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We report on the synthesis and characterization of a first iron(II) spin-crossover coordination polymer of formula [Fe(pyim)2(bpy)](ClO4)2·2C2H5OH, where pyim = 2-(2-pyridyl)imidazole and bpy = 4,4‘-bipyridine, with zigzag chain structure. The chains are linked by π stacking into a two-dimensional network. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements have revealed the occurrence of the HS ↔ LS transition without hysteresis. The spin conversion temperature T1/2 (temperature for which the HS fraction is equal to 0.5) is found equal to 205 K. The crystal structure was resolved at 293 K (high-spin form) and at 173 K (low-spin form). Both spin-state structures belong to the monoclinic space group C2/c (Z = 4). The complex assumes one-dimensional zigzag chain structure, in which the iron(II) active sites are linked to each other by a chemical bridge as the rigid rodlike 4,4‘-bipyridine molecule. The Fe−Fe separation via the bpy ligand equals 11.523(2) and 11.201(2) Å in the high-spin and low-spin structures, respectively. The polymeric chains extended along the c axis are stacked in the b direction forming two-dimensional sheets of bound molecules. The sheets are linked together by several intermolecular H-bonds in the a direction. The ensemble of structural features of the complex, potentially leading to the cooperativity, provides a basis for strong interactions. However, they are not strong enough in comparison with the HS−LS energy gap and result in a relatively gradual spin transition of the complex. The structural features and magnetic properties of the complex have been discussed and compared with those for earlier reported iron(II) spin-crossover coordination polymers.

A series of cyanide-bridged, iron(II) spin-crossover coordination polymers of formula Fe(py)2[M(CN)4] (M = Pd or Pt; py = pyridine) and Fe(pz)[M(CN)4]·2H2O (M = Ni, Pd, or Pt; pz = pyrazine) have been studied by recording the Raman and infrared (IR) spectra of their low-spin (LS) and high-spin (HS) forms in the solid state. Spectral changes upon metal and ligand substitution were used to guide the assignment of vibrational modes. Vibrational entropy changes upon spin transition were analyzed within the harmonic approximation. The results confirm the major contribution of the Fe−ligand vibrations to the overall entropy change associated with the spin transition (~60%), but&sbd;contrary to expectations&sbd;reveal significant changes in other intra- and intermolecular vibrations, of possible relevance to the high cooperativity of the spin transition.

Neutron-induced prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA) has been used to analyze ocean floor geothermal vent-generated samples that are composed of mixed metal sulfides, silicates and aluminosilicates. The modern application of the PGAA technique is discussed and elemental analytical results are given for 25 elements found in the samples. The elemental determinations in the samples are consistent with the expected mineralogical compositions, and very consistent results are obtained for comparable samples. Special sensitivity to trace quantities of hydrogen, boron, cadmium, dysprosium, gadolinium and samarium is discussed.

A double-blind study was carried out comparing the antidepressant properties of maprotiline (a new tetracyclic antidepressant) and amitriptyline. Twenty-one hospitalized severely depressed patients, selected on the basis of clinical and psychometric criteria, completed the trial period of 28 days.The new drug was found to have an order of effectiveness similar to that of amitriptyline and both drugs were effective in agitated as well as retarded forms of depression. For both, the “day of effect”, intended as the timing of sharp clinical improvement, tended to occur during the second week of treatment. Both drugs were well tolerated by most patients but one of the maprotiline patients presented a generalized rash which resolved after discontinuation of the drug.In conclusion, maprotiline is seen as an interesting addition to the group of major antidepressant drugs.

Insulin flux was determined in the portal vein and simultaneously arterial blood glucose was measured before and during an oral glucose meal in conscious normal and pancreatic islet cell-autotransplanted dogs to test their insulinogenic reserve. These dogs had previously been chronically instrumented with blood flow probes on the portal vein and carotid artery, and blood sampling catheters in the portal vein, hepatic vein, carotid artery, and right external jugular vein. Such a model permits quantitative portal-peripheral comparisons and assessment of hepatic extraction. Sixteen dogs, 10 normal (N) and six long-term (2 months to 2 yrs) islet cell-transplanted dogs (IT) were fed an oral glucose meal as a test (OMT). Baseline portal vein insulin fluxes (PVF) were similar in both groups (25.6 2 0.04 pmol/min in N and 24.7 k 19.4 pmol/min in IT). Immediately after OMT, PVF rose to 248.2 2 40.9 pmol/min in N, but only to 55.9 ± 17.9 pmol/min in IT. After 30 min PVF peaked for the second time in N at 156 k 35.9 pmol/min, declining slowly to baseline after 3 h. In IT, a similar peak at 30 min was seen (143.7 ± 22.1 pmol/min), declining to a value not different from baseline after 3 h. However, cumulative insulin PV fluxes in the two groups over 3 h were not different. Differences were also seen in postprandial glucose fluctuations, which reached a maximum excursion of 11.8 ± 0.45 mM in IT, while never rising above 7.8 t 0.33 mM in N. After 3 h both groups had similar glucose values. The principal defect discerned in IT was the lack of adequate first-phase insulin secretory response to OMT. Consequently, whereas islet cell-transplanted dogs were able to maintain fasting blood glucose within a normal range, the postprandial glucose responses showed greater fluctuations than normal.

An approach to the management of potential violence on a General Hospital Psychiatric Unit is described as it evolved following analysis of the successful handling of a series of problem patients. The importance of an attitude of acceptance towards potentially violent persons is emphasized as is an orientation towards prevention. An approach of consistency and directness with enhancement of the patient's positive personality features is favoured. The initial assessment is considered important and clues to the prediction of violence are highlighted, as are aspects of the supervision plan. A specific technique for prevention of violence based on the principle of Dislocation of Expectations, or doing differently than the subject expects, is introduced.

Data on 225 adult arsonists arrested in a metropolitan county over a four-year period were systematically gathered. In each case 83 variables related to the arsonist and the arson were examined. The presence or absence of a partner in crime clearly differentiated two groups of arsonists. Partner and solo arsonists are characterized by a different level of social functioning and a different burden of mental impairment and criminal history. By focusing on the partner variable, it also becomes clear that the characteristics of the offense are related to those of the offender.

Elopements from psychiatric units are a frequent but usually low-grade risk. However, they are sometimes followed by harmful consequences, for which the psychiatrist and the hospital may be held liable. We describe management methods developed to reduce such liability. These include a structured observation system and procedures to return elopers to the hospital or to refer them for community-based treatment. Data on 105 elopers and 360 controls were gathered and analyzed. Acceptance of some risk of elopement is inevitable on wards that follow the principle of treatment in the “least restrictive alternative.”

Nicholas Tarling: South East Asia: Past and Present, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 334, $5.55.W. H. C. Eddy, ed.: Studies In Demoracy, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 178 + xi, $3.75.Ruth Knight: Illiberal Liberal, Robert Lowe in New South Wales, 1842-1850, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1966, pp. 299 -f ix, $6.00.B. D. Graham: The Formation of the Australian Country Parties, Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1966, pp. 320 -f xiv, $6.90.C. Sanders, ed.: Technical Education for Development, University of Western Australia Press, 1966, pp. 302 -f- vii.Cyril Pearl: Wild Men of Sydney, Cheshire-Lansdowne, pp. 255, $2.50 paper, $4.20 bound.Bruce Mansfield: Australian Democrat, Sydney University Press, 1965, pp. 322, $3.00.T. H. Rigby, ed.: Stalin, Great Lives Observed series, Spectrum Books, Prentice-Hall, N.J., 1966, pp. 182, paperback $1.95, boards $4.95.D. G. Bettison, C. A. Hughes and P. W. van der Veur, eds.: The Papua-New Guinea Elections, 1964, The Australian National University, Canberra, 1965, pp. 545, $9.00.Denis Warner: Reporting South-East Asia, Angus & Robertson, 1966, pp. 342, $4.50.Patrick Ford: Cardinal Moran and the A.L.P. - A Study in the Encounter Between Moran and Socialism, 1890-1907, Melbourne University Press, 1966, pp. 319 + xxii, $7.50.

The survival time of men immersed in cold water has not as yet been adequately determined, although it is a matter of practical importance when disasters occur at sea. The shortening of survival time in water is apparently related to the acceleration of body heat loss in water as compared with air, but the amount of hypothermia that can be tolerated and the reasons for greater heat loss in water have not been clearly defined. The usual explanation, that water conducts heat from the body twenty to twenty-five times more rapidly than air, is inadequate, as will be shown later.The immersion experiments of Lefèvre1 were, on the whole, of too short duration to establish tolerance limits. Refrigeration of patients (Fay,2 Talbott,3 Dill and Forbes4) showed that man's body temperature may be reduced by several degrees without endangering life, but the environments employed during induction were