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High density ordered Si nanowire arrays can be fabricated from a Fe2O3 template annealed from polystyrene (PS) microsphere layers via a metal-assisted chemical etching method. The metal mesh films, containing position- and density-defined pores that determine the position and density of the remaining structures after etching, are extremely important for achieving high quality Si nanowires. By adding a structural inversion process, a Au metal mesh with arrays of high density nanopores is devised as a catalyst for metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon. The density of Si nanowires can be increased to two times that of the single-layer PS microspheres and further to three times when a double layer of PS microspheres is introduced. The two-step template method for the preparation of high-density Si nanowires shows great potential in the fields of nanofabrication and nanoelectronics.

A core-shell type catalyst was applied to convert polyethylene (PE) plastic wastes into hydrogen using a two-stage pyrolysis-catalysis reactor. The effects of catalyst: plastic ratio, reaction temperature, and the suppression of coke formation on catalytic performance were investigated. Ni-Ce bimetallic catalyst was synthesized via modified polyol method, and the silica coating with different Ni:Si molar ratio was prepared with the extension of Stober method. Different thickness of silica shell was synthesized and tested for hydrogen production from PE waste. The encapsulation of Ni-Ce core by silica shell could effectively inhibit the sintering of nanoparticles under high temperature conditions. The highest amount of hydrogen production was found when the catalyst: plastic weight ratio was 1.0, and the catalytic reaction temperature was 800 °C. The core-shell catalyst also exhibited great ability of coking resistance, showing great catalytic performance within 5 times of reuse.

Operational modal analysis (OMA) is an effective method to identify structural modal parameters from response signal under operational condition. Aiming at the evaluation of different time domain OMA methods in structural modal parameters identification, both numerical simulation and experimental investigation of cantilever beam have been applied to different methods, such as Sparse Time Domain (STD) method, Least Square Complex Exponential (LSCE) method and Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA), etc. The comparison results indicated that ERA is the best one, LSCE method follows and STD method is worst.

This paper introduces the software DYNAFORM which is specially used in the numerical simulation analysis of tube forming. The key components of this powerful software and the basic operating procedures are also introduced. One example of tube bending and hydroforming is simulated using this software. Based on the analyzing result, it shows that the simulation is simply and practically.

This paper addresses the mathematical relation on a set of periods and temporal indexing constructions as well as their applications. First we introduce two concepts, i.e. the temporal connection and temporal inclusion, which are equivalence relation and preorder relation respectively. Second, by studying some basic topics such as the division of “large” equivalence classes and the overlaps of preorder relational sets, we propose a temporal data index model (TDIM) with a tree-structure consisting of a root node, equivalence class nodes and linearly ordered branch nodes. Third, we study algorithms for the temporal querying and incremental updating as well as dynamical management within the framework of TDIM. Based on a proper mathematical supporting, TDIM can be applied to researching some significant practical cases such as temporal relational and temporal XML data and so on.

This paper interests a system for the non-Newtonian flow in the whole space. [14] estimated decay of it as t tends to infinity. The aim of the paper is to investigate decay problem of it and to improve a result of [14].

Very small aperture terminal (VSAT) at Ku-band is very attractive in complex terrestrial and marine environment of military or disaster scene. The small aperture antenna characteristic of VSAT leads to strong interference to adjacent satellite systems. This situation is severely aggravated as Geostationary Satellite Orbit (GSO) becomes extremely congested. Various national and international agencies have imposed regulations on VSAT adjacent satellite interference (ASI). One regulation, called ∆T /T method, is used for accessing the necessity of ASI coordination, which is sophisticated and inconvenient to carry out. Another regulation imposed limit on off-axis effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of terminal, and specified the maximum allowable off-axis EIRP spectral density (OESD). This paper described and analyzed the salient features of these ASI regulations. Upon demonstration of their compatible and complementary relationships, it is shown that the simpler EIRP rule can be an alternative for the more complex ∆T/T method for ultra-small terminals (USAT). In this way, it will help reduce the complexity of the coordination determining procedure.

Context: The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and insulin receptors' (IR) axes play important roles in both breast cancer and diabetes mellitus. Aim: We tend to explore the expression characteristics of proteins in IGF/IR axis in breast cancer with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Settings and Design: We conducted a case-control investigation of T2DM and non-diabetes (n = 40, 1:1) in breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: Some important molecules of IGF/IR axis were detected in breast cancer tissues by immunohistochemical staining. The multivariable analyses of the relationship of clinicopathological characters with the significant molecules were also detected. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were statistically evaluated by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 17.0) software. Chi-square test and logistic regression are used. Results: Higher expression of IGF 1 receptor (IGF1R) was found in breast cancers of patients with T2DM, compared those without diabetes (P = 0.044). Negative expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) was found to be associated with higher expression of IGF1R in the breast cancers of patients with T2DM. There were no differences found in the expression of proteins of IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), IR, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, IRS-2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) between T2DM group and non-diabetes group. Conclusion: Our study found that breast cancer with T2DM had a higher expression of IGF1R, and the higher IGF1R was associated with negative Her2 expression.

Automatic release and vertical transferring of silicon/silicon oxide nanowire arrays with a high integrity are demonstrated by an Ag-assisted ammonia etching method. By adding a water steaming step between Ag-assisted HF/H2O2 and ammonia etching to form a SiOx protective layer sheathing Si nanowires, we can tune the composition of the nanowires from SiOx (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) to Si nanowires. Ag plays a key role to the neat and uniform release of Si/SiOx nanowire arrays from Si wafer in the ammonia etching process. The vertical Si nanowire array device, with both sides having high-quality Ohmic contact, can be transferred to arbitrary substrates, especially on a flexible substrate. The method developed here offers a facile method to realize flexible Si nanowire array functional devices.

Silicon nanoarray hybrid solar cells benefit from the ease of fabrication and the cost-effectiveness of the hybrid structure, and represent a new research focus towards the utilization of solar energy. However, hybrid solar cells composed of both inorganic and organic components suffer from the notorious stability issue, which has to be tackled before the hybrid solar cells could become a viable alternative for harvesting solar energy. Here we show that Si nanoarray/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cells with improved stability can be fabricated via eliminating the water inclusion in the initial formation of the heterojunction between Si nanoarray and PEDOT:PSS. The Si nanoarray hybrid solar cells are stable against rapid degradation in the atmosphere environment for several months without encapsulation. This finding paves the way towards the real-world applications of Si nanoarray hybrid solar cells.

Ordered Si nanowire (SiNW) arrays can be fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching. The metal mesh films (MMFs) are extremely important for achieving a high quality of the SiNWs. We have developed a two-step chemical deposition method to obtain compact porous Ag MMFs. By the separation of the nucleation and growth stages of the metal in the two-step deposition processes, the overgrowth of the metals to form randomly aggregated irregular metal particles can be overcome. Hexagonally arranged polystyrene (PS) latex microspheres have been employed as a template for the deposition of porous Ag MMFs. The spacing of the pores in the Ag MMFs is determined by the diameter of PS microspheres, and the pore size can also be tuned by changing Ar plasma etching time. One of the main advantages of the two-step deposition method lies in that Ag MMFs can be produced with PS microspheres that are not limited to a single layer, which dramatically simplifies the tedious processes of producing a monolayered PS template. The two-step chemical deposition method shows great potential in metal-assisted chemical etching.

Research on modeling and simulation of Link-16 has attracted much attention nowadays. However as one kind of legacy system, Link-16 was not constructed based on layering principles and it is not well compatible with Global Communication Grid (GCG), also known as Global Grid (GG) that has been developed with military requirement in mind. This paper concentrates on applying Global Information Grid (GIG) layering principles on modeling and simulation of Link-16 data link. The following paper is divided into two approaches, the first issue is considered in a general way for briefing GIG layering principles and secondly we analyze the Link-16 system in layering principles to see if this tactical information distribution system can be divided into distinct sub layers.

In contrast with Phase-Locked Loop (PLL), Frequency Locked Loop (FLL) has better dynamic performance. There were papers dealing with noise performance of FLL. However, under the circumstance of CW input, there were large gap between simulation results and theory results which were obtained from published papers. This paper analysis the reason of the gap and proposes an improved calculation method in the condition of four-quadrant arctangent and cross product discriminator. Results show that the improved calculation method fits the simulation result very well.