiquette in virtual space overshadows teaching and learning processes. Learning netiquette (virtual ethics) is one of the ways to deal with the negative effects of education in the virtual space in universities to improve the effectiveness of education. The purpose of this research was to familiarize with Netiquette and examine its necessity in the virtual education of medical students. Method: Articles using Persian keywords and their Latin equivalents, which include "virtual education" "Netiquette" "virtual space" and "electronic learning" separately and combined in internal and external sites: Scopus, Magiran, Irandoc, SID, Noormags, PubMed as well as Google Scholar search engine were searched regardless of the time limit. Results: Commitments in cyberspace are in the form of virtual commitments that are often anonymous and unrealistic, they weaken the context of moral and educational commitments in users and make the requirements of adhering to these commitments lighter. Conclusion: The lack of familiarity with netiquette and virtual professionalism causes defects in the two critical elements of the educational system (teacher and student) the emergence of misunderstandings and sometimes behaviors far from the dignity of each of them, as one of the critical issues in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perspective taking can have positive effects in a range of intergroup contexts. In two experiments, we tested whether these effects generalize to two yet-to-be-studied nonhuman groups: animals and intelligent artificial entities. We found no overall effects of either taking the perspective of a farmed pig or an artificial entity on moral attitudes, compared to instructions to stay objective and a neutral condition. However, in both studies, mediation analysis indicated that perspective taking positively affected moral attitudes via empathic concern and self-other overlap, supporting two mechanisms well-established in the literature. The lack of overall effects may be partly explained by positive effects of staying objective on moral attitudes that offset the positive effects of perspective taking via empathic concern and self-other overlap. These findings suggest that perspective taking functions differently in the context of nonhuman groups relative to typical intergroup contexts. We consider this an important area for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy is the property of Beytulhikme: An International Journal of Philosophy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Elementary Education / Revija za Elementarno Izobraževanje is the property of University of Maribor, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Laura and Abby also suggested the more overt conversation that appears below and developed prompts, in consultation with the other authors, for this dialogue. Laura and Abby transcribed and edited the conversation for this collection, and Tatiana, Sienna, and Casey contributed further clarifications throughout the process. Since then, Laura and Abby have organized an ongoing collaborative project in which we have each read and commented on one another's pieces, such that the individual essays that follow grew out of this collective co-thinking and co-laboring together. This collection contemplates that which resides at the limits of the anthropology of health and medicine. [Extracted from the article]

When and why are illicit markets regarded as morally legitimate? We address this question in the context of Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, where the moral legitimacy of commerce has waned since the collapse of the Soviet Union. We do so by analyzing the continued resiliency and robustness of illicit markets and their moral perception in Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, where de facto private property rights have remained insecure in spite of de jure political and economic reform. Given the continuity of illicit markets across both periods, we argue twofold. First, what has remained constant in the moral nature of illicit markets across both periods has been the entrepreneurial drive to realize gains from trade by circumventing and evading a predatory state. Secondly, given this constancy in the form of illicit market exchange, we contend that changing moral attitudes toward commerce have resulted from the changing manifestation of illicit market exchange, in response to the predatory nature of the state. In both the Soviet and post-Soviet period, the state has remained a means to create monopoly privileges. However, whereas in the Soviet period, illicit markets served as a means to "grease the wheels" of commerce, economic transition in post-Soviet Russia corrupted the moral legitimacy of a market economy by transforming illicit markets into a means to "grease the palms" of government officials in the name of "privatization." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths worldwide, the rapid development and distribution of novel vaccines reduced the scale of severe illness and death. Even so, many people remain unvaccinated. Objective: We investigate the extent to which various moral intuitions are associated with COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods: We use data from a 2021 national YouGov sample of U.S. adults and logistic regression to examine the association between moral intuitions, net of other factors, and getting vaccinated for COVID‐19. Results: Individualizing moral intuitions, which emphasize care and fairness, are positively associated with the likelihood of getting vaccinated. We also find that binding moral intuitions—which emphasize loyalty, respect for authority, and sanctity of the human body—are negatively associated with getting vaccinated and that this association is driven largely by sanctity. Finally, those whose moral intuitions emphasize liberty are significantly less likely to get vaccinated. Conclusion: Moral intuitions are strongly associated with vaccine hesitancy, suggesting that the success of public health measures during a global health crisis depends on addressing the variety of underlying moral concerns that influence people's attitudes and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the best method for undertaking critical social theory, and what are its ontological and normative commitments? Andreas Reckwitz has developed compelling answers to these questions drawing on practice theory. As a practice theorist myself, I am very sympathetic to his approach. This paper sketches a social theory that extends the reach of practice theory to include non-human animals and allows us to discriminate between importantly different kinds of social formations. In doing so, I argue that a strongly normative basis for differentiating social phenomena is compatible with the methods of social theory and critical social theorists need not shy away from first-order moral commitments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nisar: Journal of Religious Studies / Dini Tetkikler Dergisi is the property of NISAR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Implicit morality theories refer to people's beliefs about whether individuals' moral character is fixed or malleable. Drawing on the social cognitive theory of morality, we examine the relationship between employees' implicit morality theories and their organizational citizenship behaviors toward coworkers (OCBC) and coworker-directed deviance (CDD) through a moral self-regulatory mechanism. A laboratory experiment (Study 1), an online experiment (Study 2), and a multi-wave, multi-source field survey (Study 3) found that the more employees held a fixed belief about morality, the lower their sense of moral control, especially when their moral identity was lower. This perceived lack of moral control, in turn, predicted decreased OCBC, particularly when the workgroup ethical climate was weak. However, this relationship did not hold for CDD. Overall, our research highlights implicit morality theories as a novel antecedent of employees' workplace behaviors, and identifies the underlying moral self-regulatory process, along with individual and situational boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation has the objective of analyzing the challenges of democracy and the pedagogical opportunities in the post-pandemic. It is a bibliographical study of a diachronic nature, from the deductive rationalist approach. Consider the sociocultural and pedagogical contexts before, during and after the health pandemic caused by COVID-19; attending to the social restrictions that accompany the health emergency. It is about taking advantage of opportunities to guarantee useful instruction, to the extent that it guarantees decent and equitable human conditions. Thus, it underlines the ethical co-responsibility as a strength of the instruction plans, since it legitimizes the actions in the recognition of the dignified condition. Limitations become advantages when coexistence is based on equitable relationships; always aimed at evidencing democratic, plural, fair coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the activism of a range of youth activist groups that seek to uphold the 'moral order' in contemporary Russian society. They promote strict adherence to a healthy lifestyle including avoidance of alcohol, drugs and sexual promiscuity and oppose those whose choices and behaviour do not conform to their own values and moral attitudes. Such 'pro-moral order' activism is associated with traditionalist, conservative, right-wing nationalist movements fighting for the morality of the 'ethnic Russian' population but also attracts young people engaged in movements formerly sponsored by the Russian state. The article traces the composition of this complex activist terrain, examines the motives of participants in a range of movements, identifies the ideas and principles underpinning participants' social mission and reveals intra-movement conflicts. The article explores the fine line activists tread between conflict and cooperation with the state and its law enforcement agencies and considers how some activist groups become stigmatised in public discourse. Drawing on a relational approach to morality, it demonstrates the importance of interaction – including conflictual interaction – to shaping what is considered permissible and valued and how the struggle for 'moral order' is a site of both community and conflict for young people in contemporary Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the author braids storytelling with oral life history interviews, Chicana Feminisms, and portraiture. The piece centers the portrait of Ms. Sotomayor, a veteran elementary teacher, who through her stories shares with us pedagogies of pain, trust, autonomy, and empowerment. These glimpses of her life journey as a Nepantlera offer readers opportunities to see her stories as fuel for her spiritual activism, evident in her teaching. The portrait highlighted in this article comes from a larger study that centers the life stories of Chicana K–12 teachers from Southern California who view their teaching as a political, spiritual, and/or moral commitment. Using oral life history interviews and classroom observations to invite Chicana teachers to tell their stories, I document how this group of teachers explain connections between their lived experiences and their literacy pedagogies and practices in the classroom. Through Muxerista Portraiture and a borderlands analysis, I testify the power of stories from women who struggle for a better tomorrow. Implications include the possibilities of Nepantla as a pedagogical framework in teacher education praxis with homegrown, Teachers of Color. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Descriptively, Dahl's definition encompasses the typical focus amongst developmental psychologists studying morality, who have largely relied on similar definitions for the past half-century. Research articles in moral psychology seldom offer a definition of the scope of the word "moral" - that is, a rationale for claiming that the phenomenon under consideration falls into the moral domain. Greater clarity in the definition of individual moral phenomena should not necessarily lead to a single definition of morality across phenomena. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Human cerebral organoids (HCOs) offer unprecedented opportunities to study the human brain in vitro, but they also raise important ethical concerns. Here we report the first systematic analysis of scientists' stance within the ethical debate. Method: Twenty-one in-depth semi-structured interviews were analyzed through a constant comparative method to highlight how the ethical concerns filter in the laboratory. Results: The results suggest that the potential emergence of consciousness is not yet seen with concern. However, there are some features of HCO research that need to be better accounted for. Communication to the public, the use of terms such as "mini-brains", and informed consent appear to be the most pressing concerns of the scientific community. Nonetheless, respondents generally showed a positive attitude toward the ethical discussion, recognizing its value and the necessity of constant ethical scrutiny over scientific advancements. Conclusions: This research paves the way for a better-informed dialogue between scientists and ethicists, highlighting the issues to be addressed whenever scholars of different backgrounds and interests meet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current research explored the link between beliefs about the mind, the soul, and the moral status (MS) of humanoid robot (HR). Determining the conditions for the assignment of MS to artificially intelligent agents is important from the point of view of their inclusion in the moral community. The indication of the role of beliefs about the mind and the soul is consistent with the tendency to distinguish these two incorporeal entities observed in folk psychology. In an online study, participants (N = 223), who believed in the existence of the mind and the soul, assessed the MS of the HR Sophia and assigned attributes to it; based on this, two dimensions of the mind perception (MP) were distinguished: Experience and Agency. As expected, we found that the participants attributed the mind more than the soul to the robot, and these projections significantly affected the MS of the robot. Path analysis revealed that the dimensions of MP acted as a mediator in the mind-MS relationship, while the soul-MS relationship was direct. The analysis of the obtained results leads to a more general conclusion that the soul attribution is a diverse and parallel condition to the mind attribution in individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Academic Inquiries / Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi is the property of Akademik Incelemeler Dergisi (Journal of Academic Inquiries) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Population (00324663) is the property of Institut National d'Etudes Demographiques and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on whether the law can establish genuine rights. It discusses Margaret Gilbert's book which argues that true rights known as demand-rights go beyond being the beneficiaries of others' obligations and involve a unique authority and standing to claim certain actions. The article examines Gilbert's theory of joint commitment as a potential foundation for legal demand-rights and raises doubts about whether the commitment to uphold the law in itself can generate such rights.

The article focuses on the engagement and responses received from distinguished philosophers regarding the book "Rights and Demands" written by Margaret Gilbert. Topics include the capacity for demand-rights, different normative sources such as morality and the will, and the presuppositions of joint commitment formation.

The article focuses on Margaret Gilbert's views on demand rights and joint commitment. Topics include the concept of demand rights arising from joint commitment, skepticism towards the existence of a moral basis for demand rights, and the binding nature of commitments even if they involve immoral actions.

An emerging consensus holds that nonviolent resistance campaigns are more successful than violent campaigns, partly because they attract more participants. Yet, we lack an understanding of whether and why nonviolent tactics attracts support. We propose two motivational logics that can explain support for nonviolence: An instrumentalist logic, whereby nonviolent resistance is preferred based on cost-benefit considerations, and an intrinsic logic where nonviolent resistance is preferred because of perceived inherent moral worth. To investigate the motivational pull of these two logics, we conduct a pre-registered survey experiment among more than 5000 respondents across 33 countries in fall 2019. We find that nonviolent tactics strongly increase movement support relative to violent tactics, and that the preference for nonviolence is primarily driven by intrinsic commitments to the moral worth of nonviolent resistance, rather than instrumental considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent data breaches underscore the importance of organizational cybersecurity. However, the high costs of such security can force chief financial officers (CFOs) to make difficult financial and ethical trade-offs that have both business and societal implications. We employ a 2 × 2 randomized experiment that varies both an observed scenario CFO's investment decision (invest/not invest in security) and organizational outcomes (positive/negative) to investigate these trade-offs. Participant managers assess the observed CFO's investment behavior and indicate their own intentions to invest. Results indicate that when the observed scenario CFO invests in security, managers primarily follow their peers when making investment decisions. However, when the observed CFO does not invest in security, managers make their own decisions by engaging in more in-depth reasoning that includes assessment of the seriousness of consequences, as well as the ethical and societal considerations. Moderated mediation findings further deconstruct and corroborate these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

11 Tadros, I The Ends of Harm i , 38. 12 Ibid., 93. 13 Duff, 81. 14 Tadros, I The Ends of i Harm, 103. In section 2 I survey some of the recent literature on punishment, in particular R.A. Duff's communication-based theory of punishment and objections to that theory raised by Victor Tadros. An instrumentalist-friendly answer might go like this: "When instrumentalists like Pereboom say that the point of harm is to motivate the wrongdoer to live up to morality's counsel, the instrumentalist is not talking about the kind of commitment to a moral community that McKenna thinks harming presupposes. If I am the offended party and am considering whether to forgive the offender, I want to know whether the offender will I exercise i her power to meet the demand. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hypothetical thought experiments allow researchers to gain insights into widespread moral intuitions and provide opportunities for individuals to explore their moral commitments. Previous thought experiment studies in virtual reality (VR) required participants to come to an on-site laboratory, which possibly restricted the study population, introduced an observer effect, and made internal reflection on the participants' part more difficult. These shortcomings are particularly crucial today, as results from such studies are increasingly impacting the development of artificial intelligence systems, self-driving cars, and other technologies. This paper explores the viability of deploying thought experiments in commercially available in-home VR headsets. We conducted a study that presented the trolley problem, a life-and-death moral dilemma, through SideQuestVR, a third-party website and community that facilitates loading applications onto Oculus headsets. Thirty-three individuals were presented with one of two dilemmas: (1) a decision to save five lives at the cost of one life by pulling a switch and (2) a decision to save five lives at the cost of one life by pushing a person onto train tracks. The results were consistent with those of previous VR studies, suggesting that a "VR-at-a-distance" approach to thought experiments has a promising future while indicating lessons for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurse educators in Papua New Guinea (PNG) must prepare students for often demoralizing working conditions. This article analyzes classroom and practical lessons in a PNG Highlands nursing college. A variety of pedagogical practices, including role plays and other simulation technologies, were used to socialize students to imagine patients' relatives while making clinical decisions, and to contemplate their own relatives and ancestors in reflecting on their moral commitments to health care. Such practices generate a mode of medical citizenship shaped by a regime of biocommunicability in which Christianity and education are thought to transform one's capacity to detach from the emotional appeals of kin. These pedagogies link the individual subjectivities of health workers to a persistent, though fragile, vision of the nation in which transgenerational, urban–rural kinship is a synecdoche for nationhood (and its deferral), despite professional counternarratives that cast these kinship ties as a slippery slope toward "corruption." [medical citizenship, temporalities of care, nursing simulation, nationhood, Papua New Guinea] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of a randomized control trial on the effect of the introduction of formalized property rights on individuals' moral judgments and, in particular, on utilitarian morality. We show that institutions shape morality: being exposed to private property institutions makes individuals more utilitarian when confronted with moral dilemmas. Our results shed light on a possible institutional determinant of the variation of moral judgments across the globe and its geographical patterns, and have implications for the consequences of major institutional reforms—both intended, such as land-titling programs, and unintended, such as those following from recent historical events—on moral attitudes. We discuss two possible channels stemming from the inherent features of property rights: the loosening of social ties and the commodification of rights (JEL codes: K11; O13; Z10; Z13). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a multifaceted concept, teacher professionalism lays particular emphasis on strong moral purposes and commitment to the teaching profession in the Chinese cultural context, compared with teacher agency, but it is not yet known whether it can be enhanced by high-involvement management in Chinese schools. By conducting a questionnaire survey of primary and secondary school teachers, this study used structural equation modeling to unpack the relationship between high-involvement management and teacher professionalism. The results showed that high-involvement management had a significant positive effect on career commitment and positive emotions of teachers, which both exerted the positive effects on professionalism. Career commitment and positive emotions play the single mediation and sequential mediation between high-involvement management and teacher professionalism. The high-involvement management model cannot directly facilitate professionalism, but only have an indirect positive impact through the full mediation of career commitment and positive emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction The goal of the study was to analyse the attitudes towards moral values adopted by Polish physiotherapists. Eight basic moral values were enumerated, namely: professionalism, care, fairness, dignity, autonomy, responsibility, trust, and profes�sional integrity. The chosen values were analysed taking into account the sex, age, education, work experience, workplace and the knowledge of moral rules included in the Code of Professional Ethics of the Physiotherapist of the Republic of Poland and/or in the Rules of Professional Ethics of Physiotherapists (the Polish Chamber of Physiotherapists). Methods The study embraced 199 professionally active physiotherapists, with 5 surveys not filled in correctly, which left 194. Results Variables such as sex ( p < 0.001) and workplace ( p < 0.016) differentiate the respondents significantly in the context of the studied values. Physiotherapists with longer working experience also declare attitudes more closely based on moral values than physiotherapists with shorter working experience ( p = 0.021). With regard to the adopted attitudes towards values, vital differences between men and women can be observed. Women choose fairness ( p < 0.001) whereas men choose the ethics of care ( p = 0.619). Physiotherapists employed by non-public centres are more oriented towards autonomous decisions than physiotherapists employed by publicly financed centres ( p = 0.048). Conclusions Numerous factors have been observed differentiating the attitudes of the respondents towards moral values. The differences may evidence a lack of uniform professional culture which might in turn translate into limited respect on the part of society. The variables differentiating the group are modal, thanks to which a change in the moral attitudes of Polish physiothera�pists is possible.

Purpose: This article is aimed at analyzing the importance of investments relating to environmental protection and sustainable development promotion considering the individual investors’ perspective. Design/methodology/approach: This article attempts at answering the question of which investments should be considered “green”, what their importance is and what the benefits of investing in environmental protection and sustainable development are, and also what activities can be initiated by individual investors to support eco-friendly and pro-community investments. The following research methods were used: reference work review, secondary source analysis (data concerning the following indexes: iShares Dow Jones Global Sustainability, iShares STOXX Europe 600 Oil & Gas and iShares STOXX Europe 600) and deductive reasoning. Findings: Achievement of EU objectives relating to reaching climate neutrality by 2050 is connected with the need to mobilize capital which will be targeted at investments relating to climate protection and sustainable development. At the same time, green investments bring about specific benefits for the issuers and investors. To support eco-friendly and procommunity activities, individual investors may initiate specific activities concerning financial and in-kind investments. Social implications: This article presents forms of supporting green investments by individual investors and households. Increased social awareness results in a question of how to invest one’s funds to ensure it is in harmony with eco-friendly, pro-community, and ethical attitudes and values. Originality/value: The article offers cognitive value as it contributes to the body of knowledge regarding the relevance of green investments in addressing climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the role of disgust in moral judgements? Previous research found that disgust increases the severity of judgments; but other more recent work has cast doubt on these findings. Here we investigate roles of induced and trait disgust on moral judgments of controversial biological and medical technologies – bioethics – an area rife with proto-typical disgust cues. Participants (N = 600) viewed disgusting, frightening, or neutral pictures, rated the moral acceptability of biotechnologies, and completed questionnaire measures of trait disgust. We found a small negative effect of induced disgust (but not fear) on the acceptability of 'existing' biotechnology, but not 'future', 'agricultural', or 'termination' biotechnologies. But this effect was too small to change pre-existing opinions and would not have survived a correction for multiple tests. Although trait disgust had mostly negative relationships with the moral acceptability of biotechnologies, it did not moderate the effect of observing disgusting photos on biotechnology judgments. The larger, more consistent effects for trait disgust suggest that either (a) measures of trait disgust and moral attitudes share a source of method variance or (b) incidental, visual manipulations are too weak to capture the true effect of disgust on moral judgments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused enormous societal upheaval globally. In the US, beyond the devastating toll on life and health, it triggered an economic shock unseen since the great depression and laid bare preexisting societal inequities. The full impacts of these personal, social, economic, and public-health challenges will not be known for years. To minimize societal costs and ensure future preparedness, it is critical to record the psychological and social experiences of individuals during such periods of high societal volatility. Here, we introduce, describe, and assess the COVID-Dynamic dataset, a within-participant longitudinal study conducted from April 2020 through January 2021, that captures the COVID-19 pandemic experiences of >1000 US residents. Each of 16 timepoints combines standard psychological assessments with novel surveys of emotion, social/political/moral attitudes, COVID-19-related behaviors, tasks assessing implicit attitudes and social decision-making, and external data to contextualize participants' responses. This dataset is a resource for researchers interested in COVID-19-specific questions and basic psychological phenomena, as well as clinicians and policy-makers looking to mitigate the effects of future calamities. Measurement(s) Mental and Physical Health, Behavior, Personality, Emotion, Racial and Political Attitudes (Implicit and Explicit), Social and Moral Decision-Making, Demographics Technology Type(s) Questionnaires and Choice Tasks Factor Type(s) none Sample Characteristic - Organism Adult Humans Sample Characteristic - Environment Online Survey Sample Characteristic - Location United States of America [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral behavior is more prevalent when individuals cannot easily distort their beliefs self-servingly. Do individuals seek to limit or enable their ability to distort beliefs? How do these choices affect behavior? Experiments with over 9,000 participants show preferences are heterogeneous--30 percent of participants prefer to limit belief distortion, while over 40 percent prefer to enable it, even if costly. A random assignment mechanism reveals that being assigned to the preferred environment is necessary for curbing or enabling self-serving behavior. Third parties can anticipate these effects, suggesting some sophistication about the cognitive constraints to belief distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, we aim at framing the 'negative emotion' of indifference, starting from its diachronic declination, which seems to beneficiate from a form of justification from the moral point of view (§1). In order to prevent indifference as an outcome – together with its intrinsic motivational strength –, we introduce a methodological account to frame the struggle of motivation internal to the single agent, by classifying different forms of 'reasons to act' (§2). We will develop a two-move strategy. Firstly, we deploy what we could call a positive emotion – the sense of solidarity diachronically understood – against that negative one, in order to show that indifference is not the sole possible destination for the humankind (§3). Secondly, to integrate and strengthen the motivational role of that positive emotion, we will rehabilitate a moral approach aimed at setting up a unique normative linkage among generations, by reshaping the interplay between 'wide' and 'narrow obligations' presented by Kant (§4). The ultimate goal is to contrast the moral strength which is offered by indifference as negative emotion by articulating a motivational path devoted at legitimizing the diachronic moral commitment and duties of justice among generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the impact of governance on moral behavior in small enterprises. The problem of the study was represented in that the principles of corporate governance are not applied in the small enterprises what leads to cause high risk to both those small enterprises and financial reporting users as well. The significance of the study is represented in that applying the principles of governance is of great importance for evaluating the current and the sustainable performance and for reducing the performance risk related to error, violation, and corruption and for dealing with unexpected crises. The study aimed to identify the impact of applying governance on work environment in the small enterprises and to enhance moral behavior in the small enterprises. The researcher adopted the descriptive analytical approach to verify the hypothesis: There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of corporate governance and enhancing ethical behavior. The researchers concluded the following findings: There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and enhancing moral behavior. There is a statistically significant relationship between applying the principles of governance and performance risk related to error, violation and corruption and for dealing with unexpected crises in the small enterprises. The commitment to the principles of governance leads to the commitment to the moral behavior and to reaching innovative solutions. The researchers recommended the following: Principles of governance should be applied because they enhance moral behavior. Principles of governance should be applied in order to overcome performance risk related to error, violation and corruption and for dealing with unexpected crises in the small enterprises [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The caring behavior of nurses affects their working performance and the health care quality received by patients. The adherence to ethical principles by nurses is also known to increase this factor. However, no previous studies have been conducted on how ethical principles affect the caring behaviors of nurses. Hence, this study aims to investigate the association between nursing ethics and other demographic characteristics and their caring behavior in Indonesian hospitals. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted with 389 nurses working in Indonesian hospitals. Furthermore, data were collected using questionnaires, which included demographic characteristics, ethical principlesbased attitudes, and caring behavior. The analysis of the data was performed using descriptive (M, SD) and inferential statistics (Chi-square, Spearman’s rank correlation, Fisher’s exact test, and multiple logistic regression) with α= 0.05. Results: According to this study, the caring behavior of nurses was associated with gender (p=0.030) and nursing ethical principles, such as veracity (p=0.025), non-maleficence (p=0.007), beneficence (p<0.000), and fidelity (p<0.000). Fidelity was also revealed as the most influential ethical principle on nurses’ caring behavior, with a value of Exp(B)= 3.446. This indicates that nurses, who had demonstrated good fidelity, cared three times more than those who lacked this quality. Conclusions: Nurses with good ethical principles deliver suitable caring behavior. Hence, applying the right ethics to a patient would result in a great caring attitude, as the principle of ethical behavior is compassion and respectful conduct towards patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we are morally responsible for things of various kinds, what we bear direct responsibility for are certain exercises of our agency (and perhaps some omissions of these). Theorists disagree about what kind of agency is in this respect the source of our responsibility. Some hold that it is agency the exercises of which are actions. Others say that it is agency exercised in forming reasons-responsive attitudes on the basis of our take on reasons (or value). With attention to the relation of moral responsibility to moral obligation, I argue for the first of these views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to some, when you do the right thing, your moral beliefs make no difference to your act's moral worth. Huckleberry Finn believes he is doing something wrong in helping Jim escape slavery. Yet his act reflects well on him. Some conclude that acting rightly reflects just as well on you whether you believe you are doing something right, wrong, supererogatory, or neutral. I argue against this. Doing the right thing with certain moral beliefs can diminish the moral worth of doing it. In such cases, you do the right thing in the wrong spirit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on moral disengagement associated with adult criminal profiles is recent a recent issue and, therefore, has been less evaluated. This meta-analytic study aims to determine the strength of the relationship between moral disengagement and crime in the adult prison population. The results showed a moderate relationship between moral disengagement and crime, with an effect size of r =.26 (p <.001). The analysis of moderating variables (i.e., type of offence, gender, age, and instrument measuring moral disengagement) do not show statistically significant results in this association. Finally, it is concluded that moral disengagement is a risk factor for criminal behaviour commission, and future lines of research are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]