224 results on '"Mark A. Canfield"'
Search Results
202. Changes in the birth prevalence of selected birth defects after grain fortification with folic acid in the United States: findings from a multi-state population-based study
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Laura J. Williams, Cara T. Mai, Joe Mulinare, Kay Pearson, Mark A. Canfield, Julianne S. Collins, Owen Devine, Russell S. Kirby, and Lorenzo D. Botto
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Embryology ,Down syndrome ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Time Factors ,Prenatal care ,Pyloric stenosis ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Folic Acid ,Pregnancy ,Epidemiology ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Neural Tube Defects ,Omphalocele ,business.industry ,Prenatal Care ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Teratology ,Confidence interval ,United States ,Population Surveillance ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Dietary Supplements ,Food, Fortified ,Female ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background Observational studies and clinical trials have suggested that periconceptional use of folic acid can reduce the risk of birth defects other than neural tube defects (NTDs). Using data reported by states to the National Birth Defects Prevention Network, we examined whether folic acid fortification might have decreased the prevalence of other specific birth defects. Methods For each of 16 birth defect categories selected for study, birth prevalence for two time periods was calculated with data submitted from a number of states in 1995-1996 ("pre-fortification") and 1999-2000 ("post-fortification"). Changes in birth prevalence between the two time periods were assessed by calculating prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each defect, and compared by maternal race/ethnicity and availability of prenatally diagnosed cases. Results We confirmed previously reported reductions in the birth prevalence of NTDs. In addition, we found modest, yet statistically significant, decreases in the birth prevalence for transposition of the great arteries(12%), cleft palate only (12%), pyloric stenosis (5%), upper limb reduction defects (11%), and omphalocele (21%). More substantial subgroup decreases were observed for renal agenesis among programs that conduct prenatal surveillance (28%), for common truncus among Hispanics (45%), and for upper limb reduction defects among Hispanics (44%). There were modest yet significant increases in the prevalence of obstructive genitourinary defects (12%) and Down syndrome (7%), but not among programs conducting prenatal surveillance for these defects. Conclusions These results suggest some modest benefit from the folic acid fortification on the prevalence of a number of non-NTD birth defects.
- Published
- 2005
203. Prevalence of nonsyndromic oral clefts in Texas: 1995-1999
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Jacqueline T. Hecht, S. Shahrukh Hashmi, Mark A. Canfield, D. Kim Waller, and Peter H. Langlois
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Cleft Lip ,Fortification ,Oral cavity ,Epidemiology ,Genetics ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Genetics (clinical) ,business.industry ,Public health ,Infant ,Odds ratio ,Texas ,Folic acid fortification ,Cleft Palate ,Hispanic ethnicity ,Female ,Congenital disease ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCLP) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO) are common complex birth defects affecting 4,000 newborns annually. We undertook a descriptive study of oral clefts in Texas, focusing on the effect of folic acid fortification and Hispanic ethnicity on the prevalence of oral clefts as these factors have not previously been described. Data on 896 infants with NSCLP and NSCPO born between 1995 and 1999 in Texas were compared to all births in Texas during the same period. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were calculated for maternal ethnicity, race, age, parity, public health region of residence, highest level of education, and infant gender. The effect of folic acid fortification on oral clefts was also examined. Compared with whites, adjusted POR were 0.97 (95% CI = 0.77–1.23) and 0.90 (95% CI 0.72–1.14) for NSCLP and 0.46 (95% CI = 0.30–0.72) and 0.62 (95% CI = 0.42–0.90) for NSCPO in foreign-born and US-born Hispanics, respectively. After fortification was implemented, the rate of NSCLP did not decrease. However, there was a 13% decrease in the prevalence of NSCPO (adjusted POR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68–1.15). Compared to whites, the rates in US-born and foreign-born Hispanic women were similar for NSCLP and much lower for NSCPO. The small reduction of 13% in NSCPO after folic acid fortification is imprecise and should be interpreted cautiously. Overall, it appears that folic acid fortification has had very little or no effect on the prevalence of oral clefts in infants born in Texas. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2005
204. Medical records vs. interview responses: a comparative analysis of selected variables for linked birth defect cases
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Mark A. Canfield, Tunu A. Ramadhani, D. Kim Waller, and Amy P. Case
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Adult ,Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Concordance ,Mothers ,Medical Records ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Interviews as Topic ,Epilepsy ,Pregnancy ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,business.industry ,Medical record ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Gestational diabetes ,Diabetes, Gestational ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Gestation ,Female ,business ,Kappa ,Developmental Biology ,Demography - Abstract
Background Data pertaining to birth defects are subject to certain limitations depending on the collection method. This study compares the agreement of data from medical records and maternal interviews. Methods The medical records and maternal interviews were linked for 1017 deliveries. Prevalence, concordance and kappa coefficients were calculated for maternal gestational and non-gestational diabetes, insulin use, seizures/epilepsy, Hispanic ethnicity, and infant/fetus sex. Results The prevalence of non-gestational diabetes was 4.3% in the medical records and 3.4% in the maternal interviews, with 98.1% agreement. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was 7.9% in medical records and 9.2% in maternal interviews, with 94.3% agreement. Similar prevalences and high levels of agreement were observed between the two systems for infant/fetus sex and mother's Hispanic ethnicity. Although high concordance was observed for seizures/epilepsy, kappa value was moderate. Conclusions The availability of two distinct sources of data provides an exceptional opportunity to compare and validate both data sources. We found that the data for certain variables from maternal interviews strongly agreed with information from medical records. However, the extent of that agreement depended on the type of variable measured. Our results suggest that for some variables such as demographic variables, researchers can use either of the two data sources. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 70:592–596, 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Published
- 2004
205. Evaluation of the jumonji gene and risk for spina bifida and congenital heart defects
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Kelly A. Volcik, Richard H. Finnell, Edward J. Lammer, Mark A. Canfield, Gary M. Shaw, and Huiping Zhu
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Heart Defects, Congenital ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Pilot Projects ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,White People ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Gene ,Spinal Dysraphism ,Genetics (clinical) ,business.industry ,Spina bifida ,Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ,Genetic Variation ,Exons ,Hispanic or Latino ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,medicine.disease ,Introns ,United States ,Endocrinology ,Multicenter study ,Case-Control Studies ,Congenital disease ,Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S ,business - Published
- 2004
206. Lack of association between ZIC2 and ZIC3 genes and the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in Hispanic populations
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Huiping Zhu, Wade M. Junker, Mark A. Canfield, Kate Hendricks, Stephen Brown, Richard H. Finnell, Edward J. Lammer, and Gary M. Shaw
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Genetics ,Homeodomain Proteins ,Neural tube ,Infant, Newborn ,Nuclear Proteins ,Hispanic or Latino ,Biology ,ZIC2 ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Hispanic population ,Female ,Neural Tube Defects ,Association (psychology) ,Gene ,Genetics (clinical) ,Transcription Factors - Published
- 2003
207. Folic acid awareness and use among women with a history of a neural tube defect pregnancy--Texas, 2000-2001
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Mark A, Canfield, James L, Anderson, D Kim, Waller, Susan E, Palmer, and Celia I, Kaye
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Adult ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Folic Acid ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Dietary Supplements ,Humans ,Female ,Prenatal Care ,Neural Tube Defects ,Preconception Care ,Texas - Abstract
The use of folic acid is a critical component in preventing birth defects. Health-care providers should take advantage of all health-care visits to counsel not only women at high risk (i.e., those with a history of having an infant with a neural tube defect [NTD]) but all women regarding the importance of folic acid use. A study conducted in Texas confirmed that white and Hispanic mothers were equally likely to recall receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid; however, Hispanic women were much less likely to use folic acid, compared with white women. This report covers data from May 2000 through November 2001. A study was conducted in Texas to determine whether women at high risk recall and follow recommendations to use folic acid. The study included 195 women at high risk and 223 control mothers who gave birth to infants without birth defects. These women participated in a telephone interview for a population-based case-control study of NTDs. Approximately 56.4% (110 of 195) of mothers who had infants affected by an NTD recalled receiving postpartum advice to use folic acid, compared with 25.6% (57 of 223) of control mothers (p0.01). Among nonpregnant case mothers, 54 (32.7%) of 165 reported regular use of supplements containing folic acid, and 53 (25.2%) of 210 nonpregnant control mothers reported this behavior (p = 0.11). Among case mothers, use of folic acid was significantly higher for whites (64.7%) versus Hispanics (16.5%) (p0.001); for women with some college education (57.1%) versus no college education (20.2%; p0.001); for women who were trying to get pregnant (66.7%) versus those using birth control (38.3%) or reporting using no contraceptive method (18.8%) (p = 0.001); and for women who reported receiving advice to use folic acid (40.9%) versus those who did not (22.2%; p = 0.01). Findings from this study support the need to implement NTD recurrence prevention activities in Texas. Data also identify a need for educational strategies in Texas that target Hispanic women at high risk, especially those who primarily speak Spanish. Further efforts should be made to determine why Hispanic women have low rates of folic acid use (e.g., the cost of vitamins and language and cultural barriers). On the basis of a review of research and current practice, recommendations developed by the Public Health Service include 1) women at risk for a recurrent NTD-affected pregnancy should take 0.4 mg of folic acidper day; and 2) if a woman at high risk is planning a pregnancy, she should consult her physician regarding taking the higher dose of 4.0 mg per day.
- Published
- 2002
208. Do infants with major congenital anomalies have an excess of macrosomia?
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Arlene M. Keddie, Mark A. Canfield, Angela E. Scheuerle, and Dorothy Kim Waller
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Male ,Embryology ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Birth weight ,Toxicology ,Atrial septal defects ,Encephalocele ,Fetal Macrosomia ,Holoprosencephaly ,Fetal macrosomia ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Omphalocele ,Models, Statistical ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,medicine.disease ,Great vessels ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background: Infants that develop congenital anomalies may also have an excess prevalence of macrosomia (birth weight ≥4,000 g). This may indicate that abnormalities of glycemic control play a role in the etiology of birth defects. This study was undertaken to determine whether all infants with congenital anomalies have an excess of macrosomia and whether it is confined to specific types of anomalies. Methods: A case-control study was conducted, comparing the birth weights of 8,226 infants with congenital anomalies ascertained by the Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division with those of 965,965 infants without birth defects. Odds ratios were calculated to determine the association between birth weight and congenital anomalies, for 45 specific defects, and for all these defects combined. Results: For all 45 defects combined, a significant association occurred only in the highest birth weight category. Infants with congenital anomalies were more likely than infants without birth defects to have a birth weight ≥4,500 g (OR = 1.65; 95% Cl = 1.39-1.96). Infants born with ventricular septal defects, atrial septal defects, ventricular hypertrophy, or anomalies of the great vessels were 1.5-2.5 times more likely to weigh ≥4,000 g than were infants without birth defects. Based on small numbers, a stronger excess of macrosomia was observed for infants with encephalocele, holoprosencephaly, anomalies of the corpus callosum, preaxial polydactyly, and omphalocele. Conclusions: Our data suggest that infants with specific congenital anomalies are more likely to be macrosomic than are infants without an anomaly. If these findings are confirmed, associations between macrosomia and specific types of birth defects may help to identify birth defects that are caused by alterations in glycemic control.
- Published
- 2001
209. Patterns of first-year survival among infants with selected congenital anomalies in Texas, 1995-1997
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D. Kim Waller, Mark A. Canfield, Wendy N. Nembhard, and Lowell E. Sever
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Embryology ,Microcephaly ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Cleft Lip ,Population ,Toxicology ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Anencephaly ,medicine ,Humans ,Diaphragmatic hernia ,Abnormalities, Multiple ,Registries ,education ,Tetralogy of Fallot ,Gastroschisis ,Hernia, Diaphragmatic ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Infant mortality ,Cleft Palate ,Down Syndrome ,Trisomy ,business ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Background: Few registry-based studies have investigated survival among infants with congenital anomalies. We conducted a registry-based study to examine patterns and probability of survival during the first year of life among infants with selected congenital anomalies. Methods: Data from the Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Division were merged with linked birth-infant death files for 2,774 infants born January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1997, with at least 1 of 23 common anomalies. Deaths before the first birthday were assessed from infant death files. Kaplan-Meier was used to estimate first-year survival; first-year survival was assessed for specific anomalies and by the number of life-threatening anomalies. Results: Overall, 80.8% of infants with these 23 anomalies survived the first year of life. We observed the highest survival rates for infants with gastroschisis (92.9%, 95% Cl = 86.8, 96.3), trisomy 21 (92.3%, 95% Cl = 89.5, 94.4) or cleft lip with or without cleft palate (87.6%, 95% Cl = 84.0, 90.5). Infants with intermediate survival rates included those with microcephaly (79.7%; 95% Cl = 73.6, 84.6), tetralogy of Fallot (75.0%; 95% Cl = 65.5, 82.2), or with diaphragmatic hernia (72.8%; 95% Cl = 61.8, 81.2). As expected, all infants with anencephaly and almost all infants with trisomy 13 or trisomy 18 died during the first year of life. First-year survival declined as the number of co-occurring life-threatening anomalies increased. Conclusions: Overall, first-year survival for infants with congenital anomalies was high. Additional population-based studies are needed to quantify improvements in first-year survival.
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- 2001
210. Frequency of prenatal diagnosis of birth defects in Houston, Galveston and the Lower Rio Grande Valley, Texas 1995
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Angela E. Scheuerle, Mark A. Canfield, M. A. Pujazon, Dorothy Kim Waller, and Janice L. B. Byrne
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Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Ethnic group ,Aneuploidy ,Black People ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Ethnic origin ,White People ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Abdominal wall ,Pregnancy ,Prenatal Diagnosis ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Gynecology ,Omphalocele ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Abortion, Induced ,General Medicine ,Hispanic or Latino ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business ,Trisomy ,Negroid - Abstract
Background: Estimates of the proportion of birth defects diagnosed before birth exist for only a few types of birth defects and for a few geographic regions in the United States. This population-based study examines rates of prenatal diagnosis for previously unstudied birth defects in a new geographic region. Methods: Active surveillance of 23 categories of birth defects among 111,902 infants born in 77 birthing hospitals in Texas in 1995 identified 852 infants or fetuses with major birth defects. Surveillance was conducted by the Texas Birth Defects Monitoring Program of the Texas Department of Health. Two regions were covered, the Houston/Galveston metropolitan area as well as the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Rates of prenatal diagnosis were evaluated for 23 different types of birth defects, using proportions and 95% confidence intervals. Results: One third of the 852 infants or fetuses with birth defects were prenatally diagnosed. Diagnosis rates varied greatly depending on the type of birth defects and were lower among infants born to Black and Hispanic women. More than 60% of anencephaly, encephalocele, gastroschisis and trisomies 13 and 18 were diagnosed antenatally. Many of the fetuses that were electively terminated had birth defects or combinations of birth defects that were potentially lethal. Prevalence rates for birth defects generally do not include fetuses that die or are electively terminated before 20 weeks of gestation. Thus, 36% of anencephaly, 21% of omphalocele, 15% of encephalocele and between 7 and 10% of spina bifida, hydrocephaly, renal agenesis, and trisomies 13, 18, and 21 were not included in our published rates. Conclusions: Published rates for specific types of birth defects are spuriously low. This should be considered when investigating alleged clusters and comparing rates of birth defects across geographic areas. Since many elective abortions are for lethal or potentially lethal birth defects, a major effect of prenatal diagnosis is the resultant decrease in infant mortality attributable to birth defects.
- Published
- 2000
211. Hispanic origin and neural tube defects in Houston/Harris County, Texas. II. Risk factors
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Sharon P. Cooper, F. Greenberg, Mark A. Canfield, Jean D. Brender, and J. F. Annegers
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Adult ,Male ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Epidemiology ,Prenatal diagnosis ,Prenatal care ,Risk Factors ,Anencephaly ,Mexican Americans ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Spinal Dysraphism ,Spina bifida ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Case-Control Studies ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,business - Abstract
Several investigators have reported Hispanics to be at elevated risk for neural tube defects (anencephaly and spina bifida). Factors contributing to this risk have not been established. The authors conducted a case-control study of neural tube defects (NTDs) among births occurring in Harris County, Texas, from April 1, 1989, through December 31, 1991. Through the use of multiple ascertainment methods, 59 cases of anencephaly and 32 cases of spina bifida were detected. Controls (n = 451) were sampled for the same time period from Harris County vital records. Regardless of how Hispanic ethnicity was classified, having a Hispanic parent was a risk factor for both anencepahly and spina bifida. The primary etiologic question was whether increased NTD risk in Hispanics is explained by maternal diabetes or by other factors (e.g., maternal birthplace, prenatal care, reproductive history, age, socioeconomic status). Mexico-born Hispanics were no more likely than Texas-born Hispanics to deliver a fetus or infant with an NTD. Having a Hispanic mother was a risk factor for anencephaly among infants born to women with early prenatal care (odds ratio (OR) = 4.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21-9.40) but not for those born to latecomers. Earlier prenatal care seemed "protective" for non-Hispanics (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.06-0.65) but not for Hispanics. After simultaneous adjustment for eight variables in multivariate analysis, having a Hispanic (versus non-Hispanic) mother remained a strong risk factor for both anencephaly (OR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.19-5.61) and spina bifida (OR = 3.71, 95% CI 1.48-9.31). Any previous pregnancy termination/fetal loss was also associated with anencephaly in a final logistic regression model (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.20-5.10), and having a teenage mother (aged < 20 years) approached significance (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 0.92-5.31). "Hispanic mother" was the only study variable significantly associated with spina bifida in multivariate analysis. Results for diabetes suggested no association with anencephaly (OR = 1.24, 95% CI 0.25-6.17). An increased risk of NTDs among Hispanics remained after controlling for other factors. For anencephaly, this risk might be partially explained by economic and cultural differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics, and the effect of these factors on rates of prenatal diagnosis and elective pregnancy termination.
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- 1996
212. Hispanic origin and neural tube defects in Houston/Harris County, Texas. I. Descriptive epidemiology
- Author
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F. Greenberg, Sharon P. Cooper, Jean D. Brender, J. F. Annegers, and Mark A. Canfield
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Male ,congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,Black People ,Prenatal diagnosis ,White People ,Central nervous system disease ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Anencephaly ,Mexican Americans ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,Socioeconomic status ,Fetal Death ,Spinal Dysraphism ,business.industry ,Spina bifida ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Confidence interval ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
High prevalences of anencephaly and neural tube defects (NTDs) have recently been recorded for several Texas counties bordering Mexico. In addition, a few investigators have reported Hispanics to be at elevated risk for NTDs (anencephaly and spina bifida). Factors contributing to this risk have not been established. The authors conducted a study of NTDs in Harris County, Texas, to determine the prevalence of each defect. Prevalence was established by identifying cases among resident live births and fetal deaths (stillbirths at > or = 20 weeks) occurring from April 1, 1989, through December 31, 1991. Using multiple case ascertainment methods, 59 cases of anencephaly and 32 cases of spina bifida were detected, resulting in prevalences of 3.8 (95% confidence interval 2.9-4.9) and 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.4-2.8) per 10,000 live births, respectively. The ratio of anencephaly prevalence to spina bifida prevalence was 2:1 in 1989, 1:1 in 1990, and 3:1 in 1991, with a significant difference in 1991. The female:male prevalence ratio was 1.0 for spina bifida and 2.2 for anencephaly, and was higher still for anencephaly among non-Hispanics (prevalence ratio = 5.6). For each defect, Hispanics experienced a prevalence approximately three times that of non-Hispanics. This ethnic difference was greater for males with anencephaly and for females with spina bifida. For anencephaly, the Hispanic:white/Anglo prevalence ratio (4.2) and the African-American:white/Anglo prevalence ratio (1.9) were greatly elevated and the Hispanic:African-American prevalence ratio (2.2) was similar, relative to comparable studies from the past two decades. The prevalence of anencephaly recorded for public hospitals (7.0 per 10,000) was three times greater than that for private hospitals (2.4 per 10,000). Spina bifida figures were similar for public (prevalence = 2.2 per 10,000) and private (prevalence = 2.0 per 10,000) hospitals. A significantly higher prevalence of both defects was documented among Hispanics in Harris County. The higher anencephaly rates among Hispanics, African-Americans, and those using public hospitals in an era of NTD screening, prenatal diagnosis, and elective pregnancy termination suggest that socioeconomic and perhaps cultural/religious factors might influence the recorded birth prevalence of this defect in particular groups.
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- 1996
213. Improved Survival Among Children with Spina Bifida in the United States
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Adolfo Correa, Chengxing Lu, Mikyong Shin, Csaba Siffel, Gary M. Shaw, Mark A. Canfield, and James E. Kucik
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Male ,Gerontology ,Adolescent ,Birth weight ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,White People ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Risk of mortality ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Registries ,Child ,Spinal Dysraphism ,Survival rate ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,Proportional hazards model ,Spina bifida ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Health Status Disparities ,Hispanic or Latino ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Black or African American ,Survival Rate ,Low birth weight ,Child, Preschool ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
Objective To evaluate trends in survival among children with spina bifida by race/ethnicity and possible prognostic factors in 10 regions of the United States. Study design A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 5165 infants with spina bifida born during 1979-2003, identified by 10 birth defects registries in the United States. Survival probabilities and adjusted hazard ratios were estimated for race/ethnicity and other characteristics using the Cox proportional hazard model. Results During the study period, the 1-year survival probability among infants with spina bifida showed improvements for whites (from 88% to 96%), blacks (from 79% to 88%), and Hispanics (from 88% to 93%). The impact of race/ethnicity on survival varied by birth weight, which was the strongest predictor of survival through age 8. There was little racial/ethnic variation in survival among children born of very low birth weight. Among children born of low birth weight, the increased risk of mortality to Hispanics was approximately 4-6 times that of whites. The black-white disparity was greatest among children born of normal birth weight. Congenital heart defects did not affect the risk of mortality among very low birth weight children but increased the risk of mortality 4-fold among children born of normal birth weight. Conclusions The survival of infants born with spina bifida has improved; however, improvements in survival varied by race/ethnicity, and blacks and Hispanics continued to have poorer survival than whites in the most recent birth cohort from 1998-2002. Further studies are warranted to elucidate possible reasons for the observed differences in survival.
- Published
- 2012
214. O-090
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Mayura Shinde, Scott Horel, Peter J. Weyer, Ann M. Vuong, Jean D. Brender, Paul A. Romitti, Jiji Kantamneni, Peter H. Langlois, Joseph R. Sharkey, John C. Huber, Lucina Suarez, and Mark A. Canfield
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Nitrate ,chemistry ,Epidemiology ,Offspring ,Biology - Published
- 2012
215. BIRTH FAR FROM A CARDIAC SURGICAL CENTER IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY FOR INFANTS WITH HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME
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Shaine A. Morris, Mary K. Ethen, Wendy N. Nembhard, David E Fixler, and Mark A. Canfield
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine ,Center (algebra and category theory) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,medicine.disease ,business ,Hypoplastic left heart syndrome ,Surgery - Published
- 2012
216. Surveillance methods, public health applications, and epidemiologic research using population-based birth defects registries
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Russell S. Kirby and Mark A. Canfield
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Embryology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental health ,Public health ,medicine ,Surveillance Methods ,Epidemiologic research ,Population based ,Toxicology ,business ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 2002
217. ETHNIC PREDILECTION OF HETEROTAXY SYNDROME: A POPULATION BASED STUDY OF THREE MILLION BIRTHS
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Lisa Marengo, Mark A. Canfield, David L.S. Morales, Heather A. Dickerson, Keila N. Lopez, and John W. Belmont
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Population based study ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Heterotaxy Syndrome ,business.industry ,Ethnic group ,medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Published
- 2011
218. Investigation of a measles outbreak in a fully vaccinated school population including serum studies before and after revaccination
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David O. Matson, Ralph D. Feigin, Carrie L. Byington, Paul Albrecht, and Mark A. Canfield
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Microbiology (medical) ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,education ,Population ,Attack rate ,Immunization, Secondary ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Booster dose ,Antibodies, Viral ,Measles ,Disease Outbreaks ,Neutralization Tests ,Risk Factors ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,education.field_of_study ,Chi-Square Distribution ,Schools ,business.industry ,Vaccination ,medicine.disease ,Rash ,Suburban Population ,Infectious Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,Female ,Measles vaccine ,Disease Susceptibility ,Seasons ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Vaccine failure - Abstract
A measles outbreak in early 1989 among approximately 4200 students at a high school and two intermediate schools in suburban Houston, TX, was investigated to evaluate reasons for vaccine failure and to predict the efficacy of a booster dose of measles vaccine. Seventy-seven cases occurred (71 at the high school, 6 at intermediate schools; attack rate, 3.2 and 0.3%, respectively). Vaccination in the first year of life an 13 to 14 years since last vaccination were independent risk factors for being a case. Forty-three (18%) of 239 sera collected from students just before revaccination during the outbreak were negative by enzyme immunoassay; a neutralization assay confirmed these 43 lacked antibody predicting protection against measles infection. Of 43 enzyme immunoassay-negative students 24 gave another blood sample 9 to 10 months after revaccination. Revaccination appeared to reduce the portion of all students with neutralization titers predicting susceptibility to measles illness with rash from 7.9% to 3.0% and left the portion predicted to be susceptible to illness without rash unchanged (45%).
- Published
- 1993
219. Prepregnancy Obesity as a Risk Factor for Structural Birth Defects
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Adolfo Correa, Charlotte A. Hobbs, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Mark A. Canfield, Gary M. Shaw, M. Shayne Gallaway, D. Kim Waller, and Anna Maria Siega-Riz
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Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Overweight ,Risk Assessment ,Body Mass Index ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Interviews as Topic ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Odds Ratio ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,education ,Maternal Welfare ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Spina bifida ,Gastroschisis ,Incidence ,Infant, Newborn ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Health Surveys ,United States ,Pregnancy Complications ,Case-Control Studies ,Population Surveillance ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Underweight ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Objective To describe the relation between maternal obesity, overweight and underweight status, and 16 categories of structural birth defects. Design An ongoing multisite, case-control study. Clinical geneticists reviewed all of the cases, excluding those that had or were strongly suspected to have a single-gene disorder or chromosomal abnormality. Mothers with preexisting diabetes were also excluded. Body mass index was based on maternal report of height and weight prior to pregnancy. Setting Eight participating states in the United States. Participants Mothers enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study who had index pregnancies between October 1, 1997, and December 31, 2002. Main Exposure Maternal obesity. Main Outcome Measures Crude and adjusted odds ratios. Results Mothers of offspring with spina bifida, heart defects, anorectal atresia, hypospadias, limb reduction defects, diaphragmatic hernia, and omphalocele were significantly more likely to be obese than mothers of controls, with odds ratios ranging between 1.33 and 2.10. Mothers of offspring with gastroschisis were significantly less likely to be obese than mothers of controls. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first population-based study of its scale to examine prepregnancy obesity and a range of structural birth defects. These results suggest a weak to moderate positive association of maternal obesity with 7 of 16 categories of birth defects and a strong inverse association with gastroschisis. The mechanisms underlying these associations are not yet understood but may be related to undiagnosed diabetes.
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- 2007
220. Sex ratios in infants with congenital anomalies
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Angela E. Scheuerle, D. Kim Waller, Arlene M. Keddie, and Mark A. Canfield
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Embryology ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Medicine ,Toxicology ,business ,Developmental Biology - Published
- 2002
221. A case–control study of maternal bathing habits and risk for birth defects in offspring
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Philip J. Lupo, A. J. Agopian, Laura E. Mitchell, D. Kim Waller, and Mark A. Canfield
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Bathing ,Adolescent ,Offspring ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Congenital Abnormalities ,03 medical and health sciences ,Habits ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Confidence Intervals ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Hyperthermia ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Gastroschisis ,integumentary system ,business.industry ,Spina bifida ,Obstetrics ,Research ,Case-control study ,Infant, Newborn ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Water ,Baths ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,United States ,Surgery ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Background Nearly all women shower or take baths during early pregnancy; however, bathing habits (i.e., shower and bath length and frequency) may be related to the risk of maternal hyperthermia and exposure to water disinfection byproducts, both of which are suspected to increase risk for multiple types of birth defects. Thus, we assessed the relationships between bathing habits during pregnancy and the risk for several nonsyndromic birth defects in offspring. Methods Data for cases with one of 13 types of birth defects and controls from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study delivered during 2000–2007 were evaluated. Logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for each type of birth defect. Results There were few associations between shower frequency or bath frequency or length and risk for birth defects in offspring. The risk for gastroschisis in offspring was increased among women who reported showers lasting ≥15 compared to Conclusions Our findings suggest that shower length may be associated with gastroschisis, but the modest associations with other birth defects were not supported by analyses of bath length or bath or shower frequency. Given that showering for ≥15 minutes during pregnancy is very common, further evaluation of the relationship between maternal showering habits and birth defects in offspring is worthwhile.
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222. AN EPIDEMIC OF PERINATAL LISTERIOSIS SEROTYPE 1b IN HISPANICS IN A HOUSTON HOSPITAL
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Raymond B. Wait, Morven S. Edwards, Judy N. Urteaga, Mark A. Canfield, Juan N. Walterspiel, and Carol J. Baker
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Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Resuscitation ,business.industry ,Infant, Newborn ,Hispanic or Latino ,medicine.disease_cause ,Texas ,Virology ,Infant, Newborn, Diseases ,Disease Outbreaks ,Microbiology ,Infectious Diseases ,Listeria monocytogenes ,Pregnancy ,Recien nacido ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Humans ,Medicine ,Female ,Listeriosis ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,business - Published
- 1985
223. Neural Tube Defects and Maternal Folate Intake Among Pregnancies Conceived After Folic Acid Fortification in the United States.
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Bridget S. Mosley, Mario A. Cleves, Anna Maria Siega-Riz, Gary M. Shaw, Mark A. Canfield, D. Kim Waller, Martha M. Werler, Charlotte A. Hobbs, and for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
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NEURAL tube defects ,VITAMIN B complex ,CHILD health services ,FOLIC acid deficiency ,FOOD supply ,DURATION of pregnancy ,PUBLIC health research ,LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Rates of neural tube defects have decreased since folic acid fortification of the food supply in the United States. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the associations between neural tube defects and maternal folic acid intake among pregnancies conceived after fortification. This is a multicenter, case-control study that uses data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1998–2003. Logistic regression was used to compute crude and adjusted odds ratios between cases and controls assessing maternal periconceptional use of folic acid and intake of dietary folic acid. Among 180 anencephalic cases, 385 spina bifida cases, and 3, 963 controls, 21.1%, 25.2%, and 26.1%, respectively, reported periconceptional use of folic acid supplements. Periconceptional supplement use did not reduce the risk of having a pregnancy affected by a neural tube defect. Maternal intake of dietary folate was not significantly associated with neural tube defects. In this study conducted among pregnancies conceived after mandatory folic acid fortification, the authors found little evidence of an association between neural tube defects and maternal folic acid intake. A possible explanation is that folic acid fortification reduced the occurrence of folic acid-sensitive neural tube defects. Further investigation is warranted to possibly identify women who remain at increased risk of preventable neural tube defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
224. The association between race/ethnicity and major birth defects in the United States, 1999-2007.
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Canfield MA, Mai CT, Wang Y, O'Halloran A, Marengo LK, Olney RS, Borger CL, Rutkowski R, Fornoff J, Irwin N, Copeland G, Flood TJ, Meyer RE, Rickard R, Alverson CJ, Sweatlock J, and Kirby RS
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- Birth Certificates, Humans, Population Surveillance, Prevalence, Risk Factors, United States epidemiology, Congenital Abnormalities ethnology, Ethnicity statistics & numerical data, Racial Groups statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the relationship between race/ethnicity and 27 major birth defects., Methods: We pooled data from 12 population-based birth defects surveillance systems in the United States that included 13.5 million live births (1 of 3 of US births) from 1999 to 2007. Using Poisson regression, we calculated prevalence estimates for each birth defect and 13 racial/ethnic groupings, along with crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs). Non-Hispanic Whites served as the referent group., Results: American Indians/Alaska Natives had a significantly higher and 50% or greater prevalence for 7 conditions (aPR = 3.97; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.89, 5.44 for anotia or microtia); aPRs of 1.5 to 2.1 for cleft lip, trisomy 18, and encephalocele, and lower, upper, and any limb deficiency). Cubans and Asians, especially Chinese and Asian Indians, had either significantly lower or similar prevalences of these defects compared with non-Hispanic Whites, with the exception of anotia or microtia among Chinese (aPR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.30, 3.33) and Filipinos (aPR = 1.90; 95% CI = 1.10, 3.30) and tetralogy of Fallot among Vietnamese (aPR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.32)., Conclusions: This is the largest population-based study to our knowledge to systematically examine the prevalence of a range of major birth defects across many racial/ethnic groups, including Asian and Hispanic subgroups. The relatively high prevalence of birth defects in American Indians/Alaska Natives warrants further attention.
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- 2014
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