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Professor William Macewen (1848-1924) is one of the most important figures in world's surgery during 18th and early 19th century. He managed to provide numerous innovative techniques and instruments in various fields of surgery such as general surgery, orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, and thoracic surgery. His innovations had a great impact after his time and constituted the fundaments for further surgical developments. He also was a pioneer in clinical photography with the creation of a huge archive. During his surgical career, he received many honors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a third of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) will suffer the microvascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and therapeutic options can effectively prevent visual impairment, systematic screening has substantially reduced disease burden in developed countries. In an effort to tackle the rising incidence of DM, screening programmes have modernized in synchrony with technical and infrastructural advancements. Patient evaluation has shifted from face-to-face ophthalmologist-based review delivered through community grassroots to asynchronous store-and-forward modern telemedicine platforms commissioned on a nationwide scale. First pioneered with primitive 35-mm slide film retinal photography, the last decade has seen an emergence of high resolution and widefield imaging devices, which may reveal extents of DR indiscernible to the clinician but with implications of potential earlier identification. Similar progress has been seen in image analysis approaches – automated image analysis of retinal photographs of DR has evolved from qualitative feature detection to rules-based algorithms to autonomous artificial intelligence-powered classification. Such models have, relatively rapidly, been validated and are now receiving approval from health regulation authorities with deployment into the clinical sphere. In this review, we chart the evolution of global DR screening programmes since their inception highlighting major milestones in healthcare infrastructure, telemedicine approaches and imaging devices that have shaped the robust and effective frameworks recognised today. We also provide an outlook for the future of DR screening in the context of recent technological advancements with respect to their limitations in current times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Landscape photography is a visual construction of nature. Viewing recurrent representations of landscape photographs can contribute to the creation of national and political visual heritages, appropriation, and cultural claims over lands. Thus, landscape photographs serve as mediums for influencing political agendas and ideologies. These ideas are illustrated in this study by analysing European, Palestinian, and Zionist landscape photographs of the Holy Land (Zion/Palestine) from the middle of the nineteenth century and up to contemporary artistic Israeli photography. I contend that landscape photography was employed as a political tool at the hands of European and pre-statehood, Zionist photography for cultural land appropriation in their political struggles, while local Palestinian documentation was absent from this arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open fractures incur significant morbidity and mortality, and as such have standardised guidelines for their management. Photography of open fractures is an essential component of documentation in the treatment of open fractures as per the British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Smartphones have made photography easily accessible to the clinician, but serious concerns exist regarding data security and the consent process around the use of sensitive clinical images. This project sought to overcome this issue by developing a Caldicott-compliant hospital imaging protocol that allows clinicians to use their smartphone to upload open fracture images into the patient's permanent record. Implementation of the protocol was audited and resulted in the increase of safe and secure open fracture photographic storage to inpatient medical records. This protocol would be transferrable to other hospital trusts and could be adopted across major trauma networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In recent years, a new concept has emerged at the forefront of slide-based diagnosis and telepathology. This is the concept of whole slide imaging. This has very recently also been tried with smartphones using complex software for photo analysis and stitching. This study is aimed to evaluate and compare the use of Jenoptik photomicrograph camera and smartphone camera-based whole slide imaging (WSI) for various microscopic preparations and slides. The study also uses a commonly available IOS smartphone device, a commonly available phone to microscope attachment, and the most commonly used Adobe Photoshop software for all stitching purposes. Aim: To evaluate and compare smartphone and photomicrography-based whole slide imaging. Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology in Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere. The samples included in this study are 10 slides of routine hematoxylin and eosin stain slides and 10 ground section slides of teeth and bone samples. Continuous photographs of the entire slide were captured using an IOS device and a Jenoptik camera attached research microscope at 10× magnification. The photographs were stitched using Adobe Photoshop 2017 software to obtain a whole slide image. Then, two observers analyzed the whole slide image for a possible diagnosis and thus compared the efficiency of both the methods. Statistical Analysis Used: The statistical Chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) H test were done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 2010 Software. Results: Percentage of measure of agreement was 79.5%, 83.7% and 86.3%, 89.1% for the whole slide images taken in the smartphone and photomicrograph and analyzed by Observer 1 and Observer 2, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, it can be seen that the WSI by research microscopes is better than that with a smartphone and a compound microscope but still both the methods are equally good and can be followed with accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Access to glaucoma specialists is challenging and likely to become more difficult as the population ages. Introduction:Using telemedicine for glaucoma (teleglaucoma) has the potential to increase access to glaucoma care by improving efficiency and decreasing the need for long-distance travel for patients. Results:Teleglaucoma programs can be used for screening, diagnostic consultation, and long-term treatment monitoring. Key components of teleglaucoma programs include patient history, equipment, intraocular pressure measurement, pachymetry, anterior chamber imaging/gonioscopy, fundus photography, retinal nerve fiber layer imaging, medical record and imaging software, and skilled personnel. Discussion:Teleglaucoma has tremendous potential to improve patient access to high-quality cost-effective glaucoma care. Conclusions:We have reviewed some special considerations needed to address the complexity of providing guideline-concordant glaucoma care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both garden and photographic art creation pursue the expression of artistic conception. By analyzing the connotation of artistic conception of photographic art, the interaction between garden and photography are analyzed, and the artistic conception beauty of garden photography is discussed from three aspects: composition, color, and light and shadow expression. Moreover, artistic conception expression skills such as inspiration capture and deepening experience are put forward, in order to provide the reference for lovers of garden photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical photographs have been used for decades to document clinical findings. The ease with which medical photographs can be captured and integrated into the electronic health record (EHR) has increased as digital cameras obviated the need for the film development process. Today, cameras integrated into smartphones allow for high-resolution images to be instantly uploaded and integrated into the EHR. With major EHR vendors offering mobile smartphone applications for the conduct of point-of-care medical photography, health care providers and institutions need to be aware of legal questions that arise in the conduct of medical photography. Namely, (1) what are the requirements for consent when taking medical photographs, and how may photographs be used after consent is obtained, (2) are medical photographs admissible as evidence in court, and (3) how should a provider respond to a request by a patient or parent requesting that a photograph be deleted from the medical record? Herein, we review relevant laws and legal cases in the context of accepted standards of medical practice pertaining to point-of-care medical photography. This review is intended to aid health care providers and institutions seeking to develop or revise policies regarding using a mobile application at their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arte, Individuo y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background Pectus excavatum is less common in females than in males, and it often aggravates a coexistent breast asymmetry. We conducted a study comparing female patients' versus medical professionals' evaluation of pectus excavatum repair to assess differences in aesthetic outcome ratings. Moreover, we evaluated the influence of surgical correction on patients' self-perception. Methods Of 30 female patients who were initially screened, 18 patients (mean age, 20 years) who underwent bar removal after surgical correction of pectus excavatum deformity participated in the survey (60%). They completed a questionnaire rating their appearance before and after surgery and responded to a psychological questionnaire about the changes that they had experienced. The mean interval between pectus bar removal and evaluation was 28 months. Standardized preoperative and postoperative patient photographs were evaluated using the same questionnaire by a panel of medical professionals and students (n=24) and the results were compared. Results Patients rated their preoperative deformity as more severe than the other evaluators, revealing the significant impact of the deformity on patients' self-perception. Postoperatively, patient and professional evaluations were much better than before and were very similar. The psychological evaluation showed a clear improvement in well-being. The ratings of the medical professionals were not influenced by their degree of medical education. Conclusions Surgical correction of pectus excavatum in female patients positively influences body perception and psychological well-being. It should therefore not be considered as a merely aesthetic correction, but as an important procedure to restore a patient's self-perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently used iris cameras are expensive and have many limitations in their use. Existing iris cameras are inconvenient in interworking with newly developed software, and light reflections generated during iris photography are inadequate for medical use. Therefore, it is impossible to utilize the existing camera to take an image by yourself. In this paper, the iris camera is newly constructed so that the iris can be photographed by ourselves and the area of ​ ​ interest can be seen well. Anyone can easily wear glasses-type iris cameras to acquire images using IoT devices, and the acquired images are linked to the iris analysis program and used to read genetic weak parts. The proposed iris camera module automatically provides light reflection, shake, and accurate focus when capturing images, increasing the accuracy of image analysis to 91.49%. In addition, we have proved through experiments that one image processing time is fast as 0.007ms due to accurate image input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the genus Opuntia (prickly pear) are edible cacti, native to America; its leaves, transformed into spines, make its handling difficult. In this research, we measured the area of Opuntia cladodes using 3D photographs in order to avoid the handling of the spinous plant. The proposed in situ method is “non-destructive”, it generates immediate results, it is low cost, employs cutting edge technology, and solves the problems that occur with the leaf area measuring methods cited in the references when applied to this spinous plant. Unlike 2D images, 3D images consider the inclination and curvature of the sample to determine its area. By applying multiple linear regression, we can calculate the inclination from a sample to the center of the image. The measurement of cladodes allows us to evaluate the yield of a crop, decide the time for harvest, or survey and characterize wildlife specimens. To evaluate this strategy, we determined the area of 12 cladodes with the proposed method and five other strategies for comparison. The algorithm showed a 95% accuracy, as the best destructive strategies, but without damaging the plant; it also showed the best performance in terms of the time required for a result. The database with the generated 3D images, as well as the source code, can be downloaded for free from http://www.serconmur.com/area-foliar-3d.html. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Juvenile X-linked Retinoschisis (JXLRS) is a hereditary retinopathy that commonly presents with macular retinoschisis. In this study, we describe a group of patients who presented with peripheral retinoschisis with no macular schisis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case series of three JXLRS patients with genetically confirmed RS1 genotypes was identified. Presence of macular and/or peripheral retinoschisis as assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT), wide-field fluorescein angiography, clinical ophthalmoscopy, and color fundus photography. Results: The eyes of the three JXLRS patients with peripheral retinoschisis had no macular schisis or atrophy on OCT. ERG was available in one patient and showed no reduced b-waves on scotopic combined rod-cone response. Conclusions: RS1 mutations can cause a macular-sparing JXLRS phenotype. The diagnosis of JXLRS should be considered for young males presenting with peripheral retinoschisis even if there is no evidence of macular schisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cemiplimab has shown substantial antitumour activity in patients with metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Patients with locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma have poor prognosis with conventional systemic therapy. We present a primary analysis of the safety and antitumour activity of cemiplimab in patients with locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Methods: This pivotal open-label, phase 2, single-arm trial was done across 25 outpatient clinics, primarily at academic medical centres, in Australia, Germany, and the USA. Eligible patients (aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1) received cemiplimab 3 mg/kg intravenously over 30 min every 2 weeks for up to 96 weeks. Tumour measurements were done every 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was objective response, defined as the proportion of patients with complete or partial response, according to independent central review as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 for radiological scans and WHO criteria for medical photography. Data cutoff was Oct 10, 2018, when the fully enrolled cohort reached the prespecified timepoint for the primary analysis. Analyses were done as per the intention-to-treat principle. The safety analysis comprised all patients who received at least one dose of cemiplimab. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02760498.Findings: Between June 14, 2016, and April 25, 2018, 78 patients were enrolled and treated with cemiplimab. The median duration of study follow-up was 9·3 months (IQR 5·1-15·7) at the time of data cutoff. An objective response was observed in 34 (44%; 95% CI 32-55) of 78 patients. The best overall response was ten (13%) patients with a complete response and 24 (31%) with a partial response. Grade 3-4 treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 34 (44%) of 78 patients; the most common were hypertension in six (8%) patients and pneumonia in four (5%). Serious treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 23 (29%) of 78 patients. One treatment-related death was reported that occurred after onset of aspiration pneumonia.Interpretation: Cemiplimab showed antitumour activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients with locally advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma for whom there was no widely accepted standard of care.Funding: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study is to explore the role of viscoelastic properties of polymeric solutions on mode transitions in the electrospray process. By adjusting the applied electric potential between the nozzle and the collecting substrate, various electrohydrodynamic (EHD) modes were photographed by using a high-speed camera. Then, the effect of operating parameters on the droplet size in the dripping mode and the jet profile in the jet mode was investigated. By categorizing the EHD modes of each viscoelastic solution into dimensionless operating maps, it can be seen that by increasing the solution concentration, the extents of dripping mode and beads-on-a-string structure dwindle, while the jet stabilizes in a wider range of electric capillary numbers. Furthermore, contrary to deionized water, when the applied voltage escalates, the stick jet mode is observed where the jet sticks to the outer surface of the nozzle and the asymptotic thickness of the jet falls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the vestiges of the early cinema in Curitiba city, Brazil, in the pages of the main illustrated magazines that circulated in that city between 1907-1913. In those years, among others aspects of urban modernization, the graphic services where expanding in Curitiba, what allowed a broad circulation of illustrated magazines that contained cartoons, advertisements and photographs. Such periodicals made constant remissions to the consumption places of cinema, that arrived in the city through the hands of european entrepreneurs. In 1909, for example, the circulation of the humour magazine entitled "Cinema" evidenced some of the existing connections between the illustrated magazines themselves and that early cinema, all participating in a new type of cultural consumption. The primary aim of this text is to evaluate those periodicals as catalysts of a wide cultural phenomenon, of which it participated themselves, and whose dimensions were transnational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the untapped, complicated, fragile, and fluid visual archives of the elite White surgeon Rudolph Matas, a large proportion of which was produced during the late 19th and early 20th century, a time when he was a resident at New Orleans' Charity Hospital in Louisiana and a professor of general and clinical surgery at Tulane University's Medical Department. The article's main aim is to understand the role of visual materials in the production, uses, circulation, and impact of a form of knowledge that Matas termed "racial pathology." A small but representative sample of visual materials from the Matas collection are placed in context and examined in order to make known this untold chapter from the life story of "one of the great pioneers" in American surgery. The article reveals that many of the photographs were most significant in having been produced and assembled in parallel with the making, publication, dissemination, reception, and use of Matas' racialized medical research, in particular his influential 1896 pamphlet, The Surgical Peculiarities of the American Negro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores how photographs works as a source of psychiatry history, and results of examining medical photographs. Topics include making pain-insensitive body regions on the skin visible as diagnostically relevant information; X-ray photos and microphotographs of brain specimens are documented photographically; and how medical trained experts learn to standardize the production of medical images with the intention of using diagnostic methods in psychiatry and neurology.

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Clinical photography has proven to be reliable for posture assessment in adolescents and young adults with idiopathic scoliosis. This paper attempts to elucidate whether clinical photography is capable of distinguishing the distinctive characteristics in trunk deformity of the different Lenke patterns in patients with severe scoliosis candidate for surgery.Methods: One hundred and seventy-three patients (82% women), average age of 20.8 years and average largest curve magnitude of 58.7° were included. PA standing full-spine X-rays and digital photographs from the back of the trunk were measured.Radiological Measurements: It is used to measure magnitude of the proximal thoracic (PTC), main thoracic (MTC) and thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/LC) curves, T1 tilt and the clavicle-rib intersection angle.Photographic Measurements: It is used to measure shoulder height angle, axilla height angle, waist height angle (WHA), right and left waist angles and trunk areas.Statistical Analysis: One-way ANOVA to test mean differences among Lenke types for radiological and photographic measurements was performed. ROC curve analysis was conducted to find out cutoff values in photographic measurements to differentiate among curve patterns.Results: Most radiological and photographic measurements differ among curve patterns. On ROC curve analysis, solid cutoff values were found for WHA (AUC = 0.8), left waist angle (AUC = 0.81), right waist angle (AUC = 0.81) and the difference between left and right waist angles (AUC = 0.86) to differentiate between types 1 and 2 and the other three types (3, 5 and 6).Conclusions: Clinical photography is a valid method for assessing trunk asymmetry in severe idiopathic scoliosis. Specifically, for waist area measurements, robust cutoff values can be determined to discriminate among different curve patterns according to Lenke classification. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of recombinant human factor in intralesional diabetic foot has been the subject of several studies that have proven its effectiveness, to the extent of avoiding amputation. Its effectiveness on chronic wounds is currently being studied, with relevant results. We analyzed the results of a series of patients with chronic wounds treated in the Plastic Surgery Department of the Mohammed VI Medical Center in Marrakech. This is a prospective study conducted between January and April 2019, involving ten patients with chronic wounds, who benefited from intra- and peri-lesional infiltration of recombinant human factor. The average age was 48.8 years with extremes of 17 and 69 years. All our patients were male. 80% of our patients lived in adverse conditions. The average duration of the lesions was 8.1 years with extremes ranging from 6 months to 37 years. The average size of the loss of substance was 10.4 cm2 with extremes ranging from 04 to 18 cm2. The etiologies of the loss of substance were variable, dominated by loss of substance post-accident on a public road in more than 60% of the cases. 40% of our patients reported pain at the level of the site and 20% vertigo. Evolution of the lesions was regularly evaluated by clinical examination and photographs. Budding was obtained in 30% of the cases after grafting, epidermalization in 40% of the cases, and a very significant reduction in the size of the loss area in 30% of cases. The use of recombinant human factor is one of the encouraging therapeutic advances in regenerative medicine that has proven effective on chronic wounds with a reduced overall cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Curvature assessment is an iterative aspect of the evaluation of Peyronie's Disease (PD); its accuracy is subject to patient erection quality and clinician technique. Prior studies have shown promising results when using 3D modeling software in curvature assessment, yet none have applied the technology to human subjects with complex PD in an authentic clinical scenario. Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of using 3D modeling to assess penile deformity in PD patients. Methods: MirrorMe3D is a HIPPA-compliant iOS mobile and web-based platform designed for 3D anatomical modeling. 2 trained urology fellows (coders 1 and 2) were trained to create models using the app by acquiring ≥ 12 images of the target obtained in a multiplanar, 360-degree fashion. Participants verbally consented to deidentified penile photography during their clinic visit for penile curvature assessment with Doppler ultrasound (CADUS). Photographs were obtained prior to performing DUS with the patient in the supine position and using a commercially available clip-on ring light and custom 3D-printed holder device placed over the penis base for stabilization. 3D models were generated upon completion of the visit and screened for quality. Curvature assessment on the 3D images included curvature direction, location, degrees, and other defects identified via visual inspection of the digital model. Results: 7 unique, quality 3D images were generated using 15-20 photos per participant (Figure 1). The time required to obtain images was 1-2 minutes. Once the 3D image was developed, the curvature assessment took about 5 minutes. Quantitative results are summarized in Table 1. We observed a high rate of agreement in terms of primary direction of curvature and an acceptable variance rate when evaluating degrees of curvature within a margin of 10°; of note, coders were in agreement with each other to within a 10° margin 100% of the time (7/7 patients). We also observed a high agreement rate when evaluating the presence of absence of tapering but low agreement when assessing for the presence of indentation and hourglass deformity. Regarding the penis stabilizer, our experience suggests that it may alter the base of the penis anatomy, but it improves capture of the organ with diminished interference from surrounding anatomy (scrotum, abdomen). Factors influencing the quality of the image were exam room set-up, patient anxiety about losing an erection, lighting, and body hair. Conclusions: 3D image-based PD assessment can be implemented with minimal impact to visit efficiency. The 3D technique does not appear to reproduce complex PD measurements obtained by CADUS; however, future studies will evaluate the utility of employing this technology to a larger cohort and also to monitor treatment effect in complex PD patients. Disclosure: No. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Watching, Waiting: The Photographic Representation of Empty Places" is a timely anthology that explores the landscapes of emptiness through the lens of photography. The book delves into the broader realm of emptiness, examining both its contemporary and historical manifestations. It features contributions from authors of diverse professional backgrounds and geographical experiences, offering a layered reading of the topic. The essays in the book navigate through pertinent contemporary issues such as ongoing military conflicts, the Black Lives Matter Movement, social divisions in neoliberal society, and the rise of technocratic rule. Additionally, the book explores the emotional landscapes of emptiness, architectural phenomenology, and the creative process behind photography and filmmaking. Overall, it invites readers to navigate through disciplinary intersections and fosters a deeper engagement with the complexities of emptiness. [Extracted from the article]

In this two-part treatment planning series, the case of a 63-year-old woman with severe attachment loss at the maxillary incisors is presented. In Part 1, pretreatment strategies, eg, use of intra- and extraoral photographs, analysis of periapical radiographs, and examination of occlusal and periodontal status, are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of six treatment options using both conventional and implant therapy are presented. In Part 2, the treatment selected will be revealed and the rationale governing the decision will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The conventional impression technique for manufacturing facial prostheses has the disadvantage of deforming the soft tissues because of the tension caused by the impression material, as well as causing discomfort to the patient. The purpose of this study was to establish a system that allows contact-free reproduction of the facial surface combined with computer-assisted design and fabrication of facial prostheses. Materials and Methods: Three-dimensional data of the facial surface were obtained using an optical acquisition system based on the method of phase-measuring profilometry. A sensor head with a fringe projector and two CCD cameras for photogrammetric triangulation were used in connection with a PC for measurement control and data evaluation. Software for computer-assisted design of the facial surface to be reconstructed was developed. A prototype facial prosthesis was fabricated using stereolithography. The system was tested using a modified puppet head. First clinical tests were performed with a patient who had undergone maxillofacial surgery including the resection of one eye. Results: Three dimensional data acquisition and imaging allow visualization of a whole face without causing tension or neuromuscular reaction. As surface brightness is also part of the digital model, it is even more realistic than a plaster cast. The stereolithographic object showed good marginal fit and satisfactory shape. Conclusion: The presented technique allows three-dimensional data reproduction of the facial surface, computer-assisted design of a facial prosthesis, and transfer to a rapid prototyping unit. The system has obvious advantages over conventional impression techniques. Further clinical trials are planned to evaluate the clinical success of the technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Major connectors must be rigid to perform their functions with maximum efficacy. This study investigated the deformation of four major connectors for maxillary Kennedy Class I removable partial dentures. Materials and Methods: The designs were palatal plate, U-shaped plate, palatal strap, and anteroposterior bar. The deformation properties of major connectors were comparatively analyzed by two methods. In the photogrammetric part, a stereometric camera, Avipan-100 glass films, and an analytic apparatus were used. A computerized hydraulic machine was programmed to load the eight test dentures at 4-Hz frequency under a vertical load of 100 kg and a maximum of 300,000 cycles. The fluorescence penetrant liquid inspection test was used to detect the surface microcracks. Results: The anteroposterior bar showed the least deformation. The other connectors, ranked in increasing order for the amount of deformation, were the U- shaped plate, the palatal strap, and the palatal plate. There were no microcracks in the U- shaped plate and the anteroposterior bar designs. Conclusion: Anteroposterior bar major connectors showed the least deformation among the maxillary major connector types tested. Microscopic cracks were seen in major connectors showing the highest degree of deformation and located at the depth of the hard palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurement of misfit at the implant-prosthesis interface is a difficult procedure. One factor common to all methods that attempt to measure 3-dimensional distortion to the micron level is the difficulty in providing verifiably consistent reference points between individual measurement sets. Consequently, the majority of studies use a relative distortion model in which the coordinate reference system is integral to the framework, thus limiting the value of the data gathered. In the method described, the datum plane and the coordinate reference system were set up external to the framework and could be re-established between measurement sets in a verifiable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

4 Scheinfeld N. Film photography's limitations in imaging skin of color underlies racial imaging disparities; new digital photography features facilitate the imaging of skin of color. (a) Natural light, (b) flash photography, (c) room light, (d) overhead light for photos focusing on hair. gl Dermatologists must understand ways to achieve the best photographic representation of all patients in order to optimize patient care and the development of educational photos. Although best practices for capturing skin photos have been outlined,1 these omit specific challenges of taking photos of dark skin. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Medical photography plays a pivotal role in modern health care, serving multiple purposes ranging from patient care to medical documentation and education. Specifically, it aids in wound management, surgical planning, and medical training. While digital cameras have traditionally been used, smartphones equipped with specialized apps present an intriguing alternative. Smartphones offer several advantages, including increased usability and efficiency and the capability to uphold medicolegal standards more effectively and consistently., Objective: This study aims to assess whether implementing a specialized smartphone app could lead to more frequent and efficient use of medical photography., Methods: We carried out this study as a comprehensive single-center panel investigation at a level 1 trauma center, encompassing various settings including the emergency department, operating theaters, and surgical wards, over a 6-month period from June to November 2020. Using weekly questionnaires, health care providers were asked about their experiences and preferences with using both digital cameras and smartphones equipped with a specialized medical photography app. Parameters such as the frequency of use, time taken for image upload, and general usability were assessed., Results: A total of 65 questionnaires were assessed for digital camera use and 68 for smartphone use. Usage increased significantly by 5.4 (SD 1.9) times per week (95% CI 1.7-9.2; P=.005) when the smartphone was used. The time it took to upload pictures to the clinical picture and archiving system was significantly shorter for the app (mean 1.8, SD 1.2 min) than for the camera (mean 14.9, SD 24.0 h; P<.001). Smartphone usage also outperformed the digital camera in terms of technical failure (4.4% vs 9.7%; P=.04) and for the technical process of archiving (P<.001) pictures to the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) and display images (P<.001) from it. No difference was found in regard to the photographer's intent (P=.31) or reasoning (P=.94) behind the pictures. Additionally, the study highlighted that potential concerns regarding data security and patient confidentiality were also better addressed through the smartphone app, given its encryption capabilities and password protection., Conclusions: Specialized smartphone apps provide a secure, rapid, and user-friendly platform for medical photography, showing significant advantages over traditional digital cameras. This study supports the notion that these apps not only have the potential to improve patient care, particularly in the realm of wound management, but also offer substantial medicolegal and economic benefits. Future research should focus on additional aspects such as patient comfort and preference, image resolution, and the quality of photographs, as well as seek to corroborate these findings through a larger sample size., (©Jan Siad El Barbari, Maxim Fikuart, Nils Beisemann, Michael Müller, Hannah Syrek, Paul Alfred Grützner, Jochen Franke, Sven Yves Vetter. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (https://formative.jmir.org), 25.01.2024.)

With the increased use of technology, the use of medical photography has also increased, especially for secondary purposes. Secondary use only results in a benefit for clinicians and is considered a one-way process. This, in turn, raises several potential ethical issues, despite the numerous benefits of medical photography. The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 82 physicians who took medical photos, in Ankara, Turkey. The mean age of the participants was 44.7 years. Of the participants, 95.1% reported using their personal mobile phones for photographing and 84.1% reported taking medical photos for "use in clinical trainings (clinical seminars, student and patient trainings, etc.)". Among physicians who took photos for research purposes, 29.3% reported obtaining only verbal consent. In addition, 53.7% of physicians reported storing medical photos on their personal computers. It seems that there is no consensus among physicians regarding taking, storing, and using medical photos, and these results cause ethical problems., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

High-quality clinical photography has become an integral part of dermatology in the context of patient evaluation and monitoring, clinical teaching, and research. Technological advancements in smartphones have allowed dermatologists to incorporate photography in workflows; however, acquiring quality photos poses its own challenges. Outlining a best practice approach to image capture prior to biopsy will facilitate establishing a team-based approach for the implementation of clinical photography in workflow. We propose this guide with the intent of improving patient care though photography in the clinical setting and the goal of integrating high-quality photography into routine clinical practice., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The French neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot, linked his name to studies on hysteria. The documentation of his work at the Salpêtrière Hospital, in Paris, shows how any sign of emotional excess was recorded and classified through the photographic medium. These images provided the materials for the multivolume album Iconographie photographique de la Salpêtrière (1878). In the photos of Salpêtriere’s patients, the image takes over the disease. The photographic medium was not a neutral witness, but influenced the performance of hysteria. In years when photography seems able to unveil human character and to separate good from bad (as shown by the research by Bertillon and Lombroso), the photographic gaze is soon screwed on itself, seduced by the density of the images.

Background:Acute visual loss is a common chief complaint in emergency department (ED) patients, but the scarcity of ophthalmologists in most EDs limits its evaluation. Introduction:Our objective was to evaluate whether nonmydriatic fundus photography (NMFP) in the ED helps triage patients with acute visual loss. Materials and Methods:We included 213 patients with acute visual loss evaluated in the ED with NMFP as part of the Fundus Photography versus Ophthalmoscopy Trial Outcomes in the ED studies. Demographics, referral patterns, results of NMFP, and final diagnoses were recorded. Results:A final ophthalmological diagnosis was made in 109/213 (51%) patients. NMFP allowed a definite diagnosis in 51/109 (47%) patients: 14 nonglaucomatous optic neuropathies, 10 papilledema, 13 acute retinal ischemia, 2 retinal detachments, 2 choroidal metastases, 4 maculopathies, and 6 glaucoma. In 58/109 (53%) patients, NMFP was not diagnostic even when interpreted remotely by ophthalmologists due to disorders undiagnosable with NMFP. Ophthalmology consultation was requested in 109/213 (51%) patients, 41/54 (76%) patients with abnormal NMFP versus 68/159 (43%) patients with normal NMPF (p < 0.001). Discussion:Although NMFP allowed rapid diagnosis in 51/213 (24%) patients presenting to the ED with acute visual loss, NMFP alone was not sufficient to detect all ocular diseases; ophthalmology consultation was more often requested when NMFP was abnormal. Conclusions:Our study emphasizes the limitations of teleophthalmology with NMFP in remotely detecting ocular diseases related to acute visual loss in the ED. NMFP helped triage and referral decisions and can be used to complement ophthalmology consultations in the ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Free gingival grafting is among the most foreseeing procedures for increasing the zone of keratinized attached gingiva and enhancing soft tissue around the teeth and dental implants. Nowadays low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising approach in providing patients with more pleasing results in terms of esthetics and comfort. This study aims to investigate the effects of LLLT on gingival recessions treated with free gingival graft (FGG). Methods: This case series was conducted on 12 individuals requiring a bilateral gingival graft in the mandibular region. There was a 30-day interval between the two operations. The test side was selected randomly and irradiated by a low-level laser (LLL) just before surgery. The patients did not know which side was irradiated. LLLT was applied to the donors' as well as recipients' site immediately after the operation and 48 hours later. The patients were instructed to record their post-operative pain in a visual analogue scale (VAS) 3 and 24 hours and 7 days after the surgical procedure. The clinical photographs were taken immediately and 30 days after surgical treatment were graded by three experienced periodontists for color matching to adjacent tissues. Results: Ten individuals could finish the study. The test group presented significantly better shade matching and wound healing at the palatal donor site on days 7, 14 and 21. There was a significant reduction in post-operative pain after 24 hours (P = 0.007). No statistically significant difference was found between both groups in terms of clinical periodontal indices. Conclusion: LLLT could reduce post-operative pain 24 hours after surgical treatment. Furthermore, the application of LLLT could improve the donors' site healing and the recipients' site color matching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of undergraduate (UG), postgraduate (PG), and FDS (fellowship) students toward dental photography. Background: Dental photography is coming up to be an important aspect of dentistry. It can be used as a method of record keeping or documenting procedures. It can also be used for proof in legal aspects. It is a good way of showing the patients the difference in the oral condition before and after treatment. This study is done to check UG students attitude toward dental photography. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted involving UG, PG, and FDS students at Saveetha Dental College. The students were asked a series of questions that analyzed their level of knowledge and understanding regarding dental photography and its importance. Results: Around one third of the students felt that case documentation is useful for medicolegal purposes and about half of them preferred Dental photography as a mode of documentation. It was also found that about 56% of the students record cases on mobile phones and dedicate not more than 5 minutes for photographic documentation. Majority of the students felt that there is no need for advanced training or accessory equipments for dental photography. Conclusion: Dental graduates should understand the importance of dental photography and efforts should me made in the form of workshops and seminars to impart training in this expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]