Search

Illegal mining in the Brazilian Amazon, particularly in Yanomami Indigenous territory, has had devastating effects on Indigenous health. The mining activities have led to various health issues, including infectious diseases, malnutrition, mercury exposure, and increased mortality. The incidence of malaria has also increased due to mining, as it creates breeding sites for mosquitoes. The incidence of malaria in Yanomami territory has significantly increased in recent years. Addressing these challenges will require a comprehensive approach, including improved health education, access to accurate diagnosis and treatment, and environmental protection measures. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the first reported case of Lucio's Phenomenon (LP) in a patient with lepromatous leprosy following the administration of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 viral vector vaccine. LP is a necrotizing vasculopathy associated with coagulation abnormalities and is characterized by ulcerating erythematous/cyanotic lesions. The patient experienced the development of necrotic ulcers on her limbs, abdomen, and back after receiving the vaccine. The article emphasizes the need for monitoring post-vaccination adverse events, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of leprosy, while also acknowledging the proven safety, efficacy, and benefits of COVID-19 vaccines. [Extracted from the article]

We investigated the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals working in radio and television stations (TV) in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1 to December 20, 2020, a period which was considered as the beginning of the second wave of COVID-19 in the state. One hundred and thirteen professionals from the three largest media companies in the state were included in this study. Venous blood was collected using venipuncture and a fluorescence immunoassay for qualitative detection and differentiation of IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was performed. Twenty-eight media workers had detectable levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (11 IgM+, 6 IgM+/ IgG+, and 11 IgG+) and the estimated seroprevalence was 24.8 % (95 % CI 17.7 - 33.5). Our findings showed a high seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in radio and TV workers during the second wave of COVID-19 in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deleterious oral habits (DOH) have been described as a common finding in pediatric series. Studies have investigated their association with local and systemic health problems. In this study, the association between DOH and asthma was investigated. PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and OpenThesis were accessed to identify observational studies that evaluated the association between DOH (thumb sucking, pacifier use, onychophagia or nail biting, bottle feeding) and asthma in children aged 2-17 years. Information on DOH was obtained from the verbal report of the children's parents. Asthma diagnosis was performed by a physician or using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. We used a random-effects model to pool the results. The odds ratio (OR) was used as measure of association between DOH and asthma. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies was used to assess risk of bias. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. Five studies were included and data from 18,733 children aged 2 to 13 years were analyzed. We found an association between bottle feeding and asthma (OR = 1.25; 95%CI 1.13-1.38; p < 0.001) with moderate level of certainty. Despite the association between pacifier use and asthma (OR = 1.11; 95%CI 1.00-1.24; p = 0.05), the quality of evidence was low. Only one study provided data on nail biting and thumb-sucking, and the individual results showed no association between these habits and asthma. This meta-analysis found an association between bottle feeding, pacifier use, and asthma in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Heart transplantation (HTx) is the gold standard procedure for selected individuals with refractory heart failure. Highintensity interval training (HIIT) is safe and allows patients to exercise in high intensity for longer time when compared to moderateintensity continuous training (MICT). The primary aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis about the effect of HIIT compared to MICT on exercise capacity, peak heart rate, and heart rate reserve in HTx recipients. Secondarily, we pooled data comparing MICT and no exercise training in these patients. Methods: This systematic review followed the standardization of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Metaanalyses statement and the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook. We presented the treatment effects of HIIT on the outcomes of interest as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Metaanalysis was performed using the random-effects, generic inverse variance method. Results: HIIT improved peak oxygen consumption (peakVO2) (MD = 2.1; 95% CI 1.1, 3.1; P<0.0001), peak heart rate (MD = 3.4; 95% CI 0.8, 5.9; P=0.009), and heart rate reserve (MD = 4.8; 95% CI -0.05, 9.6; P=0.05) compared to MICT. Improvements on peakVO2 (MD = 3.5; 95% CI 2.3, 4.7; P<0.00001) and peak heart rate (MD = 5.6; 95% CI 1.6, 9.6; P=0.006) were found comparing HIIT and no exercise training. Conclusion: Current available evidence suggests that HIIT leads to improvements on peakVO2, peak heart rate, and heart rate reserve compared to MICT in HTx recipients. However, the superiority of HIIT should be tested in isocaloric protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EXCLI Journal 2021;20:276-280 - ISSN 1611-2156 Received: January 27, 2021, accepted: February 06, 2021, published: February 09, 2021 276 Letter to the editor: SEROPREVALENCE OF SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES IN LOW-INCOME UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Adriano Antunes de Souza Araújo, PhD 1,5,6, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, PhD 2,5,6*, Dulce Marta Schimieguel, PhD 1,6, Cristiane Bani Corrêa, PhD 3,5, Tatiana Rodrigues de Moura, PhD 3,5, Rafael Ciro Marques Cavalcante, PhD 4, Renata Grespan, PhD 2,7, Daniele de Vasconcelos Cerqueira-Meneses, MSc 5, José Antônio Barreto-Alves, PhD 8, Paulo Ricardo Martins-Filho, PhD 5,9 1 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 2 Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 3 Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 4 Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil 5 Health Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil 6 Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 7 Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil 8 Graduate Program in Nursing, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil 9 Investigative Pathology Laboratory, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil * Corresponding author: Prof. L.J. Quintans-Júnior, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Fisiologia. EXCLI Journal 2021;20:276-280 - ISSN 1611-2156 Received: January 27, 2021, accepted: February 06, 2021, published: February 09, 2021 277 This cross-sectional study included students registered with the Programa de Auxílio Moradia e Residência Universitária (PAMRU- the Housing and University Residency Assistance Program) at the Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), Sergipe State, Northeast Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate oral and maxillofacial outcomes in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) and the presence of nonnutritive sucking habits, functional habits, and features related to breastfeeding and nutrition of these children.Study Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 45 children with CZS and 50 healthy controls in Sergipe state, Brazil, from February 2018 to June 2018. Demographic and clinical data, including breastfeeding and feeding data, were obtained for each child. Additionally, oral and maxillofacial evaluation was performed.Results: Low weight (prevalence rate [PR] 8.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02-34.45), nonexclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months (PR 1.56; 95% CI 1.18-2.08); mouth breathing (PR 3.46; 95% CI 1.83-6.52); difficulty in swallowing (PR 6.00; 95% CI 2.53-14.25); and excessive salivation (PR 4.81; 95% CI 2.18-10.62) were more frequent in children with CZS. Children with CZS were more likely to have abnormal insertion of the upper labial frenulum (PR 7.04; 95% CI 2.23-22.20); ogival palate (PR 3.70; 95% CI 1.63-8.40), dental enamel defects (PR 2.22; 95% CI 1.05-4.69); and delayed dental eruption (PR 8.89; 95% CI 1.16-68.32) compared with healthy children.Conclusions: Children with CZS had a higher frequency of problems related to breastfeeding, low weight, and oral and maxillofacial abnormalities compared with healthy children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between asthma and mouth breathing. We performed a systematic search in the PubMed, SCOPUS, Lilacs, Web of Science, Google Scholar and OpenThesis databases. Recent Findings: Asthma is defined as a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest oppression and/or cough, and limitation of expiratory airflow. Although several studies have examined the association between asthma and mouth breathing, there are no systematic reviews or meta-analyses that synthesize the available bodies of evidence. Summary: We used the odds ratio as a measure of the association between asthma and mouth breathing. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models, and the risk of bias was estimated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies and the National Institutes of Health tool for cross-sectional studies. Nine studies were included in the present systematic review. Data from 12,147 subjects were analyzed, of which 2083 were children and adolescents and 10,064 were adults. We found an association between mouth breathing and asthma in children and adolescents (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.78–3.39) and in adults (OR 4.60, 95% CI 1.49–14.20). However, limitations were found in the methodological description of the included studies, as well as high heterogeneity among studies evaluating adult populations. This meta-analysis showed an association between mouth breathing and asthma in children, adolescents and adults, but the results should be interpreted with caution. Further studies with standardized criteria for the investigation of mouth breathing are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features of pediatric mucoceles diagnosed in two public institutions in Brazil during an 18-year period. Method and Materials: Clinical data (age, sex, history of trauma, location, and size) of 138 cases of mucoceles in children 0 to 16 years of age were obtained from medical records. The lesions were classified as mucus extravasation phenomenon and mucus retention phenomenon, depending on the presence of epithelial lining in the microscopic analysis. Results: Mucoceles made up 24.5% of the oral pediatric lesions diagnosed in the period of study. Age at diagnosis ranged from 0.4 to 16.0 years, with a mean age of 10.8 years. Of the total of mucoceles, 87 were observed in females and 51 in males. The lower lip was the most commonly affected site, and a history of trauma was related by 87% of the patients. Histologically, 96.4% of mucoceles were diagnosed as mucus extravasation phenomenon. Cases of mucus retention phenomenon were relatively more common in the floor of the mouth, since one in three lesions in this location belonged to this histologic type. Regarding lesions in the lower lip, only 2.65% were diagnosed as mucus retention phenomenon. Conclusion: Trauma is the main etiologic factor involved in the development of mucoceles in children. The mucus extravasation phenomenon is the most common histologic type in this age group. Although rare, the retention type seems to be more common in lesions on the floor of the mouth. (Quintessence Int 2011;42:679-685) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since March 2020, 11 lineages of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified in Sergipe state, Northeast Brazil. During the first six months of COVID-19 outbreak, there was a higher frequency of B.1 (58.5%) and B.1.1.33 (17.1%) lineages. During the second wave of COVID-19, there was an increased frequency of P.1 (55.6%), the new Brazilian Variant of Concern (VOC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The functional limitations and long-term dependence of children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) may lead to changes in maternal occupational roles, which can have a negative impact on mothers' well-being and mental health. Objective: To investigate changes in occupational roles and their effects on the mental health of mothers who have a child with CZS. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rehabilitation centers of the Brazilian Unified Health System in Alagoas, Northeast Brazil. Participants: Forty mothers of children with CZS. Outcomes and Measures: The Role Checklist and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire--20 were used to assess the mothers' involvement in occupational roles and common mental disorders (CMDs), respectively. The relationship between changes in occupational roles and CMDs was analyzed using a logistic regression model. Results: Our study showed that loss of paid work (p = .026) is associated with poor mental health of mothers of children with CZS. Conclusions and Relevance: Strengthening public policies to reduce the economic impact of CZS on families, offering multidisciplinary counseling, and implementing psychoeducational strategies for promoting maternal psychological adjustment are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Paulista de Pediatria is the property of Assocoacao de Pediatria de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)