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Lei Cai,1 Yan Li,2 Xue-wen Yang,1 Xiao Lian,1 Man Guo,1 Shu-ao Xiao,1 Wen-bin Wang,1 Hong-wei Zhang1 1Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 2Department of Anesthesiology, Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China Background: The mucinous component is a special histologic factor in gastric adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of mucinous component in gastric adenocarcinoma according to proportion.Patients and methods: Candidate patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were given radical D2 gastrectomies from September 2008 to May 2015 in our division. Clinicopathologic data and prognosis were monitored and analyzed among gastric adenocarcinoma patients with various proportions of mucinous component.Results: A total of 690 gastric adenocarcinomas with various proportions of mucinous component from 6,025 gastric adenocarcinoma patients were included. Higher numbers of patients with mucinous component came from: young patients, females, those with drinking history, at lower locations, Borrmann type III and IV, T4 stage, and positive for dissected lymph nodes. Tumors and pathological molecular markers showed more positivity in CEA, CA19-9, S100, and CD34. As the various proportions increased, more mucinous component seemed to be accompanied by more Borrmann type III and IV, T4 stage, and more positive expression of CEA and CA19-9. However, no significant difference in 5-year overall survival rate was observed among various proportions or existence of mucinous component. Also, proportion or existence of mucinous component was not an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Mucinous component was not a prognostic factor for gastric adenocarcinoma after radical D2 gastrectomy, no matter what proportion the component comprised. However, gastric adenocarcinoma with mucinous component showed specific clinicopathological characteristics, such as more advanced tumor stage, different age and sex, and more positive rate of molecular markers, which might provide a new strategy for optimal individual diagnosis and therapies. Keywords: mucinous component, mucinous gastric carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma with mucinous component, pure gastric adenocarcinoma, radical D2 gastrectomy, prognosis&nbsp

Lithium dendrites cause poor cycling performance and serious safety hazards, hindering the realization of lithium metal-based batteries. In this study, we developed a new substrate-influenced deposition strategy to turn Li deposits into a 3D unoriented dispersion pathway for dendrite-free lithium anodes. MnO2 nanosheets with high Li+-adsorption-ability were directly grown on the surface of a Cu foil, which could serve as a highly active and highly rough substrate for homogeneous current density distribution and the uniformity of Li-ions. Moreover, after the first discharging process at the pre-treatment stage, uniform LiMnO2 nanocrystals could be reduced in situ, which provided plenty of active sites for Li nucleation. The Li deposition first followed a randomly-oriented 3-D nucleation to adapt itself to the dispersed LiMnO2 nanocrystals. Very fine randomly oriented particles were thus obtained, which could grow and coalesce into a compact Li layer. As a result, the unique 3D deposition pathway could effectively suppress the formation of dendrite and mossy lithium and improve the performance, namely, stable cycling with low overpotential, high coulombic efficiency and long cycling life. This study provides a new avenue for designing a dendrite-free Li metal anode by changing the lithium deposition pathway.

This study is predominantly about the differences in shale pore structure and the controlling factors of shale gas content between Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian from the upper Yangtze plate, which are of great significance to the occurrence mechanism of shale gas. The field emission scanning electron microscopy combined with Particles (Pores) and Cracks Analysis System software, CO2/N2 adsorption and the high-pressure mercury injection porosimetry, and methane adsorption were used to investigate characteristics of overall shale pore structure and organic matter pore, heterogeneity and gas content of the Lower Paleozoic in southern Sichuan Basin and northern Guizhou province from the upper Yangtze plate. Results show that porosity and the development of organic matter pores of the Lower Silurian are better than that of the Lower Cambrian, and there are four main types of pore, including interparticle pore, intraparticle pore, organic matter pore and micro-fracture. The micropores of the Lower Cambrian shale provide major pore volume and specific surface areas. In the Lower Silurian shale, there are mesopores besides micropores. Fractal dimensions representing pore structure complexity and heterogeneity gradually increase with the increase in pore volume and specific surface areas. There is a significant positive linear relationship between total organic carbon content and micropores volume and specific surface areas of the Lower Paleozoic shale, and the correlation of the Lower Silurian is more obvious than that of the Lower Cambrian. The plane porosity of organic matter increases with the increase in total organic carbon when it is less than 5%. The plane porosity of organic matter pores is positively correlated with clay minerals content and negatively correlated with brittle minerals content. The adsorption gas content of Lower Silurian and Lower Cambrian shale are 1.51–3.86 m3/t (average, 2.31 m3/t) and 0.35–2.38 m3/t (average, 1.36 m3/t). Total organic carbon, clay minerals and porosity are the main controlling factors for the differences in shale gas content between Lower Cambrian and Lower Silurian from the upper Yangtze plate. Probability entropy and organic matter plane porosity of the Lower Silurian are higher than those of Lower Cambrian shale, but form factor and roundness is smaller.

Developing high-efficient non-noble metal-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an inevitable way to improve Zinc-air batteries' performance (ZAB). Herein, we report a Cu3P/MoP electrocatalyst (Cu3P/MoP@C) supported by hollow-porous-carbon nanospheres displaying high electrocatalytic activity and exceptional durability in alkaline media. The optimized ORR catalyst outperformed the benchmark Pt/C (20 wt%) and most recently reported Cu-/Mo-based catalysts in various aspects. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that the excellent ORR performance originates from the charge transfer between of Cu3P and MoP species. Besides, the large specific surface area of Cu3P/MoP@C with mesoporous structure is particularly advantageous for the inner surface contact with electrolyte to accelerate ORR kinetics. Moreover, Cu3P/MoP@C also exhibits a large power density of 156 mW cm−2, a high round-trip efficiency, and superb stability over 231 h superior to Pt/C in the ZAB. This work offers a scalable and promising approach for the rational fabrication of hollow porous structure materials.

CO2 reduction with green H2 is an attractive way to produce fuels or chemicals. Owing to the complexity of the reaction network of CO2 hydrogenation, various products could be generated. Understanding the origin of CO2 hydrogenation selectivity is critical to rationally design catalysts with high activity and desired selectivity. Here, through a systematic investigation of the size-dependent catalytic performance of Ni-based catalysts, the primary pathway for Ni-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation, i.e., the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) followed by H2-assisted CO dissociation and hydrogenation pathway, is experimentally determined. The rate-determining step in the CO2 methanation reaction is identified to be H2-assisted CO dissociation. Therefore, the activation barrier of H2-assisted CO dissociation can be employed as a quantitative descriptor of CH4 selectivity. The identification of an experimental accessible quantitative descriptor sheds light on the rational design of high-efficient heterogeneous catalysts with fine-tuned product selectivity.

The theoretical energy density, stability and cost of Zn-air batteries (ZAB) are far inferior to the most advanced lithium-ion batteries due to the irreversibility of zinc electrodes and sluggish electrocatalytic performance of oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution (OER) processes. Herein, we designed a simple strategy to fabricate a quaternary Zn–Co–N–S co-doped tubular carbon (0.3-Zn-Co-N/S–C) via direct pyrolysis of various mixtures of precursors. The high porosity of 3D nanostructure not only provides better mass transfer but also offers a large number of active sites thereof superior ORR and OER performances. As a result, the rechargeable ZAB fabricated using optimized 0.3-Zn-Co-N/S–C as cathode exhibited a higher open-circuit voltage, stable discharge rate, and better reversibility, even exceeding the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst in alkaline solution. The catalytic mechanism indicates that the synergistic effect of Co metal nanoparticles, Co–N/Zn–N active sites, and the high-yield of N/S-doped tubular carbon dominate the outstanding catalytic performance.

This study investigated the diachronic and synchronic distributions of the two types of adjectivization in English: nominal group adjectivization and participle adjectivization. The research based on the Corpus of Historical American English (COHA) finds that -ion nouns will be adjectivized to the classifier use, then to the epithet use in nominal groups and finally to the predicative use, and that participles have the potential to be adjectivized to the epithet use and then to the predicative use. However, not all the modifier uses of the nominal group adjectivizations will shift to the predicative uses because nominal group adjectivizations typically function as classifier in nominal groups. The research based on the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) finds that nominal group adjectivizations tend to occur in formal academic texts because nominal group adjectivizations increase the lexical density whereas participle adjectivizations are oppositely distributed because participle adjectivizations function mostly as interpersonal epithet and the speaker involvement is not a characteristic feature of academic writing. The reason why the classifier uses of the nominal group adjectivizations do not have priority over the predicative uses in the hard science texts is that noun classifiers prefer to occur more in the hard science texts than in the soft science texts.

Neighborhood environment has proven to be consequential for older Americans’ physical, mental and cognitive health. However, this topic is much less studied among older Asian immigrants, a fast growing immigrant group who embrace values of collectivism and community connections. The current study used the first wave data (N=2920) of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE), the largest population-based sample of Chinese older adults in the U.S., 1) to examine the direct associations between neighborhood environment (social cohesion, physical disorder) and health outcomes (self-rated health, depression, and cognitive health); and 2) to identify possible mediators at intrapersonal (sense of hopelessness, sense of mastery) and interpersonal levels (social engagement, cognitive engagement) through which neighborhood environment influences health. The results of Sobel tests from path analysis showed that neighborhood social cohesion was associated with better health outcomes on all the domains: self-rated health (b= 0.050, p

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a member of pentameric ligand-gated ion channel transmembrane protein composed of five subunits, is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system. The nAChRs are associated with various neurological diseases, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy and neuralgia. Receptors containing the α3 subunit are associated with analgesia, generating our interest in their role in pharmacological studies. In this study, α-conotoxin (α-CTx) LvIF was identified as a 16 amino acid peptide using a genomic DNA clone of Conus lividus (C. lividus). The mature LvIF with natural structure was synthesized by a two-step oxidation method. The blocking potency of α-CTx lvIF on nAChR was detected by a two-electrode voltage clamp. Our results showed that α-CTx LvIF was highly potent against rα3β2 and rα6/α3β2β3 nAChR subtypes, The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of α-CTx LvIF against rα3β2 and rα6/α3β2β3 nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes were 8.9 nM and 14.4 nM, respectively. Furthermore, α-CTx LvIF exhibited no obvious inhibition on other nAChR subtypes. Meanwhile, we also conducted a competitive binding experiment between α-CTxs MII and LvIF, which showed that α-CTxs LvIF and MII bind with rα3β2 nAChR at the partial overlapping domain. These results indicate that the α-CTx LvIF has high potential as a new candidate tool for the studying of rα3β2 nAChR related neurophysiology and pharmacology.

Background Data on the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic versus open resection for gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) larger than 5 cm are limited. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to compared laparoscopic and open resection for gastric GISTs larger than 5 cm. Methods We perform a literature search on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase. Review Manage version 5.1 (RevMan 5.1) was used for data analysis. The GRADE profiler software (version 3.6) was used to estimate the level of evidence. Results A total of 6 observational studies and one unpublished retrospective cohort study met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis: 203 patients in LAP and 214 patients in OPEN group. The pooled result revealed that laparoscopic resection was associated with a same operative time (WMD = −0.87 min; 95% CI: -47.50 to 47.75; P = 0.97), intraoperative blood loss (WMD = −34.38 ml; 95% CI: -79.60 to 10.84; P = 0.14), overall complications (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.12; P = 0.12), better 5-year disease-free survival (HR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.91; P = 0.03) and overall survival (HR = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.40; P = 0.002) compared with open resection. Conclusion Laparoscopic resection is a technically and oncologically safe and feasible approach for large-sized gastric GISTs (≥ 5 cm) compared to open resection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3741-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common pregnancy-specific pathologic complications, and is characterised by onset of hypertension and proteinuria. Placental trophoblast cell apoptosis is generally accepted as a major cause of PE. However, the details of the mechanism underlying the condition remain unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate a possible association between microRNA (miR)-34a and human trophoblast cell apoptosis during PE. We evaluated miR-34a expression in placentas from patients with PE compared with those from healthy pregnant individuals. Furthermore, we measured apoptosis rate after miR-34a mimic and/or inhibitor transfection in vitro, and identified B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) as a target of miR-34a. We found that miR-34a levels were significantly higher in placental tissues from patients with PE than in normal placentas. Upregulation of miR-34a induced trophoblast cell apoptosis in PE by inhibiting expression of BCL-2 protein. miR-34a inhibition reversed miR-34a-induced apoptosis in the HTR-8/SVneo human trophoblast cell line. Our findings indicate that miR-34a may be linked to the occurrence of PE via effects on BCL-2 in the human placenta, and may therefore provide a potential therapeutic target for PE.

Guided by the stress and coping theory, this study provides a systematic review of existing research on acculutration, family support, and social support related correlates of depression among older Chinese and Korean immigrants in the United States.A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CINAHL Plus, Abstracts in Social Gerontology, AgeLine, Social Work Abstracts, PubMed, PsychINFO, and Social Science Citation Index databases to identify relevant articles that presented multivariate analysis results.A total of 55 articles were identified, with the vast majority focusing on older Korean immigrants. The overall evidence showed that length of residence was largely unrelated to depression, and poor Enligsh proficiency also had a weak correlation with depression. However, a low level of acculturation measured by multidimensional scales was consistently associated with more depressive symptoms. Overall, living arrangements and the size and frequency of contact of both kin and non-kin networks were weak correlates of depression. In contrast, negative family and social interactions seem to be more consequential for depression in the two groups than positive relations and support.The findings show that established acculturation instruments are useful tools to identify at-risk older Chinese and Korean immigrants. Future studies need to further examine which aspects of acculturation experience are more influential for immigrants' mental health. Although often conceptualized as important coping resources, family and social networks could present significant stressors for older immigrants. Future research and services could focus on these contexts to improve the mental health of these two rapidly increasing Asian populations.

Transcription factor NF-κB functions as a pleiotropic regulator of target genes controlling physiological function as well as pathological processes of many different diseases, including some neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of prion disease remains ambiguous. In this study, the status of NF-κB (p65) in a prion-infected cell line SMB-S15 was first evaluated. Significantly lower levels of p65 and the phosphorylated form of p65 (p-p65) were detected in SMB-S15 cells, compared with its normal partner cell line SMB-PS. Markedly slower responses of the NF-κB system to the stimulation of TNF-α were observed in SMB-S15 cells. Removal of PrPSc replication in SMB-S15 cells rescued the expression and activity of NF-κB. However, overexpression of p65 in SMB-S15 cells did not influence the propagation of PrPSc. Moreover, significant decline of p65 level was also observed in the brain tissues of mice infected with the lysates of SMB-S15 cells and hamsters infected with scrapie...

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the potential influence of coping resources at individual (sense of mastery), family (spousal support, family support, children’s filial piety), and community level (community cohesion) on the mental health (depression and anxiety) of Chinese older adults in the United States. METHODS: The data were derived from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago, the largest population-based study of Chinese elderly in the United States (N= 3,159). Stepwise negative binomial regressions were performed to predict depression and anxiety, respectively, by entering individual, family, and community coping resources separately and jointly while controlling for socio-demographic and acculturation-related variables. RESULTS: Stronger sense of mastery and greater perception of children’s filial piety were associated with fewer depressive symptoms and lower level of anxiety. Whereas spousal support was not associated with any mental health outomes, family support was actually assciated with more depressive symptoms and greater anxiety. Having stronger community cohesion was associated with fewer depressive symptoms but greater anxiety while controling for other coping resources. CONCLUSION: Older immigrants’ own sense of control in their life and perception that children adhering to traditional family norms were two important protective factors for their mental health. In contrast, depending on family members for support could compromise their well-being. Community cohesion seems to be a double-edged sword for Chinese older immigrants’ mental health. Future studies shall further disentangle the relationships among sense of mastery, reliance on family and ethnic enclaves for support, and older immigrants’ well-being.

An ESIPT-based fluorescent probe (Probe 1) using acrylate as recognition group for the selective and sensitive detection of cysteine/homocysteine (Cys/Hcy) has been developed. In the presence of Cys/Hcy, this probe was transformed into 1,3-bis(bispyridin-2ylimino)isoindolin-4-ol (dye 4) which displayed red fluorescence with a large Stokes shift (217 nm) when excited. The detection limits are as low as 5.4 nM and 7.0 nM for Cys and Hcy respectively (based on S/N = 3). Importantly, this probe has been successfully demonstrated for the detection of intracellular Cys/Hcy in living cells.

In recent decades, miRNA has been reported as a crucial modulator in some biology progressions. This work aims to assess the expression and role of miR-let-7a and pyruvate kinase muscle isozyme M2 (PKM2) in CC tissues and cell lines. Here, we identified that miR-let-7a expression was decreased in CC tissues, and SiHa and HeLa cells (all P < 0.001), however, PKM2 expression was increased in these samples. Statistically, miR-let-7a was inversely associated with PKM2 mRNA or protein (p = 0.013, p = 0.015, respectively). In-vitro assays revealed that ectopic miR-let-7a expression repressed SiHa and HeLa cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and enhanced SiHa and HeLa cell apoptosis. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays revealed the 3′-UTR of PKM2 was identified a target of miR-let-7a, by which miR-let-7a affected the expression of PKM2 in SiHa and HeLa cells. Besides, PKM2 plasmids partially abrogated the inhibitory effects of miR-let-7a, while si-PKM2 enhanced the inhibitory effects of miR-let-7a. In vivo, miR-let-7a mimics indeed repressed tumor growth in mice xenograft model. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that miR-let-7a inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion by down-regulation of PKM2 in cervical cancer. miR-let-7a/PKM2 pathway may be a useful therapeutic target for CC patients.

// Fan Feng 1,* , Yangzi Tian 2,* , Xuewen Yang 1,* , Li Sun 1 , Liu Hong 1 , Jianjun Yang 1 , Man Guo 1 , Xiao Lian 1 , Daiming Fan 1 and Hongwei Zhang 1 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Disease, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China 2 Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hongwei Zhang, email: // Keywords : gastric cancer, postoperative fever, prognosis Received : August 15, 2016 Accepted : February 27, 2017 Published : March 07, 2017 Abstract Data about prognostic value of postoperative fever in gastric cancer was lacking. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the prognostic value of postoperative fever in gastric cancer. From September 2008 to March 2015, 2938 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in the present study. Clinicopathological features were recoded. The association between postoperative fever and prognosis of gastric cancer were analyzed. There were 2294 male (78.1%) and 644 female (21.9%). Seven hundred and fifty-six patients suffered from fever. Among them, the duration of fever less than 48h occurred in 508 cases, and duration of fever over 48h occurred in 248 cases. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that postoperative fever was an independent risk factor for prognosis of gastric cancer ( P < 0.001). For the entire cohort, duration of fever over 48h was significantly associated with decreased survival ( P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, duration of fever over 48h was significantly associated with poor prognosis of stage I and II gastric cancer (both P < 0.001). However, postoperative fever was not associated with the prognosis of stage III gastric cancer ( P = 0.334). Considering the type of gastrectomy, postoperative fever was not associated with the prognosis of patients with proximal ( P = 0.318) and distal gastrectomy ( P = 0.806), but duration of fever over 48h was significantly associated with poor prognosis of patients with total gastrectomy ( P = 0.004). In conclusion, postoperative fever was associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer.

// Fan Feng 1, * , Li Sun 1, * , Gaozan Zheng 1, * , Shushang Liu 1 , Zhen Liu 1 , Guanghui Xu 1 , Man Guo 1 , Xiao Lian 1 , Daiming Fan 1 , Hongwei Zhang 1 1 Division of Digestive Surgery, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hongwei Zhang, email: zhanghwfmmu@126.com Keywords: gastric cancer, blood test, prognosis Received: June 01, 2016 Accepted: November 21, 2016 Published: December 24, 2016 ABSTRACT Previous results regarding the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in gastric cancer are conflicting, and full analysis of other blood test parameters are lacking. We therefore examined the associations between various blood test parameters and prognosis in 3243 gastric cancer patients randomly divided into training (n=1621) and validation (n=1622) sets. Optimal cut-off values of 0.663 for neutrophil-to-white blood cell ratio (NWR), 0.288 for lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio (LWR), 0.072 for monocyte-to-white blood cell ratio (MWR), 2.604 for NLR, 0.194 for monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and 130.675 for PLR were identified in the training set. Univariate and survival analyses revealed that high NWR, low LWR, high MWR, high NLR, high MLR, and high PLR are all associated with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only LWR, and MWR are independent prognostic predictors, and prognostic value increased when LWR and MWR were considered in combination. These findings suggest that low LWR and high MWR are each predictive of a poor prognosis, and exhibit greater prognostic value when considered in combination.

Background Resistant starch (RS) is a starch that can be fermented by the microbial flora within gut lumen. Insulin resistance (IR) is a pathophysiological condition related to diabetes and obesity. RS could reduce blood glucose and ameliorate IR in animals, but its effect in human population is controversial. Objective The authors conducted a systematic literature review to evaluate the effect of RS diet supplement on ameliorating IR in patients with T2DM and simple obesity. Methods Databases that supplemented with RS in ameliorating IR in T2DM and simple obesity were queried for studies on or before August 15, 2018. Parameters including fasting insulin, fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) etc. were extracted from studies to systemically evaluate effects of RS. Results The database search yielded 14 parallel or crossover studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in the amelioration of BMI, HOMA-%S and HOMA-%B in T2DM patients between RS and the non-RS supplementation. However, the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR in T2DM with obesity who supplemented RS were lower than control group, and the subgroup analysis according to the dose of RS supplementation was inconsistency. There was no significant difference between RS and non-RS supplements in patients with simple obesity. Conclusion RS supplementation can ameliorate IR in T2DM, especially for the patients of T2DM with obesity, but not in simple obesity.

INTRODUCTION Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis (HD). It has been documented that several factors contribute to IDH. However, the relationship between serum electrolytes and the occurrence of IDH remains unclear. Our study aims to investigate the role of serum magnesium (Mg) for the risk of IDH in maintenance HD patients. METHODS The retrospective study included adults starting HD before January 2009 in the blood purification center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, and treated thrice weekly with standard bicarbonate dialysate by low-flux HD. Patients' characteristics including age and sex, laboratory test results were collected. IDH was defined according to kidney disease outcomes quality initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines as a decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) by ≥20 mmHg or a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) by ≥10 mmHg associated with clinical symptoms during HD. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to explore independent risk factors for IDH. FINDINGS Among 423 patients recruited, 175 patients (41.4%) suffered from IDH. Compared with those with non-IDH, patients with IDH presented higher predialysis serum Mg levels. Univariate correlation analysis showed that predialysis serum Mg level was negatively correlated with SBP at 3 hours, 4 hours after dialysis (3 hours SBP r = -0.134 P = 0.006, 4 hours SBP r = -0.142 P = 0.003) and was positively correlated with the differences of blood pressure (BP) (SBP and MAP) (△SBP r = 0.195 P

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obese adults. A meta-analysis was conducted of trials by searching in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six nonrandomized controlled trials (NCTs) enrolled 1604 participants were identified for meta-analysis. Compared with control/placebo, the combination therapy group had significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose level and 2 h postprandial glucose by 1.28 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.39, −1.16; p

Background It remains controversial whether prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance is necessary for gastric cancer. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the impact of prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance on the perioperative complications and prognosis of upper and middle third gastric cancer.Methods A network meta-analysis to identify both direct and indirect evidence with respect to the comparison of gastrectomy alone (G-A), gastrectomy combination with splenectomy (G+S) and gastrectomy combination with spleen-preserving splenic hilar dissection (G+SPSHD) was conducted. We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) for studies published before September 2018. Perioperative complications and overall survival were analyzed. Hazard ratios (HR) were extracted from the publications on the basis of reported values or were extracted from survival curves by established methods.Results Ten retrospective studies involving 2565 patients were included. In the direct comparison analyses, G-A showed comparable 5-year overall survival rate (HR: 1.1, 95%CI: 0.97-1.3) but lower total complication rate (OR: 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17-0.77) compared with G+S. Similarly, the 5-year overall survival rate between G+SPSHD and G+S was comparable (HR: 1.1, 95%CI: 0.92-1.4), while the total complication rate of G+SPSHD was lower than that of G+S (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.28-0.88). In the indirect comparison analyses, both the 5-year overall survival rate (HR: 1.0, 95%CI: 0.78-1.3) and total complication rate (OR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.29-1.9) were comparable between G-A and G+SPSHD.Conclusion Prophylactic No.10 lymph node clearance was not recommended for treatment of upper and middle third gastric cancer.

Objective In recent years, many original studies have shown that skipping breakfast has been associated with overweight and obesity; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to synthesize the associations between skipping breakfast and the risk of overweight/ obesity. Methods We did a systematic search using Pubmed, and Ovid searched up to August 2019. Observational studies (cohort studies and cross-sectional studies) reporting adjusted Odds Ratio or Risk Ratio estimates for the association between breakfast skipping and overweight/obesity (including abdominal obesity). Summary odds ratio (or Risk Ratio) and 95% confidence intervals calculated with a random-effects model. Results 45 observational studies (36 cross-sectional studies and 9 cohort studies) were included in this meta-analysis. In cross-sectional studies, The ORs of low frequency breakfast intake per week versus high frequency were 1.48 (95% CI 1.40–1.57; I2 = 54.0%; P = 0.002) for overweight/obesity, 1.31 (95% CI 1.17–1.47; I2 = 43.0%; P = 0.15) for abdominal obesity. In cohort studies, The RR of low-frequency breakfast intake per week versus high frequency was 1.44 (95% CI 1.25–1.66; I2 = 61%; P = 0.009) for overweight/obesity. Conclusions This meta-analysis confirmed that skipping breakfast is associated with overweight/obesity, and skipping breakfast increases the risk of overweight/obesity. The results of cohort studies and cross-sectional studies are consistent. There is no significant difference in these results among different ages, gender, regions, and economic conditions.

Objectives To examine the associations between typology of family relationship and risk of elder mistreatment (EM). Design Population-based epidemiological cross-sectional study. Setting Community-dwelling older adults in the greater Chicago area. Participants A total of 3157 US older Chinese immigrants. Measurements EM was measured by a brief screening tool. Latent class analysis was used to construct typologies of family relationship from eight indicators, evaluating the structural, associational, functional, affectual, and normative aspects of family relationship. Logistic regression models were used to test the associations between typology of family relationship and EM. Results Unobligated ambivalent type (44.77%) was the most common family type among US older Chinese immigrants. The prevalence of EM was around 15%, with 475 participants reporting experience of EM. Unobligated ambivalent (odds ratio [OR] = 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54-2.34) and detached (OR = 1.78; 95% CI = 1.32-2.42) family types were associated with greater risk of EM; tight-knit (OR = .34; 95% CI = .27-.44) family type was associated with lower risk of EM. The relationship between commanding conflicted family type and EM was not significant. Conclusion Unobligated ambivalent family type, featured by high emotional closeness and high family conflict, was prevalent among US Chinese families and associated with EM consequences. Culturally customized social services are suggested to reduce intergenerational ambivalence and promote family harmony for immigrant families. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S493-S498, 2019.

Background/objectives Focusing on Chinese immigrants, this study examined (1) whether filial obligation, the core social norm in the Chinese culture, is related to caregiving burdens; and (2) whether level of acculturation of the caregivers moderates the above relationships. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Chicago, Illinois. Participants A purposive sample of 393 Chinese adult immigrants who were primary caregivers of parents aged 60 years or older. Measures Sense of filial obligation was captured by felt responsibility toward parents in six domains (respect, make happy, care, greet, obey, and provide financial support). Caregiving burdens were measured by the Caregiver Burden Inventory. Acculturation was measured by 12 questions about respondents' language preference in different settings and ethnicity of individuals they interact with. Results A stronger sense of filial obligation was significantly associated with lower levels of developmental (β = -.15), emotional (β = -.18), social (β = -.20), and physical (β = -.10) burdens. For subjective burdens (developmental, social burdens), such a protective effect of filial obligation was stronger among caregivers with lower acculturation levels. For more objective burdens (time-dependent, physical burdens), stronger filial obligation was actually associated with greater burdens among caregivers with higher acculturation levels. Conclusion Programs focusing on celebrating the cultural heritage of immigrants and improving the relationship between the parents and children may be helpful to reduce caregiving burdens. Intervention programs that help Chinese immigrant caregivers to find the most appropriate way to balance traditional and new social norms are important to provide successful care to aging Chinese immigrants. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:S564-S570, 2019.

BackgroundCompositional abnormalities in lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk factors play an important role in the progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). This systematic review aimed to estimate the predicting value of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) level in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. We also tried to determine whether LDL and SBP are associated with an increased collision risk of DPN.MethodsA systematic search was conducted for eligible publications which explored the LDL and SBP level in T2DM patients with and without peripheral neuropathy. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the QUADAS-2 tool. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI of LDL and SBP level were pooled to assess the correlation between LDL and SBP level with DPN. We performed random effects meta-regression analyses to investigate factors associated with an increased collision risk of DPN.ResultsThere was a significant association between LDL and SBP with poor prognosis of DPN in those included studies (I2 = 88.1% and I2 = 84.9%, respectively, BothP ). European T2DM patients have higher serum level of LDL in compare with the European DPN patients (SMD = 0.16, 95% CI: − 0.06 - 0.38;P < 0.001). SBP level was associated with a 2.6-fold decrease in non-DPN patients of T2DM (SMD = − 2.63, 95% CI: − 4.00 - -1.27,P < 0.001). Old age European T2DM patients have significantly high risk for diabetes drivers. Furthermore, the results of the case-control study design model are more precise to show the accuracy of SBP in Asian T2DM patients.ConclusionOur finding supports the LDL and SBP status could be associated with increased risk of peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients.

Background: Information concerning the cancer issue in Chinese patients on hemodialysis (HD) was lacking. Thus, we examined data from our dialysis registry to investigate the incidence of cancer, identify the possible factors, and explore outcomes after cancer diagnosis in patients on chronic HD. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 639 new-onset end-stage renal disease patients who started HD therapy during the period from July 1999 to December 2017 was retrieved from the database in our dialysis center. All eligible patients were followed up until renal transplantation, death, or end of study (March 31, 2019). The definition of a newly diagnosed cancer was that diagnosed 6 months after HD therapy initiation. Results: Within a median follow-up period of 5.61 years, 58 patients (9.08%) have been diagnosed with cancer with the incidence of 1,494 per 105 person-years. The mean duration from HD initiation to cancer diagnosis was 5.22 ± 3.55 years. Digestive cancer (32.76%) was the most common followed by urologic cancer (18.97%) and lung cancer (15.52%). Advanced age at starting HD therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04) and erythropoietin dosage ≥20,000 U/week (HR 1.95) were independent predictors for cancer occurrence. Of the 256 deaths during the follow-up period, 29 cases (11.33%) were attributed to cancer, with the mortality rate of 717 per 105 person-years. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative survival rates after cancer diagnosis were 58.73, 34.64, and 20.41%, respectively. A total of 32 patients (55.17%) did not receive any anti-cancer therapy, and the mortality in those patients was significantly increased as compared to patients who received anti-cancer therapy. Conclusion: Cancer is common in HD patients due to the improved survival, and it has a negative effect on patient prognosis. Many patients have failed to receive optimal anti-cancer therapy, which calls for effective communication and cooperation among patients, dialysis unit, and oncology teams.

Relying on two unique data-sets on Chinese older immigrants (N = 3,157) and younger immigrants with ageing parents (N = 469) in Chicago, this study compared the level of filial expectation among the two groups and examined the predictors and mental health implications of having high filial expectation among each group. Results of t-tests, logistic regression and negative binominal analyses showed that, regardless of socio-demographic variables, acculturation, physical health and family relations, Chinese adult children had higher filial expectations on themselves than older immigrants’ filial expectation on the younger generation. Chinese older immigrants who had less education, lower levels of acculturation, poorer health and closer relationships with children reported higher filial expectation. In the cohort of younger immigrants, high filial expectation was associated with lower income, better health and closer relations with their parents. In addition, having high filial expectation was associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety among the older immigrants, but not among the younger cohort. The results indicated that, whereas Chinese older immigrants seemed to adapt their filial expectation in the new society, the younger cohort still strongly adhere to this traditional family norm. Maintaining strong filial expectation might be a protective factor for older immigrants’ mental health. Practice and policy implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: We searched clinical trials indexed in PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception through December 3, 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted of trials involving patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 agonists using Stata 12.0 software. Results: A total of 9 clinical trials, including 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), that enrolled 1369 participants were identified for meta-analysis. Compared with the control/placebo group, the combination therapy group had significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose level by 0.78 mmol/L (95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.36, -0.2), 2-h postprandial glucose level by 0.47mmol/L (95% CI: -0.69, -0.24), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) by 0.73% (95% CI: -1.45, 0); body weight that was lower by 0.39 kg (95% CI: -0.59, -0.18) (4 non-randomized controlled trials indicated a larger reduction in body weight of 3.53 kg), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) that was lower by 0.26 mmHg (95% CI: -0.40, -0.11). The total incidence of adverse events (AEs) and genital and urinary infections in the therapy group did not significantly differ from those in the control group, with relative risks (RRs) of 1.06 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.17) and 1.19 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.07), respectively. An increased incidence of hypoglycemia was seen in the combination therapy group (RR=2.49; 95% CI: 1.40, 4.45). Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitor and GLP-1 agonist combination treatment improved glycemic control, reduced body weight, and decreased SBP without an increase in total AEs or genital and urinary infections in patients with T2DM. However, the risk of hypoglycemia should be carefully monitored in future clinical trials. Disclosure M. Guo: None. J. Gu: None. J. Li: None. Y. Xu: None. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800741)

Previous studies showed that the expression of sweet taste receptors (STRs) was obviously downregulated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), suggesting that STRs may act as new therapeutic targets of DN. However, STRs are weakly expressed in kidneys, it is necessary to find a non-invasive method for detection of STRs distribution in the whole body and kidney. Lactisole, a broad-acting sweet antagonist, is commercially available and may be useful to assess the function and physiological role of the STRs. Whether the detection of isotope 18F labeled lactisole (18F-lactisole) with PET/CT can be used as a probe for imaging STRs expression differences is unclear. In this study, DN mouse model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in vivo, mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and human proximal tubular cells (HK-2) were stimulated by high glucose in vitro, exogenous lactisole was used as an intervention reagent, 18F-lactisole was used as probe agent to evaluate the expression and distribution of STRs in the pathogenesis of DN. Our results showed that both the expression and distribution of STRs in mice were clearly imaged by PET/CT via intravenous injection of 18F-lactisole, 18F-lactisole signal in renal tissue was attenuated under the condition of diabetes, this trend persisted 2 hours after furosemide injection. Furthermore, exogenous lactisole significantly mitigated the effect of high glucose on STRs in vitro and vivo, which were detected by PET/CT or radioactive dosimeter via 18F-lactisole. These combined results support the hypothesis that detection of 18F-lactisole with PET/CT can be used as a new probe to image STRs and distinguish its expression level, suggesting a new method for non-invasive diagnosis of DN. Disclosure L. Zhou: None. W. Huang: None. N. Liu: None. X.M. Ma: None. M. Guo: None. Q. Chen: None. C. Gao: None. Y. Xu: None.

Aim: To explore the role of Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods: The proportion of ILC2s and ILC2s-producted Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in the peripheral blood of normal control subjects (NC) or patients with type 2 diabetes (DM), early diabetic kidney disease (DKD1), or late diabetic kidney disease (DKD2) were analyzed using flow cytometry and ELISA. Renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 in the presence or absence of high glucose and the expression and release of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibronectin (FN) was analyzed using qPCR and ELISA. Results: The proportion of ILC2s and the level of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were significantly increased with the severity of DKD (P Conclusions: ILC2s may promote the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease by secreting Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) and promoting renal fibrosis. Disclosure C. Liu: None. L. Zhou: None. C. Gao: None. T. Zhang: None. M. Guo: None. W. Huang: None. Z. Jiang: None. J.Y. Ding: None. Y. Xu: None.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) mediates 90% glucose reabsorption in kidney, and SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as a novel oral antihyperglycaemic agents by selectively reducing renal reabsorption of glucose and sodium. Recent research has suggested that sweet taste receptors (STRs) are important participants of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether STRs regulate reabsorption of glucose via SGLT2 in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Therefore, we evaluated the role and mechanism of STRs in reabsorption of glucose via streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mouse in vivo and in high glucose-induced mouse glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) and human proximal renal tubular epithelia cells (HK-2) in vitro. Our results showed that the expression of STRs were obviously downregulated while SGLT2 was upregulated under the condition of diabetes in vivo and in vitro. We hypothesized that high glucose-induced downregulation of STRs might modulate reabsorption of glucose. STRs inhibitor lactisole or siRNA-STRs was used as an intervention reagent respectively, distribution of STRs in vivo was detected by PET/CT via intravenous injection of 18F-labeled lactisole, glucose level, renal pathology and SGLT2 expression in vivo and fluorescence labeled glucose uptake rate in vitro were assayed. The effect of high glucose on STRs and SGLT2 expression as well as the glucose absorption were obviously mitigated by lactisole or siRNA-STRs. Overall, this is the first observation of the potential relationship between STRs and SGLT2, suggesting that kidney may regulate SGLT2-depended glucose reabsorption through STRs, which may act as new therapeutic targets of diabetes. Disclosure L. Zhou: None. W. Huang: None. N. Liu: None. X.M. Ma: None. M. Guo: None. Q. Chen: None. C. Gao: None. Y. Xu: None. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800741)

Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of the phone- or computer-based intervention on weight loss and improvement in diet and physical activity levels in obese or overweight adults. Methods: We searched RCTs indexed in PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL from inception through May 1, 2018. A meta-analysis was conducted of RCTs involving participants receiving mobile devices included modern and portable devices. Results: Eighteen RCTs enrolling 2,567 adult participants from 4 countries (America, Australia, England and Germany) were included. The mean difference (MD) for the effect of using mobile phones or computers on reduction in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference were −1.25 kg (95% CI −1.71 to −0.79, p Conclusion: Compared to control group, this meta-analysis indicated that intervention group based on mobile devices had potential effect on a decrease in body weight, waist circumference and a smaller decrease in BMI, and a moderate increase in weekly exercise, while no significant differences in daily energy intake among obese or overweight adults. Subgroup analyses revealed that compared with phone-based intervention, basing on computer significantly reduced body weight, and the United States lost more weight than Australia and European countries. Disclosure Y. Pu: None. M. Guo: None. X.M. Ma: None. Q. Chen: None. F. Teng: None. T. Zhang: None. C. Liu: None. Y. Xu: None. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800741)

Background Substance P (SP) plays an important role in several types of cancer promotion and progression by binding to its preferential neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R). However, the clinical significance and downstream mechanism of NK1R in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SP/NK1R in the proliferation of ESCC and to screen related downstream molecules. Methods In the current investigation, the expression of NK1R was detected via immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) analysis and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Thereafter, the optimal concentration of SP was determined in vitro. The proliferation ability of SP/NK1R was assessed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays and subcutaneous tumour formation in nude mice with EC109 cells. Moreover, the related downstream molecules were screened by performing isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) protein spectrum analysis. Results NK1R was upregulated in ESCC, and its overexpression correlated with larger tumour size, deeper tumour invasion, more perineural invasion and eventually caused poorer overall survival (OS). Both intrinsic and SP-activated NK1R upregulation could promote the proliferation and clonogenic capacity of ESCC cells. In nude mice, tumour growth was suppressed by EC109 cells of NK1R downregulation. Further experiments demonstrated that Hairy and Enhancer of Split 1 (Hes1) was markedly reduced upon NK1R downregulation in EC109 cell lines and could regulate cell proliferation in the downstream of SP/NK1R. Conclusions The significant role of NK1R in mediating ESCC cell proliferation depended on the activation of SP and might be related to the downstream regulation of Hes1.

We recently found that Sodium butyrate (NaB) possesses anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN) mouse model and in high-glucose induced mouse glomerular mesangial cells. Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death accompanied with the release of pro-inflammatory factors. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a novel discovered pivotal executive protein of pyroptosis, which can be cleaved by inflammatory caspases. The aim of our study is to verify if NaB have some effects against high-glucose induces pyroptosis in renal Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs). For this aim, human GECs were cultured and exposed to high-glucose. Exogenous NaB, caspase 1 inhibitor Ac-YVAD-CMK (A-Y-C) or knockdown GSDMD by siRNA were used. We found high glucose could increase Propidium Iodide (PI) positive cells and elevate release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and Interleukin 18 (IL-18); protein levels of GSDMD, GSDMD N-terminal domain (GSDMD-N) and cleaved-caspase-1 were also elevated. Effect of NaB on LDH release and PI positive cells was further enhanced by inhibiting caspase 1-GSDMD. In addition, high glucose-induced nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NF-κB inhibitor α (IκB-α) signaling pathway was reversed by NaB or A-Y-C administration. In conclusion, NaB could ameliorate high-glucose induced GECs via caspase1-GSDMD canonical pyroptosis pathway; and NF-κB/IκB-α signaling pathway was involved in it.

Dysregulated long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and development of human diseases, such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). In this study, we identified EOC-related lncRNAs and performed lncRNA and mRNA microarray analyses using IOSE80, a normal ovary cell line, and two ovarian carcinoma cell lines (SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP) to investigate the potential roles of lncRNAs in EOC. lncRNA-HEIH expression in EOC tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In addition, we generated a lncRNA–mRNA co-expression network in order to identify lncRNA-expression trends and potential lncRNA target genes. Cell viability, migration, and invasion were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8, transwell assay, and wound-healing assay, respectively, and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. We identified 3527 differentially expressed lncRNAs upon comparison of the lncRNA profiles from IOSE80 with those of SKOV3 cell lines, with 11 differentially expressed lncRNAs confirmed by qPCR. Both pathway and gene ontology analyses demonstrated the involvement of lncRNAs, especially HEIH and LINC-PINT, in multiple biological processes. Furthermore, in vitro knockdown experiments confirmed that suppression of HEIH expression inhibited EOC cell proliferation. Our findings provide a foundation for further research into the role of these lncRNAs in EOC carcinogenesis and progression.

Many observers of contemporary China notice the revival of the so-called traditional culture. This includes the public presence of rituals and artefacts that relate with traditional kinship, such as ancestral halls. This article explores a case in Shenzhen, the Huang lineage and the larger surname group. A methodological issue looms large: What exactly was the “tradition” that is perceived as reviving? The field of historical studies on Chinese kinship is a highly contested domain, especially regarding the nature and role of lineages. Therefore, we designed our article as a “conceptual case study”: we reflect upon the state of our knowledge about Chinese kinship in the traditional sense, develop a tentative conceptual framework, and apply this on our case. Central issues include the relationship between descent as constructed and performed via kinship rituals and patterns of cooperation among members of a lineage and the wider surname group.

There are many issues to consider when integrating 5G networks and the Internet of things to build a future smart city, such as how to schedule resources and how to reduce costs. This has a lot to do with dynamic multiobjective optimization. In order to deal with this kind of problem, it is necessary to design a good processing strategy. Evolutionary algorithm can handle this problem well. The prediction in the dynamic environment has been the very challenging work. In the previous literature, the location and distribution of PF or PS are mostly predicted by the center point. The center point generally refers to the center point of the population in the decision space. However, the center point of the decision space cannot meet the needs of various problems. In fact, there are many points with special meanings in objective space, such as ideal point and CTI. In this paper, a hybrid prediction strategy carried through from both decision space and objective space (DOPS) is proposed to handle all kinds of optimization problems. The prediction in decision space is based on the center point. And the prediction in objective space is based on CTI. In addition, for handling the problems with periodic changes, a kind of memory method is added. Finally, to compensate for the inaccuracy of the prediction in particularly complex problems, a self-adaptive diversity maintenance method is adopted. The proposed strategy was compared with other four state-of-the-art strategies on 13 classic dynamic multiobjective optimization problems (DMOPs). The experimental results show that DOPS is effective in dynamic multiobjective optimization.

Recently, the concept of “cultural governance” has gained analytical traction in research on Chinese urban development. This is mostly diagnosed as a top-down process of defining and imposing cultural forms in government-led projects, such as in tourism. We argue that the case of Shenzhen manifests important differences, and is highly significant, considering the national and international status of this mega-city. Based on detailed field studies, supplemented with information about other cases, we show that in Shenzhen local cultural forms show resilience and increasing public presence, while also being shaped by inclusive cultural policies that are informed by the national drive towards reinstating traditional Chinese values as part and parcel of national identity. One manifestation is the enactment of the traditional ritual space of the village in urban architecture, such as the duality of ancestral hall and village temple, often at so-called “cultural squares,” and the expression of territorial ambitions of lineages in competitive projects of redevelopment. We suggest enhancing the concept of cultural governance by the concept of governmentality to grasp these phenomena analytically.

Using data from 2,923 Chinese older immigrants in Chicago, this study aims to identify different patterns of coping repertoires of older immigrants, based on a combination of individual, family and community coping resources, and the optimal coping repertoire that is associated with the best psychological outcomes. The results of Latent Class Analysis revealed four types of coping repertoires: low-resource (43%), spouse-oriented (32%), community-oriented (15%), and multi-source coping repertoire (10%). Overall, immigrants who had multi-source coping repertoire reported the best psychological outcomes. However, the influence of coping repertoires varied based on specific adversities. Having community-oriented coping repertoire was more protective for widowed immigrants, whereas spouse- or community-oriented coping repertoire was more protective for those with poor health. For less-acculturated older immigrants, having community-oriented coping appears most beneficial to their well-being; and for older immigrants who perceived low filial support from their children, having multi-source coping was associated with better psychological well-being.

Relying on a purposive sample of 550 Chinese older adults in Beijing, China, this study examined the potential influence of children’s out-migration, internally or internationally, on intergenerational relationships and parental well-being. By comparing older adults in nonmigrant, internal migrant, transnational, and hybrid (have both migrant and nonmigrant children) families, we found that children’s out-migration only compromised intergenerational contact and instrumental support, but not monetary or emotional support. Older adults of different family types had similar levels of depression and life satisfaction. Those in internal migrant families were most likely to report financial worries, and those in transnational families were most likely to worry about lack of care. The influence of children’s out-migration was further confounded by parents’ coping resources. The findings suggest that the vulnerability of the “left-behind” elderly might have been exaggerated. Future studies shall distinguish different types of migration and the diversity among older adults with migrant children.

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommends that at least 15 lymph nodes (LNs) be removed during radical gastrectomy. This study aims to investigate the optimal number of LNs resected for radical gastrectomy. From September 2008 to March 2015, a total of 1990 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in this study. Clinicopathological features and survivals were recorded, and the association between the number of LNs resected and the prognosis of gastric cancer were analyzed. Overall, 1520 males (76.4%) and 470 females (23.6%) were included in the study, with a median age of 57 years (range 20–90). The median number of LNs resected was 24 (range 15–83) for stage N1, 25 (range 15–62) for stage N2, 25 (range 15–88) for stage N3a, and 28 (range 16–73) for stage N3b. The optimal cut-off value for the number of LNs resected was 22 for stage N3a (p = 0.000) and N3b (p = 0.003) patients, while no other cut-off value was significantly superior to 15 for stage N1–2 patients (both p > 0.05). Age, tumor size, tumor depth, and number of LNs resected were independent prognostic predictors for stage N3a patients, while resection type and number of LNs resected were independent prognostic predictors for stage N3b patients. Removing more than 22 LNs exhibited a significant survival benefit compared with removing 15–22 LNs for stage N3a and N3b patients (29.7 vs. 21.6%, p = 0.000; 12.9% vs. 0%, p = 0.003, respectively). Removing at least 23 LNs could yield better survival outcomes in stage N3 gastric cancer patients.

Little is known about the features of gastric cancer located in the lesser and greater curve. This study aims to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer located in the lesser and greater curve. From September 2008 to March 2015, 780 gastric cancer patients were enrolled in the present study. The associations between locations and features of patients were analyzed. There were 571 male (73.2 %) and 209 female (26.8 %) patients. The median age was 56 years (ranged 21–86). There were 684 tumors located in the lesser curve (87.7 %) and 96 located in the greater curve (12.3 %). The incidence of melena was significantly lower in patients with tumors located in the lesser curve than that in the greater curve (8.5 vs 15.6 %, P = 0.024). The median size of tumors in the lesser curve was significantly larger than that in the greater curve (5.0 (0.3–15) vs 4.0 cm (0.5–15), P = 0.001). The remaining clinicopathological features were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Tumor location was not a risk factor for the prognosis of gastric cancer by univariate and multivariate analysis (both P > 0.05). The postoperative complications (all P > 0.05) and prognoses (P = 0.279) were comparable between tumors located in the lesser and greater curve. The ratio of gastric cancer located in the lesser to greater curve was 7.1:1. Compared with tumors located in the greater curve, the incidence of melena was significantly lower and the tumor size was significantly larger in tumors located in the lesser curve. The prognoses were comparable between tumors located in the lesser and greater curve.

Compared to gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), hepatic GIST is very rare in clinic. Reports on clinicopathological feature and prognosis of this rare disease are limited in literature. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to summarize clinical and pathological features as well as prognosis of the primary hepatic GIST. One case of primary hepatic GIST from our center and 22 cases reported in MEDLINE or China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were enrolled into this study. Clinicopathological features as well as survival data of hepatic GIST were analyzed and compared with 297 gastric GISTs and 59 small intestinal GISTs from our center. Majority of the 22 cases (95.7%) of hepatic GIST was larger than 5 cm in size, and 75.0% of the tumors were over 5/50 HPF in mitotic index. Most of the hepatic GISTs (85.7%) displayed spindle cell shape in morphology. All of the hepatic GIST (100%) enrolled in this study were classified as high‐risk category by the National Institute of Health (NIH) risk classification. The 5‐year median disease‐free survival (DFS) time was 24.0 months and 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rate was 33.3%, respectively. Distribution of clinicopathological features was significantly different among hepatic, gastric, and small intestinal GIST. The DFS and DSS of hepatic GIST were significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Majority of the hepatic GIST is large in size and highly malignant. Prognosis of the primary hepatic GIST is worse than that of gastric GIST and small intestinal GIST.