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Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) is an effective way to tackle day-to-day life problems nowadays, from Google Maps to Uber cabs. It is an effective and efficient way of data collection, processing and delivery of results to the users, from the users and for the users. All the entities that make up a Mobile crowd sensing system be it a worker, requester or miner can be represented as a node. All the nodes interact together to make a trustworthy system where there is a limited or no scope of deception. The traditional approach to crowd sensing gives little importance to communication between the nodes and in most cases, it assumes the communication happens through a secure channel and ignores the potential hazards. We propose a novel blockchain-based decentralized and collaborative approach to communicate between the nodes which would help workers/users to interact in real-time and solve conflicts should there be any. To decentralize we use the blockchain technology to overcome single point of failure which is a major issue, as mentioned peer-to-peer link between nodes is more expensive only but it improvise the security and privacy concerns by using the consensus mechanism. With the aim of improving the traditional communication technology between the nodes, we propose a mechanism based on Kafka, blockchain and RSA encryption for continuous exchange of data between the nodes which would help to enhance the security and efficiency of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the 1980s Margaret Thatcher's government attempted to reduce the economic power of the industrial working class by legislating against the trade unions and defeating the 1984–85 Miners' Strike, which saw her brand the miners as the 'enemy within'. At the time English football was an important part of male working-class culture, particularly for northern industrial workers and was coming under attack from the Government and press over football hooliganism. It has often been argued that Thatcher's trade union policies were designed to break the economic power of the industrial working class. If, through comparison, a link between this policy and the treatment of football supporters is found it will determine whether this conflict had a cultural aspect. Scholars have anecdotally made this link previously, but there has not been sufficient analysis of the comparison. This treatment will not analyse any actual links between the trade union movement and football supporters, but will focus on the Government and press treatment of football and trade unions and assess whether the Government was seeking to bind the two issues together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the representation of alluvial gold and placer mining in early modern art and thought, focusing on Jan Gossaert's painting of Danae and Jan Sadeler I's print of America. It discusses how these artworks influenced European views on exploration of the Americas, ecological thinking, and colonial policies related to destructive mining techniques; andd analyzes the discourse on gold sand and placer mining, and examines the conceptualization of alluvial gold and placer mining.

• A a new numerical association rule miner is proposed. • A newly developed onlineNARM miner representing the new Green AI. • New miner is able to faster exploiting of already explored search space. • The experimental results on four transaction databases showed huge potential also for the future. Green AI refers to those AI methods that are friendly to the environment, i.e., are capable to keep the consumption of electrical energy at a minimum. In this sense, a new numerical association rule miner is proposed that presents a combination of the already existing offline uARMSolver, belonging to a Red AI class, and a newly developed onlineNARM miner representing the new Green AI. The former is devoted to exhaustive search of the evolutionary solution space, while the latter for faster exploiting of already explored search space. The experimental results on four transaction databases showed that, by sacrificing the quality of the results by 0.7 ∼ % , by the onlineNARM we can obtain the results almost 85.0 ∼ % faster than with the uARMSolver in the best test scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Accurately modeling the blockchain system based on the miners' energy consumption during the data transactions process. • Offering a two-stage structure of energy consumption management of miners through an IPS-based placement algorithm. • Developing a distributed energy architecture among blockchain miners and the electrical grid and renewable energy resources located on the grid inspired by the PDMM concept. Addressing the blockchain technology (BCT) challenges, such as the high energy consumption is unavoidable in smart power systems to take maximum advantage. As an antithetical point, there is a structural duality between using BCT in the electrical grid due to its advantages and energy consumption. To this end, this research work is an inclination toward controlling the miner's energy consumption based on a realistic and efficacious two-stage energy mechanism toward the distributed energy concept and optimal placement of data mining devices. In this circumstance, such a new structure allows miners to mainly sustain their hash rates as a prominent index for security achievement and optimally decrease their cost. This paper suggests a novel distributed model for miners coincided with the smart electrical grid getting inspired by the Prima-Dual Method of Multipliers (PDMM) based distributed approach to settle down the needed power bartering between miners and energy supply resources. In addition, for a similar purpose, it seems to reach the ideal resolution needs to perform the modified reaffirmation of miners (the mining pool) within the secured grid. To execute this task, this research recommends the Intelligent Priority Selection (IPS) techniques as well. When all is said and done, the result of this approach can aid researchers with performing in the field of improving social advantages by the usage of the suggested method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how Zambian mine workers used the courts and a protest campaign to resist predatory lending by Stanbic Bank. Given that debt repayment was done directly from their salaries, these workers were not necessarily advocating debt refusal or default. Neither did they expect the courts to rule in their favour. Rather, they sought to resist the bank's arbitrary changes to the terms of the loan by naming and shaming the bank, highlighting the precariousness of their employment and taking advantage of the ruling party's desperation for miners' votes in order to advance their claims on the state. The article shows how debt resistance and citizenship claims upon the state can be combined by indebted workers in their struggles against finance capital. It draws on 36 months of ethnographic research conducted among miners and their families in Mufulira and Kitwe on the Zambian Copperbelt between 2016 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing threats to biodiversity from pest species is a global challenge. One such challenge is to mitigate the impact of an overabundant Australian songbird, the noisy miner Manorina melanocephala, on woodland birds. The overabundance of noisy miners is listed as a key threatening process under federal biodiversity legislation, but current understanding of where and how noisy miner populations can be managed to yield conservation benefits is unclear. We evaluated the effectiveness of noisy miner removal across 12 treatment areas totaling 3913 ha and nine control areas totaling 1487 ha important for the critically endangered regent honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia. Removal of noisy miners significantly reduced their densities in all but one of the treatment areas. In 10 of the 12 treatment areas, noisy miner densities remained below an impact threshold of 0.65–0.83 birds ha−1 for at least 3 to more than 12 months. The percentage of suitable noisy miner habitat in the surrounding landscape was not a strong predictor of noisy miner management success. Regent honeyeaters occupied six treatment areas, nesting successfully in four. The abundance of other songbirds increased post‐miner removal in seven areas, decreased in three, and was mixed in two. Data from the control areas showed some variation in songbird numbers was independent of noisy miner management. We conclude that noisy miners can be managed in areas of high conservation value for a minimum cost of AUD $10 ha−1. Larger treatment areas may be more important than the broader landscape context in maintaining long‐term noisy miner suppression. Standardized, long‐term monitoring is crucial to identify not only the drivers of pest species recolonization but also locations where threats from pests on endangered species can be addressed effectively while minimizing animal welfare and financial costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a relation-centric algorithm for solving arithmetic word problems (AWPs) by synergizing a syntax-semantics extractor for extracting explicit relations, and a neural network miner for mining implicit relations. This is the first algorithm that has a specific component to acquire implicit knowledge items for solving AWPs. This paper proposes a three-phase scheme to decompose the challenging task of designing an algorithm for solving AWPs into three smaller tasks. The first phase proposes a state-action paradigm; the second phase instantiates the paradigm into a relation-centric approach; and the third phase implements a relation-centric algorithm for solving AWPs. There are two main steps in the proposed algorithm: problem understanding and symbolic solver. By adopting the relation-centric approach, problem understanding becomes a task of relation acquisition. For conducting the task of relation acquisition, a relaxed syntax-semantics method first extracts a group of explicit relation candidates. In parallel, a neural network miner acquires implicit relation candidates. The miner computes the vectors encoded by BERT to determine which implicit relations should be added. Thus, problem understanding can acquire both explicit relations and implicit relations, which addresses the challenge of building a problem understanding method that can acquire all the knowledge items to find the solution. In the subsequent step of symbolic solver, a fusion procedure forms a distilled set of relations from all the candidates by discarding unnecessary relations. Experimentation on nine benchmark datasets validates the superiority of the proposed algorithm that outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Environmental radon has been examined as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases in a small number of previous studies, but the findings have been inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the association between occupational radon exposure and neurodegenerative disease in a cohort of male miners with work experience in multiple ore types in Ontario, Canada. Methods: Radon exposure (1915–1988) was assessed using two job‐exposure matrices (JEM) constructed from using historical records for 34,536 Ontario male miners. Neurodegenerative outcomes were ascertained between 1992 and 2018. Poisson regression models were used to estimate incidence rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between cumulative radon exposure in working level months (WLM) and each neurodegenerative outcome. Results: Levels of cumulative radon exposure showed variability among cohort members with a mean of 7.5 WLM (standard deviation 24.4). Miners in uranium mines or underground jobs had higher levels and more variability in exposure than workers in non‐uranium work or surface jobs. Compared to the reference group (radon < 1 WLM), increased rates of Alzheimer's (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.05–1.45) and Parkinson's disease (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.08–1.89) were observed among workers with >1–5 WLM and >5–10 WLM, respectively, but not among higher exposed workers (>10 WLM). Conclusion: This study did not observe a positive monotonic dose–response relationship between cumulative radon exposure and Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease in Ontario mining workers. There was no association observed with motor neuron disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intelligent development of coal mines is a crucial way to achieve the safe, efficient, green, and low-carbon transformation of the coal industry and to reach the "double carbon" target, which is related to the life and health of miners, the stable development of enterprises and the national energy reform. As directly affected subjects, the cooperative attitudes of miners in different emotional states have a significant impact on the smooth implementation of intelligent coal mine renovation projects. Hence, we combined the RDEU theory and game theory, constructed a three-party evolutionary game model of the small and medium-sized energy enterprises (SMEE), the government, and the miner, considered the influence of the strategies made by the miner on the equilibrium strategy choices of other game subjects in the intelligent coal mine construction under the rational and irrational emotional states of the miner, and finally used MATLAB 2021 to simulate and analyze the impact of the evolution of the gaming system from 3 key elements: initial participation rate, construction costs, and government support. The study found the following: (1) The government will insist on actively promoting intelligent coal mine construction regardless of the miner's emotional state. (2) Both moderate pessimism and optimism will, to a certain extent, give a positive impetus to the development of intelligent coal mine construction. (3) The miner's emotions have a greater impact on SMEE than on the government's strategic behavior. (4) Excessive construction costs or low government support will make SMEE may reduce the enthusiasm of SMEE to carry out an intelligent construction of coal mines. Accordingly, corresponding suggestions and countermeasures are put forward, aiming to provide targeted and practical ideas for the efficient construction of intelligent coal mines in China, thereby accelerating the green and low-carbon transformation of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mine noise affects human physiology, psychology, and behavior. It causes errors at work and increases accidents. In this study, we built a coal mine noise simulation experiment system. The system not only included an experimental environment simulation system and a physiological indicator test system, but it also added a miners' working simulation system. This paper aimed to study the effect of different short-term (25 min) noise levels (60 dB, 70 dB, 80 dB, 90 dB, and 100 dB) on human physiology (skin conductivity and heart rate). Critical analysis showed that the stronger the noise intensity is, the shorter the contact time it takes for physiological indicators to present significant changes, and by setting different noises and measuring the skin conductivity and heart rate of human body, it was concluded that the noise level should be reduced to 90 dB to reduce accidents of miners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In early 1922, in the wake of a global depression followed by rapidly deteriorating labour and economic conditions, several thousand white mine workers on the Witwatersrand in the Union of South Africa went on strike. These miners armed and organised themselves into commandos and took to the streets. During the opening phases of the unrest, these paramilitary units clashed with the South African Police. By the beginning of March, the strikes transformed into a violent insurrection with railway workers also joining its ranks after negotiations between the mine workers, mine owners, and the government failed and new militant leadership assumed command. As chaos and disorder engulfed large tracts of the Johannesburg goldfields and levels of violence assumed new proportions, the state's legitimacy increasingly came under threat. In response, martial law was declared, and elements of the Union Defence Force were deployed to quell the so-called 1922 Rand Revolt. Historically unaccustomed to urban warfare and without an appropriate doctrine, the defence force became involved in several high-intensity urban counterinsurgency operations against the strike commandos. Drawing from a variety of archival material, this article investigates the combat operations undertaken by the UDF to suppress the 1922 Rand Revolt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming to solve the problems of large environmental interference and complex types of personnel behavior that are difficult to identify in the current identification of unsafe behavior in mining areas, an improved spatial temporal graph convolutional network (ST-GCN) for miners' unsafe behavior identification network in a transportation roadway (NP-AGCN) was proposed. First, the skeleton spatial-temporal map constructed using multi-frame human key points was used for behavior recognition to reduce the interference caused by the complex environment of the coal mine. Second, aiming to solve the problem that the original graph structure cannot learn the association relationship between the non-naturally connected nodes, which leads to the low recognition rate of climbing belts, fighting and other behaviors, the graph structure was reconstructed and the original partitioning strategy was changed to improve the recognition ability of the model for multi-joint interaction behaviors. Finally, in order to alleviate the problem that the graph convolution network has difficulty learning global information due to the small receptive field, multiple self-attention mechanisms were introduced into the graph convolution to improve the recognition ability of the model for unsafe behaviors. In order to verify the detection ability of the model regarding identifying unsafe behaviors of personnel in a coal mine belt area, our model was tested on the public datasets NTU-RGB + D and the self-built datasets of unsafe behaviors in a coal mine belt area. The recognition accuracies of the proposed model in the above datasets were 94.7% and 94.1%, respectively, which were 6.4% and 7.4% higher than the original model, which verified that the proposed model had excellent recognition accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WC55-Y hydraulic support transporters allow an efficient transport of support equipment in fully mechanized mining faces. However, the diesel particulate matter (DPM) emitted by these transporters seriously pollutes the air environment along mine roadways, endangering the health of coal mine workers. In this paper, we simulated the diffusion dispersion of DPM during the functioning of a WC55-Y hydraulic support transporter (emitting high amounts of exhaust pollutants) by computational fluid dynamics, identifying high DPM concentration zones. While the transporter was driven along a coal auxiliary transportation roadway, the diffusion–dispersion characteristics of DPM changed: DPM reached a long horizontal diffusion distance and a high concentration. We found that to avoid the inhalation of DPM and reduce its potential harm, coal mine workers should keep a distance of at least 21.27 m from the hydraulic support transporter while the vehicle runs along the roadway. Moreover, according to our simulation, the operators responsible for disassembling the hydraulic support transporter should wear protective equipment with good filterability while unloading it. Overall, the findings of this study can be applied to outline new work practice guidelines and design new optimum auxiliary ventilation for reducing underground miner exposure to DPM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the operation of bolter miners, the cutting arm is an essential and weak part and its fatigue life directly affects its performance. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the cutting head load on the fatigue life of a cutting arm using the DEM-MFBD (Discrete Element Method-Multi Flexible Body Dynamics) bi-directional coupling technique. The EJM340 bolter miner was chosen as the research object, and a three-dimensional solid model of the bolter miner was built using the RecurDyn software. The cutting arm was flexibly modelled, and the tunnel model was built using the EDEM software. The motion parameters of the bolter miner and cutting head load were transferred through the bi-directional coupling interface to obtain the loads and stress parameters during the entire tunnel cutting process. Based on the stress-time variation, the fatigue life of the cutting arm was calculated, the overall damage and crack initiation locations were obtained, and the minimum number of cutting arm cycles was determined. The accuracy of the virtual model is verified through field experiments. The analysis results indicated that the crack emergence location and fatigue life obtained from the simulation were in agreement with the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business processes are omnipresent in nowadays economy: companies operate repetitively to achieve their goals, e.g., deliver goods, complete orders. The business process model is the key to understanding, managing, controlling, and verifying the operations of a company. Modeling of business processes may be a legal requirement in some market segments, e.g., financial in the European Union, and a prerequisite for certification, e.g., of the ISO-9001 standard. However, business processes naturally evolve, and continuous model adaptation is essential for rapid spot and reaction to changes in the process. The main contribution of this work is the Continuous Inductive Miner (CIM) algorithm that discovers and continuously adapts the process tree, an established representation of the process model, using the batches of event logs of the business process. CIM joins the exclusive guarantees of its two batch predecessors, the Inductive Miner (IM) and the Inductive Miner – directly-follows-based (IMd): perfectly fit and sound models, and single-pass event log processing, respectively. CIM offers much shorter computation times in the update scenario than IM and IMd. CIM employs statistical information to work around the need to remember event logs as IM does while ensuring the perfect fit, contrary to IMd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify and analyze psychosocial risk factors of artisanal amber mining carried out by the Tsotsil population of Simojovel, Chiapas, Mexico. This is a qualitative ethnographic research study that made use of semi structured interviews, field notes and participant observations. The participants were former miners, active miners, female and male artisans, consumers and employees from cultural institutions. The results indicate that the psychosocial risk factors of artisanal mining are associated with working conditions, work informalities, multiple activities and aspects related to the ethnic origin, gender and group affiliation of those who participate in mining work. It is concluded that it is necessary to generate strategic alliances, specific proposals and actions that aim to the construction of a public policy that considers the formalization of artisanal mining, access to technology, environmental care and the improvement of living, working and health conditions of the population dedicated to mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fly-In Fly-Out (FIFO), which entails travelling mostly from the urban areas to stay and work in remote areas for designated periods and travel back home to spend designated days of leave, has become a common work arrangement in the mining sector globally. This study examined the mental and physical health of FIFO workers and described their health-related behaviours during on-and off-shift periods. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with FIFO workers (N = 216) in the mining industry in Australia who completed an online survey. Paired t-test and McNemer's analysis examined the differences in health-related behaviours during workers' on-and off-shift days. Logistic regression examined the predictors of physical health and psychological distress status of FIFO workers. Results: Workers reported longer sleep duration (7.5 ± 1.5 h vs 6.3 ± 1.2 h, p < 0.001) and better sleep quality (78.2% vs 46.3%, p < 0.001) during off-shift nights than on on-shift nights. Smoking prevalence was 26.4%, and workers reported smoking a similar number of cigarettes per day during on-and off-shift days. Most workers reported drinking alcohol (86.1%) and more often at risky levels during off-shift than on-shift days (57.9% vs 34.3%, p < 0.001). Fruits and vegetable consumption was low but with higher vegetable intake during off-shift days (2.8 ± 1.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.3 serves, p < 0.001). Workers had good physical health status (91.2%), but 71.4% were overweight/obese and 33.4% indicated high levels of psychological distress. Working on long shifts (OR 6.63, 95% CI 1.84–23.91) and smoking (OR 7.17, 95% CI 2.67–19.26) were linked to high psychological distress. Conclusions: The prevalence of psychological distress and risky health behaviours was high. Interventions should aim to reduce psychological distress and support multiple behaviour changes, considering FIFO work-related characteristics including long shift hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the worker-employer conflicts in one of the representative companies of the mining industry in Mexico in the context of the great depression of the world economy of 1929, based on the study of the group's files documentary of the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration belonging to the General Archive of the Nation corresponding to the company ASARCO in the period 1927-1932. The study carried out contributes to broaden the understanding of the way in which the crisis affected the working conditions of mining workers, as well as the way in which the State, through the Conciliation and Arbitration Boards, acted in conflicts between the capital and labor in the context of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Coal miners are more prone to musculoskeletal injuries to their knees due to specific repetitive movements while working in the seams. We aimed to identify the kinds of and quantify traumatic musculoskeletal injuries to the knee in the coal miners. Methods: A retrospective observational analysis of all consecutive emergency admissions of the coal miners with occupational knee injuries between January 2018 and December 2020 was performed. A total of 94 knee trauma events in 79 knees of 76 patients were analyzed in the study. Musculoskeletal injuries of the meniscal and ligamentous/tendinous structures were identified using magnetic resonance imaging of the affected knees. Results: The medial meniscal and the anterior cruciate ligament injuries were detected in 72.3% and 51.1% of the events, respectively. Grade 2 and 3 medial meniscal injuries were the most common grades (39.7% and 41.2%, respectively). For the anterior cruciate ligament injuries, grade 2 was the most common (56.3%). In 48.9% of the cases, we detected bony bruise/edema in the tibial plateau (52.2%), and the condyles of the femur (45.7%) were almost equally affected. Intraarticular effusions appeared in 59.6% of the cases. Conclusions: Our findings provide detailed identification of the injuries seen in the coal miners. The medial meniscus and the anterior cruciate ligament are the most frequently injured structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plant beverages sold in the streets of Peru constitute traditional nutraceutical foods, that are little studied. Changes and the socioeconomic factors associated with these changes, in the beverages sold in the city of Cajamarca (Peru), were evaluated between 2004 and 2018. Methods included surveys, interviews, direct observation and participatory observation. The number of beverages offered ranged from 6 to 12. The "maca" (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) cart left the market, and the "sugar cane" (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice cart entered. The number of carts increased by 84%, and "orange" [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] juice became the most important. Medicinal species decreased by 26%, with exclusions, inclusions and new combinations, and were recommended for nine types of conditions. Overall demand grew by 251%. The most important factors associated to changes were the growth of the floating population (university students, mining workers, tourists and travelers) and the relevance or "boom" of Peruvian gastronomy. Beverages were able to position themselves in the market and grow through diversification and improvements. This research provides information on dynamics of the beverages and the plants used and has a historical character for the city of Cajamarca and Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wide range of Blockchain (BC) applications and BC's ubiquity come from the fact that BC, as a collection of records linked to each other, is strongly resistant to alteration, protected using cryptography, and maintained autonomously. All these benefits come with a cost, which in BC is expressed by a very high use of energy needed to execute consensus protocols. Traditionally, consensus protocols based on Proof-of-Work (PoW) ensure fairness, but are not very useful. The paradigm proposed in the recent literature, known as Proof-of-Useful-Work (PoUW), assumes the completion of additional useful work for the same amount of resources (energy) used. However, the majority of the proposed PoUW approaches do not adequately consider fairness in balancing and controlling the difficulty of the work miners need to perform. A minority of the studies that do address fairness in miners' work utilize PoW as a tool to ensure it. Therefore, a general framework to provide a structure for understanding the difficulty of useful work and how it can be used to fine-tune the complexity of miners' effort in PoUW-based consensus protocols is proposed in this paper. The main characteristic of the proposed framework is that controlling the difficulty and fairness of miners' work in PoUW-based consensus protocols is achieved exclusively through the useful work. The modules of the framework are discussed, and many research challenges and opportunities are articulated. The benefits of the proposed approach are illustrated taking as an example two optimization algorithms for a variant of the scheduling problem. In addition, the steps that should be taken to make this general framework applicable to any PoUW-based consensus protocols are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Noise has many psychological effects. Although different studies have so far focused on various psychological effects, they have not evaluated communication skills and cognitive triad. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of noise exposure and noise annoyance on communication skills and cognitive triad. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 workers in 2021. The equivalent sound level (LeqA) was determined using dosimetry. Based on LeqA, noise exposure was divided into permissible and impermissible types. Noise annoyance was measured by the numerical rating scale recommended by ISO/TS 15666:2003. The Communication Skills Questionnaire and Cognitive Triad Inventory were used for data collection. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 24 using an independent samples t test and Spearman correlation test. Results: The mean (± standard deviation) age of workers was equal to 33.87 (± 5.95) years. The results of the correlation test showed a positive and significant relationship between LeqA and noise annoyance (P < 0.001, r = 0.82). Based on the results of the independent samples t test, there was no significant difference in the scores of communication skills (P = 0.11) and cognitive triad (P = 0.93) in the two groups. Conclusion: In this study, a positive and significant relationship was found between noise exposure and noise annoyance. In addition, communication and cognitive skills were not significantly different in the two study groups. To accurately determine the relationships of variables, it is recommended to conduct similar studies with larger sample sizes while considering variables such as personality traits and social intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we explore the theoretical and empirical links between gender and resilience within the context of crisis management by developing a theoretically oriented analysis of the iconic case of the 33 Chilean miners rescue. Analytic focus is placed on the capacity of resilience‐promoting actors to embody and transform the discursive and practical dimensions of gendered regimes that predominate at an organizational level. As a result, we can distinguish four distinct modalities—normative redefinition, emotional reaccommodation, resistance, and affective affirmation—through which the gendered dimension of resilience becomes undone and redone, based on the action of alternative rationalities and affects. Overall, our findings indicate that resilience cannot be made possible without effectively disputing the norms that dispose how bodies, in all their diversity, are able to be recognized and socially experienced to face and manage crises effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First Nations perspectives on the Frontier Wars are gaining increasing interest in historical, academic, political and social spheres. The arrival of squatters and miners brought momentous change to Ewamian people in Queensland's Gulf savannah. Aboriginal resistance was followed by European reprisals, a pattern seen across Australia. A key aim of our paper is to address the dominant view of how Ewamian contact history is presented -- Ewamian people did not passively accept the arrival of Europeans; the historic sources describe a resistance that continued over 35 years in three distinct phases. This paper has two aims. First, we challenge the colonial narrative that describes Ewamian as passive respondents to European colonialism. Second, we reinterpret the colonial narratives to identify three phases of resistance in the Ewamian estate in response to the changing nature of the colonial frontier in Queensland's Gulf savannah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study aimed to examine the conditions and factors affecting pneumoconiosis cases to determine the dimensions of the pneumoconiosis problem. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary research hospital between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2021. Five hundred ninety-seven patients with pneumoconiosis were included in the study. Results: Large opacities were detected in 157 cases. When we compared cases with and without Pulmonary Massive Fibrosis (PMF), age and concomitant pulmonary disease were higher in PMF cases, which also showed lower FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. PMF was more frequent in subjects with long dust exposure duration (more than 20 years) and concomitant pulmonary diseases, particularly tuberculosis. Three occupations, sandblasters, dental technicians, and ceramic workers, showed the earliest onset of pneumoconiosis. Conclusions: The study presents pneumoconiosis data in a mixed and large population and contributes to the implementation of evidence-based policies and interventions for countries like Turkey striving to cope with the problem of pneumoconiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain is one of the trending technologies quite popular in the 21st century. It is the brain behind the widely known and used Bitcoin networks that is implemented on a simple mechanism of a shared, immutable, and distributed network. It is ideal if the information that needs to be fetched is immediate, sharable, and completely transparent and is stored on an immutable ledger that can be accessed by only permissioned network members. It facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network. A Blockchain network can do much important work like tracking orders, payments, accounts, productions, and much more. The details of the transaction can be seen from end to end, giving greater confidence. One of the properties of the Blockchain network is that it is decentralized. So, the details of the Blockchain network are substantiated by a consensus algorithm. There are some traditional consensus algorithms that are widely used, including algorithms such as PoW (Proof of Work) and PoS (Proof of Stake). They are a matter of concern due to their demerits of being computationally expensive and moving of system towards monopoly. Though there have been some optimizations on PoW and PoS, the problem still prevails. Especially the biggest challenge the Blockchain systems face is scalability. In this paper, a solution to the above problem is discussed by providing an algorithm based on Artificial Intelligence (Al) technology while reducing the demerits of the system. The main purpose Blockchain network serve is set up to generate data about the miners in order to train the machine learning model like Random Forest, KNN (K Nearest Neighbor), and Logistic Regression. The machine learning model gave outstanding results with improved efficiency and improved scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry, currently undergoing profound changes, is destined to play an increasingly important economic role in the province of Quebec, Canada. Activity in this sector, its real net impact on government tax revenue, the economy, society, and the creation of wealth, is the subject of much discussion. Occupational health and safety is a major preoccupation in the mining sector, in which considerable numbers of workers suffer workplace accidents or occupational diseases due to the use of industrial chemicals, compounding the problem of exposure to noxious substances that exist naturally in mines or are produced inevitably in the course of normal mining operations. Air in mines thus can become laden with a wide variety of chemical agents, in the form of suspended solids, liquid droplets, and vapors and gases. Long-term exposure to most of these agents can seriously harm the health of mineworkers. Prevention remains the key to avoiding the social and economic consequences of these hazards and will make mining a more attractive sector for investment and employment in Canada. The principal focus of this study, presented in two articles, is to set a preliminary theoretical framework for categorizing chemicals in terms of their effects on the health of mineworkers throughout the various phases of mining projects. The objective is to decrease (over the long term) the number of occupational diseases due to the use of chemicals by raising awareness among employers and exposed workers in the mining sector. This research was conducted in four phases. The first article presented a review of the literature [1] on the chemical aspects of health and safety in mining in the province of Quebec. In the present article, the findings on the recurrence of health problems attributable to chemicals encountered in mines and how these effects should therefore be ranked from an occupational health and safety perspective are presented. The results show that various forms of dermatitis are the most recurrent health and safety risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CS is the property of Rafael Silva Vega and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

While literature reviews play an increasingly important role in theory development, understanding how they contribute to the process of theorizing is lacking. This article develops the metaphor of a miner-prospector continuum, which allows review scholars to identify approaches taken in literature reviews to develop theory. We identify eight strategies located on a continuum ranging from miners—who position their contributions within a bounded and established domain of study alongside other researchers—to prospectors, who are more likely to step outside disciplinary boundaries, introducing novel perspectives and venture beyond knowledge silos. We explore the pathways between miner and prospector in terms of strategies followed, choices made, risks borne, and benefits gained. We identify the roles to be played by different stakeholders in balancing the mix between miners and prospectors. While respecting the need for both miner and prospector approaches, we suggest that collective efforts toward encouraging prospector reviews could assist management research in tackling, through reviews, the complex challenges facing organizations and society today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ingente Americana is the property of Ingente Americana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Průzkumy Památek is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicología (Santiago) is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Mineworkers in Southern Africa have the highest rates of tuberculosis (TB) among working populations in the world (The World Bank, Benefits and costs associated with reducing tuberculosis among Southern Africa’s mineworkers, 2014), making mineworkers a key population for TB program efforts. The current evaluation aimed to characterize mineworkers and former (ex-) mineworkers, and assess knowledge, attitudes and practices related to TB and HIV care among mineworkers and healthcare workers (HCWs) in Zambia. Methods A mixed-methods evaluation of current and former (ex-) mineworkers and HCWs was conducted in the Copperbelt and North-Western provinces, Zambia. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) related to TB care and policies were assessed using a structured survey. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with current and ex-mineworkers to understand perceptions, practices, and barriers related to accessing healthcare for TB. Results Overall, 2,792 mineworkers and 94 HCWs completed the KAP survey, and 206 (171 current, 71 ex-) mineworkers participated in FGDs. Mineworkers and ex-mineworkers were knowledgeable about TB symptoms (cough; 94%), transmission (81.7%) and treatment (99.2%). Yet, barriers to seeking care were evident with 30% of mineworkers experiencing cough, and 19% reporting 2 or more TB symptoms at the time of the survey. The majority of mineworkers (70.9%) were aware of policies barring persons from working after a diagnosis of TB, and themes from FGDs and HCW comments (n = 32/62; 51.6%) recognized fear of job loss as a critical barrier to providing timely screening and appropriate care for TB among mineworkers. The majority (76.9%) of mineworkers indicated they would not disclose their TB status to their supervisor, but would be willing to share their diagnosis with their spouse (73.8%). Conclusion Fear of job loss, driven by governmental policy and mistrust in mining companies, is a major barrier to healthcare access for TB among mineworkers in Zambia. As a result of these findings, the government policy prohibiting persons from working in the mines following TB disease is being repealed. However, major reforms are urgently needed to mitigate TB among mineworkers, including ensuring the rights of mineworkers and their communities to healthy living and working environments, improved social responsibility of mining companies, and facilitating choice and access to affordable, timely, and high-quality healthcare services.

In order to maintain the function of a decentralized financial system like Bitcoin, transaction fees are offered to engage miners in the transaction confirmation process. This paper investigates the effect of miner competition on the equilibrium transaction fees. We develop a game-theoretic model with costly entry into mining activities. We find that miners may strategically assemble fewer transactions into a block to reduce total fees, and as a result, to deter entry. Equilibrium transaction fees also depend on block rewards as a rise in total fees is accompanied by a drop in rewards. Our empirical analysis supports the model's predictions. We provide evidence on the existence of excess capacity in a block, taking into account the random confirmation process. The empirical findings demonstrate that heightened competition tends to increase the block size and total fees. Furthermore, the halving of rewards correlates to a fee hike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article in the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry discusses the flexible coordination of SacNac ligands in iridium complexes and their application to catalytic hydroboration. The cover feature highlights the historical importance of mining in Guanajuato, Mexico, while showcasing the novel bonding of IrI and IrIII organometallic precursors to SacNac ligands. The research also presents successful catalytical hydroboration of styrene with neopentylglycolborane. For more details, readers can refer to the Research Article authored by J. Campos, O. Serrano, C. Cristobal, and their colleagues. [Extracted from the article]

In this study, we extensively examined the distribution of radon concentration and its influencing factors in a single headway were extensively examined using numerical simulation methods. Initially, the hazards posed by radon and its sources in mines were introduced. Subsequently, a roadway pressure-entry ventilation model was constructed, taking a section of a uranium mine's one-head roadway as the backdrop. This model accounted for the influence of wind speed, temperature, and humidity on radon concentration during the simulation process. The findings reveal that under pressure-entry ventilation conditions, the wind flow field in the sole headway can be classified into a vortex zone, transition zone, and stable zone. Furthermore, an appropriate increase in the air velocity of the press-in ventilation contributes significantly to reducing radon concentration in the roadway. Additionally, both temperature and humidity were observed to impact the distribution of radon concentration. This study holds both theoretical and practical implications for optimizing mine ventilation systems and safeguarding the health of mine workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cover Caption: The cover image is based on the Article Incidence of cardiovascular disease in a cohort of mine workers exposed to ultrafine aluminum powder in Ontario, Canada by Andrew Zarnke et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.23646..By Andrew Zarnke; Sarah Rhodes; Nathan DeBono; Colin Berriault and Sandra C. DormanReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Fatigue of miners is caused by intensive workloads, long working hours, and shift-work schedules. It is one of the major factors increasing the risk of safety problems and work mistakes. Examining the detection of miner fatigue is important because it can potentially prevent work accidents and improve working efficiency in underground coal mines. Many previous studies have introduced feature-based machine-learning methods to estimate miner fatigue. This work proposes a method that uses electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to generate topographic maps containing frequency and spatial information. It utilizes a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify the normal state, critical state, and fatigue state of miners. The topographic maps are generated from the EEG signals and contrasted using power spectral density (PSD) and relative power spectral density (RPSD). These two feature extraction methods were applied to feature recognition and four representative deep-learning methods. The results showthat RPSD achieves better performance than PSD in classification accuracy with all deep-learning methods. The CNN achieved superior results to the other deep-learning methods, with an accuracy of 94.5%, precision of 97.0%, sensitivity of 94.8%, and F1 score of 96.3%. Our results also show that the RPSD–CNN method outperforms the current state of the art. Thus, this method might be a useful and effective miner fatigue detection tool for coal companies in the near future.