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The application of bacteriophages as antibacterial agents has many benefits in the “post-antibiotic age”. To increase the number of successfully targeted bacterial strains, phage cocktails, instead of a single phage, are commonly formulated. Nevertheless, there is currently no consensus pipeline for phage cocktail development. Thus, although large cocktails increase the spectrum of activity, they could produce side effects such as the mobilization of virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. On the other hand, coinfection (simultaneous infection of one host cell by several phages) might reduce the potential for bacteria to evolve phage resistance, but some antagonistic interactions amongst phages might be detrimental for the outcome of phage cocktail application. With this in mind, we introduce here a new method, which considers the host range and each individual phage-host interaction, to design the phage mixtures that best suppress the target bacteria while minimizing the number of phages to restrict manufacturing costs. Additionally, putative phage-phage interactions in cocktails and phage-bacteria networks are compared as the understanding of the complex interactions amongst bacteriophages could be critical in the development of realistic phage therapy models in the future., This research study was supported by funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 813439.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most diagnosed cancer with the highest mortality rate each year globally. Although there are treatments for CRC, the development of resistance to therapies decreases the success of treatments. In vitro studies using the Caco-2 cell line have revealed the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a possible treatment for this disease. This study considered four researches that evaluated the proteomic profiles of cells of the Caco-2 line exposed to AgNPs. We performed a bioinformatics analysis to predict protein-protein interaction, hub genes, Gene Ontology (molecular function, biological process, and cellular components), KEGG pathways, analysis of expression, and immune cell infiltration. For these analyses, the STRING, DAVID, UALCAN, GEPIA2, and TISIDB databases were used. The results in Gene Ontology show that AgNPs cause a deregulation of genes related to cell-cell adhesion, the cytoplasm, the centriole, and carbon metabolism. Hub genes were identified, including GADPH, ENO1, EEF2, and ATP5A1, which showed differential expression in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Additionally, the expression of the hub genes and immune cells was correlated. It was found that ATP5A1 and ENO1 were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in colon adenocarcinoma and a negative correlation between GADPH and PDIA3 with the infiltration of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in rectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of AgNPs causes an alteration of biological processes, cellular components, metabolic pathways, deregulation of hub genes, and the activity of immune cells leading to a potential anticancer effect.

The misuse and overuse of antibiotics have boosted the proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which are considered a major public health issue in the twenty-first century. Phage therapy may be a promising way in the treatment of infections caused by MDR pathogens, without the side effects of the current available antimicrobials. Phage therapy is based on phage cocktails, that is, combinations of phages able to lyse the target bacteria. In this work, we present and explain in detail two innovative computational methods to design phage cocktails taking into account a given phage-bacteria infection network. One of the methods (Exhaustive Search) always generates the best possible phage cocktail, while the other method (Network Metrics) always keeps a very reduced runtime (a few milliseconds). Both methods have been included in a Cytoscape application that is available for any user. A complete experimental study has been performed, evaluating and comparing the biological quality, runtime, and the impact when additional phages are included in the cocktail.

International audience; Passive plasmonic metasurfaces enable image multiplexing by displaying different images when altering the conditions of observation. Under white light, three-image multiplexing with polarization selective switching has been recently demonstrated using femtosecond-laser-processed random plasmonic metasurfaces. Here, the implementation of image multiplexing is extended, thanks to a color search algorithm, to various observation modes compatible with naked-eye observation under incoherent white light and to four-image multiplexing under polarized light. The laser-processed random plasmonic metasurfaces enabling image multiplexing exhibit self-organized patterns that can diffract light or induce dichroism through hybridization between the localized surface plasmon resonance of metallic nanoparticles and a lattice resonance. Improved spatial resolution makes the image quality compatible with commercial use in secured documents, as well as the processing time and cost thanks to the use of a nanosecond laser. This high speed and flexible laser process, based on energy efficient nanoparticle reshaping and self-organization, produces centimeter-scale customized tamper-proof images at low cost, which can serve as overt security features.

The electrocoagulation (EC) process has been widely studied in recent years to remove a wide range of contaminants present in different types of water: fluorides, arsenic, heavy metals, organic matter, colorants, oils, and recently, pharmaceutical compounds. However, most of the studies have been aimed at understanding the process factors that have the most significant effect on efficiency, and these studies have been mainly on a batch process. Therefore, this review is focused on elucidating the current state of development of this process and the challenges it involves transferring to continuous processes and the recent exploration of its potential use in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants and its implementation with other technologies.

Objectives Several factors affect the quality of recovery from general anesthesia in horses. These can increase the likelihood of injury. Body and limb position during recovery may correlate with successful standing. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of and the factors associated with successful standing on the first attempt in horses undergoing general anesthesia. Study design Retrospective study. Methods Video of recovery and anesthetic records from 221 equine patients were reviewed by six veterinary students. Cases with poor video quality or incomplete anesthetic records were excluded. Demographic variables, type of procedure, perioperative drugs administered, assistance during recovery and body and limb positions during the first attempt to stand were recorded. Association between putative variables (including specific descriptors for body and limb position) and success for standing were analyzed using backwards logistic regression; significance set at 0.05. A decision tree for a successful attempt was created to be able to predict the outcome of a recovery attempt based on these variables. Results Extension of the carpal joints, head and neck alignment with the thoracic limbs, greater time in lateral recumbency, coordination during sternal recumbency, longer time to first attempt to stand and pelvic limb position were associated with successful standing on the first attempt. The association between extension of the carpal joints with wide base positioning of the pelvic limbs provided the best success rate for standing, whereas the association of flexed carpal joints and head and neck orientation different from the thoracic limbs resulted in a worse success rate. Conclusions and clinical relevance Results suggest that certain limb and body positions displayed by horses during recovery may be associated with the likelihood of successful standing at the first attempt. These variables may be useful for assessing recovery quality in future research.

Background Environmental psychological factors such as mood states can modify and trigger an organic response; depressive disorder is considered a risk factor for oncological development, leading to alterations both in the genesis and in the progression of the disease. Some authors have identified that personality relates to mood since a high score in neuroticism is associated with intense and long-lasting emotions of stress and therefore with the development of depressive behaviors. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between personality and depression in skin cancer patients. Methods A total of forty-seven clinically and histopathologically diagnosed patients were scheduled for an hour-long interview, during which they provided informed consent and sociodemographic information. The psychological questionnaires applied were the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and the clinical questionnaire for the diagnosis of the depressive syndrome. Results The patient’s mean age was 66.5 years (SD ± 12.4) and the majority were diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma (70.2%). The frequency of anxious/depressive symptoms was 42.5%, with an increase in depression scores in the female gender (p p = 0.002). Depressive symptomatologic portraits were correlated with the dimensions of neuroticism (p p = 0.003, r = 0.422) and lying (p = 0.028, r = − 0.321). Conclusions Our results support the hypothesis that personality dimensions are related to the presence of anxiety/depressive symptomatology in patients with skin cancer, especially in the female gender. Highlighting the need for future research that delves into the implications at the psychological level, the quality of life, and the biological mechanisms that link personality and depressive symptoms in the development and evolution of skin cancer.

This study proposes additional steps to evaluate and interpret oscillometric blood pressure monitors. 4-quadrant and Bland-Altman plots were created using mean arterial pressures (MAP) obtained every 2 min from 40 dogs from a previous study. New plots were created using values grouped every 10-min intervals instead of individual measurement. Using intervals improved the range of change in MAP assessed in 4-quadrant plots and the concordance between monitors and reduced the limits of agreement in Bland-Altman plots. Interpreting oscillometric MAP values over intervals rather than individual values may be a useful addition to traditional method-comparison studies and to clinical monitoring.

Small-scale treefall gaps are among the most important forms of forest disturbance in tropical forests. These gaps expose surrounding trees to more light, promoting rapid growth of understory plants. However, the effects of such small-scale disturbances on the distribution of plant water use across tree canopy levels are less known. To address this, we explored plant transpiration response to the death of a large emergent tree, Mortoniodendron anisophyllum Standl. &amp, Steyerm (DBH &gt, 220 cm, height ~40 m). Three suppressed, four mid-story, and two subdominant trees were selected within a 50 × 44 m premontane tropical forest plot at the Texas A&amp, M Soltis Center for Research and Education located in Costa Rica. We compared water use rates of the selected trees before (2015) and after (2019) the tree gap using thermal dissipation sap flow sensors. Hemispherical photography indicated a 40% increase in gap fraction as a result of changes in canopy structure after the treefall gap. Micrometeorological differences (e.g., air temperature, relative humidity, and vapor pressure deficit (VPD)) could not explain the observed trends. Rather, light penetration, as measured by sensors within the canopy, increased significantly in 2019. One year after the tree fell, the water usage of trees across all canopy levels increased modestly (15%). Moreover, average water usage by understory trees increased by 36%, possibly as a result of the treefall gap, exceeding even that of overstory trees. These observations suggest the possible reallocation of water use between overstory and understory trees in response to the emergent tree death. With increasing global temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns increasing the likelihood of tree mortality in tropical forests, there is a greater need to enhance our understanding of treefall disturbances that have the potential to redistribute resources within forests.

More than 4000 planets beyond our solar system have been confirmed since 1995. Transit, radial velocity, microlensing, imaging, orbital brightness, timing variation, and optical detection are most common for exoplanet detection. Optical detection implies several challenges in selecting the proper wavelength range, the small angular resolution star-planet, and the extremely low SNR of the planet near the star. We propose lab proof-of-concept using a rotationally shearing interferometer. This approach includes enhancing the star-planet SNR by hybrid optical and electronic techniques with simulated planet-star signals. The planet's signal is modulated and then detected by a lock-in amplifier, and the rotational shearing interferometer performance cancels the star's signal.

Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas. Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud Introduction: S. enterica is the etiological agent of salmonellosis, a disease that has a high incidence worldwide. The genotype sequence type (ST) 19 of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium, is the ancestral and most abundant genotype in the world. However, the ST213 genotype, first reported in Mexico, has replaced ST19 in this country. Our working group found that the emerging genotype of ST213 is more resistant than ST19 to conditions associated with food preservation, it has greater motility and resistance to antibiotics, as well as greater virulence, which constitutes a public health problem. On the other hand, the participation of proteins of the bacterial cytoskeleton MreBCD in the motility of this bacterium has been reported due to its incidence in the expression of the flagellar genes fliACDTZ and flhCD. The relevance of the association between these proteins lies in the fact that the virulence of the microorganism in the host is a function of factors that include motility mediated by flagella (about whose regulation little is known) and the genotype. General objective: To elucidate the participation of MreB in the flagellar function of S. enterica serotype Typhimurium in genotypes ST19 and ST213. Methodology: S. Typhimurium mreBCD, fliACDTZ and flhCD genes were amplified from genomic DNA of genotype ST19 and ST213 strains. The amplicons were sequenced and in silico translation performed. The amino acid sequences were aligned and compared between genotypes, to observe differences that resulted in structural changes, to use them in the generation of three-dimensional models of the selected proteins. From the established models, protein-protein interactions were predicted, based on geometric complementarity, to establish an interactome that explained the differential regulation pathway of MreBCD, on flagellar factors, in two different genotypes of S. Typhimurium. Introducción: S. enterica es el agente etiológico de la salmonelosis, enfermedad que presenta una alta incidencia a nivel mundial. El genotipo secuencia tipo (ST) 19 de S. enterica serotipo Typhimurium, es el genotipo ancestral y más abundante a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el genotipo ST213 reportado por primera vez en México, ha remplazado a la ST19 en este país. Nuestro grupo de trabajo encontró que el genotipo emergente de ST213, es más resistente que el ST19 a condiciones asociadas a preservación de alimentos, presenta mayo motilidad y resistencia a antibiótico, así como mayor virulencia, lo que constituye un problema de salud pública. Por otro lado, se ha reportado la participación de proteínas del citoesqueleto bacteriano MreBCD en la motilidad de esta bacteria por su incidencia en la expresión de los genes flagelares fliACDTZ y flhCD. La relevancia de la asociación entre estas proteínas, radica en que la virulencia del microorganismo en el hospedero, está en función de factores que incluyen la motilidad mediada por flagelos (de cuya regulación se sabe poco) y del genotipo. Objetivo general: Elucidar la participación de MreB en la función flagelar de S. enterica serotipo Typhimurium en los genotipos ST19 y ST213. Metodología: se amplificaron los genes de mreBCD, fliACDTZ y flhCD de S. Typhimurium, a partir de ADN genómico de cepas genotipo ST19 y ST213. Los amplicones se secuenciaron y se realizó la traducción in silico. Las secuencias aminoacídicas fueron alineadas y comparadas entre genotipos, a fin de observar diferencias que resultaran en cambios estructurales, para emplearlas en la generación de modelos tridimensionales de las proteínas seleccionadas. A partir de los modelos establecidos, se predijeron las interacciones proteína-proteína, basadas en la complementariedad geométrica, para establecer un interactoma que explicara la vía de regulación diferencial de MreBCD, sobre los factores flagelares, en dos genotipos diferentes de S. Typhimurium.

La migración es el desplazamiento con traslado de residencia de las personas desde un lugar de origen o de partida hacia a un lugar de destino o de llegada, que implica atravesar los límites de una división geográfica (UIECP y CELADE, 1985). Es un componente de la dinámica demográfica junto a la fecundidad y mortalidad, que contribuye doblemente a través de las entradas con la inmigración y con las salidas a través de la emigración. En las migraciones internas se incluye los desplazamientos de las personas que atraviesan los límites geográficos como las Divisiones Administrativas Mayores (DAM) y las Divisiones Administrativas Menores (DAME) que, si bien se compensan los desplazamientos de manera nacional, permite estimar los volúmenes, flujos, proporciones, saldos, tasas y características de la migración absoluta o reciente. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar, a manera de actualización, las principales niveles, tendencias y preferencias migratorias internas en Honduras en el periodo 1988-2013, medido a través de su cuantía y magnitud relativa, volúmenes, proporciones, saldos, tasas, flujos, lugares de atracción y expulsión, así como las nuevas configuraciones que están ocurriendo en los movimientos de las personas. La fuente de datos utilizada son los Censos de Población y Vivienda de Honduras (CNPV) de 1950 al 2013, en mayor medida tres, de los últimos veinticinco años. Los censos hondureños antes de 1974 utilizaron la modalidad de facto o de hecho, a partir de ese año han usado la modalidad de yure o de derecho e incluso los últimos dos han utilizado el concepto de hogar unidad doméstica. Esta investigación, con carácter descriptivo, pretende estudiar el fenómeno migratorio interno partiendo de datos censales que se generan de las bases de acceso abierto para construir o utilizar las matrices de migración a nivel de DAM (departamento) y DAME (municipio), tanto de la migración absoluta y reciente. Se utilizan tres preguntas básicas de los cuestionarios censales: lugar de nacimiento para la matriz de migración absoluta y lugar de residencia cinco años antes del censo para construir la matriz de migración reciente y, lugar de empadronamiento, para ambas matrices.

We introduce a new method for constructing copulas C—a special type of aggregation functions—based on the idea that C ( u , v ) = 0 if u ≤ g(v), for any continuous and decreasing function g : [ 0 , 1 ] ⟶ [ 0 , 1 ] such that g ( 1 ) = 0 , and C is linear if u ∈ [g(v), 1]. We also study the relationship between these copulas and other known families of copulas, we provide some salient properties and measure the dependence and asymmetry in this class of copulas.

Epidural and spinal anesthesia with a combination of local anesthetics and opioids (when available) is a commonly used technique in veterinary medicine and a safe one when practiced under strict guidelines. It is a valuable tool in the analgesic armamentarium and can greatly extend the ability to provide analgesia and reduce postoperative opioid requirements. As with all regional anesthetic techniques, clinical experience should be gained in order to practice it efficiently, and care should be taken to minimize the risks and complications associated with its use.

Motivated by optimization problems arising in the study of copula-based stochastic models, we study the extreme points (in the Krein–Milman sense) of the class of extreme biconic copulas and provide their characterization. Moreover, we show how this characterization may help in shedding light upon new aspects of biconic copulas, including their link with extreme-value copulas. The study is embedded into the more general setting of aggregation functions (especially, semi–copulas and quasi–copulas), where the determination of extreme points has also interest.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of atipamezole administered at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine to isoflurane-anesthetized cats. ANIMALS 6 adult (1 to 2 years old) domestic shorthair cats (body weight, 3 to 6 kg). PROCEDURES Each cat was anesthetized with isoflurane and rocuronium 3 times; there was a 1-week washout period between successive anesthetic procedures. For each anesthetic procedure, dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg) was administered IV. Five minutes after dexmedetomidine was administered, atipamezole (25 or 50 μg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution was administered IM. Pulse rate, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were measured during anesthesia before dexmedetomidine administration (baseline), after dexmedetomidine administration, and 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Pulse rate and MAP were also recorded when MAP was at its lowest value. Hemodynamic variables were compared among treatments at baseline, after dexmedetomidine administration, and after administration of atipamezole or saline solution. Effects of treatment and time on all variables were assessed with mixed-effects models. RESULTS Both doses of atipamezole resulted in a significantly lower MAP than did saline solution. Pulse rate, CO, and SVR were not significantly different among treatments after atipamezole or saline solution were administered. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Atipamezole administered IM at half the volume or the same volume as dexmedetomidine was ineffective at increasing pulse rate or CO in anesthetized cats that received dexmedetomidine. However, atipamezole caused short-lasting but severe arterial hypotension.

Resena de Alonso Jeronimo de Salas Barbadillo, El caballero puntual , edicion, estudio y notas de Jose Enrique Lopez Martinez, Madrid, Real Academia Espanola/Centro para la Edicion de los Clasicos Espanoles, 2016, 446 pp. ISBN: 978-84-617-6806-6

Geometrical and electronic properties of the main photosynthetic pigments in higher plants such as chlorophylls and xanthophylls were studied to find potential candidates that were able to participate in an eventual zeolite-dye artificial antenna. CRDFT (chemical reactivity density functional theory) and TD-DFT (time-dependent DFT) methods were employed in ground-state and excited-state calculations, respectively. The evaluated electronic properties at the gas phase included (a) energies such as HOMO-LUMO band gap (H-L, ranging from 2.168 to 2.504 eV), adiabatic ionization potential (I, ranging from 5.964 to 7.207 eV), and adiabatic electronic affinity (A, ranging from 2.176 to 2.741 eV); (b) global chemical reactivity indexes such as electronegativity (χ, ranging from 4.121 to 4.974 eV), hardness (η, ranging from 1.812 to 2.233 eV), electrophilicity index (ω, ranging from 4.365 to 5.541 eV), and electroaccepting-electrodonating powers (ω+, ranging from 1.671 to 2.115 eV, and ω−, ranging from 4.375 to 5.273 eV); (c) electron-hole reorganization energies (λ, ranging from 0.225 to 0.519 eV and ranging from 0.168 to 0.425 eV, respectively) and electron-hole extraction potentials (EEP, ranging from 2.570 to 2.966 eV, and HEP, ranging from 5.538 to 7.012 eV, respectively); and (d) local chemical reactivity indexes like condensed Fukui functions (fk), condensed dual descriptor (f2r), and condensed local softness (sk). These electronic properties allowed the association between molecules and reactivity-selectivity criteria, under the context of charge transfer and electronic transitions. Also, the aforementioned electronic properties were determined for combinations made with the selected molecules (β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin) and 5 solvents (n-hexane, diethyl ether, acetone, ethanol, and methanol) with upward dielectric constants (ε). From frequency calculations, IR spectra were obtained for combinations. Finally, excited-state computations were carried out to acquire UV-Vis spectra of the combinations. We conclude that the selection of dyes is controlled mainly by geometrical constraints rather than by electronic properties.

To assess the ability to visually detect fade during train-of-four (TOF) or double burst stimulation (DBS) in anesthetized dogs recovering from nondepolarizing neuromuscular block.Online anonymous survey.Data from 112 participants.A web-based survey containing 12 videos of the response to ulnar nerve stimulation with TOF and 12 with DBS obtained at different levels of recovery from rocuronium-induced block was distributed to participants of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia and the Academy of Veterinary Technicians in Anesthesia and Analgesia e-mail lists. Participants were asked to provide their highest training degree in anesthesiology, watch each video no more than twice, and determine whether fade was present. The probability to correctly recognize fade was calculated using binomial general linear models. General linear models and Tukey's tests were used to assess the effects of level of neuromuscular block, pattern of stimulation, and observers' training on the probability to detect fade.The survey was completed by 53 diplomates, 29 licensed veterinary technicians, 24 residents and six doctors of veterinary medicine (DVMs). The probability to detect fade decreased as partial neuromuscular block became more shallow (p0.0001). A TOF or DBS ratio of 0.7 had a 50% chance of being detected. DBS was superior to TOF for detecting fade when the ratio was 0.3-0.69. TOF was superior to DBS when the ratio was 0.7-0.9 (p0.0001). There were no differences among groups of observers when assessing fade with TOF or DBS.Detection of fade from observations of the response to TOF in dogs is unreliable. Advance training in anesthesiology or the use of DBS confers little to no advantage for this subjective test.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the sedative and some physiological effects of tiletamine?zolazepam following buccal administration (BA) in cats. Methods: Seven healthy spayed European Shorthair cats (three males, four female) were studied twice in this randomized, blinded, crossover study. Each cat received two doses of tiletamine?zolazepam by BA: the low-dose (LD) consisted of 5 mg/kg of each drug, and the high dose (HD) consisted of 7.5 mg/kg of each. Baseline systolic blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR) and a sedation score were recorded prior to administration of each treatment. The same variables plus the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO 2 ) were recorded at predefined intervals for the next 2 h. Results: All cats completed the study. No retching or vomiting were observed. Hypersalivation was observed in 0/7 and 3/7 for LD and HD, respectively (P = 0.2). There were significant changes in scores over time for posture, response to clippers and response to manual restraint for both groups, without differences between groups. RR, HR and SAP changed significantly over time. SAP and RR were significantly lower for HD than for LD. No values for hemoglobin saturation

En este trabajo se analiza la estructura interna del cuento “Nadie encendia las lam- paras” del escritor uruguayo Felisberto Hernandez. Se propone que la estructura del relato corto se basa en diferentes simbolos relacionados mediante los mecanismos de contiguidad. El color rojo, la luz y la humedad se unen de esta forma y forman un marco implicito. El autor crea dos niveles de lectura, que se pueden explicar debido a los conceptos musicales de armonia y melodia.

In this note we provide an answer to some open problems concerning perturbations of the product copula in terms of convex strong negations. We also approach the case in higher dimensions.

In this paper, we provide lower and upper bounds on the degree of asymmetry of a copula with respect to a track—a continuous and strictly increasing curve in the unit square—, generalizing the problem with respect to the main diagonal. We also study an average asymmetry in sections for given tracks. Finally, we also give an asymmetry map with respect to the opposite diagonal.

En los ecosistemas forestales nativos, los hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) cumplen una función de interfase suelo – planta, ayudando a la adaptación de las especies vegetales ante situaciones de estrés. En Chile existe escasa información en el bosque esclerófilo de la zona central, por lo que se propuso identificar y cuantificar las esporas de HMA en suelo rizosférico para las especies Beilschmiedia miersii, Peumus boldus, Citronella mucronata y de un sitio sujeto a rehabilitación ecológica debido a la acción minera, denominado “El Gallo”, presentes en la cordillera de la costa de la región de Valparaíso. Se colectó muestras de la rizósfera de las tres especies y del sitio en rehabilitación y se sometieron a análisis morfométrico; tamizado a 63, 149 y 297 µm y filtrado, con conteo de esporas en 50 g de suelo rizosférico en invierno (agosto de 2019) y verano (enero de 2020). Se identificó los géneros Glomus sp. y Acaulospora sp. y se determinó que la densidad de esporas HMA/ 50 g de suelo en el sitio El Gallo en tamizado a 149 y 297 µm fue menor con respecto de la densidad que presentaron las muestras de suelo rizosférico de las tres especies esclerófilas. Estos resultados establecen un valor de referencia respecto a la densidad de esporas presentes para la gestión de mejoras en la cantidad y diversidad de HMA en un manejo de sucesión de especies del bosque nativo esclerófilo.

To compare the effects of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiOProspective, randomized study.A total of 30 dogs undergoing unilateral stifle surgery.Using a standardized anesthetic protocol, dogs were assigned to either FiOThe PaOCompared with dogs ventilated with FiO

Consider a nondecreasing homeomorphisms f defined on [0, 1] such that $$f(x)

This study examined the association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (This study enrolled 171 subjects, divided into two groups: healthy subjects and gingivitis patients.Our data demonstrate that the

COVID-19 pandemic has changed the normal course of activities around the World. The measures implemented to slow down the spread of the disease and its impact on the health system have also suggested a change in population dynamics. In the educational aspect, the paradigm of the traditional education had to change completely to a remote environment, representing a challenge for students, teachers, and education institutions. In this work we report the students’ response to the actions taken by the faculty of the Chemistry Sciences School of Universidad La Salle México to face online courses ensuring student accompaniment. After the term, a qualitative and quantitative study was performed to the school population using an electronic survey to address the response of students to the applied strategy. Data was analyzed using SPSS® software. 266 responses were obtained, which represents a response rate of 44%. 75.6% of the alumni reported having a good or excellent disposition regarding virtual sessions. Likewise, 48.9% reported adapting appropriately to the remote working modality. Also, 83.5% of students recognize the labor of the teachers by acknowledging that their effort and dedication was excellent or good. Students showed development of soft skills such as self-time and learning management; written, oral and technological communication. These results suggest the advantages perceived by students during the transition to virtual modality, mostly oriented to self-management of their learning and that could conform the basis for the development of new strategies that can be useful not only for a contingency situation, but also in the structuration and innovation of science programs.

Nowadays, polymeric matrix composite materials are used in multiple applications. One of the important areas of application is in the aeronautical sector, due to the relatively low density of the combined materials; these compounds have good mechanical properties, comparable to metallic materials, but providing additional benefits. The objective of this work is to carry out the experimental tests and the numerical analysis of the structure of the alternative composite material to be used to repair of the flight surfaces of CIDFAE aircraft. A widely extended vacuum bagging process was used to obtain a more homogeneous compound, thus reducing defects in processing, better controlling the fiber fraction and the overall thickness of the compound. Specimens of epoxy resin reinforced with layers of flat fabric of three different fibers of: carbon, glass and aramid, in different orientations, were made, which were tested for traction, bending and impact to determine their mechanical properties. It has been shown that the results obtained by analytical methodology and the finite element method are approximate to the results obtained with destructive tests. The experimental results show that the tensile strength values are higher in epoxy resin materials reinforced with 4 layers of carbon fiber in orientation 0 ° -90 °., En la actualidad, los materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica son utilizados en múltiples aplicaciones, una de las áreas más importantes de aplicación es en el sector aeronáutico, debido a la relativamente baja densidad que tienen los materiales combinados. Estos compuestos tienen buenas propiedades mecánicas, comparables con materiales metálicos, pero que aportan beneficios adicionales. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer los ensayos experimentales y el análisis numérico de la estructura del material compuesto alternativo para emplearlos en la reparación de las superficies de vuelo de aeronaves del CIDFAE. Se manejó un proceso ampliamente extendido de envasado al vacío (vacuum bagging) para obtener un compuesto más homogéneo, Lo que redujo los defectos en el procesamiento, y controló mejor la fracción de las fibras y el espesor global del compuesto. Se elaboraron probetas de resina epóxica reforzada con capas de tejido plano de tres fibras distintas de: carbono, vidrio y aramida, en diferentes orientaciones, que fueron ensayadas a tracción, flexión e impacto para determinar sus propiedades mecánicas. Se ha demostrado que los resultados conseguidos mediante la metodología analítica y el método de elementos finitos son aproximados a los resultados que se obtienen con ensayos destructivos. Los resultados experimentales muestran que los valores de resistencia a la tracción son mayores en los materiales de resina epóxica reforzados con 4 capas de fibra de carbono en orientación 0°-90°.

Abstract: Health systems worldwide consider cancer a disease that causes the highest number of deaths per year. The low efficacy of current cancer therapies has led other areas of science to search for new alternatives, including nanomaterial sciences. Selenium nanoparticles have anticancer activity, as revealed by in vitro tests performed on prostate, breast, cervical, lung, colorectal, and liver cancer cell lines. Studies attribute anticancer activity to the anti-metastatic effect due to the inhibition of migration and invasion processes. The antiproliferative effect is the low expression of molecules such as cyclin D1, cyclin E, and CDK2. In addition to the activation of cell apoptosis by caspase-dependent mechanisms, there is a low expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and a high expression of the apoptotic proteins like Bax and Bad. Other studies attribute anticancer activity to the activation of cell necroptosis, where molecules such as TNF and IRF1 participate. The pharmacological potential of selenium nanoparticles depends primarily on the administered dose, particle size, and chemical composition. Furthermore, several studies have shown that the administration of these nanoparticles is safe due to their low toxicity in non-cancerous cells. In this review, the most relevant antecedents on the anticancer potential of selenium nanoparticles in prostate, breast, cervical, lung, liver, and colorectal cancer cell lines are discussed.

Periodontal disease refers to inflammation of the tissues that support the tooth. It is of multifactorial etiology. Innate and adaptive immune cells participate jointly through the release of their molecules and mechanisms of action in order to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissues, so the host's immune response plays an essential role in defense against microorganisms. However, bacterial persistence and the dysregulation of the immune system as an exaggerated response can lead to the worsening of periodontal disease, leading to loss of gingival tissue and alveolar bone and thereby loss of teeth. Therefore, a better understanding of the cellular mechanisms involved in the development of periodontal disease is necessary to design new treatments and prophylactic measures in order to decrease the prevalence of this disease that afflicts a large part of the world population.

We evaluated the use of lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia (LEA) in dogs undergoing caesarean section over 10 years.Anaesthetic records were reviewed and divided into two treatment groups: LEA and control. Outcome variables identified a priori as potentially affected by LEA were compared between groups. Results are frequency or median (minimum-maximum).Ninety-five dogs received LEA and 87 did not. LEA consisted of 0.2 (0.1-0.3) ml/kg containing bupivacaine (n = 63), ropivacaine (n = 15), or lidocaine (n = 12) at concentrations ranging between 0.06% and 2%. Morphine, fentanyl, or buprenorphine were used as part of LEA. Groups were similar for demographic variables (all p0.06). Intravenous opioids were used more often in control than in LEA (p0.0005). Incidence of hypotension (MAP60 mm Hg) was LEA 68% and control 56% (p = 0.12). Duration of hypotension was longer in LEA (p = 0.03). Use of crystalloids and vasoactive drugs did not differ (all p0.1). Time from induction to operating room was 30 (8-75) min for control and 35 (18-65) min for LEA (p = 0.003).LEA during caesarean section in dogs was associated with lower rates of opioid administration and did not exacerbate the incidence of hypotension.

World-class companies are always looking to minimize their production costs. One of these costs is the distribution of materials in the production lines. This article addresses a real problem of material handling in a chemical company through 14 reactors where each reactor has a specific demand. The case study uses a hydraulic skid and a forklift to move material through the plant without a specific route, resulting in a high cost for material handling because when the operator cannot meet the demand at one of the reactors, he has to return to the warehouse to pick up material and continue with delivery. To solve the problem, we use the Traveling Agent Problem (TSP) as a mathematical model to create an a priori route that helps make sub routes using two solution methods: Branch and Bound and Simulated Annealing. The results show that Branch and Bound works better at finding a solution faster than the Simulated Annealing model.

La presente investigación busca analizar la responsabilidad empresarial al declararse en insolvencia punible o fraudulenta a fin de evitar cumplir con sus obligaciones tributarias, así como con sus acreedores, además de identificar el modus operandi del infractor. Para lograr este cometido, se realiza un estudio analítico de casos ocurridos en Ecuador a fin de determinar falencias en la normativa del delito penal económico y proponer reformas a la ley que permitan disminuir este tipo de delitos. Para esto se debe realizar una reforma al COIP donde se incluya el delito económico de la insolvencia fraudulenta y sus diversas modalidades, ampliar en el delito de insolvencia la conducta típica del infractor, que el Estado no debe asumir la deuda de las empresas que se declaran en insolvencia y prohibir a los altos funcionarios de ser parte o crear nuevas empresas en el país, así mismo de participar en obras o contratación con el Estado.

BACKGROUND Information regarding the anaesthetic management for pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty (PBV) in dogs is scarce. We present data from dogs receiving dexmedetomidine combined with inhalational anaesthesia during PBV. METHODS Anaesthetic records from dogs receiving dexmedetomidine (n = 11) and a control group (n = 29) anaesthetised for PBV between 2012 and 2020 were analysed. Intraoperative variables potentially affected by dexmedetomidine administration were compared between groups. RESULTS Demographic characteristic and anaesthetic agents administered were similar between groups. The incidence of hypotension (mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mm Hg) was 25% for dexmedetomidine and 29% for control (p = 0.8); however, dexmedetomidine group received vasopressors for a shorter time (p = 0.02). The incidence of bradycardia was 100% and 96% for dexmedetomidine and control (p = 0.5), but antimuscarinic agents were administered more frequently to the latter (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine may be a useful adjuvant to general anaesthesia during PBV in dogs and reduced the use of vasopressors and antimuscarinics.

Obesity is the result of a complex combination of psychological, biological, and environmental factors. In this work, we evaluate whether obesity is related to eating habits, depressive symptomatology, as well as interleukin-8 and cortisol. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 232 university students. All youths were surveyed to determine their eating habits and depressive symptomatology. Anthropometric measures and a blood sample were taken to determine its biochemical profile and its concentration of interleukin-8 and cortisol. The results show that interleukin-8 increase in the overfat group. The altered eating behaviors were frequent in the studied group; they were associated with the presence of obesity and the variation of interleukin-8 and cortisol. Besides, we found correlations of interleukin-8 with age, glucose, and lipid profile in the overfat group. In conclusion, these results indicate that high adiposity is related to changes in the concentrations of interleukin-8 and eating habits, confirming that obesity is the consequence of a complex network of various factors.

We evaluated the agreement between oscillometric and direct blood pressure monitors in anesthetized dogs and evaluated the ability of the oscillometric method to detect MAP60 mmHg. Forty client-owned dogs, three months to 14 years old, 4.6-50.2 kg, under general anesthesia were studied. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were measured directly via an arterial catheter and with an oscillometric cuff (Cardell Touch monitor). Paired values were compared with mixed effect models. Bias and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. The sensitivity and false negative rate to detect hypotension (invasive MAP60 mmHg) using an oscillometric MAP60 and 70 mmHg were calculated. A receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was constructed and the area under the curve calculated. SAP and DAP differed between methods (both P 0.001), but MAP did not (P = 0.5). Bland-Altman plots showed small biases but wide LOA for all variables. The sensitivity to detect hypotension was 40% with a false negative rate of 60% when using an oscillometric MAP60 mmHg, and 68% and 32%, respectively, with a MAP70 mmHg. The area under the ROC curve for MAP was 0.82. While the oscillometric MAP did not differ from invasive values, the device failed to recognize hypotensive events when 60 mmHg was used as the threshold to detect hypotension. Higher MAP values increased the ability to correctly recognize hypotension, but at the expense of a higher incidence of false positives.