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The article presents a study on the effect of a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program (NELIP) on the prevention excessive pregnancy weight gain and postpartum weight retention for overweight (OW) and obese (OB) pregnant women. It states that the study was made among pregnant women who were part of the NELIP group and were subjected to a peak exercise test on a treadmill to volitional fatigue. It mentions that the NELIP resulted to a reduction of the risk of excessive pregnancy weight gain wherein it brought a mean weight gain of 6.8 kg and a mean total pregnancy gain of 12.0 kg. It adds that a mild walking program and a nutritional control at the time of pregnancy particularly for OW and OB women promote healthy lifestyle changes.

Abstract: Characterization of dendritic cells (DC) in human diabetes has been restricted to monocyte-derived DC in type 1 diabetes, whose physiological relevance to endogenous DC is uncertain. Here, we provide the first report characterizing the phenotype and function of endogenous DC subsets in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. We show that DC subsets in each diabetic group exhibit normal properties concerning frequency and activation state, as determined using 4-color flow cytometry of whole blood cells. DC maturation is also intact as confirmed by their efficacious ability to stimulate T cell proliferation in an allogeneic MLR assay. Yet we found that DC are poor producers of IFN-α (P < 0.05) in human diabetes. IFN-α is a potent antiviral agent and therefore its reduced levels may interfere with T cell-mediated immune responses leading to increased susceptibility and persistence of infections in persons with diabetes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The numbers of women attending Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinics (DPC) are increasing. Some of the increase may reflect obesity effects on GDM prevalence, but changes in numbers and characteristics of women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are unknown. The DPC in London Ontario sees all pregnant women with diabetes within the catchment area with stable clinic structures and procedures. Longitudinal characteristics of women with T1DM were documented for demographic insights. Methods: DPC pregnancy charts were assessed for 2000-2002, 2010-2012 and 2014-2016. Data were abstracted for: age; weight, A1C and medication use. Continuous results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); non-parametric results by Chi-square testing; p≤ 0.05 signifying significance. Conclusions: Clinic numbers of pregnant women with T1DM increased non-significantly over the study timeline while pump usage rose concurrent with access to government funding. A1C values fell 0.5% from first to last visit in all time periods. A1C values at first visit rose over the time periods suggesting women with less optimal glucose control were conceiving pregnancies. Disclosure: P. Khanna: None. K. Anukam: None. L. Chow: None. E. Brydges: None. S.L. Liu: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Physicians' Services Inc. Foundation. J. Mahon: None. T.R. Joy: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Other Relationship; Self; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc. R.M. McManus: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numbers of women attending Diabetes and Pregnancy Clinics (DPC) are increasing. Potential reasons include: obesity; fertility intervention access; diagnostic changes for gestational diabetes (GDM). The DPC in London Ontario sees all pregnant women with diabetes within the catchment area with stable clinic structure and procedures. Longitudinal characteristics of GDM women were documented for demographic insights. Methods: DPC pregnancy charts were assessed for 2000-2002, 2010-2012 and 2014-2016. Data were abstracted for: age; weight, infertility interventions; GDM diagnostic method. Continuous results were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), non-parametric results by Chi-square testing; p≤ 0.05 signifying significance. Conclusions: Over the study interval, women with a GDM diagnosis increased 240%. The change may be related to obesity; changes to GDM diagnostic criteria and week of testing; but not late pregnancy weight gain or use of fertility interventions. Disclosure: P. Khanna: None. K. Anukam: None. L. Chow: None. E. Brydges: None. S.L. Liu: Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Physicians' Services Inc. Foundation. J. Mahon: None. T.R. Joy: Speaker's Bureau; Self; Amgen Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi. Other Relationship; Self; Amgen Inc., AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk Inc. R.M. McManus: None. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D) can be reduced by an intensive healthy lifestyle intervention designed for Arab Muslim women of Middle Eastern descent (AWMD) who are at high risk for this disease. We hypothesized that among Canadian AWMD, the intervention would (a) reduce the identified health risk factors for T2D (body mass index [BMI], ≥30 kg·m-2; fasting blood glucose [FBG], ≥5.6 mmol·L-1; and waist circumference [WC], ≥80 cm); (b) improve anthropometric measurements; (c) improve lifestyle factors (physical activity level [steps per day] and dietary habits); and (d) improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce blood pressure., Methods: After informed consent, 60 participants were randomized to either an exercise and nutrition group (ENG; n = 30) or a control group (CON; n = 30). ENG attended a women-only supervised exercise program that presented Arabic music and traditional Lebanese Dabka three times a week in a Mosque gym for 12 wk. A nutritionist was available 1 h·wk-1 for nutrition education. The CON followed their typical day., Results: ENG and CON had similar increased risk profiles for diabetes at baseline. Large significant pre/posttreatment interaction effects were found for BMI, FBG, and WC with a reduced diabetes risk for ENG compared with CON for BMI (1,58) = 1184.8, P < 0.001), FBG (1,58) = 187.7, P < 0.001), and WC (1,58) = 326.4, P < 0.001). The ENG had significantly more participants reach postintervention target values (BMI: χ2(1) = 16.48, P = 0.001; FBG: χ2(1) = 52.26, P < 0.001; WC: χ2(1) = 4.29, P = 0.038) compared with the CON. Adherence to the program was 100%., Conclusions: Modifiable risk factors for T2D were reduced by using a culturally sensitive intervention program with high adherence through weight loss, regular exercise, and nutrition education., (Copyright © 2023 by the American College of Sports Medicine.)

The dynamics of cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the onset of hypoglycemia may play a key role in hypoglycemia unawareness; however, there is currently a paucity of techniques that can monitor adult CBF with high temporal resolution. Herein, we investigated the use of diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) to monitor the dynamics of CBF during insulin-induced hypoglycemia in adults. Plasma glucose concentrations, cortisol levels, and changes in CBF were measured before and during hypoglycemia in 8 healthy subjects. Cerebral blood flow increased by 42% following insulin injection with a delay of 17 ± 10 min, while the onset of hypoglycemia symptoms was delayed by 24 ± 11 min. The findings suggest that the onset of CBF increments precedes the appearance of hypoglycemia symptoms in nondiabetic subjects with normal awareness to hypoglycemia, and DCS could be a valuable tool for investigating the role of CBF in hypoglycemia unawareness.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with inflammation as well as Vitamin D insufficiency. While Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory properties, relationships between Vitamin D and inflammatory markers remain unexplored in GDM. Therefore, this case--control study investigated adipocytokine and Vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and correlations in GDM and control women, as well as their neonates., Design/participants/measurements: seventy-three women participated: 36 GDM and 37 controls. Maternal samples were drawn at 31 weeks. Umbilical arterial and venous samples were collected at birth. 25(OH)D and adipocytokine concentrations were compared for GDM vs control maternal, umbilical arterial and venous samples. Correlations were explored between biochemical results, maternal and neonatal demographics., Results: Compared with age- and weight-matched control participants, GDM women had significantly lower concentrations of 25(OH)D (77·3 ± 24·3 vs 93·2 ± 19·2 nm/l; P = 0·009); adiponectin (17·5 ± 11·8 vs 34·1 ± 20·3 μg/ml, P < 0·001); resistin (25·4 ± 9·1 vs 31·9 ± 12·1 ng/ml, P = 0·045); and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) 13·9 ± 10·0 vs 21·0 ± 12·6 ng/ml, P = 0·038), while delivering 1 week earlier (38·2 ± 1·2 vs 39·5 ± 0·9 weeks, P < 0·001). GDM maternal 25(OH)D concentrations positively correlated with PAI-1, IL-8 and TNF-α concentrations. Umbilical 25(OH)D concentrations were not significantly different in GDM vs control offspring, whereas adiponectin, resistin and PAI-1 concentrations were significantly lower in GDM offspring., Conclusions: GDM women had lower 25(OH)D concentrations than controls, while neonatal umbilical concentrations of 25(OH)D did not differ. GDM maternal and GDM offspring had lower adiponectin, resistin and PAI-1 concentrations compared with controls. Results suggest that both GDM women and their offspring demonstrate abnormal adipocytokine patterns., (© 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: The costs associated with nutritious foods may be a barrier to healthy dietary choices and of particular concern to pregnancies complicated by diabetes. Therefore, a survey was conducted in a tertiary care diabetes and pregnancy clinic to compare the associated costs of actual food choices versus the cost of a constructed recommended diet., Methods: Women with types 1, 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) completed 24-hour dietary recalls under the supervision of the research coordinator (Actual Diet). A Recommended Diet for this population was constructed independent of participant responses. Actual and Recommended Diets were standardized per 2000 kcal, priced and compared for content and cost., Results: Seventy-five women participated: 27 with GDM, 29 with type 1 diabetes and 19 with type 2 diabetes. There were no significant cost differences between Recommended and Actual Diets food choices expressed per 2000 kcal: Recommended Diet $10.14±3.72; Actual Diet GDM: $11.30±3.88; Actual Diet type 1 diabetes: $9.00±3.16; Actual Diet type 2 diabetes: $10.24±3.92. Percentage of fibre intake was lower for Actual Diets than Recommended Diet for all groups, while percentage of protein intake was lower in Actual than Recommended Diet for women with type 1 diabetes., Conclusion: Clinical recommendations for healthy food choices may not be more expensive than actual choices made by pregnant women with diabetes., (Copyright © 2013 Canadian Diabetes Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)