Search

The chromanone scaffold is considered as a privileged structure in drug discovery. Herein, we report a highly efficient PhI(OAc)2 mediated regioselective, direct C–H hydroxylation of chromanones. This method offers easy access to substituted 6-hydroxy chromanones in moderate to good isolated yields, thus paving the way for their pharmaceutical studies.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for delamination during drilling by using a response surface methodology (RSM) and also to determine how the input parameters (tool diameter, spindle speed and feed rate) influence the output response (delamination) in machining of fiber metal laminates. Design/methodology/approach Three factors and a three-level central composite design in RSM are used to carry out the experimental investigation. A video measuring system is used to measure the width of maximum damage of the machined FML composite. The “Design Expert 7.0” is used to analyze the data collected graphically. Analysis of variance is carried out to validate the model and for determining the most significant parameter. Findings The response surface model is used to predict the input factors influencing the delamination on the machined surfaces of the ARALL composite at different cutting conditions with the chosen range of 95 percent confidence intervals. Analysis of the influences of entire individual input machining parameters on the delamination has been carried out using RSM. Originality/value The effect of delamination on drilling of ARALL composites with solid carbide tools of various diameters has not been analyzed yet using RSM.

The fisheries sector plays a vital role in the food, nutritional and livelihood security of people, especially in the rural regions of India. Reservoirs, the man made impoundments built on rivers/streams obstructing the surface flow, form an important resource for the fish production besides holding up economic growth through various cultural and ecological services. India has enormous reservoir resources to the tune of 3.42 million ha (19,386 numbers). The distribution of reservoirs is quite uneven and most of the reservoirs are located in the southern and central Indian states. In the last few decades, India has made tremendous progress in reservoir fisheries and overall management strategies have been considerably innovated. The average annual fish productivity realized from reservoirs was very low (small: 49.9, medium: 12.3 and large: 11.4 kg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹) against the annual potential yield of 100, 75, and 50 kg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹. The fish yield from Indian reservoirs has enhanced through fingerling stocking and adoption of improved management practices and the average productivity increased to 33, 94, and 174 kg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ from large, medium, and small reservoirs respectively. The production potential has been re-casted to a level of 100, 200, and 500 kg ha⁻¹yr⁻¹ from large, medium and small reservoirs, respectively. The increase in fish productivity is about one third of the present production potential and there exists scope for developing effective and sustainable strategies for further enhancing the fish yield. The present review synthesizes the updated information available on Indian reservoirs and the developments during the last decade with reference to fisheries, biodiversity, potential, threats, and recommends strategies for sustainable management of the reservoir fisheries in India.

Valuable oil within the seeds of Senna occidentalis is extracted by completely different strategy. However, ancient Soxhlet extraction was compared with microwave-assisted extraction. Soxhlet extra...

Energy supply is going to be depleted in overall well-developed economic countries in the world. Developing the simplest source of alternative fuel to energy that is non-toxic, harmless, safer to handle, eco-friendly, and economically viable is the need of the hour. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are obtained from the reaction against transesterification of triglycerides. Number of methods to produce biodiesel, out of these methods easiest and quickest way is transesterification using acid and base catalyst. In Asian countries, especially in India, completely different oil bearing trees are available. Some of them are Jatropha, Karanja, Salvo Dara oleoids, Rubber seed, Garcinia indica, and so forth. Out of these sources, Karanja seeds produce the higher yield of methyl esters and are the finest alternative source of the crude product, that is, biodiesel. The two-step acid-base transesterification reaction to this current research of Karanja oils yields 81.2 ml of methyl esters and 18.8 ml glycero...

Molecular Property Diagnostic Suite ( $$\text {MPDS}^{\mathrm{TB}}$$ ) is a web tool ( http://mpds.osdd.net ) designed to assist the in silico drug discovery attempts towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). $$\text {MPDS}^{\mathrm{TB}}$$ tool has nine modules which are classified into data library (1–3), data processing (4–5) and data analysis (6–9). Module 1 is a repository of literature and related information available on the Mtb. Module 2 deals with the protein target analysis of the chosen disease area. Module 3 is the compound library consisting of 110.31 million unique molecules generated from public domain databases and custom designed search tools. Module 4 contains tools for chemical file format conversions and 2D to 3D coordinate conversions. Module 5 helps in calculating the molecular descriptors. Module 6 specifically handles QSAR model development tools using descriptors generated in the Module 5. Module 7 integrates the AutoDock Vina algorithm for docking, while module 8 provides screening filters. Module 9 provides the necessary visualization tools for both small and large molecules. The workflow-based open source web portal, $$\text {MPDS}^{\mathrm{TB}}$$ 1.0.1 can be a potential enabler for scientists engaged in drug discovery in general and in anti-TB research in particular. SYNOPSIS: A web-based $$\text {MPDS}^{\mathrm{TB}}$$ Galaxy tool is developed for assessing therapeutic potential of molecules. $$\text {MPDS}^{\mathrm{TB}}$$ is categorized into Data Library, Data Processing and Data Analysis. It can be a potential enabler for scientists engaged in drug discovery in general and in anti-TB research in particular.

In data mining, major research topic is frequent itemset mining (FIM). Frequent Itemsets (FIs) usually generating a large amount of Itemsets from database it causing from high memory and long execution time usage. Frequent Closed Itemsets(FCI) and Frequent Maximal Itemsets(FMI) are a reduced lossless representation of frequent itemsets. The FCI allows to decreasing the memory usage and execution time while comparing to FMIs. The whole data of frequent Itemsets(FIs) may be derived from FCIs and FMIs with correct methods. While various study has presented several efficient approach for FCIs and FMIs mining. In sight of this, that we proposed an algorithm called DCFI-Mine for capably derive FIs from Closed FIs and RFMI algorithm derive FMIs to FIs. The advantages of DCFI-Mine algorithm has two features: First, efficiency, different existing algorithm that tends to develop an enormous quantity of Itemsets all through process, DCFI-Mine process the Itemsets straight without candidate generation. But in proposed RFMI multiple scan occurs due to search of item support so efficiency is less than proposed algorithm DCFI-Mine. Second, in terms of losslessness DCFI-Mine and RFMI can discover complete frequent itemset without lapse. Experimental result shows That DCFI-Mine is best deriving FIs in term of memory usage and executions time.

Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is a well proven technology for predicting the output based on the set of inputs. ANFIS is predominantly used to track the set of inputs and output in order to achieve the target. In this paper, authors have proposed a Nonlinear ANFIS algorithm to track the distance between the autonomous vehicle and the obstacle while vehicle is moving and the brake force required. By tuning neuro fuzzy algorithm, accurate brake force requirement has been achieved and the results are captured in this paper. Back propagation algorithm based neural network & Sugeno model based Fuzzy inference system have been used in the proposed technique. Matlab/Simulink software platform is used to implement the proposed algorithm and proven the expected results.

Home automation is the mechanism of controlling household appliances automatically using various control system techniques. Nowadays, humans have become much dependent on electronic appliances and technology related to it. This paper gives a proposal to control home appliances using voice commands. We plan to implement an IOT-based system to automate light and fan operations using speech. A model that comes up with smart automation using Google Assistant serves this purpose. The user issues the voice command to the Google Assistant which gets interpreted and based on that the proposed system instructs the relay to switch on/off the home appliance. Adafruit and IFTT application recognize voice commands and instruct the power relay for the appliances accordingly through ESP8266 Wi-Fi. The communication between the appliances and microcontroller is established via Wi-Fi and Adafruit library; whereas, IFTT is used to control and monitor the status of devices.

Autonomous self driving vehicles are getting greater attention and this would be the future requirement in Automotive domain. However, Fail proof driving is the only solution to reduce the rate of accidents and that makes the driverless vehicles as a possible one. In man handled vehicles, by using Advance Driver Authorization System (ADAS), accident free driving can be ensured. This paper focuses on one of the ways to contribute towards accident free driving of autonomous vehicles by deploying a novel Lane Keep Assist (LKA) system. A Machine Learning algorithm has been used in proposed LKA system for tracking the lane of the autonomous vehicles by providing the required inputs. Proposed LKA system has been demonstrated in Matlab/Simulink platform and the results have been presented in this paper.

A Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based multiple watermarking technique for images using Back-Propagation neural networks (BPNN) are proposed. The successive/re- watermarking is one of the best method in multiple watermarking techniques. In successive/re-watermarking method, the various watermarks are embedded and extracted one by one. The wavelet coefficient is selected based on the weight factor by using Human Visual System (HVS). The BPNN is incredibly well-liked in neural networks and its variety of supervised learning neural networks. The two watermarks are embedding into the original image using improved BPNN, which can advance the speed of the erudition, reduce error and the trained neural networks be capable of extracting the two watermarks from the embedded images. The simulation results show that the proposed work achieves good quality on the embedded images and more robustness on extracted two watermarks.

This research work presents the influence of the rear wheel, in the Triangular Structured Omni-directional Mobile Robot (TSOMR). In this robot, two Dual Row Omni-directional wheels are fixed to the specially designed Triangular chassis having 60° apex angle and rear wheel influence is analysed. To achieve the forward motion, the Omni-directional Wheels in Left and Right side of the TSOMR have to rotate in the same sense and the same speed. In the previous research works to achieve the forward motion only left and right side wheels' motion have been considered. Hence this research work targets the influence of the rear wheel in the movement of TSOMR. The experimental analysis has been carried out by equipping the rear wheel as the same Dual Row Omni-directional Wheel, Dual Swivel Caster Wheel, Ball Caster wheel, and Six Wheel Casters. This Mobile Robot has been moved on a flat cement floor up to 5 meters and deviations from the desired path have been recorded. The reasons for the deviations have been addressed in this paper.

Pediatric familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a rare and severe heart disease. The genetics of familial DCM are complex and include over 100 known disease-causing genes, but many causative genes are unknown. We aimed to identify the causative gene for DCM in a consanguineous Saudi Arabian family with affected family members and a history of sudden death.Affected (two children) and unaffected (one sibling and the mother) family members were screened by next-generation sequencing (NGS) for 181 candidate DCM genes and underwent metabolic screening. Fifty-seven clinically annotated controls and 46 DCM cases were then tested for the identified mutation. In silico structural and functional analyses including protein modeling, structure prediction and dynamic simulations were performed.A homozygous missense mutation in exon 15 of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase very long chain gene (ACADVL; chr17:7127303; GA) was identified in affected subjects that substituted histidine for arginine at codon 450 (p.R450H). The variant was heterozygous in the mother and unaffected sister. The mutation was absent in 57 clinically annotated controls and 48 pediatric DCM cases. The mutation was predicted to cause a significant and deleterious change in the ACADVL protein structure that affected drug binding, stability, and conformation. Metabolic screening confirmed VLCAD deficiency in affected individuals.The ACADVL R450H mutation is an uncommon cause of the DCM phenotype that appears to be autosomal recessive. Targeted NGS is useful for identifying the causative mutation(s) in familial DCM of unknown genetic cause.

At present all the works of human beings are replaced by the robots. Generally robotics are classified into service robotics and industrial robotics. Nowadays all fields are occupied by robotics including, hospitals, agriculture, defense, hazardous environment and office. The Robots are used where ever human does not do their work efficiently and safely such as handling poisonous and explosive products in industries. The direction of the robotic vehicle and the spraying of water in the fire is controlled by the voice command. The communication between the vehicle and humans are established through the NODE MCU and ARDUINO. The vehicle consists of three major components such as the NODE MCU, ARDUINO, and water level indicator (on vehicle). This Robotic vehicle is involved to rescue the human beings and extinguishing the fire where fire fighters are not able to enter into the fire accidental area.

Friction surfacing is an localized surface modification process of depositing consumable materials over substrate. FS, utilizes FSW technology allows joining of materials while avoiding the brittle intermetallic formations, involving temperatures below melting point and producing fine grained structure, results in exhibiting bond integrity and enhanced surface properties, reducing the costs associated with energy consumption and consumables. The process is used for corrosion and wear resistant coatings and for reclamation of worn engineering components and for coating components using dissimilar materials. This review presents the essentials of FS, parameters used, performance features of this technique. This describes the influence of the process parameters on surface properties of the surface composites produced and evaluated of the different materials. The FS is compared with other coating processes, and some of the applications are emphasized. The paper also discusses on few trails of FS made by the authors and the results of which is presented.

Nanocavities are empty voids exposed on the surface of one dimensional TiO2 nanostructured material. Often, they exhibited beneficial optical and electrical properties that leads to efficient photocatalytic reactions. This study reports formation of nanocavities on anatase TiO2 nanobelts (TNB) through dehydroxylation of surface hydroxyl groups during calcination process (350–600 °C). The morphological and crystal structure analysis of TNB-500, -550 and -600 displayed the nanobelts shape with high density of nano-size cavities and increase in average diameter with calcination temperature. The SAED patterns confirm the anatase TiO2 phase. The enhanced light absorption properties of biphasic anatase/TiO2-B and anatase TiO2 than H2Ti3O7 are attributed to transformation of crystal structure upon calcination process. The catalytic activity was evaluated for degradation of methyl orange dye in aqueous solution under solar light irradiation. The reaction variables such as calcination temperature, amount of catalyst and pH of the methyl orange dye solution were studied and discussed in detail. Under optimal experimental conditions TNB-550 photocatalyst displayed highest degradation performance about 8 folds higher than H2Ti3O7. The high performance is explained as due to synergistic properties of one dimensional anatase TiO2 with high density of nanocavities leading to one dimensional transfer of electrons and high absorption co-efficient in UV-A spectrum are suitable for efficient red-ox reactions.

A simple slide test and analysis of image was used to reveal the presence of an acute-phase response in subjects of acute myocardial infarction. Erythrocytes tend to aggregate when an inflammatory process like atherosclerosis in coronary artery disease. Evaluation of erythrocyte adhesiveness/aggregation (EAAT) is currently available to the physicians indirectly by Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR).The ESR correlates poorly with erythrocyte aggregation, hence a simple slide test using citrated blood was used to evaluate erythrocyte aggregation in grades by microscopically and also by using image analysis. AIM OF THE STUDY: To study erythrocyte aggregation and adhesiveness by a simple slide test in subjects with acute ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) in predicting the outcome within 1week. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty patients of acute STEMI who came to the ICCU of Government Royapettah Hospital were included in the study, onset of chest pain within 6hrs, Subjects with retrosternal chest pain persisting for more than30 min and with ST segment elevation 1mm in limb leads and 2mm in chest leads in at least two contiguous ECG leads were included in the study. Citrated blood was subjected to simple slide test and Stained smears were examined under400X and graded into four grades. OUTCOMES: To find out whether there is any statistically significance between the grades of erythrocyte aggregation and prognosis of STEMI patients within 1 week. Good Prognosis: Recovery is good Bad Prognosis: Patient developed reperfusion arrhythmias, LVF, recurrent Infarction, VT and VF, cardiogenic shock, death from cardiac and non cardiac causes. RESULTS: ‘P’ value between the Grades of RBC aggregation and the prognosis of the patients with STEMI was

True intrusion is one of the difficult and complex goals to achieve which requires clinical judgment, skills, and experience. Intrusion requires less force level than other tooth movement, but it requires delicacy since the entire stress is concentrated in the apex of the root. Although true intrusion alone is not challenging, eliminating the adverse effect while intruding requires tedious skills of the clinician. A 17-year-old male patient with Class I malocclusion with open bite has a prominent maxillary cortical bone. He had a convex profile with an unpleasant smile. To reduce the bulkiness of cortical bone and to intrude the upper anterior, so the decision was made to perform corticotomy.

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising welding method to produce dissimilar joints between steel and aluminium. The formation of the intermetallic compound layer at the dissimilar joint interface affects the joint mechanical properties, which are also influenced by the FSW process parameters. In the present research work, M250 Maraging steel and AA6061 T6 aluminium alloy were joined by FSW. The joints were prepared with five different tool travel speeds ranging from 0.33 mm s−1 to 1 mm s−1 using a tapered tool pin made by tungsten carbide material, keeping tool rotational speed constant. The welded joints were analyzed for their tensile behaviour and microstructural change, including hardness measurement. The failed samples are analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy device for their mode of failure. In the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis, the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) layers of Fe3Al, Fe4Al13, and Fe2Al5 are observed. When the thickness of the IMC layer increases, the joint strength decreases. It is found that the welding speed influences the thickness of the IMC layer formed, causing variation in the strength of the dissimilar joint. Better joint efficiency is obtained at a tool travel speed of 0.67 mm s−1.

Objectives The objective of the study was to assess the impact of knowledge, attitude and practice on medication therapy management in diabetic patients in South Kerala, India. This study was designed exclusively to identify the pharmacist's role in patient care using the pharmacist-led MTM programme. Methods A 15 item questionnaire was designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on diabetic patients. KAP questionnaire consists of 7 knowledge questions, 3 attitude questions and 5 practice questions. 104 diabetic patients from general medicine were selected for the study for 6 months duration. The questionnaire was given to the patients before and after providing MTM service to the patients. Key findings The study revealed that the knowledge and attitude of diabetic patients were improved after providing MTM service whereas practice was not improved supporting the previous study evidences. Conclusion The study identified that the pharmacist-led MTM programme has the potential to improve optimal diabetes management by involving the patients as a part of the health care team. The ability of the clinical pharmacist to build trusting relationships with patients and providers is essential for the success of such a programme.

A dike or levee will protect a polder to build in a tropical country against coastal flooding. To ensure that the performance of the dike is in accordance with the safety standard, wave overtopping tests with a wave overtopping simulator have been performed on a mock-up dike. These wave overtopping tests will guide the selection of the grass species and topsoil for the grass cover of the landward side of the dike. The paper describes the design of a new dedicated wave overtopping simulator, the construction of the mock-up dike, the results of the eight tests on the mock-up dike and the critical velocities (strength indicator of the grass cover) established with the cumulative overload method.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/MCuKojNyNyQ

Larvae of the parasitic dioctophymatid nematode, Eustrongylides Jagerskiold , 1909, infect various freshwater fishes. They prefer warm waters and are often found in water bodies that experience pollution and eutrophication. A total of 1180 samples of fish belonging to 12 species from Nagawara lake were examined for the occurrence of Eustrongylides larvae and among them, Glossogobius giuris of the family Gobiidae was found infested with the parasite. Prevalence of the parasite was highest (40%) during pre-monsoon season coinciding with the highest temperature and pH. However, mean intensity (4.88) and abundance (1.77) were highest in the post-monsoon. Eustrongylides sp. is zoonotic, and makes this study relevant and warns consumers from having raw or undercooked fish. Key words: Nematode, Zoonois, Eutrophic lake, Freshwater fish, India

In the recent times, there has been an increasing demand for efficient strategies in the field of data assimilation about groundwater. Data mining process is a discovery of hiding information that utilizes the prediction efficiently by stochastic sensing concept. This paper proposes an efficient assessment of groundwater level, rainfall, population, food grains and enterprises dataset by adopting stochastic modeling and data mining approaches. Firstly, the novel data assimilation analysis is proposed to predict the groundwater level effectively. Experimental results are done and the various expected ground water level estimations indicate the sternness of the approach.

Biological control of plant diseases has metamorphosed into a unique field of science and development, and this field is fast happening in recent years. Bacterial endophytes are a group of microorganism which can colonise in any part of a plant devoid of symptoms or harmful effects in the plant in which they inhabit for their survival. The endophytic bacterial species have been identified by numerous researchers, and they have increasingly been reported to reduce the growth and activity of a plethora of plant pathogens. The interest of the researchers in this field is ever expanding given the potential it possesses to serve as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. The primary aim of this review is to trace the development in endophytic bacterial research and to communicate the researchers with updated information which will serve as a catalyst for their research endeavours. The review started with a prologue about endophytes, their diversity and existence. A systematic review on the colonisation of endophytic bacteria has been given which unravels the processes involved in their entry into the rhizosphere, then cortex and xylem and further their movement to the vegetative and reproductive organs of plants. This has followed the review on the control of various plant diseases through endophytic bacteria, viz. wilt, damping off and rot, foliar fungal diseases and bacterial diseases. The control of postharvest diseases and nematodes by endophytic bacteria has also been discussed. The major processes involved in the mode of action or mechanism of control of diseases have been discussed in different heads, namely, competitive root colonisation, competition for ferric iron ions, antibiosis and antibiotics suppressing pathogens, induced systemic resistance (ISR), signal interference, food and space competition, and minimization of the factors responsible for virulence of pathogens. Quite a few literatures have been discussed on the application of bacterial endophytes through different modes of applications. The review ends with future thrust which will go long way in indicating the future niche research areas on endophytic bacteria.

Silicotungstate cluster coordinated organic-inorganic hybrid material [Cu(dmbpy)]2 [SiW12O40]·8H2O (1) known as polyoxometalate supported transition metal complex (POM-TMC) was synthesized simply in a one-pot reaction. The yield of the compound was significantly higher than the previous report. Larvicidal activity of 1 was investigated against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. A series of morphological changes in the mosquito larva was observed on exposure to different concentrations of the title compound. The total disintegration of the larva was observed at 50 μg/mL. In addition to the larvicidal activity, compound 1 exhibits anti-proliferative activity against the A375 human skin cancer cell line. PXRD pattern stimulated from single-crystal X-ray data was harmonized with PXRD of 1. Additionally, 1 was characterized by UV–Visible, Fluorescence, UV-DRS, FT-IR and Cyclic Voltammetry. Morphology of 1 was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Composition of 1 was analyzed by Energy Dispersive X-ray SEM-EDX and Elemental analysis.

Gulf of Khambhat (GOK) is a very complex region with high tidal range and varied bed material along eastern and western coastline within the Gulf. In this study, a process-based model for the GOK is constructed to study the sediment transport pattern covering the entire Gulf. The investigation at hand showed that modelling sediment transport is an important tool for the decision makers and designers when it comes to interferences on coastal water bodies. As we know Gulf is a portion of the ocean that penetrates into the land and is generally larger and more deeply intended than bays, so they often make excellent harbours. The major rivers flowing in the Gulf of Khambhat are Sabarmati, Mahi, Vishwamitri and Narmada. All these rivers carry huge sediments and are dumped in the Gulf of Khambhat. Due to rapid industrialization along the Gulf huge coastal infrastructural development has been executed and planned along the Gulf coast which has induced a change in the morphology of this region. A morphological study based on hydrodynamic model was carried out and the model was calibrated and validated with the various measured data sets available at CWPRS, Pune. Hence, the results of the morphological study were reviewed for plausibility using the hydrodynamic results. A hydrodynamic flow modelling system based on a cell-centered finite volume method on an unstructured mesh has been used to simulate sediment transport and bed morphological changes under actions of currents and waves along the GOK coast. In the horizontal plane, an unstructured grid is used.

Sharavathi River originates and flows entirely within the state of Karnataka in India. It is one of the few westward flowing rivers of India with huge discharge during monsoon, and the major part of the river basin lies in the Western Ghats. The total length of the Sharavathi River is around 128 km, and it joins the Arabian Sea at Honnavar in Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka. The present study deals with the development of port for providing berthing facilities for coal and iron ore-carrying vessels of 10,000 DWT capacity in the basin of the Sharavathi River estuary. The channel as well as harbour area is proposed to be dredged up to −10.0 m depth. A computer-based numerical model was developed for the port in the Sharavathi Estuary to examine the hydrodynamic characteristics of the region. The model highly resolved the region of interest and predicted sea level, currents in response to the effects of tides and slow sea level changes. Such a model could be used to predict the movements of sediments throughout the vicinity of the proposed harbour. Tidal hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the flow field is conducive without significant circulation with the suggested modified layout. The annual deposition of sediment is expected, in the approach channel. The capital dredging for proposed port development is estimated to be about 4.0 M Cum, and the total maintenance dredging is estimated to be about 1.0 M Cum. Results from the model show that the currents in the estuary are predominantly due to the effects of the tide; the tidal range is around 1.58 m. These tides can generate currents, with current speeds reaching up to 1.3 m/s in the vicinity of Badagani Estuary in the North and up to 0.8 m/s in the vicinity of Sharavathi Estuary in the south. The simulations generated by the model and associated analyses provide a first-order picture of the flow and distribution characteristics of the port environment which may aid in management decision processes and provide an enhanced understanding of the oceanography of the region.

In boilers, there is a need of bent pipes to direct the flow of steam/air in and out of a boiler. Usually, bent pipes are preferred than welded pipes. When a pipe is bent, wall thickness of the pipe tends to decrease on the outer side of the bending. When a pipe is not bent properly, it leads to excess wall thinning. Wall thickness is the main criteria that govern the strength of a pipe, because whenever a high-pressure fluid flows through the bend it should withstand the pressure. In cold bending at normal temperature, various fillers are used to reduce the effect of wall thinning. In incremental hot bending, the effect of wall thickness has been studied by varying bend radius of the pipe and percentage change in wall thinning and its effects are observed.

Data mining is the way of separating data from stunning perspectives, and along these lines, abstracting them into important information which can be used to construct the yielding and improvement possible results in cultivating. The destinations have been assented of solidness in paddy advancement and to expand the development of creation in a maintainable way to meet the nourishment prerequisite for the developing populace. In any farming fields, it for the most part, happens that at whatever point the choices in regards to different methodologies of arranging is viewed as, for example, season-wise rainfall, region, production and yield rate of principal crops, and so forth. In this paper, it is proposed to discover the forecast level of concentration in paddy improvement for different years of time series data utilizing stochastic model approach. Numerical examinations are outlined to help the proposed work.

Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al. is one of the most severe pathogen of Solanaceous crops with a wide host range. Ralstonia solanacearum race 1 is responsible for causing bacterial wilt in brinjal. The pathogenic strains were isolated from wilted brinjal plants and isolated on triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) medium. The strains were confirmed by proving pathogenicity on brinjal plants. Phenotypic characterization revealed that out of five media tested TTC medium was an excellent source for growth and extracellular polysaccaride production (EPS) of R. solanacearum. Upon biochemical analysis the R. solanacearum strains showed positive reaction for catalase, KOH, citrate utilization and acid production while negative results were observed for Gram staining, starch hydrolysis and fluorescent pigment production. The biovar of the strain was identified by utilization of disaccharides (cellobiose, maltose and lactose) and sugar alcohols (dulcitol, mannitol and sorbitol). The strains of R. solanacearum were confirmed to belong to Race 1 based on symptom production on different hosts and hypersensitive response on tobacco plant. Therefore, it is confirmed that R. solanacearum race 1 causing bacterial wilt of brinjal belongs to biovar III. PCR amplification of ITS region of the strains of R. solanacearum was done and sequenced [MH481663 (ERY1) and MH481664 (VBN1)].

The role that the media are playing in the various aspects of life is becoming increasingly greater day by day, especially in spheres like social interaction, and cultural and educational aspects of our life. As archaeological monuments can articulate the traditions, customs and heritage of the past, the media can in its turn clarify today's values and civilizations of the different countries and hence attempt to correct any widespread erroneous information. Both the media and archaeological monuments have messages and missions with various dimensions. The media contribute greatly in activating tourist attractions. Media are playing an important role in the growth, development and promotion by creating a better awareness and understanding to cater to the needs and requirements of domestic and international tourist as one knows is every traveller is a ‘potential’ tourist, It depends upon the campaign of professionals (media professionals and tourism experts) of the industry to tap this potential and convert the ‘potential’ into the ’actual’ clients (tourist). In this world of constant technological evolution, consumers especially tourists are changing their behaviour patterns looking for more “tourist-friendly” sources of information. Thus this paper focuses on the impact of media in promoting Indian tourism industry worldwide.

In the present work, the multiple watermarking techniques have been executed to present information security. DWT - SVD based multiple watermarking for color images are proposed and has been implemented in cloud computing. The multiple watermarking is used to share the copyright of multiple users improves the robustness and high security. In the proposed work, multiple watermarks are embedded into the cover image. Image quality is computed using Normalized Correlation (NC) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) for color images. The proposed scheme provides a secure and well imperceptibility to different image processing attacks.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies that account to about half a million deaths yearly and is the third leading cause of death. 80% of these cases are seen in the Asian- Pacific region. Aims of the study were to study the role of immunohistochemistry in differentiating primary from metastatic neoplasms of liver and to evaluate the usefulness of reticulin in differentiating benign from malignant lesions of liver. Methods: 46 cases of hepatic neoplasms reported were taken. Immunohistochemistry was done using the markers Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP), Hep Par 1, Cytokeratin 7 and Cytokeratin 20. Reticulin stain was done in 10 difficult cases to differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions of liver. Results: AFP was positive in 18 cases (84%), 20 cases were positive for Hep Par 1 (92%). Among the metastatic neoplasms, the most common expression was cytokeratin 7 positive/ cytokeratin 20 negative expressions which were observed in 54% of cases. Reticulin fibres in the benign processes revealed one-cell thick liver plates, whereas in dysplastic and carcinomatous deposits, they showed thickening of the hepatic cell plates which appeared as two or three cell-cell thick plates. Conclusions: Alpha Fetoprotein and Hep Par 1 are found to be useful in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinomas; and Hep Par 1 is more sensitive than Alpha Fetoprotein. Cytokeratins 7 and 20 were useful in assessing the primary tumour to some extent in case of metastatic carcinomatous deposits of liver. If adequate liver biopsy sample is received, an extended panel of markers can be used to find the site of primary with more accuracy. Reticulin stain can be used in cases where there is difficulty in differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions of liver.

To physiologically categorize drought tolerance characteristics of post-rainy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], 21 sorghum genotypes were evaluated under well watered and water deficit stress conditions for 2 years. Water deficit stress showed mixed effect among the genotypes for days to flowering, while other traits were adversely affected. Over 35 % reduction in grain yield was recorded due to post-flowering drought. Retention of green leaf area (GLA) during grain filling stage was found to be associated with drought tolerance. Loss of GLA started earlier and faster among high susceptible lines compared to tolerant lines. Based on stability analysis and drought susceptibility indices IS 23514 and Phule Chitra were identified as stable drought tolerant lines. Identified lines can be used in post-rainy sorghum breeding and molecular studies in future. The study also suggests that easily scorable physiological traits such as retention of green leaf area can be combined with stability analysis and DSI to identify drought tolerant genotypes.