Search

With the ever-increasing severity of ongoing water crisis, it is critical to develop cost-efficient and eco-friendly water treatment technologies. As an emerging oxidant in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), peracetic acid (PAA) has garnered worldwide attention owing to superior stability, susceptible activation capability, and high efficiency for decontamination. A diversity of carbon-based catalysts have been employed to activate PAA and trigger different oxidation pathways, including organic radicals (CH 3 COOO•, CH 3 COO•, •CH 3), hydroxyl radical (•OH) oxidation, singlet oxygen (1O 2) oxidation, high-valent metal oxidation, and electron-transfer processes (ETP). This review is dedicated to summarizing the progress of up-to-date research on carbon-based PAA activation, with a focus on clarifying the arguments of the structure-selectivity mechanisms of generating different reactive species via carbocatalytic PAA activation. The outcomes will provide valuable guidance for oriented catalyst design to coordinate on-demand PAA oxidation pathways toward high-efficiency water remediation. [Display omitted] • Reactive species and catalytic active sites in carbon-based PAA-AOPs are summarized. • Intrinsic structure-performance relations in PAA activation are clarified. • Key considerations for identifying reactive species are highlighted. • Challenges and prospects of carbon-based PAA-AOPs are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a newly developed dual wavelength diode laser combining 980 nm with 1470 nm has rarely been reported for the treatment of venous lakes.5 We recently encountered a patient with venous lakes of the lower lip for 6 months and was successfully cured with the dual diode laser. During the treatment, the patient experienced no pain, discomfort, or bleeding. One week after treatment, the patient had mild erosion and slight pain in the treatment area, which did not obstruct eating and subsided after 1 week. [Extracted from the article]

Considering the particularity of the patient's lesion sites, there might be warts under the separated toenail plate, we used electric shaving (Gerlach Technik electric nail shaving instrument, 25 000 round/min) to remove the separated toenail plate and expose warts under the toenail (Figure 1C). We used electric shaving to open the toenail plate and exposed warts completely, which was not only helpful for the clinical diagnosis, but also convenient for treatment of lesions under the toenail. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we establish a zero-sum, hybrid state stochastic game model for designing defense policies for cyber-physical systems against different types of attacks. With the increasingly integrated properties of cyber-physical systems (CPS) today, security is a challenge for critical infrastructures. Though resilient control and detecting techniques for a specific model of attack have been proposed, to analyze and design detection and defense mechanisms against multiple types of attacks for CPSs requires new system frameworks. Besides security, other requirements such as optimal control cost also need to be considered. The hybrid game model we propose contains physical states that are described by the system dynamics, and a cyber state that represents the detection mode of the system composed by a set of subsystems. A strategy means selecting a subsystem by combining one controller, one estimator and one detector among a finite set of candidate components at each state. Based on the game model, we propose a suboptimal value iteration algorithm for a finite horizon game, and prove that the algorithm results an upper bound for the value of the finite horizon game. A moving-horizon approach is also developed in order to provide a scalable and real-time computation of the switching strategies. Both algorithms aim at obtaining a saddle-point equilibrium policy for balancing the system’s security overhead and control cost. The paper illustrates these concepts using numerical examples, and we compare the results with previously system designs that only equipped with one type of controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new lipid droplets-targeted fluorescence probe (HTF) for SO 2 derivatives (HSO 3 − /SO 3 2− ) is developed based on FRET platform, in which a dansyl and 2-(3-cyano-4,5,5-trimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene) malononitrile (TCF) derivative were combined by piperazine moiety. Besides a large Stokes shift (155 nm), probe HTF possesses high selectivity toward SO 2 derivatives over other common anions or biothiols and excellent sensitivity with low detection limit (66 nM). The sensing mechanism was proposed to involve nucleophilic addition reaction of HSO 3 − to C C double bond, which was confirmed by 1 H NMR titration and HR-MS spectra. Furthermore, HTF showed a low cytotoxicity and excellent lipid droplets-targeting in living cells. Its ratiometric fluorescence imaging hinted a good latent application for the monitor of exogenous and endogenous bisulfite in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased short-term blood pressure variability (BPV) is strongly correlated with target organ damage. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying abnormal BPV-induced organ damage and effective therapeutic targets are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of losartan on vasomotor function and canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels in the aortas of rats with arterial pressure lability induced by sinoaortic denervation (SAD). SAD was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats at the age of 10 weeks. The experiment included sham-operated (Sham), SAD, and losartan-treated SAD (SAD+Los) groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, hemodynamic parameters were measured via catheterization, thoracic aortic vasomotor functions were evaluated using a physiological vascular ring tension recording system, and TRPC1 and 6 mRNA and protein expression levels in the endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the thoracic aorta were determined via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western-blotting, respectively. Compared with Sham rats, SAD rats exhibited significantly increased BPV, enhanced norepinephrine-induced aortic contraction, and attenuated acetylcholine-induced aortic relaxation. Both the mRNA and the protein expression levels of TRPC1 and 6 were significantly downregulated in the ECs and upregulated in the SMCs of the thoracic aortas of SAD rats. Losartan treatment prevented these SAD-induced changes. In conclusion, losartan efficiently prevented vasomotor function impairment in SAD rats by reducing BPV and regulating TRPC1 and 6 expression levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]