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Summary Background & aims Macronutrient intake was associated with habitual sleep duration, a recognized metabolic risk factor. However, results are not clear for populations with large diversities in dietary habits and urbanization levels. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the associations between relative macronutrient intakes and sleep duration, and the potential modification effect of urban–rural residence among adult Chinese population. Methods We analyzed data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009. In total, 9239 men and women aged 18 years or older were included. Dietary intakes were measured using a combination of a 3-day recall and household-based food weighing approach. Sleep duration was self-reported as hours of sleeping every 24 h. Results Our participants have a mean sleep duration of 7.9 ± 1.2 h. After multivariate adjustment, higher intake of carbohydrate as percentage of total energy was associated with longer sleep duration (β ± SE = 0.43 ± 0.12, P < 0.001); and an inverse association was observed for the relative protein intake (β ± SE = −2.12 ± 0.47, P < 0.001). After stratification, the inverse association for protein was only detected in rural residents (β ± SE = −3.30 ± 0.66, P < 0.001), but not in urban participants (β ± SE = −0.44 ± 0.74, P = 0.55) (P for interaction = 0.002). Similarly, a marginal interaction with residence was observed for carbohydrate–sleep association. Conclusions Our study suggested that the relative intakes of protein/carbohydrate were associated with sleep duration among adult Chinese, especially those in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of facilely synthetic materials acts an essential role in glycoproteome analysis, especially for the highly efficient enrichment of N-linked glycopeptides. In this work, a facile and timesaving route was introduced in which COF TP-TAPT served as a carrier and poly (ethylenimine) (PEI) and carrageenan (Carr) were successively coated on the surface via electrostatic interaction. The resultant COF TP-TAPT @PEI@Carr showed remarkable performance in glycopeptide enrichment with high sensitivity (2 fmol μL−1), high selectivity (1:800, molar ratio of human serum IgG to BSA digests), large loading capacity (300 mg g−1), satisfactory recovery (102.4 ± 6.0%) and reusability (at least eight times). Due to the brilliant hydrophilicity and electrostatic interactions between COF TP-TAPT @PEI@Carr and positively charged glycopeptides, the prepared materials could be applied in the identification and analysis in the human plasma of healthy subjects and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. As a result, 113 N-glycopeptides with 141 glycosylation sites corresponding to 59 proteins and 144 N-glycopeptides with 177 glycosylation sites corresponding to 67 proteins were enriched from 2 μL plasma trypsin digests of the control groups and patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. 22 glycopeptides were identified only from the normal controls and 53 glycopeptides were detected only from the other set. The results demonstrated that this hydrophilic material was promising on a large scale and further N-glycoproteome research. [Display omitted] • The stable hydrophilic porous COFs were designed for glycopeptide enrichment. • The hydrophilicity and stability of COFs in acidic solutions were greatly improved. • COFs showed great enrichment performance via HILIC and electrostatic interactions. • COFs materials were successfully applied for human plasma glycoproteomic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial navigation and episodic memory. However, research on in vivo hippocampal activity dynamics mostly relies on single modalities, such as electrical recordings or optical imaging, with respectively limited spatial and temporal resolution. Here, we develop the E-Cannula, integrating fully transparent graphene microelectrodes with imaging cannula, which enables simultaneous electrical recording and two-photon calcium imaging from the exact same neural populations across an anatomically extended region of the mouse hippocampal CA1 stably across several days. The large-scale multimodal recordings show that sharp wave ripples (SWRs) exhibit spatiotemporal wave patterns along multiple axes in two-dimensional (2D) space with different spatial extents and temporal propagation modes. Notably, distinct SWR wave patterns are associated with the selective recruitment of orthogonal CA1 cell assemblies. These results demonstrate the utility of the E-Cannula as a versatile neurotechnology with the potential for future integration with other optical components. [Display omitted] • Two-photon imaging and electrophysiological recording from the same hemisphere of CA1 • Multiunit spiking activity phase locked to local ripples • Local ripple generation and propagation along the septotemporal and transverse axes • Distinct spatiotemporal ripple patterns recruiting orthogonal cell assemblies Liu et al. develop the E-Cannula, integrating fully transparent microelectrodes with imaging cannula for reliable, long-term monitoring of cellular calcium response, local field potentials, and spiking activities from the same neuronal population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-mRNA splicing involves two sequential reactions: branching and exon ligation. The C complex after branching undergoes remodeling to become the C∗ complex, which executes exon ligation. Here, we report cryo-EM structures of two intermediate human spliceosomal complexes, pre-C∗-I and pre-C∗-II, both at 3.6 Å. In both structures, the 3′ splice site is already docked into the active site, the ensuing 3′ exon sequences are anchored on PRP8, and the step II factor FAM192A contacts the duplex between U2 snRNA and the branch site. In the transition of pre-C∗-I to pre-C∗-II, the step II factors Cactin, FAM32A, PRKRIP1, and SLU7 are recruited. Notably, the RNA helicase PRP22 is positioned quite differently in the pre-C∗-I, pre-C∗-II, and C∗ complexes, suggesting a role in 3′ exon binding and proofreading. Together with information on human C and C∗ complexes, our studies recapitulate a molecular choreography of the C-to-C∗ transition, revealing mechanistic insights into exon ligation. [Display omitted] • Cryo-EM structures of two intermediate human spliceosomal complexes • The recognition of 3′SS and 3′ exon prior to exon ligation • Identification of the step II factor FAM192A in pre-C∗ complexes • Recapitulation of a molecular choreography from C to C∗ complex Zhan et al. reported the cryo-EM structures of two intermediate human spliceosomal complexes just prior to exon ligation, pre-C∗-I and pre-C∗-II, revealing the C-to-C∗ transition and mechanistic insights into exon ligation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) in person re-identification (ReID). • Connective Momentum Clustering (CMC) framework to build a connection estimator via graph convolutional networks (GCN). • Normalize the data stream separately to decouple different distribution. • Extensive cross-database experiments on Duke and Market databases. • SOTA performance on ReID domain adaption. Unsupervised domain adaptation in person re-identification remains a challenge to learning discriminative representations due to the absence of labels in target domain. Clustering could provide pseudo-labels, but the limitation mainly comes from imperfect clustering and noisy pseudo-labels. To address this drawback, we propose C onnective M omentum C lustering (CMC) framework to build a connection estimator via graph convolutional networks to transfer rich connection knowledge from the annotation space of source data to target domain. It estimates connections from context to reveal relationship between unlabeled data and helps to discover more reliable clusters. With momentum mechanism, stable pseudo-labels are updated iteratively with confidence and refined consistently to encourage more discriminative networks. Meanwhile, we notice that the huge domain gap between source and target domains results in severe pollution in BatchNorm layers. To tackle this problem, we normalize the data stream separately to decouple different distribution and further boost the performance in target domain. We adopt our CMC framework on mainstream tasks and achieves 80.2% mAP / 91.3% Rank-1 on Duke → Market task and 70.4% mAP / 82.4% Rank-1 on Market → Duke task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Host immunogenetic factors such as HLA class I polymorphism are important to HIV-1 infection risk and AIDS progression. Previous studies using high-resolution HLA class I profile data of Chinese populations appeared insufficient to provide information for HIV-1 vaccine development and clinical trial design. Here we reported HLA class I association with HIV-1 susceptibility in a Chinese Han and a Chinese Uyghur cohort. Methodology/Principal Findings: Our cohort included 327 Han and 161 Uyghur ethnic individuals. Each cohort included HIV-1 seropositive and HIV-1 seronegative subjects. Four-digit HLA class I typing was performed by sequencing-based typing and high-resolution PCR-sequence specific primer. We compared the HLA class I allele and inferred haplotype frequencies between HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative groups. A neighbor-joining tree between our cohorts and other populations was constructed based on allele frequencies of HLA-A and HLA-B loci. We identified 58 HLA-A, 75 HLA-B, and 32 HLA-Cw distinct alleles from our cohort and no novel alleles. The frequency of HLA-B"5201 and A"0301 was significantly higher in the Han HIV-1 negative group. The frequency of HLA-B"5101 was significantly higher in the Uyghur HIV-1 negative group. We observed statistically significant increases in expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm predicted haplotype frequencies of HLA-A"0201-B"5101 in the Uyghur HIV-1 negative group, and of Cw"0304-B"4001 in the Han HIV-1 negative group. The B62s supertype frequency was found to be significantly higher in the Han HIV-1 negative group than in the Han HIV-1 positive group. Conclusions: At the four-digit level, several HLA class I alleles and haplotypes were associated with lower HIV-1 susceptibility. Homogeneity of HLA class I and Bw4/Bw6 heterozygosity were not associated with HIV-1 susceptibility in our cohort. These observations contribute to the Chinese HLA database and could prove useful in the development of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission occurs during gestation, intrapartum and postpartum (by breast-feeding), 50-70% of all infected children seem to acquire HIV-1 shortly before or during delivery. Epidemiological evidence indicates that mucosal exposure is an important aspect of intrapartum HIV transmission. A simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) macaque model has been developed4 that mimics the mucosal exposure that can occur during intrapartum HIV-1 transmission. To develop immunoprophylaxis against intrapartum HIV-1 transmission, we used SHIV-vpu[sup +] (refs. 5,6), a chimeric simian-human virus that encodes the env gene of HIV-IIIB. Several combinations of human monoclonal antibodies against HIV-1 have been identified that neutralize SHIV-vpu[sup +] completely in vitro through synergistic interaction. Here, we treated four pregnant macaques with a triple combination of the human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies F105, 2G12 and 2F5. All four macaques were protected against intravenous SHIV-vpu[sup +] challenge after delivery. The infants received monoclonal antibodies after birth and were challenged orally with SHIV-vpu[sup +] shortly thereafter. We found no evidence of infection in any infant during 6 months of follow-up. This demonstrates that IgG1 monoclonal antibodies protect against mucosal lentivirus challenge in neonates. We conclude that epitopes recognized by the three monoclonal antibodies are important determinants for achieving substantial protection, thus providing a rational basis for AIDS vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salicin is a natural glycoside compound widely used to treat fever, inflammation, and analgesia. Currently, salicin is primarily extracted from willow bark, which is not only cumbersome in terms of extraction and separate steps, but also subject to seasonal and geographic limitations. In this study, a highly efficient biosynthetic pathway for salicin synthesis was designed and constructed in E. coli. The most important precursor in the synthetic pathway of salicin designed in this study is salicyl alcohol. Building on a previously constructed biosynthetic salicylic acid metabolic pathway, the production of salicyl alcohol in shake flask fermentation reached 1.7 g/L by increasing the supply of shikimic acid pathway precursor PEP and salicyl alcohol precursor chorismate. According to the principle of substrate similarity, this study identified the key enzyme OsSGT1 from Oryza sativa , which uses E. coli endogenous UDP-glucose as a glycosyl donor to glycosylate salicyl alcohol into salicin. By redefining the optimal substrate of OsSGT1, and balancing metabolic flux along with increasing the supply of UDP-glucose, salicin production in shake flasks reached 4 g/L. Finally, culturing the high-yield strain in a 3-L fermenter resulted in the synthesis of 14.62 g/L of salicin. To the best of our knowledge, this achievement marks the highest salicin production through microbial fermentation to date. • Constructed an efficient de novo biosynthesis pathway for salicin in E. coli.. • Identified and characterized a novel enzyme for salicyl alcohol glycosylation. • The engineered strain reached highest titer with 14.6 g/L salicin in fed-batch fermenter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal roof systems have been widely used in various landmark buildings. The effect of the temperature of a large-span metal roof system under solar radiation is significant. As the latest roof form, the continuous welded stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system shows many unknown behaviors under the action of temperature. The purpose of this work is to analyse the temperature field and temperature effect of the CWSSR system under solar radiation and to select the appropriate support layouts to reduce the temperature effect of the CWSSR system. First, an experimental study on the temperature field of the CWSSR system was carried out. Finite element analysis of the temperature field distribution was then performed, and the validity of the finite element method was verified by comparing the experimental results. Finally, the influence of different support layouts on the temperature effect of the CWSSR system was researched. The results show that there is an obvious nonuniform distribution of the temperature field and temperature effect of the CWSSR system under solar radiation. The maximum temperature difference between the roof panel and the ambient temperature is 39.4 °C. By using arrangements of cross-support and segmented support, the stresses of the roof panel and support can be effectively reduced, and the maximum reductions are 14.4 % and 38.9 %, respectively. The investigation results contribute the most to the safe design of metal roof systems and are expected to provide guidelines for future applications of the CWSSR system. • Experimental study on temperature field distribution of roof system. • There is an obvious thermal behavior of the stainless steel roof system under solar radiation. • By using arrangements of cross-support and segmented support, the thermal behavior of the roof panel and support can be effectively reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and ultrasensitive method is described for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). It is based on the formation of a dendritic DNA superstructure by integrating (a) target-induced triggering of DNA release with (b) signal amplification by a hybridization chain reaction. Partially complementary pairing of aptamer and trigger DNA forms a duplex structure. The capture DNA is then placed on the surface of a gold electrode through gold-thiol chemistry. In the presence of SEB, the aptamer-target conjugate is compelled to form. This causes the release of trigger DNA owing to a strong competition with SEB. The trigger DNA is subsequently hybridized with the partial complementary sequences of the capture DNA to trigger HCR with three auxiliary DNA sequances (referred to as H1, H2, H3). Finally, the dendritic DNA superstructure is bound to hexaammineruthenium(III) cation by electrostatic adsorption and assembled onto the modified gold electrode. This produces an amplified electrochemical signal that is measured by chronocoulometry. Under optimal conditions, the charge difference increases linearly with the logarithm of the SEB concentrations in the range from 5 pg·mL−1 to 100 ng·mL−1 with a detection limit as low as 3 pg·mL−1 (at S/N = 3).An electrochemical switching strategy is presented for the sensitive detection of Staphylococcus enterotoxin B based on target-triggered assembly of dendritic nucleic acid nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patients with hemophilia (PWH) constantly suffer hemarthrosis, which leads to deformity of the hip joint. Therefore, PWH who are going to receive total hip arthroplasty (THA) should be exclusively treated before the surgery with careful measurement of their proximal femur. Hence, we conducted a retrospective study to explore the anatomical parameters of and differences in the proximal femur in hemophilic patients who underwent THA. Methods: The retrospective study comprised data of adult patients who received total hip arthroplasty from 2020 to 2022 in the research center. Patients having a diagnosis of hemophilic arthritis and received THA were included in experimental group, and patients with hip arthritis or femoral head necrosis were taken as control group. Parameters including femoral offset, neck‐shaft angle (NSA), medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level (T+20), mid‐lesser trochanter level (T), and 20 mm blow it (T−20), and canal flare index (CFI), femoral cortical index (FCI) were measured on X‐ray and CT images with PACS by two independent doctors. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20. Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to test data normality. Student's t‐test was performed between PWH and control group. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 94 hips, 39 (41.5%) were included in group hemophilia and 55(58.5%) in control group. The mean age of the patients was 49.36 ± 12.92 years. All cases were male patients. Data demonstrated significantly smaller femoral cortical index (FCI), femoral offset, medullary cavity of 20 mm above mid‐lesser trochanter level, mid‐lesser trochanter level, and 20 mm below it, and neck‐shaft angle (NSA) was obviously larger in PWH than control group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found in canal flare index (CFI). Conclusion: Hemophilic patients undergoing THA were prone to longer and thinner proximal femur. Preoperative morphological analysis of femur is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan is a new chemotherapy protocol increasingly used for recurrent malignant glioma. Results from phase II trials suggest this drug combination is beneficial to patients, but no conclusive comparisons between this and other treatment protocols have been published. Methods We performed a systematic review and survival gain analysis of phase II studies to evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus irinotecan treatment. To do this, we utilized a preexisting database from which the mean overall survival and response rate of patients could be predicted. Survival gain, which characterized the influence of treatment, was defined as the difference between observed and predicted mean overall survival. Response gain was calculated similarly. Results 741 cohorts were enrolled in the database. Among them, 282 cohorts were based on recurrent adult HGG, mean reported median overall survival was 10.96 ± 8.4 months, and mean response rate was 18.9% ± 20.5. We found that compared with other treatment protocols, bevacizumab plus irinotecan largely improved response rates (P = 0.00002) and had a possible moderate effect on overall survival time (P = 0.024). Hemorrhage, thromboembolic complications, and gastrointestinal toxicities were the most frequently reported side effects. Conclusion The combination of bevacizumab and irinotecan might improve outcome in patients with recurrent malignant glioma. Randomized controlled trials are recommended to evaluate this treatment protocol and the additional value of irinotecan.

Background: Cancer cachexia is a deadly wasting syndrome that accompanies various diseases (including ~ 50% of cancers). Clinical studies have established that cachexia is not a nutritional deficiency and is linked to expression of certain proteins (e.g., interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), but much remains unknown about this often fatal syndrome. Methods: First, cachexia was created in experimental mouse models of lung cancer. Samples of human lung cancer were used to identify the association between the serum lipocalin 2 (LCN2) level and cachexia progression. Then, mouse models with LCN2 blockade or LCN2 overexpression were used to ascertain the role of LCN2 upon ferroptosis and cachexia. Furthermore, antibody depletion of tissue-infiltrating neutrophils (TI-Neu), as well as myeloid-specific-knockout of Lcn2, were undertaken to reveal if LCN2 secreted by TI-Neu caused cachexia. Finally, chemical inhibition of ferroptosis was conducted to illustrate the effect of ferroptosis upon tissue wasting. Results: Protein expression of LCN2 was higher in the wasting adipose tissue and muscle tissues of experimental mouse models of lung cancer cachexia. Moreover, evaluation of lung cancer patients revealed an association between the serum LCN2 level and cachexia progression. Inhibition of LCN2 expression reduced cachexia symptoms significantly and inhibited tissue wasting in vivo. Strikingly, we discovered a significant increase in the number of TI-Neu in wasting tissues, and that these innate immune cells secreted high levels of LCN2. Antibody depletion of TI-Neu, as well as myeloid-specific-knockout of Lcn2, prevented ferroptosis and tissue wasting in experimental models of lung cancer cachexia. Chemical inhibition of ferroptosis alleviated tissue wasting significantly and also prolonged the survival of cachectic mice. Conclusions: Our study provides new insights into how LCN2-induced ferroptosis functionally impacts tissue wasting. We identified LCN2 as a potential target in the treatment of cancer cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Nicorandil alleviate neuropathic pain induced by CCI in rodents' models. • Nicorandil activates KATP channels in endothelial cells and reduces BNB damage. • Blocking KATP channels diminishes the efficacy of nicorandil in neuropathic pain. The clinical management of neuropathic pain (NP) remains a significant challenge, as current pharmacological treatments do not fully meet clinical needs. Nicorandil, a potassium ATP channel agonist widely used in cardiovascular medicine, has recently been shown to have significant potential for analgesia. This study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of nicorandil in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) mouse model. Nicorandil significantly alleviated pain hypersensitivity and reduced neuronal injury in the sciatic nerve (SN) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) post-CCI. Nicorandil primarily affected endothelial cells and Schwann cells in the sciatic nerve, restoring the expression of the KATP channel subunit Kir6.2. Furthermore, nicorandil attenuated the hypoxia-induced apoptosis program in sciatic nerve endothelial cells, leading to reduced expression of apoptotic proteins, which provided significant endothelial protection, improved blood–nerve barrier leakage, and decreased the release of DRG inflammatory factors and pain neurotransmitter substance P. In vitro, nicorandil attenuated the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a hypoxic environment while maintaining cellular functions. In addition, administering the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide in vitro further confirmed the crucial role of Kir6.2 in reducing endothelial hypoxic stress, as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and behavioural experiments. Overall, these findings indicate that nicorandil significantly ameliorates CCI-induced NP in mice by targeting Kir6.2 in sciatic nerve endothelial cells, thus inhibiting pain sensitization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]