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ABSTRACT Hydrological variation differently affects fish species. In the present study, the response of local populations of 13 fish local species to hydrological variation in a tropical wetland was evaluated. The objectives were to analyze the abundance response of fish species with distinct life history strategies and to assess the role of hydrological variation on fish population patterns. We found that opportunistic strategists were favored by high hydrological variation in drought periods, the equilibrium strategists were related to stable habitats, and periodic strategists were regulated by floods and temperature. However, the life history strategies identified for some species in this study do not correspond to the classification reported in other studies. Our results highlight the importance to study the abundance responses of species at local and regional scales to identify variations in life-history strategies, which can reflect local adaptations of species to hydrological changes, this is useful in order to understand and predict the responses of fish populations to the local environment.

Background To determine the effects of a low dose, short-term Creatine monohydrate (Cr) supplementation (0.03 g.kg.d−1 during 14 d) on muscle power output in elite youth soccer players. Methods Using a two-group matched, double blind, placebo-controlled design, nineteen male soccer players (mean age = 17.0 ± 0.5 years) were randomly assigned to either Cr (N = 9) or placebo (N = 10) group. Before and after supplementation, participants performed a 30s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) to assess peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), fatigue index (FI), and total work. Results There were significant increases in both PPO and MPO after the Cr supplementation period (P ≤ 0.05) but not the placebo period. There were also significant increases in total work, but not FI, after the Cr supplementation and placebo periods (P ≤ 0.05). Notably, there were differences in total work between the Cr and placebo groups after (P ≤ 0.05) but not before the 14 d supplementation period. Conclusion There is substantial evidence to indicate that a low-dose, short-term oral Cr supplementation beneficially affected muscle power output in elite youth soccer players.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, an effective vaccine for M. tuberculosis is lacking. We panned a phage display library using monoclonal antibodies against M. tuberculosis liporabinomannan (LAM), an important component of the M. tuberculosis cell wall, and identified two peptide sequences, HSFKWLDSPRLR or SGVYKVAYDWQH, with high antibody affinity after multiple rounds of panning. Only the HSFKWLDSPRLR peptide induced an anti-LAM response when conjugated to either keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or to the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyherovirus (AcMNPV) when introduced into mice by injection or via intranasal inoculation, respectively. Vaccination with AcMNPV conjugated HSFKWLDSPRLR peptide delayed mortality in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Thus, we report a proof of principle M. tuberculosis vaccination strategy combining an anti-LAM mimotope with a baculovirus delivery system.

Objetivo: Proceder a un análisis descriptivo de los pacientes a quienes se les realizaron embolizaciones de colaterales por vía percutánea. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 27 pacientes entre febrero de 2004 y marzo de 2012. Se hace una descripción de las variables analizadas. Resultados: En el período descrito se efectuó la embolización percutánea de 33 colaterales en 27 pacientes. La edad promedio al momento del procedimiento fue de 53 meses (1-143 meses). Al 68% se les había realizado previamente cirugía de Glenn o de Fontan, al 8% fístula Blalock-Taussig y al 24% otros procedimientos quirúrgicos. En el 76% de los casos el vaso embolizado fue una colateral venovenosa, y en el 24% restante, una colateral aortopulmonar. Los dispositivos mecánicos fueron los más utilizados (coils y plug vascular). El Amplatzer Vascular Plug se usó para embolizar colaterales de mayor tamaño. Se obtuvo la oclusión inmediata en el 92% de los casos. No hubo mortalidad asociada con los procedimientos. Discusión y conclusiones: La embolización de colaterales por vía percutánea es un procedimiento seguro y con alta tasa de eficacia. Los dispositivos utilizados mostraron ser igualmente efectivos.

The capture of juvenile shrimp as live bait for sport fishing has intensified, as has the trade of shrimp in different locations. The transport of shrimp to regions, other than those in which they are captured, is often poorly performed due to the lack of information regarding effective transport, resulting in high mortality of the transported animals. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum stocking density for the transport of juvenile Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis (weight: 5.53 ± 1.20 g) and to evaluate the effect of the addition of hydrated lime in the transport water. Four stocking densities were tested for transport (1, 2, 3 and 4 ind L-1). Following the analysis of the results obtained in the density experiment, the addition of hydrated lime (0.15 g L-1) in the transport water was also tested. Water quality and the final survival were negatively correlated with increasing stocking density. The results of this study demonstrated that the highest density that can be used to avoid mortality is 3 ind L-1 for a maximum period of 10 h. The use of hydrated lime in the transport water attenuated the observed effects on water quality parameters.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a cinética de cura de um pré-impregnado ("prepreg") de resina epoxídica/fibra de carbono, utilizando a técnica de calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC) pelo método isoconversional. O método isoconversional analisa a cinética de cura por meio da dependência da energia de ativação durante a conversão (análise isotérmica) ou temperatura (análise não-isotérmica) e utiliza esta dependência para calcular os parâmetros cinéticos. A avaliação da cinética da reação por DSC baseia-se na quantidade de calor gerado durante as reações exotérmicas. A hipótese de que o calor gerado pela reação química é proporcional à extensão da cura permite obter os parâmetros cinéticos no DSC por meio das análises pelos métodos isotérmicos e não-isotérmicos. Para o método isoconversional isotérmico, a energia de ativação média apresentou valores entre 103 e 72 kJ/mol, e, para o método isoconversional não-isotérmico um valor médio de 80,5 kJ/mol. Estes resultados foram comparados com os obtidos para os métodos ASTM E 2070 e ASTM E 698, cujos valores foram 89±5 kJ/mol e 77,5±2,5 kJ/mol, respectivamente, comprovando a eficiência do método isoconversional.

El maíz amarillo duro es el tercer cultivoen importancia en el Perú y forma parte de la cadena maíz-avicultura-porcicultura, de impacto significativo en la actividad económica y social nacional, sin embargo, enel 2011, solo el 40%del maíz ofertado correspondió a la producción nacional. En busca de alternativas paradisminuir el uso de fertilizantes químicos se realizan investigaciones con denominadas rizobacteriaspromotoras del crecimiento vegetal. Las bacterias se aislaron de la rizósfera de maíz procedentes de camposagrícolas de los distritos de Monsefú y Reque, Región Lambayeque. Se realizó una dilución en solución salinaesterilizada: 0,87%NaCl, p/v y se sembró en agar Mac Conkey, incubando a 30°Cpor 48 horas. Se obtuvieron269 cultivos puros de bacterias, se investigósu reacción bioquímica en agar Hierro Triple Azúcar, agar HierroLisina,agar Citrato de Simons, caldo peptonado, caldo rojo de metilo Voges-Proskauer y caldo nitrato,identificándose 66%como enterobacterias de los génerosPantoea(49%),Klebsiella(17%),Kluyvera(16%),Serratia(11%),Citrobacter(4%) yHafnia(3%). Con las enterobacterias nativas se cuantificó hasta 31,67ppm de nitrógeno fijado como amonio; 54,25 ppm de ácido indol acético y 4,78 ppm de fósforo solubilizado,así como también se determinó actividad proteolítica, quitinolítica y antagónica aFusarium verticillioides. El16%de enterobacterias nativas no afectó la emergencia de maíz amarillo duro hibrido simple AGRI-144, el77%la afectópositivamente y el 7%la afectó negativamente. A su vez, ninguna bacteria afectó lasobrevivencia.Se demostró el potencial promotor del crecimiento vegetal de las enterobacterias aisladas decampos de cultivos de la Región de Lambayeque.

In this paper, a numerical study of air enriched combustion on a natural gas rotary furnace for frita melting is presented. This study was done with the aim of determining an oxygen concentration to ensure economic feasibility of the process without affecting quality requirements. The simulations were conducted using the commercial software ANSYS FLUENT as a design tool to predict the behavior of the thermal system and to establish operations conditions with different oxygen enrichment levels. Finite Rate / Eddy Dissipation model was used for combustion simulation, while k - ε Realizable and Discrete Ordinates models were utilized for turbulence and radiation simulation, respectively. It was found that an enrichment level close to 31% of oxygen in the air allows for reaching temperatures for frita melting larger than 1700 K. In this way, current consumption of high purity oxygen can be diminished without affecting the production levels and the quality of the product.

Objetivo: Indagar sobre el consumo de antibióticos sin prescripción médica en la po- blación adulta bogotana. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en las 20 localidades de Bogotá. La información se obtuvo de 597 personas mayores de 20 años, encuestadas mediante un instrumento previamente ajustado en una prueba piloto. Resultados: El 56,1 % de los encuestados manifestó que se automedicaba; las mujeres (60 %) son las que más recurren a esta práctica. El antibiótico más utilizado es la amoxi- cilina (50,9 %), seguido por la ampicilina (18,6 %). Los motivos más comunes de auto- medicación son: infecciones de la garganta (31,7 %), gripa (22,2 %), fiebre y malestar general (10,8 %). El tratamiento es realizado entre uno y dos días. Conclusiones: En la población muestreada se pudo observar que los antibióticos están siendo usados de forma indiscriminada e indebida por parte de algunos sectores de la po- blación bogotana, sin medir los riesgos potenciales de esta práctica.

Las fungosis es considerada una de las enfermedades más comunes de la piel tanto de animales como de humanos, pero a su vez una de las más complejas de manejar debido a la habilidad con que los hongos colonizan los tejidos, a la tardía identificación específica de los mismos y al hecho de encontrarse frecuentemente relacionadas con cuadros de compromisos previo del sistema inmune, siendo en lla mayoría de casos infecciones oportunistas. La alta población de especímenes silvestres en cautiverio en el municipio de Florencia, especialmente del orden de los Psitaciformes, y su habitual forma de manipulación y manejo motivó el desarrollo de la presente investigación cuyo objetivo general consistió en identificar la presencia de hongos en las patas de psitácidas mantenidas en cautiverio y su riesgo de transmisión al hombre. Durante el trabajo de campo, desarrollado durante el primer semestre del 2012, fueron muestreados un total de 30 especímenes psitácidos mantenidos en cautiverio. Las muestras de hisopados de sus patas fueron sembradas en cultivos para identificación macroscópica y microscópica inicial de colonias de especies. En los 60 frotis podales realizados se identificó el Geotrichum sp. como la especie fungal con mayor porcentaje de presencia, seguido por Aspergillus sp.; Candida sp. y Penicillum sp. en tercer lugar; Trichopython sp. en cuarto; Fusarium sp., Hortaea wemeckii, Chrysosporum sp. y Trichoderma sp. en quinto; y Mucor sp. y Acremonium sp. en sexto. Con la investigación pudo concluirse que la población tenedora de psitácidos en cautiverio registra un elevado riesgo de transmisión de patógenos fungales. El riesgo se ve acentuado ante las inadecuadas condiciones de manejo y albergue de los especímenes, por lo que resulta imposible descartar la probabilidad de infecciones por derrame.

Este documento establece la vigencia e importancia que reviste la Logística en el ámbito militar y naval específicamente; su aplicación y práctica se evidencia en la logística operativa que vincula a la logística estratégica con la táctica en un teatro de operaciones, la debida aplicación de la logística parte de los aspectos doctrinarios y teóricos que se fundamentan en la logística pura y que sin estos cimientos sería inadecuada su accionar. La logística naval operativa parte de su taxonomía, está caracterizada por la influencia del medio acuífero, adverso e improductivo; proporciona y mantiene la capacidad operativa naval y fluvial, suministrado el apoyo necesario en el lugar y momento adecuado, fundamentado en una combinación de principios y funciones cuya acción transforma las necesidades en apoyo real operativo a las unidades a flote.

Numerous animals have declining populations due to habitat loss, illegal wildlife trade, and climate change. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) is a Critically Endangered primate species, endemic to northwest Colombia, threatened by deforestation and illegal trade. In order to assess the current state of this species, we analyzed changes in the population of cotton-top tamarins and its habitat from 2005 to 2012. We used a tailor-made "lure strip transect" method to survey 43 accessible forest parcels that represent 30% of the species' range. Estimated population size in the surveyed region was approximately 2,050 in 2005 and 1,900 in 2012, with a coefficient of variation of approximately 10%. The estimated population change between surveys was -7% (a decline of approximately 1.3% per year) suggesting a relatively stable population. If densities of inaccessible forest parcels are similar to those of surveyed samples, the estimated population of cotton-top tamarins in the wild in 2012 was 6,946 individuals. We also recorded little change in the amount of suitable habitat for cotton-top tamarins between sample periods: in 2005, 18% of surveyed forest was preferred habitat for cotton-top tamarins, while in 2012, 17% percent was preferred. We attribute the relatively stable population of this Critically Endangered species to increased conservation efforts of Proyecto Tití, conservation NGOs, and the Colombian government. Due to continued threats to cotton-top tamarins and their habitat such as agriculture and urban expansion, ongoing conservation efforts are needed to ensure the long-term survival of cotton-top tamarins in Colombia.

BACKGROUND:Bisphosphonates are widely used to prevent osteoporotic fractures. Some severe musculoskeletal reactions have been described with this medication; among them, some cases of carpal tunnel syndrome. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore whether bisphosphonates may be associated with this syndrome. METHODS:A cohort study was conducted to compare exposed to unexposed women; the exposed group was that composed of women having received at least one prescription of an oral bisphosphonate. For the purpose, we used information from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database. The outcome of interest was defined as those women diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. A survival analysis was performed; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, and to adjust for identified confounding variables. RESULTS:Out of a sample of 59,475 women older than 51 years, 19,825 were treated with bisphosphonates during the period studied. No differences in age distribution or mean follow-up time were observed between the two groups in comparison. Overall, there were 572 women diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, 242 (1.2%) in the group exposed to bisphosphonates, and 330 (0.8%) in the unexposed. An adjusted hazard ratio of developing carpal tunnel syndrome of 1.38 (95%CI, 1.15-1.64) was found for women exposed to bisphosphonates; no significant changes in the hazard ratios were found when considering different levels of bisphosphonate exposure. CONCLUSIONS:An increased risk of carpal tunnel syndrome is associated with the use of bisphosphonates in postmenopausal women.

Optics based technologies are being advanced by many diagnostic companies around the globe. This resurgence is being driven by several factors including novel materials, enhanced computer power, nonlinear optics, and advances in algorithmic and statistical analysis. This study expands on a previous paper that evaluated the capability of a reagent-free optical profiling platform technology that used multiwavelength transmission spectroscopy to identify bacterial pathogens from pure culture. This study combines multiwavelength angular scattering with transmission based analysis into a single algorithm that will identify bacterial pathogens. Six predominant organisms, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa, E. faecalis, and coagulase negative Staphylococcus, were analyzed from a total of 753 clinical isolates received from three large community hospital systems. The bacterial identification method used for comparison in this study was the Vitek-2 (bioMerieux) which utilizes a biochemically based identification system. All of the clinical isolates received were blinded as to their identification until completion of the optical analysis. Sensitivities ranged from 87.7 to 94.6% with specificities ranging from 97.2 to 99.9% indicating that optical profiling is a powerful and exciting new technology that could be developed for the rapid identification of pathogens without the use of chemical reagents.

Alkylating agents are a key component of cancer chemotherapy. Several cellular mechanisms are known to be important for its survival, particularly DNA repair and xenobiotic detoxification, yet genomic screens indicate that additional cellular components may be involved. Elucidating these components has value in either identifying key processes that can be modulated to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy or may be altered in some cancers to confer chemoresistance. We therefore set out to reevaluate our prior Drosophila RNAi screening data by comparison to gene expression arrays in order to determine if we could identify any novel processes in alkylation damage survival. We noted a consistent conservation of alkylation survival pathways across platforms and species when the analysis was conducted on a pathway/process level rather than at an individual gene level. Better results were obtained when combining gene lists from two datasets (RNAi screen plus microarray) prior to analysis. In addition to previously identified DNA damage responses (p53 signaling and Nucleotide Excision Repair), DNA-mRNA-protein metabolism (transcription/translation) and proteasome machinery, we also noted a highly conserved cross-species requirement for NRF2, glutathione (GSH)-mediated drug detoxification and Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ER stress)/Unfolded Protein Responses (UPR) in cells exposed to alkylation. The requirement for GSH, NRF2 and UPR in alkylation survival was validated by metabolomics, protein studies and functional cell assays. From this we conclude that RNAi/gene expression fusion is a valid strategy to rapidly identify key processes that may be extendable to other contexts beyond damage survival.

Este trabalho consiste na caracterização de um pré-impregnado ("prepreg") de resina epoxídica/fibra de carbono, usando-se espectroscopia no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FT-IR), análise termogravimétrica (TG), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) e análise térmica dinâmico-mecânica (DMTA). A análise por FT-IR foi realizada nos modos de transmissão (pastilha de KBr, pirólise em bico de Bunsen e controlada) e detecção fotoacústica (PAS). Os espectros de FT-IR de transmissão revelaram a presença de resina epoxídica, grupos ciano, amínicos e bisfenol A, que possibilitaram identificar o provável agente de cura:a cianoguanidina (ou dicianodiamida) do sistema epoxídico. Os espectros de FT-IR/PAS permitiram acompanhar as alterações espectrométricas causadas pela cura. A análise térmica auxiliou na observação e compreensão dos eventos durante o processo de cura, etapas de gelificação e vitrificação, e da influência destas nas temperaturas de transição vítrea (Tg) do material curado e na escolha do intervalo de temperatura de cura, que é um dos parâmetros mais importantes do processo produtivo.This work explores the characterization of pre-impregnated ("prepreg") materials made with an epoxy resin/carbon fiber, using FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). FT-IR spectroscopy was used in the transmission mode (KBr pellets, pyrolysis without control and controlled pyrolysis) and photoacoustic detection (FT-IR/PAS). The transmission FT-IR spectra revealed the presence of epoxy resin, cyano groups, amine and bisphenol A, which allowed us to identify the probable agent of cure: cyanoguanidine (or DCD). With FT-IR/PAS it was possible to monitor spectrometric changes caused by curing. The thermal analysis assisted in observing and understanding events during the curing process, including the gelation and vitrification steps. It was also useful to study the influence in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured material and for choosing the curing temperature range, which is one of the main parameters in the manufacturing process.

Los aneurismas de la arteria pulmonar son poco frecuentes en niños. Entre sus principales causas se encuentran procesos infecciosos como la endocarditis, que favorece el desarrollo de aneurismas micóticos, en especial en pacientes con defectos cardíacos congénitos y en aquellos con adicción a drogas de uso endovenoso (sobre todo en adultos), y lleva al desarrollo de aneurismas micóticos. Las opciones de tratamiento dependen de las características de la lesión y de la condición clínica del paciente. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de siete años, quien fue referida para evaluación por endocarditis infecciosa de la válvula tricúspide debida a Staphylococcus aureus. Desarrolló aneurismas bilaterales en ramas lobulares de la arteria pulmonar secundarios a la infección valvular. El aneurisma del lado derecho era de gran tamaño y con alto riesgo de ruptura, razón de peso para que se le efectuara embolización con coils. El procedimiento fue exitoso y no se documentaron complicaciones. La lesión del lado izquierdo se trató de forma expectante teniendo en cuenta que era de menor tamaño. En la actualidad la paciente está en seguimiento ambulatorio con el fin de vigilar la evolución del aneurisma del lado izquierdo.

The stent thrombosis is a clinical event whose incidence is not well clarified, since, with a lotof frequency, the angiographic confirmation it is not used as an inclusion criteria in clinicaltrials. Although it is a not very common complication, it’s severity is given, fundamentally,because their form of presentation is the sudden death or the myocardial infarction with STsegment elevation in 80% of the patients. The case of 58 years old female patient, is presentedwith a very late thrombosis in a conventional stent, 5 years and 8 months after theinstallation of the device in the right coronary artery.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of women's death in the world.However, the under employment, in comparison with men, of diagnosticmethods and appropriate treatments, with smaller realization of hemodynamicstudies, causes great concern.Objective To determine the characteristics and potentials differences regarding genderof patients undergoing diagnostic invasive coronary angiography.Method We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study, with analysis of differencesaccording to gender. Clinical histories of patients undergoing invasivecoronary angiography at the National Institute of Cardiology and CardiovascularSurgery between January 2005 and September 2010 were revised.The information was included in Excel database for their statistical analysis.Results Of 12 130 diagnostic invasive coronary angiography, 28,3% correspondedwith women, mean age 61,2 ± 12,7 years, 5 years older when comparedwith men, (p < 0,01). For both women and men the most frequent diagnosiswas chronic stable angina (46%). 73,6% of women had personal antecedentsof hypertension and 34,1% of smoking habit. The left anterior descendingcoronary artery had the highest prevalence of significant stenosis.Women underwent less ventriculography (17,2%, p

The aim of this study was to review the experience and outcomes of assisted reproduction cycles with embryos grown up to day 5 of development, comparing different parameters according to the ages of the patients. We retrospectively studied 1,874 assisted reproduction cycles where embryo culture was extended up to the fifth or sixth day of development. All IVF and ICSI cycles were included, comparing, according to patient age, the following rates: blastocyst formation, pregnancy, implantation and abortion. As control, we analyzed cycles with donated oocytes from young donors (OD). The number of embryos reaching the blastocyst stage is similar in all groups of patients. Only the OD group was different in terms of blastocyst formation, pregnancy and implantation rates. Patients over 39 years of age had an abortion rate of 59.1 %, which is significantly higher than the other groups. Extended embryo culture up to the blastocyst stage can be implemented in programs of assisted reproduction in order to increase the pregnancy rate. The potential of blastocyst implantation is high, allowing us to transfer fewer embryos and reduce the probability of multiple pregnancies.

Se sintetizó el yoduro de trimetilbencilamono por metllaclón exhastiva de la amina primarla. La dimetilbencilamina se preparó mediante la reacción de la amina primarla con formaldehído y ácido acético. La reacción entre la dimetilbencilamina y el cloruro de bencllo produjo el cloruro de dimetilbencilamonio, cuyo ion cloruro fue Intercambiado por el ion yoduro empleando una resina de Intercambio Iónico. Las sales fueron caracterizadas por espectroscopia de resonancia magnética nuclear, punto de fusión y titulación potenclométrica del Ion yoduro con nitrato de plata.

Se diseñó y construyó un densímetro operado magnéticamente, el cual permite determinar la densidad de una solución con precisión hasta la quinta cifra decimal. En el diseno se tuvo en cuenta la posibilidad de poder armar y desarmar fácilmente las diferentes piezas que constituyen el densímetro, con el objeto de cambiar la bobina principal y asi aumentar el rango de las densidades que se pueden medir. La calibración del densímetro se realizó mediante anillos de platino y soluciones de cloruro de sodio. Igualmente, se diseñó, construyó y montó un sistema para el control de temperatura, el cual no presentó desviaciones mayores de 10,006°C a 25°C.

FUNDAMENTO: A doença arterial coronariana (DAC) é a principal causa de óbito em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC). Os exames não invasivos tradicionais para detecção de DAC e predição de eventos têm apresentado resultados insuficientes nesse grupo. A avaliação do escore de cálcio coronariano (ECC) por tomografia computadorizada tem comprovado valor prognóstico na população sem doença renal. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a acurácia do ECC para detectar DAC obstrutiva e prever eventos cardiovasculares em candidatos a transplante renal comparada à angiografia coronariana invasiva (ACI) quantitativa. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 97 pacientes com IRC e idade > 35anos. Foi considerada DAC obstrutiva a presença de estenose >50% ou >70% pela ACI. Dados descritivos, concordância, testes diagnósticos, Kaplan-Meier e análise multivariada foram utilizados. RESULTADOS: O escore de Agatston médio foi de 580,6 ± 1.102,2; os valores mínimos e máximos foram 0 e 7.994, e mediana de 176. Apenas 14 pacientes tinham escore de cálcio de zero. Não houve diferenças entre as etnias e a maior presença de cálcio regional associou-se a maior probabilidade de estenose coronária no mesmo segmento. O escore de cálcio de Agatston apresentou boa acurácia para o diagnóstico de estenose, >50% e >70% com área sob a curva ROC de 0,75 e 0,70, respectivamente. No limiar de 400, o escore de cálcio identificou o subgrupo com maior taxa de eventos cardiovasculares em tempo médio de seguimento de 29,1±11,0 meses. CONCLUSÃO: O ECC na avaliação de DAC apresentou boa performance diagnóstica e prognóstica para eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica (IRC).FUNDAMENTO: La enfermedad arterial coronaria (EAC) es la principal causa de óbito en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC). Los exámenes no invasivos tradicionales para detección de EAC y predicción de eventos vienen presentando resultados insuficientes en este grupo. La evaluación del score de calcio coronario (SCC) por tomografía computarizada ha estado comprobando valor pronóstico en la población sin enfermedad renal. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la exactitud del SCC para detectar EAC obstructiva y prever eventos cardiovasculares en candidatos a trasplante renal comparada a la angiografía coronaria invasiva (ACI) cuantitativa. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 97 pacientes con IRC y edad > 35 años. Se consideró como EAC obstructiva la presencia de estenosis > 50% o > 70% por la ACI. Datos descriptivos, concordancia, pruebas diagnósticas, Kaplan-Meier y análisis multivariado se utilizaron. RESULTADOS: El score de Agatston promedio fue de 580,6 ± 1.102,2; los valores mínimos y máximos fueron 0 y 7.994, y mediana de 176. Solamente 14 pacientes tenían score de calcio de cero. No hubo diferencias entre las etnias y la mayor presencia de calcio regional se asoció a la mayor probabilidad de estenosis coronaria en el mismo segmento. El score de calcio de Agatston presentó buena exactitud para el diagnóstico de estenosis, > 50% y > 70% con área bajo la curva ROC de 0,75 y 0,70, respectivamente. En el umbral de 400, el score de calcio identificó el subgrupo con mayor tasa de eventos cardiovasculares en tiempo promedio de seguimiento de 29,1 ± 11,0 meses. CONCLUSIÓN: El SCC en la evaluación de EAC presentó una buena performance diagnóstica y pronostica para eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica (IRC).BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the major cause of death among chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. Traditional, non-invasive exams to detect CAD and to predict events have shown insufficient results in this group. CT Scan evaluation of Coronary Calcium Score (CCS) has proven to be of prognostic value for the population reporting no renal condition. OBJECTIVE: To investigate CCS accuracy in detecting obstructive CAD and in predicting cardiovascular events in candidates to renal transplant as compared to quantitative invasive coronary angiography (ICA). METHODS: Ninety-seven (97) CRF patients aged > 35 were evaluated. Obstructive CAD was considered as >50% or >70% stenosis on ICA. Descriptive data, concordance, diagnostic tests, Kaplan-Meier, and multivariate analysis were used. RESULTS: Agatston mean score was 580.6 ± 1,102.2. Minimum and maximum values were 0 and 7,994, with median at 176. Only 14 patients had zero calcium score. No differences were reported in regard to ethnicity. Highest regional calcium was associated to the highest probability of coronary stenosis in the same segment. Agatston calcium score showed high accuracy for the diagnosis of >50% and >70% stenosis, with area under ROC curve (AUC) of 0.75 and 0.70, respectively. At the threshold of 400, calcium score identified a subgroup with a higher rate of cardiovascular events at an average follow-up time of 29±11.0 months. CONCLUSION: CCS proved to have good diagnostic and prognostic performance for cardiovascular events evaluation in CRF patients.

BackgroundAdverse events of special interest (AESIs) were pre-specified to be monitored for the COVID-19 vaccines. Some AESIs are not only associated with the vaccines, but with COVID-19. Our aim was to characterise the incidence rates of AESIs following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients and compare these to historical rates in the general population.MethodsA multi-national cohort study with data from primary care, electronic health records, and insurance claims mapped to a common data model. This study's evidence was collected between Jan 1, 2017 and the conclusion of each database (which ranged from Jul 2020 to May 2022). The 16 pre-specified prevalent AESIs were: acute myocardial infarction, anaphylaxis, appendicitis, Bell's palsy, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, encephalomyelitis, Guillain- Barré syndrome, haemorrhagic stroke, non-haemorrhagic stroke, immune thrombocytopenia, myocarditis/pericarditis, narcolepsy, pulmonary embolism, transverse myelitis, and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia. Age-sex standardised incidence rate ratios (SIR) were estimated to compare post-COVID-19 to pre-pandemic rates in each of the databases.FindingsSubstantial heterogeneity by age was seen for AESI rates, with some clearly increasing with age but others following the opposite trend. Similarly, differences were also observed across databases for same health outcome and age-sex strata. All studied AESIs appeared consistently more common in the post-COVID-19 compared to the historical cohorts, with related meta-analytic SIRs ranging from 1.32 (1.05 to 1.66) for narcolepsy to 11.70 (10.10 to 13.70) for pulmonary embolism.InterpretationOur findings suggest all AESIs are more common after COVID-19 than in the general population. Thromboembolic events were particularly common, and over 10-fold more so. More research is needed to contextualise post-COVID-19 complications in the longer term.FundingNone.

Introducción: En la fisiopatología de algunas entidades neurológicas y psiquiátricas se involucran determinadas estructuras encefálicas. Las pruebas diagnósticas por imagen y la segmentación informática brindan la oportunidad de estudiar posibles relaciones entre ellas. Objetivo: Realizar un atlas anatómico mediante imágenes de resonancia magnética (RM) encefálica, definiendo los valores de normalidad en sujetos sanos de diversas estructuras para aplicarlos en el estudio de pacientes con patologías neurológicas y/o psiquiátricas, determinando posibles relaciones. Materiales y métodos: Diez estudios de RM de individuos sanos, analizados por dos radiólogos independientes. Se estudiaron los núcleos caudado, putamen y pálido de ambos hemisferios cerebrales, mediante la herramienta de segmentación ITK-SNAP. Se determinaron los volúmenes máximo, mínimo y medio de los núcleos, comparando ambos lados y la concordancia interobservador. Resultados: Los resultados volumétricos del caudado reflejaron una media de 4032 mm3 (+/-719'72), 4626'42 mm3 (+/-653'87) para el putamen y 1251'25 mm3 (+/- 277'3) para el pálido. Los índices de correlación entre los núcleos de ambos lados fueron de 0'974 para el caudado, 0'946 para el putamen y 0´76 para el pálido. Los índices de correlación interobservador fueron de 0'737, 0'919 y 0'082, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La segmentación en imágenes médicas -en este caso, RM- tiene un futuro prometedor para analizar patologías cerebrales con alteraciones morfológicas y/o morfométricas. Los resultados obtenidos para los núcleos putamen y caudado representan una directriz inicial para establecer la morfología y morfometría normales.Introduction: Some encephalic structures are involved into the physiopathology of some neurologic and psychiatric entities. The different imaging modalities and the computer segmentation allow the opportunity of studying the possible relationship among them. Objective: To elaborate an anatomic atlas of the encephalic structures by means of MR images, evaluating in healthy patients the normal values of these structures, in order to apply them in the study of patients with neurologic or psychiatric pathologies to determine a possible relationship. Material and methods: Ten MR studies of healthy patients, analysed by two independents radiologists. Caudate, putamen and pallidum nuclei of both hemispheres were evaluated by means of the segmentation tool ITKSNAP. The maximum, minimum and medium volumes of the nuclei were determined, comparing both sides and the interobserver correlation. Results: The volumetric results for caudate nucleus (media) were: 4032 mm3 (+/-719'72), 4626'42 mm3 (+/-653'87) for the putamen and 1251'25 mm3 (+/-277'3) for the pallidum. The correlation index between the nucleus of both sides were of 0,974 for caudate, 0,946 for the putamen and 0,76 for the pallidum. The interobserver correlation indexes were 0,737, 0,919 and 0,082 respectively. Conclusions: Medical imaging segmentation, in this case MR, has a very promising future in order to analyse brain entities with morphometric or morphologic alterations. The obtained results in case of caudate, putamen and pallidum nuclei represent an initial key in order to establish the normal morphology and morphometry of these structures.

Se midieron las densidades a 25,000 ± 0,006°C de soluciones acuosas diluidas de los yoduros de bencil trimetll amonio y dimetil dibencil amonio, e mpleando un densímetro de flotación magnética. Se calcularon los volúmenes molares aparentes 0v S^ obtuvieron volúmenes molares parciales a dilución infinita, extrapolando los valores de 0 ^ mediante la ecuación de Redlich y Meyer yj—°y + S^y^c-Fb^c,sin el término bvc. El cambio progresivo de un grupo metilo por un grupo bencilo en el yoduro de tetrametll amonio produce un incremento en el volumen parcial molar a dilución infinita de 64,4 ml/mol para las sales estudiadas.