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The plateau pika, a typical hypoxia-tolerant mammal lives 3000–5000 m above sea level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has acquired many physiological and morphological characteristics and strategies in its adaptation to sustained, high-altitude hypoxia. Blunted hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is one such strategy, but the genes involved in this strategy have not been elucidated. Here, we investigated the genes involved and their expression profiles in the lung transcriptome of plateau pikas subjected to different hypoxic conditions (using low-pressure oxygen cabins). A slight, right ventricular hypertrophy was observed in pikas of the control group (altitude: 3200 m) vs. those exposed to 5000 m altitude conditions for one week. Our assembly identified 67,774 genes; compared with their expression in the control animals, 866 and 8364 genes were co-upregulated and co-downregulated, respectively, in pikas subjected to 5000 m altitude conditions for 1 and 4 w. We elucidated pathways that were associated with pulmonary vascular arterial pressure, including vascular smooth muscle contraction, HIF-1 signalling, calcium signalling, cGMP-PKG signalling, and PI3K-Akt signalling based on the differentially expressed genes; the top-100 pathway enrichments were found between the control group and the group exposed to 5000 m altitude conditions for 4 w. The mRNA levels of 18 candidate gene showed that more than 83% of genes were expressed and the number of transcriptome The up-regulated genes were EPAS1 , Hbα , iNOS , CX40 , CD31 , PPM1B , HIF-1α , MYLK , Pcdh12 , Surfactant protein B, the down-regulated genes were RYR2 , vWF , RASA1 , CLASRP , HIF-3α. Our transcriptome data are a valuable resource for future genomic studies on plateau pika. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A series of N-phenylarylformamide derivatives (PAFAs) with anti-wild-type HIV-1 activity (EC50 values) ranging from 0.3 nM to 5.1 nM and therapeutic index (TI) ranging from 10 616 to 271 000 were identified as novel non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Among them, compound 13g (EC50 = 0.30 nM, TI = 184 578), 13l (EC50 = 0.37 nM, TI = 212 819), 13m (EC50 = 0.32 nM, TI = 260 617) and 13r (EC50 = 0.27 nM, TI = 271 000) displayed the highest activity against this type virus nearly as potent as lead compound GW678248. Moreover, all of them were also active to inhibit the double mutant strain A17 (K103N + Y181C) with EC50 values of 0.29 μM, 0.14 μM, 0.10 μM and 0.27 μM, respectively. In particular, compound 13m, which showed broad-spectrum anti-HIV activity, was also effective to inhibit the HIV-2 ROD replication within 4.37 μM concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Sap flows of four typical species, Populus. russkii Jabl., Populus euphratica Olive., Ulmus pumila L., and Elaeagnus angustifolia L., of artificial shelter forest in a desert area were monitored in all-weather conditions using SF300 Sap flow Meter based on the theory of thermal compensation. Meanwhile, air temperature ( T), leaf temperature ( T), soil temperature ( T), relative humidity (RH), and wind velocity ( V) were simultaneously recorded by an automatic weather station. The results indicate that (1) the diurnal processes of stem sap flows of P. russkii Jabl., P. euphratica Olive., and U. pumila L., but not E. angustifolia L., show an obvious circadian rhythm. Significant differences of stem sap flow rates were found among species, but not genus. The average sap flow rate of P. russkii Jabl. is 13.8-fold of that of E. angustifolia L. The order of sap flux density (SFD) from the largest to the smallest is P. russkii Jabl., P. euphratica Olive, U. pumila L. and E. angustifolia L.; (2) compared with 373 mm, 747 mm irrigation can induce microenvironmental changes that result in the suppression of photosynthesis and transpiration and the decline of stem sap flow rates of the above four species, indicating 373 mm irrigation meets the growth needs of the above species during experiment; (3) sap flow rates are different at different stem positions: the flow rates of P. russkii Jabl., U. pumila L. and E. angustifolia L., but not P. euphratica Olive, decline gradually from cambium to pith; (4) the correlation analysis indicates that stem sap flow is negatively correlated with RH and T and positively correlated with T, T and saturation vapor pressure deficit (VPD). The sap flow rate of P. russkii Jabl. is significantly affected by V due to its large size and height. In addition, a model was established by stepwise regression analysis to estimate the relationship between the environmental factors and stem sap flows of the above four typical species of shelter forest in the desert area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the monitoring data of groundwater level at the typical sections in lower reaches of Tarim River, three survey plots nearby the ecological monitoring wells with groundwater depths > 6 m were selected to investigate the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Tamarix hispida and its photosynthetic activity of PSII under effects of different groundwater depths. With increasing groundwater depth, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters such as actual photochemical efficiency of PS? in the light (ΦPSII), electron transport rate (ETR), and photochemistry quenching (qP) of T. hispida decreased, while the non-photochemistry quenching (qN, NPQ) and the yield for dissipation by down-regulation (YNPQ) increased remarkably, and the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) maintained an optimum value. All the results suggested that the PSII photosynthetic activity of T. hispida under drought stress declined with increasing groundwater depth, and the greater excess energy could result in more risk of photo-inhibition. However, the good adaptability and drought tolerance of T. hispida could make its PSII not seriously damaged, though the drought stress actually existed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mathematical model of on-line prediction of bottom and hearth in blast furnace by boundary element method was established. A nonlinear heat conduction problem was considered. In particular, Kirchhoff transformation was used for nonlinear heat conduction. The conduction equations controlling the transfer process at the bottom and hearth of blast furnace were solved, and the erosion boundary satisfying the experimental temperature distribution on the boundary was determined by the method of orthogonal experiment. The 1 150 °C isotherm as a reference profile of the erosion of the bottom and hearth was calculated through on-line application. The actual calculation shows that a good agreement between the computed and measured results is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A solar cooling tube is a cooling unit which can make a complete refrigeration cycle in a single tube. The mechanism of solar cooling tube was described. Based on the energy conversion in solar cooling tube and adsorption theory, a mathematical model was built for refrigeration process in nighttime. The variation of tubule temperature, refrigerator temperature and evaporating mass with time was calculated. The test on solar cooling tube was also set up. Under the conditions of environment temperature 36~28 °C and wind velocity 0.5 m/s, it can produce the cooling capacity in 13 h and come to lowest temperature 18 °C. The results of the mathematical model agree well with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the unique baryon number violation by two units neutron decay mode n → p ¯ e + χ , with χ being the standard model (SM) neutrino ν or antineutrino ν ¯ or any beyond the SM light fermion, in the framework of effective field theory. This mode is kinematically allowed but rarely discussed theoretically or searched for experimentally. We estimate the lower bound on its partial lifetime from that of the dinucleon decay n p → e + χ per oxygen nucleus 16O set by the Super-Kamiokande experiment, with a conservative bound Γ n → p ¯ e + χ − 1 > 5.7 × 10 39 yrs. We also discuss its characteristic signature for the future experimental search and astrophysical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a systematic study of the fermionic DM absorption interactions on electron target in the context of effective field theory. The fermionic DM absorption is not just sensitive to sub-MeV DM with efficient energy release, but also gives a unique signature with clear peak in the electron recoil spectrum whose shape is largely determined by the atomic effects. Fitting with the Xenon1T and PandaX-II data prefers DM mass at mχ = 59 keV and 105 keV, respectively, while the cut-off scale is probed up to around 1 TeV. The DM overproduction in the early Universe, the invisible decay effect on the cosmological evolution, and the visible decay signal collected by the astrophysical X(gamma)-ray observations (Insight-HXMT, NuSTAR, HEAO-1, and INTEGRAL) are thoroughly explored to constrain the DM absorption interactions. With stringent bounds on the tensor and pseudo-scalar operators, the other fermionic DM operators are of particular interest at tonne-scale direct detection experiments such as PandaX-4T, XENONnT, and LZ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: (+)-3a and (−)-3a were successfully separated from racemate (±)-3a by the chiral technique of supercritical fluid chromatography (SCF) with enantiomeric excess (ee%) >99% and purity >99%, and assigned for their absolute configuration as R and S, respectively, by the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum and simulated ECD spectra calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. (+)-(R)-3a displayed excellent activity with an EC50 of 5.3nM against wild-type HIV-1, which was 12-fold more potent than (−)-(S)-3a. However, (−)-(S)-3a showed higher potency than (+)-(R)-3a against the double HIV-1 RT mutant (K103N+Y181C) as well as HIV-2 strain ROD. The possible reason for the difference of (R)- and (S)-3a in anti-HIV-1 activity was interpreted by molecular docking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The non-zero Dirac phases δ q and δ l in the CKM and PMNS mixing matrices signify CP violation. In general they are independent. Experimental data including recent T2K results show, however, that in the original KM parameterization for the mixing matrix, the sum δ KM q + δ KM l is close to zero with δ KM q to be approximately π / 2. The KM parameterization may have provided some hints that these phases are actually related and CP is maximally violated. We show that this sum rule can be accommodated in models with spontaneous CP violation where both phases originate from a non-trivial common spontaneous CP violating maximized phase in the Higgs potential. We find some interesting phenomenological consequences for flavor changing neutral current and CP violation for such a model. In particular, data from B s − B ¯ s mixing provide very strong constraints on the mass scale for the new neutral scalars in the model, yet the model still allows the electric dipole moments of electron and neutron to reach to their current upper bounds. The model can be tested by near future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroptosis is a type of inflammatory cell death that is triggered by the formation of pores on the cell membrane by gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins. This process activates inflammasomes and leads to the maturation and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, has been found to be associated with various biomolecules such as caspases, granzymes, non-coding RNA (lncRNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). These biomolecules have been shown to play a dual role in cancer by affecting cell proliferation, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in both tumor promotion and anti-tumor effects. Recent studies have found that Oridonin (Ori) has anti-tumor effects by regulating pyroptosis through various pathways. Ori can inhibit pyroptosis by inhibiting caspase-1, which is responsible for activating pyroptosis of the canonical pathway. Additionally, Ori can inhibit pyroptosis by inhibiting NLRP3, which is responsible for activating pyroptosis of the noncanonical pathway. Interestingly, Ori can also activate pyroptosis by activating caspase-3 and caspase-8, which are responsible for activating pyroptosis of the emerging pathway; Ori has been found to be effective in inhibiting pyroptosis by blocking the action of perforin, which is responsible for facilitating the entry of granzyme into cells and activating pyroptosis. Additionally, Ori plays a crucial role in regulating pyroptosis by promoting the accumulation of ROS while inhibiting the ncRNA and NLRP3 pathways. It is worth noting that all of these pathways ultimately regulate pyroptosis by influencing the cleavage of GSDM, which is a key factor in the process. These studies concludes that Ori has extensive anti-cancer effects that are related to its potential regulatory function on pyroptosis. The paper summarizes several potential ways in which Ori participates in the regulation of pyroptosis, providing a reference for further study on the relationship between Ori, pyroptosis, and cancer. [Display omitted] • Oridonin inhibits proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells related to pyroptosis. • Oridonin inhibits pyroptosis in the caspase-1-mediated canonical pathway. • Oridonin regulates caspase-4–5/11-mediated noncanonical axis to induce pyroptosis. • Crosstalk centers on the non-coding RNA, ROS and NLRP 3 inflammasome pathway. • Oridonin and its derivatives may enter clinical trials for the treatment of tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the feasibility of interpreting the R K ( ⁎ ) anomaly in the colored Zee–Babu model. The model generates neutrino masses at two loops with the help of a scalar leptoquark S ∼ ( 3 , 3 , − 1 3 ) and a scalar diquark ω ∼ ( 6 , 1 , − 2 3 ) , and contributes to the transition b → s ℓ − ℓ + via the exchange of a leptoquark S at tree level. Under constraints from lepton flavor violating (LFV) and flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) processes, and direct collider searches for heavy particles, we acquire certain parameter space that can accommodate the R K ( ⁎ ) anomaly for both normal (NH) and inverted (IH) hierarchies of neutrino masses. We further examine the LFV decays of the B meson, and find a strong correlation with the neutrino mass hierarchy, i.e., Br ( B + → K + μ ± τ ∓ ) ≳ Br ( B + → K + μ ± e ∓ ) ≈ Br ( B + → K + τ ± e ∓ ) for NH, while Br ( B + → K + μ ± τ ∓ ) ≪ Br ( B + → K + μ ± e ∓ ) ≈ Br ( B + → K + τ ± e ∓ ) for IH. Among these decays, only B + → K + μ ± e ∓ in the case of NH is promising at the LHCb RUN II, while for IH all LFV decays are hard to detect in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To investigate the antitumor effects of 7- O -geranylquercetin (GQ), a novel O -alkylated derivative of quercetin, against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines A549 and NCI-H1975 and the corresponding mechanisms. Main methods Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay. The expression of proteins involved in apoptosis and autophagy was measured using western blotting. Besides, apoptosis was determined with DAPI staining, Annexin V-PI staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) assay, and autophagy was observed with TEM assay. Cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected using flow cytometry. Key findings GQ inhibited viability of A549 and NCI-H1975 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner without apparent cytotoxicity to normal human lung fibroblast cells. GQ down-regulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins pro-caspase 3 and Bcl-2, and up-regulated the expression of cleaved-PARP and Bax in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells. Meanwhile, GQ-induced cell apoptosis could be attenuated by caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Besides, GQ induced autophagosome formation in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells, promoted the expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II and Beclin 1, and suppressed the expression of p62. Autophagy inhibition with chloroquine or Beclin 1 siRNA could effectively inhibit GQ-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, GQ treatment increased the generation of ROS, and ROS inhibitor N -acetylcysteine could reverse GQ-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Taken together, GQ could induce apoptosis and autophagy via ROS generation in A549 and NCI-H1975 cells, and GQ-induced autophagy contributed to apoptosis. Significance Our findings highlight that GQ is a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The utility of virtual and augmented reality based on functional neuronavigation and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for glioma surgery has not been previously investigated. Methods The study population consisted of 79 glioma patients and 55 control subjects. Preoperatively, the lesion and related eloquent structures were visualized by diffusion tensor tractography and blood oxygen level–dependent functional MRI. Intraoperatively, microscope-based functional neuronavigation was used to integrate the reconstructed eloquent structure and the real head and brain, which enabled safe resection of the lesion. Intraoperative MRI was used to verify brain shift during the surgical process and provided quality control during surgery. The control group underwent surgery guided by anatomic neuronavigation. Results Virtual and augmented reality protocols based on functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI provided useful information for performing tailored and optimized surgery. Complete resection was achieved in 55 of 79 (69.6%) glioma patients and 20 of 55 (36.4%) control subjects, with average resection rates of 95.2% ± 8.5% and 84.9% ± 15.7%, respectively. Both the complete resection rate and average extent of resection differed significantly between the 2 groups ( P < 0.01). Postoperatively, the rate of preservation of neural functions (motor, visual field, and language) was lower in controls than in glioma patients at 2 weeks and 3 months ( P < 0.01). Conclusion Combining virtual and augmented reality based on functional neuronavigation and intraoperative MRI can facilitate resection of gliomas involving eloquent areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To get a better understanding of the bioactive constituents in Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (AFI) and Aurantii Fructus (AF), in the present study, a comprehensive strategy integrating multiple chromatographic analysis and chemometrics methods was firstly proposed. Based on segmental monitoring, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-variable wavelength detection method was established for simultaneous quantification of ten major flavonoids, and the quantitative data were further analyzed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). A strong cation exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SCX-HPLC) method combined with t -test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was developed to determine synephrine, the major alkaloid in AFI and AF. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and further processed by partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that the contents of ten flavonoids and synephrine in AFI were significantly higher than those in AF, and significant difference existed in samples from different geographical origins. Also, 9 differential volatile constituents detected could be used as chemical markers for discrimination of AFI and AF. Collectively, the proposed comprehensive analysis might be a well-acceptable strategy to evaluate the quality of traditional citrus herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This study investigated whether functional neuronavigation can be used to remove lesions in the lateral ventricle while preserving patients' neurologic functionality. Methods A total of 60 patients with lateral ventricular meningiomas were divided into study and control groups ( n = 30 each). Diffusion tensor and blood oxygenation level–dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging were used for fiber tracking and eloquent cortex localization, respectively, in the study group. The surgical approach was based on coregistered data sets from 3-D lesion and brain structure reconstructions. Patients in the control group underwent anatomic neuronavigation-guided surgery. The patients' demographics, degree of resection, visual field, language score, movement, preoperative and postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores, and surgical complications were recorded. Results Tumors were completely removed in both groups. Patients in the study group had a higher rate of visual field preservation than controls ( P = 0.01). The two groups had similar motor and language functions after surgery, except that fewer cases of transient aphasia were observed in the former ( P < 0.05). KPS scores for the study and control groups were 80 (70–80) and 70 (60–70), respectively ( P < 0.01), at 2 weeks and 90 (80–100) and 85 (70–90), respectively ( P = 0.022), at 3 months after surgery. Conclusions Functional neuronavigation preserved neurologic functionality and was especially beneficial for protecting optical functionality and for the rapid recovery of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vortex ring parachute is one kind of familiar rotational parachute with high rotating speed, and its aerodynamic characteristics has some advantageous for the structure design and is widely used. The vortex ring parachute consists of four sails that joined by many parachute cords, and the plackets among the sails can afford the parachute canopy to definite convexity and gradient when it is token shape. The asymmetric aerodynamic forces and moments drive the parachute to rotate. Based on the parachute tower test, the inflated stability and its motional characteristics were studied, and the influencing rules about different configuration, and sails and joint parameters of parachute cords were gained with high-speed photographic technique and attitude memory-measuring technique. The results reveal that the ratio between the balanceable dropping velocity and the balanceable angular velocity is a constant value when the vortex ring parachute reaches the steady state, and the only approach of increasing the ratio is to enhance the aerodynamic revolving torque. In addition, the joint mode of parachute cords can improve the balanceable angular velocity to a certain extent, especially the difference between the length of the leading-edge pitch line and the trailing-edge pitch line. The results are benefit to the structure design and widely application of the vortex ring parachute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juglone (5 - hydroxy - 1, 4 - naphthalene diketone) is a kind of natural naphthoquinone, present in the roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees. Recent studies have found that Juglone has special significance in the treatment of cancer, which plays a significant role in the resistance of cancer cell proliferation, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, induction of autophagy, anti-angiogenesis and inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion, etc. Additionally, its derivatives also play a tumor suppressive effect. In conclusion, Juglone and its derivatives have been identified as effective anticancer drugs. This paper reviews action mechanisms of Juglone and its derivatives in cancer treatment. • Juglone and derivatives have been demonstrated a potential to be developed a new medicine in anti-cancer. • Juglone and derivatives possess an activity of Pin1 inhibitor, which is regarded as hotpots of cancer therapies. • Our review manuscript focus on more new anticancer mechanisms of Juglone and derivatives in recent 5 years. • New studies progress on Juglone and derivatives have expanded significant development space for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This paper reports the synthesis and antiviral evaluation of a series of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) that combine the peculiar structural features of diarylpyrimidine derivatives (DAPYs) and benzophenone derivatives (BPs). The DAPY derivatives bearing benzoyl or alkoxyl substitutes on the A-ring showed the inhibitory activity against wild-type HIV-1 at the cellular level within the range of EC50 values from micromolar to nanomolar. Among these compounds, 1u exhibited the most potent anti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 0.06 ± 0.01 μM, SI > 6260), which were about 1.8-fold more active than nevirapine (NVP) and delavirdine (DLV). In addition, the binding modes with HIV-1 RT and the preliminary SAR studies of these derivatives were also considered for further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of 18 cycloalkyl arylpyrimidines (CAPYs) were designed from lead compounds diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs), synthesized and evaluated for in vitro anti-HIV activity. Among them, the compound 1p displayed potent anti-HIV-1 activity against WT HIV-1 with an EC50 value of 0.055μM and a selectivity index (SI) >7290. The preliminary structure–activity relationship (SAR) of this new series of compounds was also investigated, which enriched the SAR of diarylpyrimidines (DAPYs). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Oleanolic acid (OA, 3 β - hydroxyoleanolic acid-12-en-28-oic acid) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid present in many plants. As a new framework for development of semi synthetic triterpenoids, OA is of great significance in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Some of these derivatives, such as CDDO (2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1, 9 (11)-dien-28-oic acid) have been verified in clinical trials, while other derivatives studied previously, such as SZC014, SZC015 and SZC017 (OA derivatives respectively), are also candidate drugs for cancer treatment. This paper reviews the preclinical studies, literature evidence, target analysis and anticancer mechanism of OA and its derivatives. The mechanism of action of its derivatives mainly includes anti-cancer cell proliferation, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, inducing autophagy, regulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth, anti angiogenesis, inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion. In recent years, the molecular mechanism of OA and its derivatives has been elucidated. These effects seem to be mediated by the alterations in a variety of signaling pathways induced by OA and its derivatives. In conclusion, OA and its derivatives are considered as important candidate drugs for the treatment of cancer, indicating that OA and its derivatives have the potential to be used as anticancer drugs in practice. [Display omitted] • OA is of great significance in the discovery of antitumor and antitumor drugs. • OA derivatives are candidate drugs for cancer treatment. • The mechanisms of its derivatives relies chiefly on apoptosis and autophagy, regulation of regulatory proteins, acting on certain receptors or enzymes. • Focusing on anticancer mechanism of OA and its' derivatives by preclinical studies and their systematic analysis review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glottic contraction and closure causes ventilation obstruction and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) leakage during positive pressure ventilation using LMA. This study aimed to assess the effect of placing the anterior end of the endotracheal tube (ET) at the glottis through the LMA ventilation conduit on treating LMA leakage following glottic contraction and closure., Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, patients with non-minor surgery using LMA ventilation were randomly allocated to the i-gel group (group L) and the i-gel combined with ET group (group LE). The tip of ET was placed 2 cm under glottis guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope through i-gel ventilation conduit in group LE. The perioperative incidence of i-gel leakage, the changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) following artificial airway insertion, and adverse events were recorded., Results: Perioperative i-gel leakage was observed in 7 of 48 patients (14.6%) in group L and 1 of 49 patients (2.0%) in group LE. There was significant difference in the incidence of leakage between the 2 groups (P = .031). SBP and HR after ET insertion in group LE increased significantly compared to those in group L (P < .05/5). The values of both SBP and HR after ET insertion did not exceed the basic values in group LE (P > .05/4). There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of postoperative sore pain and hoarseness, cough during i-gel and ET removal between the 2 groups (P > .05)., Conclusion: Placing the anterior end of ET at the glottis reduced LMA air leakage related to glottic contraction and closure in non-minor surgery. The ET placing had low stress response and did not significantly increase postoperative complications., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)