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A new genus of the family Brachypsectridae with two new species, Asiopsectra luculenta gen. et sp. n. (type species) from the Middle East (Iran) and A. mirifica sp. n. from Middle Asia (Tajikistan) are described. The genus Asiopsectra gen. n., in contrast to the genus Brachypsectra, is characterized by the 12-segmented bilamellate antennae, the very large and subcontiguous antennal fossae, the strongly raised supra-antennal keels, the very narrow mandibles, the presence of small “window” punctures on the elytra, the lack of keels along the posterior pronotal angles, and only a small patch of excretory hairs at the posterior edge of abdominal ventrite 5. A revised diagnosis for the family Brachypsectridae is given.

Six variants of beef, mutton and goat sucuk without (B, M, G) and with (Bs, Ms, Gs) starter cultures were examined. Chemical composition, proteolytic changes, color and sensory quality were observed. Starter variants had greater (P

Macropsidius bajanagti Dlabola, 1967 from Mongolia is downgraded to a subspecies of Macropsidius niger Matsumura, 1915; thus, its name is Macropsidius niger bajanagti Dlabola, 1967, stat. n. [erroneously given as a new synonym of M. niger in the original Russian text.—Author]. M. araxes Dlab., 1961 and M. valiturus Dlab., 1963 from the Transcaucasia are redescribed based on re-examination of the type material. The synonymy of M. demavendinus Dlab., 1974, syn. n. and M. tricostatus Logv., 1981, syn. n. under M. valiturus is established. Illustrated descriptions are given for all the species listed above. Macropsidius mitjaevi Tishetshkin, sp. n. from Middle Asia is described.

Descriptions of four new species of the genus Dudanus Dlabola, 1956, D. aristus sp. n. (Armenia), D. epiphanes sp. n. (Georgia), D. anepsius sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan) and D. tritadelphus sp. n. (Kyrgyzstan, Tadzhikistan), a кey to all 7 species of the genus and pictures of their genitalia are given.

This paper presents cultural dynamics of southern Middle-Asia during the fifth and early fourth millennia BC on the basis of the ceramic traditions identified in this area at this time. It is an attempt to reconstruct and connect the situations observed from the Southeastern Iranian Plateau and in the Indo-Iranian Borderlands to the development of the Ubaid and “ black-on-buff” ceramic cultures in Mesopotamia, southwestern Iran, and the Persian Gulf. Three main conclusions result from this synthesis. First, the picture of southern Middle-Asia during the fifth and early fourth millennia BC was varied in terms of production and use of ceramics. Secondly, the inception of pottery in this area was a gradual and diverse process that took place both in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. Finally, some patterns that emerged at this time appear to be relevant for an understanding of the later developments in the late fourth and third millennia BC., Cet article est un essai de synthèse portant sur les principales traditions céramiques du Sud de l’Asie moyenne lors du cinquième millénaire et au début du quatrième millénaire av. J.-C. La Mésopotamie, le sud-ouest de l’Iran et le Golfe persique, caractérisés alors par le développement de l’Obeid et de productions céramiques peintes en noir sur pâte claire, sont comparés aux situations observées dans le sud-est du Plateau iranien et au Pakistan. Trois principales conclusions résultent de cette synthèse. Premièrement, l’Asie moyenne méridionale à cette époque intégrait des situations très différentes en termes de production et d’utilisation de vases en céramique. Deuxièmement, la céramique est apparue dans cette région de façon graduelle et selon des processus variés au cours du Néolithique et du Chalcolithique. Enfin, certaines reconstitutions déduites des données du cinquième millénaire et du début du quatrième millénaire av. J.-C. semblent montrer que certains aspects des développements observés par la suite, à partir de la fin du quatrième millénaire, étaient déjà en place au cours des périodes précédentes., Mutin Benjamin. Cultural Dynamics in Southern Middle Asia in the fifth and fourth millennia BC: A reconstruction based on ceramic tradition. In: Paléorient, 2012, vol. 38, n°1-2. pp. 159-184.

Thorictus crinitus sp. n. differs from Th. bifoveolatus Rtt. and Th. medvedevi Zhant. in the shape of the pronotum, the presence of transverse depressions in its basal corners, the presence of prothoracic trichomes, and in the shape of the fused mesothoracic and metathoracic trichomes. Thorictus pamirensis sp. n. differs from Th. medvedevi in the shape of the pronotum and in the presence of transverse depressions in its basal corners. It can be distinguished from Th. crinitus sp. n. by the shape of the pronotum, the absence of prothoracic trichomes, and by the shape of the meso- and metathoracic trichomes. Thorictus bifoveolatus Rtt. differs from Th. pamirensis sp. n. in the shape of the body, pronotum, eyes, and trichomes and in the absence of depressions in the basal corners of the pronotum. Thorictus beali sp. n. differs from Th. koenigi Rtt. and the other related species in the presence of narrow thoracic trichomes bounded posteriorly by cuticular prominences and in the shape of marginal furrow at the base of the pronotum. New synonymies were established: Th. kaznakovi Schmidt, 1904 = Th. hendeli Reitter, 1910, syn. n. and Th. lebedewi Reitter, 1909 = Th. babadjanidis John, 1971, syn. n. Data on the distribution of 15 species and the biology of 10 species occurring in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Volgograd Province, Kazakhstan, and Middle Asia are presented.

Presented are the results of analysis of about 700 samples of excrements of Varanus griseus from various regions of sand deserts of Middle Asia. Described are the hunting methods for various kinds of prey, alterations of composition of diet and hunting behavior of V. griseus in conjunction with environmental conditions. V. griseus prefers to hunt for relatively large prey which are concentrated in certain places with distinct spatial and temporal order. The most important characteristic of prey is not a possibility to easy catch it, but possibility to find it with minimal expense of time and energy, i.e., predictableness of results of searching. The most suitable kind of prey are rodent Rhombomys opimus in sand desert, Vipera lebetina, and nests of some birds in river valleys. Lizards and arthropods are readily eaten, but intensive hunting for them was recorded under only circumstances of low abundance of rodents and/or snakes. A common pattern of hunting is the methodical inspection of places densely populated with potential preys. A strong deterioration of feed conditions leads to increase of mobility of V. griseus, spatial redistribution and, as a probable result, disintegration of socium.

Analysis of specific morphological and biological features of the family Scythrididae has shown that the main evolutionary trend of this family is based on abrupt changes in the structure of the copulatory apparatus. Such changes result from its initial complexity and lead to appearance of numerous monotypic genera. Three new monotypic genera from the Kyzyl-Kum Desert are established, descriptions of their type species are given.

Polarimetric observations of the moon have been carried out at λeff = 0.48 and 0.63 μm using the 50 cm telescope of the Maidanak (Middle Asia) observatory. Imaging has been performed using a Canon-350D camera with a CMOS array and rotating polaroid. The investigation covered the north-western part of the lunar disk comprising the northern part of Ocean Procellarum and obtained the images representing the albedo, polarization degree, color index, and polarimetric color ratio at a phase angle of 96°. It is the first time that the latter parameter has been imaged with a resolution of approximately 1 km. Its pattern has proved to resemble that of the color index, although some important differences can be seen. This shows that spectropolarimetric observations of the moon can give new information on the composition and optical properties of the lunar regolith.

According the experience of gas pipeline project in the Middle-Asia district, the writer analyzes and concludes the design feature for the pipeline route and the process scheme for the gas pipeline project in the Middle-Asia district. For the requirement of code SNIP, ASME and Chinese specification, the writer analyzes the difference and design feature on the design requirement and draws the conclusion. The pipe grade, design parameter, wall thickness selection and the process design for station are detailed described in the article, which can expand the design thought and provide the reference for the similar project.

Thorictus gibbosus sp. n. can be distinguished from T. foveicollis Rtt. by a very strongly convex basal part of the pronotum, the presence of two deep depressions near its basal margin, and in the shape of the humeral prominences and thoracic trichomes. T. medvedevi sp. n. differs from the two above species in the shape of the body, the presence of fine carinae near the pronotal depressions, the shape of the thoracic trichomes. T. medvedevi additionally differs from T. gibbosus in the shape of the humeral prominences and the less strongly convex basal part of the pronotum.

The stonefly fauna of the Systellognatha group of Russia and adjacent countries comprises 120 species belonging to 43 genera of 5 families. According to the geographical distribution, 12 groups of genera and 16 species-groups are distinguished. Most of the genera belong to the Holarctic (5), Nearctic-Eastern Palaearctic (7), Amphipacific (9), and Western Palaearctic (8) groups; among the species, the Eastern Palaearctic (29), Palaearchearctic (25), and Western Palaearctic (19) ones are prevalent. There are endemic species, especially in the Caucasus and Middle Asia.

Collection of apricot gene pool began in the '60s at the Horticultural Faculty and it was initiated by Prof. Vachůn and Prof. Vavra. Twenty years later, the breeding activities started on the base of knowledge of large gene pool collection. Wide collaboration with foreign partners was developed based on plant exchange mainly with Botanical Nikita Garden Yalta, I.N.R.A. Avignon, USA, former Yugoslavia, Italy, China, South Africa, Hungary, etc. From this collaboration and the associated characterization phases, a subset of adapted cultivars has been defined to pursue mainly adaptation objectives: 1) advanced adaptable cultivars: 'Goldrich', 'Tomcot', 'Volsebniy', 'Vynosliviy', 'Leskora', 'Lejuna'; within the European eco-geographical group: 'Rose Early', 'Bohuticka', 'Bergeron', 'Keczkemeter rozsa', 'Domes', 'Leala', 'Markulesti'; 2) late dormancy termination: mainly genotypes from Middle Asia and Chinese eco-geographical groups: 'Zard', 'Oranževokrasniy', 'Narjadniy', 'Vynosliviy' and 'Chuan Zhi Hong'; 3) hardy flower buds: the most hardy are 'Vegama', 'Julskiy', 'Leronda', 'LE-498', 'Lejuna'; 4) hardy juvenile fruits: significantly or highly significant more frost resistant than control cvs. (clones of Hungarian Best) are: 'Leala', 'Lemira', 'Leskora', 'Lejuna', 'Lefrosta', 'Henderson', 'Zard', `Oranževokrasniy', 'Markulesti', 'Re Umberto', 'Marlen' and 'Neptun'. Concurrently, the impact of representative cultivars has been studied according to their combining ability: 'Velkopavlovicka', 'Hatif Colomer', 'VS 9/83', 'Lejuna', 'Vegama', 'SEO', 'Vestar', 'Julskiy' and 'Veharda' for their behaviour in different progenies, or as eco-geographical groups' representative.

In this paper we describe previously unpublished trionychid turtle material, consisting of numerous shell fragments, from two Late Cretaceous (Santonian—early Campanian) localities from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan (Central Asia in the U.S. tradition): Kansai (Tadjikistan) and Shakh-Shakh (Kazakhstan). This material can be attributed to two forms of trionychids present in both localities. One of them is the named species Trionyx riabinini Kuznetsov and Chkhikvadze, 1987, described from Shakh-Shakh. New data on its shell morphology provided by our study allow attribution to the genus Aspideretoides Gardner et al., 1995, known previously only from the Campanian—Maastrichtian of North America. The presence of this taxon in both Middle Asia and North America provides the first clear evidence for the relationship between Cretaceous Asian and North American trionychids. The second form is established as a new species, “Trionyx” kansaiensis, sp. nov., with unclear systematic position within Trionychinae. ...

At least nine bird species were described as new to science on the basis of material collected by Eduard Eversmann and Christian Pander during a Russian embassy headed by Aleksandr Negri to Bukhara in 1820–1821. We identified the type specimens and determined the type localities of these species, which are currently housed in natural history museums of Berlin, Germany, and Moskva, Russia. We suggest that, if only two subspecies of Otus brucei are recognized, the larger northern migratory one should be recognized as O. b. brucei (Hume, 1872), and the smaller southern nonmigratory one as O. b. semenowi (Zarudnyj & Harms, 1902), and we show that the name semenowi has been misapplied to the population from the Tarim Basin. We designate a lectotype for the nominal species Scops obsoleta Cabanis.

This article aims at offering a broad perspective on the evolution and changes of the national Sakha kumys, a beverage made up of raw mare's milk that is quite popular in the Middle Asia area, above all among Turkic-speaking nomadic cattle breeders such as Kazaks, Bashkirs, Tatars, Tuvans, Altaians, and Sakha. I argue that, in spite of its use as an everyday commodity of the Sakha's diet until the beginning of the twentieth century, today it appears to be the marker of the “degree” of cultural authenticity of the Sakha people.

Six species are identified in the Iteaphila setosa group (I. arundela sp. n., I. caucasica sp. n., I. italica Loew, 1873, I. kubaniensis sp. n., I. merzi sp. n., I. setosa (Bezzi, 1924)). This species group is distributed from southern England in the west, through southern Europe and northern Africa, to the Caucasus and Middle Asia (Uzbekistan).

Scopaeus klapperichi sp. n., a new species of the Middle Asian S. obscuripes species group, is described from Afghanistan and compared to the hitherto known representatives of the species group, S. kabakovi Gusarov, S. likovskyi Bohac, and S. obscuripes Cameron. Both the primary and secondary sexual characters of the males of these species are figured, and their distribution is mapped including previously unpublished records of S. kabakovi and S. likovskyi. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Larvae of three species of the weevil genus Ceutorhynchus (C. subtilirostris Schultze., C. viator Faust, and C. setosellus Voss) are described from Middle Asia for the first time. The larvae differ in the shape of frons, structure of the labrum, and chaetotaxy of the epicranium, frons, and lacinia. A key to the species described is given.

Four new species of caddisflies from the Tienshan-Mountains (USSR, Middle Asia) are described and illustrated: Hydropsyche kreuzbergi n. sp. (Hydropsychidae), Apataniana nikolaevi n. sp. (Limnephilidae), Dinarthrum kasachstanicum n. sp. and Dinarthrum nigrescens n. sp. (Lepidostomatidae). Some additional informations on diagnostic characters and near relatives are provided for each species.

The taxonomy and systematics of the genus Apataniana Mosely are reviewed. The genus contains 8 species which are distributed in the eastern Palaerarctic Region. One species occurs in Greece. Illustrations and diagnoses are provided for each species. A. pamirensis n.sp. from Middle Asia is described and figured. Keys to the adults and larvae are included. The larval stages of 4 species are described for the first time. At present only a combination of characters permits the separation of larvae between Apataniana and Apatania. Phylogenetic and biogeographical considerations clearly indicate the existence of 3 different species groups and the siberian origin of the genus. A biogeographical hypothesis is proposed to account for the ways in which the present distribution of species has been developed.

Platystoma suave Loew and P. murinum Hendel are redescribed. The validity of P. murinum Hendel, considered previously as P. suave murinum, is proven. One new species, P. soosi sp. n., is described from Middle Asia.

The genus Stipa comprises approximately 50 taxa in Kazakhstan, of which 18 were described by Yuri A. Kotukhov from eastern Kazakhstan between 1987 and 1998. The majority of the original material of these taxa is preserved in the LE herbarium (Saint-Petersburg, Russia). Some original material of Kotukhov’s species, not mentioned in the protologues, is preserved in the KUZ (Kemerovo, Russia) and KRA (Krakow, Poland) herbaria. The present paper presents a complete list of feather grasses described by Kotukhov from Kazakhstan, with indications of types and the locations where they are preserved, lectotypification of seven names ( S. akseirica , S. argillosa , S. karakabinica , S. kempirica , S. kyzylkiensis , S. azutavica , S. saikanica ), one new combination ( S. orientalis var. azutavica comb. nova), synonymisation of three species ( S. akseirica is a synonym of S. sareptana , S. kyzylkiensis is a synonym of S. sczerbakovii , and S. saikanica is a synonym of S. lessingiana ), an identification key and taxonomic notes regarding the discussed taxa.

RAVENNA, ITALY-- Long dismissed as a backwater, the vast area between Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley is now revealing a tapestry of wealthy urban centers that shaped humanity9s first concerted attempt at city life.

Chrysomalla huberi sp. n. and Ch. rara sp. n. are described from Kazakhstan and Middle Asia. A key to females and males of five species of the genus from the region examined is presented.

WOS: 000247359800008 The funnel-web spider, Agelena gracilens Koch C. L., 1841 is widely distributed throughout Middle Europe, Mediterranean countries, and Middle Asia. The aim of this study is to describe the functional morphology of the venom apparatus in A. gracilens using scanning electron microscopy. The organization of the venom apparatus of A. gracilens follows the general structure of the venom apparatus ofother spiders. The venom apparatus is situated anteriorly in the prosoma and it is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of a Stout basal and a movable apical (fang) segments. The fang rests in a furrow on the basal segment and it narrows apically. There are parallel fine grooves on the surface ofthe fang. To eject the venom, a venom pore is located on the subterminal part of the fang. The venom glands of A. gracilens are of equal size and tubular. Each gland is Surrounded by a bulky muscular layer. Also, neurons innervate the surface of the venom gland by SEM.

Eski Orta – Asya Türk toplumlarında aile kurumuna büyük önem verildiği bilinmektedir. Aile, toplum yaşantısının temelini oluşturmuş ve aileye ilişkin kurallar da örf ve adetler biçiminde ortaya çıkmışlardır. Bazı hususlarda Aile Hukuku'nun Türklerin geleneksel dini Şamanizm'den etkilendiği de görülmektedir. Eski Orta – Asya Türk toplumları arasında Pederi Aile yapısı kabul edilmiş, bu yapı aile içindeki tüm bireyleri özgür ve birbirine eşit kılmıştır. Bu durum, özellikle kadın hakları bakımından önem taşımaktadır. Türklerin kadınlara verdiği değer çağdaşı pek çok ulusta asla görülmeyecek derecede yüksek seviyededir. Eski Türklerde aile yapısının başlangıcında nişanlanma kurumu görülmektedir. Ardından da evlenme ile oluşum tamamlanmaktadır. Evlilik kurumuna Türkler büyük önem vermişler ve evliliği çeşitli şartlara bağlamışlardır. Bunlar; yaş, kan hısımlığı, rıza, sosyal durum eşitliği ve kız tarafına ödenecek bir bedel olan kalın olarak saptanmıştır. Temelde monogamik evliliği kabul eden Türkler, kimi gerekçeler nedeniyle poligüniyi de yaşamlarına sokmuşlardır. Türkler arasında yaygın olarak uygulanan levirat, sororat ile birlikte ölüm nedeniyle evliliğin sona ermesinin doğal bir sonucu sayılmıştır. Ölümün yanı sıra boşanma yoluyla da evliliğin sona ereceği kabul edilmiştir. Türkler, Aile Hukuku kurallarını esas olarak kendi örf ve adetleriyle şekillendirerek o günün koşullarına göre oldukça gelişmiş, hatta bazı yönleriyle bugünkü hukuk sistemlerine yakın bir hukuk düzeni oluşturmuş sayılmaktadırlar. It is very well known that, the institution of 'family' was considered important among the ancient Turkish states in the Middle Asia. 'Family', formed the basis of the social life and the rules in the Family Law appeared as customs and usages. In some subjects, Family Law was affected by Shamanism which was the traditional religion of Turks in the past. In the ancient Middle – Asian Turkish tribes, the fatherly family institution was seen and this structure made all the family members free and equal to each other. It was especially important from the point of view of women rights. In fact, the value to women by Turks was at a quite high degree that couldn't be seen in most of contemporary nations. In the ancient Turks, the institution of engagement was at the basis of the family structure and then marriage came to complete the formation. Marriage was very important among Turks and they determined some provisions about the marriage: There were 'age', 'blood relativeness', 'assent', 'social equality' and 'kalın' which was a value that had to be paid to the bride's family. Turks generally accepted the type of monogamy marriage but some problems made them to practise polygamy in some areas. This word reminds us 'levirat'. Levirat was a common marriage style among Turks and was a natural legal result of ending of marriage because of death. Beside death, another reason for ending of marriage was divorce. Turks generally formed the most part of their 'Family Law' rules by their customs and usages. Thus, a quite modern (according to the provisions of those ages) and even a very similar law system to ours ,which we have today, was constituted.

There was no othority after collapse of Soviet Union and this was caused create non-balanced Caucasia and Middle Asia’s policies. This was important both Turkey and Europe. Turkey’s Caucasia policy, which is depend on west side thinking, was directly refer to center of Moscov. There was a non balance of power after collapse of Soviet Union so there were some actor for getting role and Turkey also has been already there because Turkey’s wanted to got power at internatioal Soviet arena. After all, There was a competion with Iran and Rusia and Turkey. But Turkey was more lucky than others because Europe and USA have supported at all condition. But all developmetn and supporting were not eoungh for getting power at Soviets and after September 11th event, USA had to intervention so this was not good news for Turkey’s Caucasia’s policy because this evolotion’s result shows; loss of power Turkey’s Caucasia policy. At this paper we examine changing Turkey’s Caucasia policy between result of two diffrent issue.

A close evolutionary relationship of physiology and ecology of organisms determines the dynamic dependence of the population physiological status in man on ecological factors. For the explanation of the stability and variability of population physiological status the concept of physiological homeostasis was applied. The investigation of physiological status in several populations of Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, North-East Asia and Khakassia has shown that reversible changes in the environment may temporarily destabilize the equilibrium in the "population-environment" system and prolonged stresses may cause a state of disadaptation. For estimation of population physiological homeostasis dependent on the environment, generalized dispersion, correlation and factor analyses are very informative. They not only mark the violation of population homeostasis, but also indicate changes in the environment.

The leaf-beetle Leptomona russica (Gmelin, 1790) known from the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, and Middle Asia was found in Orenburg Province for the first time. It is the first record of this species from Europe and the first record of the genus Leptomona from European Russia. The diagnostic characters of the two Russian Leptomona species are included.

Palaearctic species of the genus Gymnophora are reviewed. Four new species, G. amurensis sp. n., G. gornostaevi sp. n., G. perpropinqua sp. n., and G. victoria sp. n., are described from the European Russia, Middle Asia, and Russian Far East. Females of two other species from the Far East are described under code letters. G. laciniata Michailovskaya, 1997 is synonymised under G. prescherweberae Disney, 1997. Lectotypes of G. arcuata (Meigen, 1839) and G. verrucata (Schmitz, 1929) are designated. The latter species is redescribed. Palaearctic females of G. nigripennis demonstrate wide variation of taxonomically important features and may, in fact, represent a group of closely related species. One female of G. nigripennis, which has been caught alive, is recorded to be infected with fungi.

The floristic structure, distribution and habitat requirements of a forest syntaxon, Populetum pamiricae ass. nova is described. The potential range of the Populetum pamiricae association comprises the mountains of eastern Tajikistan (Pamir Alai Mts), Kashgaria in western China (Kunlun Shan Mts) and north-eastern Afghanistan (Hindu Kush Mts) in Middle Asia. The biotope of this community comprises of high mountain river valleys situated at elevations between 2,500 and 3,200 m above sea level. Phytocoenoses of the Populetum pamiricae association are characterized by the apparent domination in the tree layer of a diagnostic species, Populus pamirica. The tree stand has a mean cover around 55%. The layer of shrubs consists primarily of the willow including Salix linearifolia and S. wilhelmsiana, and Hippophaë rhamnoides, Rosa huntica and Lonicera stenantha. The herb layer is less developed and consists of species typical for Populetea laurifolio-suaveolentis; however, in juvenile stages of the community, taxa from riverbed vegetation (i.e. Salicion eleagni) also frequently occur. Populetum pamiricae grows in areas of flood inundations caused mainly by spring thaw where the humus layer in soils is very thin or even completely absent. The forest association of Populetum pamiricae ass. nova is one of the rarest and most rapidly disappearing wood communities in Tajikistan. High conservation priority and special management is recomended for this association.

Using the literature data and field research conducted in 2009-2013 the distribution patterns, habitat conditions, phytogeographical characterisation and endangerment of weeds occurring in cereal crops in Tajikistan were analysed. We found out that Tajik weed flora of cereal crops counts 686 taxa. The most species rich families include Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae. The highest number of cereal weeds were noted in large river valleys of Syr-Daria, Amu-Daria and their tributaries in south-western and northern Tajikistan. This subregions have the warmest climate conditions and extensive arable lands. The greatest weed species richness was observed in submontane and montane elevations between approx. 700 and 1,900 m a.s.l. Cereal weeds occur frequently outside segetal communities in Tajikistan. They were noted usually in screes, wastelands, xerothermophilous grasslands, river gravel beds and in steppes habitats. The assessment of threat status reveals that ca. 33% of total cereal weed flora in Tajikistan are disappearing or occur very rarely. According to the chorological data we find that in the cereals of Tajikistan, 35 endemic and 14 subendemic species occur. The most numerous chorological elements of threatened weed flora of Tajikistan are Irano-Turanian (55%), pluriregional (16%), cosmopolitan (14,5%), Mediterranean (9%) and Eurosiberian (5%) species. Further research is suggested to explore the distribution patterns of all weed species in Tajikistan as it should be useful for economy and effectiveness of crop production as well as conservation of most valuable species.

Felt is described as a type of very thick warpless cloth, made by compressing wool in various ways without weaving, came up by humans’ covering up and sheltering needs against natural conditions in the first ages. Turkish nomads made ornaments and the objects they use completely from the wools derived from the animals raised by them. Wool allowed them to produce everything required for them. Felt has developed specificly in Middle Asia and oldest samples of felt are also found in there. Turkic tribes, which went towards west from the regions called as “Felt Land” by Chinese, has brought felt art with themselves and provided continuance of this art in an area involving up to thousands of kilometers from Balkans to the east borders Mongolia which also includes Anatolian and Iranian plateaus. Felt making is a handicraft which develops by traditional way, exists in Konya city centre from past to present. Konya Felt making is handed on “from father to son” or by “apprenticeship” from past to present. Felt products found in museum and storages of Konya has been investigated.

We examined the volunteers of a large humanitarian movement of Kazakhstan - Red Crescent Society of Kazakhstan. This is an interesting audience since Kazakhstan is a relatively peaceful and stable country, where it seems that there is no high demand for humanitarian activism. However, the movement is large in comparison with other social movements in Central Asia and rapidly increasing., Biz Kazakistan'ın büyük bir insani yardım hareketi olan Kazakistan Kızılay Birliği'nin gönüllüleriyle çalıştık. Kazakistan'ın barışçıl ve durağan bir ülke olması ve insani yardım için çok fazla talep olmamasına bakacak olursak bu kitle ilginç bir kitleydi. Ama Orta Asya'daki diğer sosyal hareketlerle karşılaştırıldığında bu hareket çok büyük harekettir ve hızla büyümektedir.

Consumption of lactic acid fermented foods is common in many mid-Asian, Middle East, and African countries. These products have many advantages such as destroying undesirable factors in the raw products, reducing the volume of the material, and providing a safer product. Besides improving organoleptic quality by fermentation, they are also superior in digestibility and nutritive value compared to their unfermented counterparts. Boza is a traditional Turkish beverage made by yeast and lactic acid bacteria fermentation of millet, cooked maize, wheat, or rice semolina/flour. The name, boza, in Turkish comes from the Persian word, buze, meaning millet. However, the Turks who lived in Middle Asia called this beverage bassoi. There are also similar beverages produced in East European countries (braga or brascha), the Balkans (busa), and Egypt (bouza). In the past, boza has been produced and consumed with slight differences in the recipe in the Turkish countries. Boza is made of various kinds of cereals (usually...

Kovalenko, Yakov N. (2017): Jelinekius prisniyi sp. nov., new species of genus Jelinekius Majer, 1990 (Coleoptera: Dasytidae: Rhadalinae) from Tajikistan. Zootaxa 4338 (3): 595-600, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4338.3.13

Halophytic communities of the hemicryptophytes in the lower part of the Atrek river valley (South-Western Turkmenia) are described in the paper. The characteristic of nine new associations referred to new alliances is given. The new order Aeluropodetalia littoralis ord. nov. has been distinguished for the communities of halophytic hemicryptophytes in the Middle Asia. Die Ordnung Aeluropodetalia littoralis in den Uberschwemmungsflachen im Tal des Flusses Atrek (Sudwestturkmenien) In der Arbeit werden die an Hemikryptophyten reichen Halophyten-Gesellschaften im unteren Abschnitt des Flusses Atrek (Sudwestturkmenien) beschrieben. Die neuen Assoziationen werden in zwei neuen Verbanden zusammengefasst. Fur die Gesellschaften der Halophyten-Hemikryptophyten in Mittelasien wird die neue Ordnung Aeluropodetalia littoralis ord. nov. vorgeschlagen.

The paper contains a list of 18 species of dipterans of the family Syrphidae collected by Polish expeditions to central Mongolia. Among them Paragus compeditus WIED. and Eristalis abusiva COLL. are recorded from this area for the first time. Also a new species of Syrphidae – Paragus mongolicus sp. n. is described and illustrated.

The finger and palmar prints of a total of 386 individuals (182 males and 204 females) at an age between 10 and 18 years from the region of the villages Petkovo and Banite, situated along the river Malka Arda in the Central Rhodopes, were studied. The following dermatoglyphic traits were analyzed: pattern intensity index (PII), the main line or Cummin's index (MLI), the frequencies of the proximal palmar triradius (t), the true hypothenar patterns (Hy) and the accessory interdigital triradii (AIT). The specific dermatoglyphic complexes after Heet were also determined for the population under study. A peculiarity of this population is the appearance of a clearly expressed Eastern Complex (EC), which accounts for 53.1% in the males and for 48.8% in the females. These values of EC and the calculated dermatoglyphic distances (DD) after Heet show a similarity between the examined population and a number of populations from the Volga region, Northern Caucasus, Middle Asia and Siberia. This similarity could be explained with the preservation of the genetic heritage of the proto-Bulgarians, one of the three main components of the modern Bulgarians.

Ventoplagia gen. n. is described, with the type species Ventoplagia brevirostris sp. n. The frontal bristles extending only to the base of the pedicel, 2+3 dorsocentral bristles, 0+2 intraalar bristles, the absence of prealar bristle, the short and fine anepimeral (pteropleural) bristle, the scutellum without lateral bristles, and the welldeveloped posteroventral bristle of the hind tibia indicate that the new genus belongs to tribe Minthoini. Ventoplagia gen. n. is closely related to the genus Palmonia Kugler. The characters distinguishing these genera are given.

Non-invasive methods of express analysis for mass monitoring of pathological states of human organism have been developed on the basis of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) elemental analysis of hair, nails, tooth enamel and skin. In addition, methods have been developed for studying sample preparations with the use of a universal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer mounted on a VEPP-3 storage ring. Data have accumulated over several geographical regions (Moscow Region, Chelyabinsk, Middle Asia, Novosibirsk Region, Maritime Region). The data of XRF analysis of hair samples from patients and animals mirror reliably differences in element concentrations. The methods can be useful in clinical medicine.

Mating calls of diploid and tetraploid green toads (Bufo viridis complex) from Iran, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan were investigated during the breeding periods in 1994 and 1995 across a range of temperatures from 9°C to 22°C. Interpulse interval duration, pulse duration and call duration were negatively correlated with water temperature. At any given temperature tetraploid toads exhibited longer pulses and interpulse intervals resulting in lower pulse rates than diploid toads. These differences reveal a potential premating isolation barrier and provide an additional argument to consider diploid and tetraploid green toads as separate species. Call duration did not differ significantly between diploid and tetraploid green toads. Fundamental frequencies lay in the same range in both diploid and tetraploid toads.

Oz Islâmiyet’in ve tasavvufun Turkler arasinda yayilmasiyla Turk sufileri de yetismistir. Bu sufiler ve onlarin yetistirdikleri dervisler, Orta Asya’dan baslayarak farkli cografyalarda Islâmiyet’i yaymaya calismislardir. Ozellikle XIII. yuzyilda Mogol istilasindan kacarak Anadolu’ya gelen Turk dervisleri, Anadolu’nun Turklesmesinde ve Islamlasmasinda onemli roller oynamislardir. Hayati hakkinda cok fazla bilgi sahibi olamadigimiz Seyh Turesan Veli Hazretleri de muhtemelen bu dervislerden biridir. Zamanimizdan asirlarca once yasamasina ragmen seyhin manevi nufuzu yasadigi cografyada hâlâ varligini surdurmektedir. Bugun ismi etrafinda anlatilan menkibelerle yapilan etkinlik ve faaliyetlerle seyhin adi yasatilmaya, insanlar arasindaki birlik ve beraberlik saglanmaya, bireylerin ihtiyac duyduklari manevi tatmin temin edilmeye calisilmaktadir. Makalede, Turklerin Islâmiyet’i kabul edisi, Islâmiyet’in Anadolu cografyasinda yayilisi ve dervislerin Anadolu’daki faaliyetleri hakkinda bilgi verilmektedir. Daha sonra XIII. yuzyilda yasayan ancak hayat hikâyesi hakkinda cok fazla bilgi sahibi olamadigimiz Seyh Turesan Veli’nin adi etrafinda tesekkul eden ve yazili kaynaklarda bulunmayan menkibeler incelenmis ve kendisiyle ilgili yapilan etkinlik ve faaliyetlerle ilgili bilgilere yer verilmistir.Abstract With the spread of Islam and mysticism among Turks, Turkish Sufis flourished. These Sufis and the dervishes educated by the Sufis started spreading Islam to the peoples of different geographical regions starting from the Middle Asia. Particularly in the 13th century, the Turkish dervishes that fled from the Mongol invasion played a pivotal role in the Turkification and Islamisation of Anatolia. Sheikh Turesan Veli, about whose life we have little knowledge, is possibly one of these dervishes. Although he lived centuries ago, his spiritual influence still continues to exist. Today, the name of the Sheikh is intended to be maintained through the activities that are carried out around with legends about him, the unity among people is intended to be provided, and thus the spiritual satisfaction is intended to be ensured. After giving information about Turk’s conversion to Islam, the spreading of Islam over Anatolia and the activities of dervishes in Anatolia, the article will touch the legends emerged about Sheikh Turesan Veli that are not included in any source and inform the reader about the activities which have organized about him.

The paper presents results of phytosociological researches on rock faces vegetation of Pamir Alai Mountains. In total, 182 phytosociological relevés were made during the field studies conducted in 2006–2012, applaying the Braun-Blanquet method. Plant communities of calcareous firm rock faces and small fissures, inhabiting mainly the alpine and subnival zone in several ranges (e.g. Zeravshan Mts, Hissar Mts, Hazratishoh Mts, Darvaz Mts, Rushan Mts and Vanch Mts) are herein described for the first time. A hierarchical syntaxonomic synopsis of the rock communities of the Pamir Alai is provided. The collected vegetation samples represent the majority of the variability among the phytocoenoses of small crevices in limestone massifs in alpine and subnival zone. As a result of field research and numerical analyses, 14 associations have been distinguished: Sergietum regelii, Scutellarietum megalodontae, Scutellarietum rubromaculatae, Scutellarietum orbicularis, Campanuletum lehmannianae, Violetum majchurensis, Achoriphragmetum darvazici, Achoriphragmetum turkestanici, Asperuletum fedtschenkoi, Andrachnetum fedtschenkoi, Eritrichietum turkestanici, Minuartio litwinowii-Phaeonychietum surculosi, Silenetum kuhistanicae, Silenetum samarcandensis. Main factors determining the species composition of the classified associations seem to be the crevice type, the elevation above sea level and the availability of soil. Rocky habitats in Tajikistan, probably because of their high separateness and marginal position within the Irano-Turanian province, act as a refuge for many narrowly distributed plant taxa.