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Summary Objectives Patients who survive a suicide attempt present an increased risk of relapse during the three months after discharge from a hospital, referred to herein as the post-discharge period. Developing and assessing the efficacy and safety of methods that reduce the risk of relapse in the post-discharge period is critical for professionals in the field of suicide prevention. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a new Intensive Psychosocial Care (IPC) program after discharge for a suicide attempt with a Standard Care Program (SCP) in non-hospitalized patients. Methods We conducted a open-label prospective trial to compare the outcome of patients who have attempted suicide for a duration of 6 months according to whether they were included in care program group IPC or SCP after discharge from the emergency department. Results Using the Beck Depression Inventory short-form (BDI-SF), the IPC program was significantly associated with both a decrease of the total score of the scale at 6th month, and a trend towards a decline in the time lag between discharge and the improvement of depressive symptoms. When compared to SCP, patients receiving the IPC had also a lower drop-out rate (43% versus 15% in the 6th month) and a higher adherence to treatment until the 3rd month (56% versus 41.7%). Median time to reattempt was 83.7 [95%CI: 45.8–121.7] days for IPC as compared to 75.6 [95%CI: 38.8–112.4] days for SCP, respectively. Conclusions Personalized follow-up with close contacts by the same caregivers as those who initially assessed the patient in the emergency room improved adherence to care and reduced depressive symptoms more intensely and faster after a suicide attempt.

Theory of mind (ToM) and empathy are severely impaired in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and more mildly in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Such impairments are associated with behavioural disorders. Modification of visual scanning strategies of complex visual scenes is also found in these pathologies. We hypothesised that these patients applied atypical gaze strategies when observing social events, which does not allow them to properly process social cues and results in the production of erroneous inferences and lack of empathy towards others.Fifty-five participants were divided into four groups: five bvFTD subjects, 19 AD subjects, 17 PD subjects and 14 matched control subjects. ToM and empathy were assessed by eye movement recording (eye-tracking) and by a questionnaire during a painting observation. Scores obtained were compared between each group and to social cognition reference tests and correlated to the NeuroPsychiatric Inventory.Our paradigm was suitable for assessing cognitive ToM while it lacked sensitivity for empathy assessment. Severe ToM impairment was highlighted in bvFTD, while milder difficulties were observed in AD and for PD. Subjects with bvFTD and AD produced erroneous inferences from cognitive mental states. ToM performances were linked to visual exploration strategies of the painting. Atypical visual observation was highlighted in the bvFTD and AD groups causing a time delay in taking the perspective of the other person. Finally, we highlighted that social cognition performances, gaze strategies and behavioural disorders were correlated.Observing a painting in association with eye-tracking technology can be a good support for social cognition assessment. We highlighted a link between atypical visual scanning strategies, ToM impairment and behavioural disorders in these pathologies. ToM skills could be improved by training in the search for visual social cues. Therefore, this kind of remediation could have positive effects on behavioural disorders.

International audience

International audience; The late Miocene Baynunah Formation in western Abu Dhabi Emirate (United Arab Emirates) has yielded new bird fossils, including both skeletal and eggshell remains that we describe here, together with a revision and summary of previous findings. A ratite pelvis is characterized by its larger size compared with extant ostriches and is assigned to Struthio cf. karatheodoris. Fossil eggshells belong to the ootaxon Diamantornis laini as well as to an aepyornithoid type. Diamantornis laini is previously recorded from contemporaneous sites in Africa, and aepyornithoid eggshells are widespread across Neogene sites in Eurasia and Africa. Neognath birds are represented by three taxa, a cormorant Phalacrocorax sp. (size of P. fuscicollis), a darter Anhinga cf. hadarensis, and a heron of the tribe Nycticoracini. The darter attests to a link with Africa, being tentatively referred to a fossil species known from East Africa. The Baynunah birds provide valuable information on the biogeographic origins of different components of the avifauna in the late Miocene, near the junction between the Palaearctic, Indomalayan and Afrotropical zoogeographical regions.

This thesis addresses the problem of resource allocation for cognitive satellite communications.In a context of increasing throughput demands, satellite communication systems are required to use frequencies already used by terrestrial systems. The underlay cognitive radio paradigm allows a secondary network to use the same frequency band that a primary network uses. However, the interference created by the secondary network must not exceed a certain limit, which is set by the primary network.We consider a cognitive satellite communication system, where terrestrial users transmit information to a satellite, and that satellite sends it back to a terrestrial gateway in a relay-like fashion.In this way, the terrestrial users of the satellite secondary network generate interference on the primary network, which is due to the secondary lobes of the transmitting antennas. The management of the transmission power of the secondary satellite users becomes essential to limit the interference on the primary terrestrial network and, at the same time, to reach the maximum throughput of the system. Moreover, taking into account the nonlinearities coming from the satellite, especially the high-power amplifier, becomes crucial when the satellite is used at its maximum capabilities.This is because the non-linear effects produced by the amplifier, modeled by Volterra series, degrade the system throughput.In this context, the thesis consists in proposing resource allocation algorithms in order to optimize the sum-rate of the satellite system, while respecting the interference limits set by the primary terrestrial network, taking into account the nonlinear effects generated by the satellite components., Cette thèse traite le problème de l’allocation de ressources pour les communications cognitives par satellite. Dans un contexte de demandes grandissantes en terme de débit, les systèmes de communication par satellite sont amenés à utiliser des fréquences déjà employées par des systèmes terrestres. Le paradigme de la radio cognitive de type sous couche permet à un réseau secondaire d'utiliser la même bande de fréquence qu'un réseau primaire. Cependant, l'interférence créée par le réseau secondaire ne doit pas excéder une certaine limite, fixée par le réseau primaire. Nous considérons un système de communication cognitif par satellite, où des utilisateurs terrestres transmettent des informations à un satellite, ce dernier les renvoyant à une passerelle terrestre à la manière d'un relais. De cette façon, les utilisateurs terrestres du réseau secondaire satellitaire génèrent des interférences sur le réseau primaire, qui sont dues aux lobes secondaires des antennes d'émission. La gestion de la puissance de transmission des utilisateurs satellitaires secondaires devient primordiale pour limiter les interférences sur le réseau primaire terrestre et, en même temps, atteindre le débit maximal du système. De plus, la prise en compte des non-linéarités provenant du satellite, notamment l'amplificateur de haute puissance, devient cruciale lorsque celui-ci est utilisé au maximum de ses capacités. Car les effets non linéaires produit par l'amplificateur, modélisé par des séries de Volterra, dégradent les débits du système. Dans ce contexte, la thèse consiste à proposer des algorithmes d'allocation de ressources afin d'optimiser la somme des débits du système satellitaire, tout en respectant les limites d'interférence fixées par le réseau terrestre primaire, avec la prise en compte des effets non linéaires générées par les composants du satellite.

This thesis addresses the problem of resource allocation for cognitive satellite communications.In a context of increasing throughput demands, satellite communication systems are required to use frequencies already used by terrestrial systems. The underlay cognitive radio paradigm allows a secondary network to use the same frequency band that a primary network uses. However, the interference created by the secondary network must not exceed a certain limit, which is set by the primary network.We consider a cognitive satellite communication system, where terrestrial users transmit information to a satellite, and that satellite sends it back to a terrestrial gateway in a relay-like fashion.In this way, the terrestrial users of the satellite secondary network generate interference on the primary network, which is due to the secondary lobes of the transmitting antennas. The management of the transmission power of the secondary satellite users becomes essential to limit the interference on the primary terrestrial network and, at the same time, to reach the maximum throughput of the system. Moreover, taking into account the nonlinearities coming from the satellite, especially the high-power amplifier, becomes crucial when the satellite is used at its maximum capabilities.This is because the non-linear effects produced by the amplifier, modeled by Volterra series, degrade the system throughput.In this context, the thesis consists in proposing resource allocation algorithms in order to optimize the sum-rate of the satellite system, while respecting the interference limits set by the primary terrestrial network, taking into account the nonlinear effects generated by the satellite components.; Cette thèse traite le problème de l’allocation de ressources pour les communications cognitives par satellite. Dans un contexte de demandes grandissantes en terme de débit, les systèmes de communication par satellite sont amenés à utiliser des fréquences déjà employées par des systèmes terrestres. Le paradigme de la radio cognitive de type sous couche permet à un réseau secondaire d'utiliser la même bande de fréquence qu'un réseau primaire. Cependant, l'interférence créée par le réseau secondaire ne doit pas excéder une certaine limite, fixée par le réseau primaire. Nous considérons un système de communication cognitif par satellite, où des utilisateurs terrestres transmettent des informations à un satellite, ce dernier les renvoyant à une passerelle terrestre à la manière d'un relais. De cette façon, les utilisateurs terrestres du réseau secondaire satellitaire génèrent des interférences sur le réseau primaire, qui sont dues aux lobes secondaires des antennes d'émission. La gestion de la puissance de transmission des utilisateurs satellitaires secondaires devient primordiale pour limiter les interférences sur le réseau primaire terrestre et, en même temps, atteindre le débit maximal du système. De plus, la prise en compte des non-linéarités provenant du satellite, notamment l'amplificateur de haute puissance, devient cruciale lorsque celui-ci est utilisé au maximum de ses capacités. Car les effets non linéaires produit par l'amplificateur, modélisé par des séries de Volterra, dégradent les débits du système. Dans ce contexte, la thèse consiste à proposer des algorithmes d'allocation de ressources afin d'optimiser la somme des débits du système satellitaire, tout en respectant les limites d'interférence fixées par le réseau terrestre primaire, avec la prise en compte des effets non linéaires générées par les composants du satellite.

Facial emotion recognition (FER) may be impaired in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Nevertheless, the literature is heterogeneous, with studies not highlighting this kind of impairment. Moreover, most studies have not explored differences between MS spectrum disorders (radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS), clinically-isolated syndrome (CIS), relapsing-remitting (RRMS), and progressive (primary - (PPMS) and secondary - (SPMS)). One hypothesis would be that FER impairment results from an alteration of eye-gaze strategies while observing emotional faces. Consequently, a FER deficit would be found in MS patients for whom these observation strategies would be disturbed and more frequent in the progressive forms.We prospectively enroled 52 patients (10 RIS, 10 CIS, 12RRMS, 10 SPMS, 10 PPMS) and 23 healthy controls (HC) to assess FER using Ekman Faces Test. Eye movements (number and duration of fixations) were recorded with an eye-tracking device.21% of the MS participants had significant FER impairment. This impairment was observed in all phenotypes. In progressive forms, FER impairment was more frequent, more severe, and associated with modified emotional face observation strategies. MS participants with significant FER impairment had significantly more modification of eye-gaze strategies during observation of expressive faces than MS participants without FER impairment.FER impairment seems to be linked to a deficit of attention orientation in MS. Remediation of eye-gaze strategies during observation of emotional faces could be beneficial, as observed in other neurological diseases.

Background and Purpose— The TST trial (Treat Stroke to Target) evaluated the benefit of targeting a LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol of 4 mm, in a French and Korean population. The follow-up lasted a median of 5.3 years in French patients (similar to the median follow-up time in the SPARCL trial [Stroke Prevention by Aggressive Reduction in Cholesterol Level]) and 2.0 years in Korean patients. Exposure duration to statin is a well-known driver for cardiovascular risk reduction. We report here the TST results in the French cohort. Methods— One thousand seventy-three French patients were assigned to Results— After a median follow-up of 5.3 years, the achieved LDL cholesterol was 66 (1.69 mmol/L) and 96 mg/dL (2.46 mmol/L) on average, respectively. The primary end point occurred in 9.6% and 12.9% of patients, respectively (HR, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.57–0.94]; P =0.019). Cerebral infarction or urgent carotid revascularization following transient ischemic attack was reduced by 27% ( P =0.046). Cerebral infarction or intracranial hemorrhage was reduced by 28% ( P =0.023). The primary outcome or intracranial hemorrhage was reduced by 25% ( P =0.021). Intracranial hemorrhages occurred in 13 and 11 patients, respectively (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.53–2.62]; P =0.70). Conclusions— After an ischemic stroke of documented atherosclerotic origin, targeting a LDL cholesterol of Registration— URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01252875.

Cranes (Gruidae) have a poor early fossil record, and the oldest ascertained fossils hitherto referred to the family (either as crown or stem-representatives) date back to the early or middle Miocene. Other Gruoidea have an even scarcer fossil record. Psophiidae and Aramidae are virtually unknown as fossils, and other fossil representatives of the Gruoidea are difficult to place. Here, we describe a new fossil that sheds new light on the early history of stem Gruidae, a right coracoid in dorsal view preserved on slab in limestone laminites of the early Oligocene « Calcaires de Campagne-Calavon» (Alpes de Haute Provence, France). It is compared with extant and fossil morphologically related taxa, and appears to differ from all extant and fossil relatives in the Gruoidea. The new fossil represents, among the Gruoidea, a new genus and species, Palaeogeranos tourmenti, placed within the clade (Aramidae + Gruidae) that is referred to as epifamily Gruoidae. Within Gruoidae, placement is tentative and we give arguments leading to propose a possible position as a stem Gruidae, a hypothesis to be tested with further discoveries. In this hypothesis, aged around 30 million years, the new fossil suggests that the stem of the Gruidae would date back to at least the earliest Oligocene, which is still compatible with current molecular phylogenetic divergence dates estimations, given the confidence intervals. Palaeogeranos will potentially help refining future calibrations for molecular phylogenetic studies, at least concerning the earliest Gruoidae (Aramidae + Gruidae).

Nyaru Menteng est un centre de reintroduction pour orangs-outans de la fondation BOS (Borneo Orangutan Survival). Depuis la cage de quarantaine de son arrivee a un probable retour aux sources, l’orang-outan developpe differentes techniques du corps. La question de la qualite de sa communication, ainsi que la structure sociale qui l’entoure restent en suspens. La culture locale des pensionnaires se developpe d’elle-meme, independamment des normes attendues, ce qui occasionne nombre de comportements inattendus. La question n’est plus alors de connaitre l’influence humaine sur ces primates en termes d’efficacite comme en laboratoire, mais en termes d’alteration par le contact avec le personnel et le dispositif de la reintroduction sur une culture animale, ce que savent deja ses acteurs. Les interactions favorisent la creativite. Les primates heberges recomposent leur culture entre ce que prevoit le dispositif, ce qu’ils en imitent, ce qu’ils y reinventent et ce qu’ils oublient, faisant preuve de flexibilite et tendant ainsi vers une sous-culture qui leur est particuliere. Cette alteration culturelle de l’animal integre les mecanismes de transformation du monde resumes par le terme d’Anthropocene. Malgre la volonte de liberer l’animal – justifiant de cette facon l’activite des zoos qui lui viennent en aide – Nyaru Menteng affiche plusieurs aspects de l’apprivoisement et de la domestication.

Video-oculography (VOG) could be useful for monitoring neurodegenerative diseases and multiple sclerosis (MS), as a high prevalence of subclinical eye movements abnormalities (EMA) has been previously reported, with a potential prognostic value regarding disease evolution. However, access to VOG is limited in clinical practice.To evaluate the reliability of VOG recordings performed using eVOG, a mobile application developed on an iPad.Patients with MS or related disease without clinically detectable EMA were enrolled in a cross-sectional study during which two VOG exams (classical VOG and eVOG) were performed on the same day. We examined reflex saccades, antisaccades, smooth pursuit and fixation. The total number of deficits, saccadic latencies and velocities, qualitative smooth pursuit were compared.30 patients were included. The mean number of EMA per patient on classical VOG was 4.1 and 2.3 on eVOG. We found a statistical association between the number of EMA for each exam (r = 0.66, p 0.0001). Saccades latencies (r = 0.57, p 0.0001) and velocities (r = 0.45, p 0.0001) were also well correlated. Assessing eVOG accuracy, we found a sensitivity ranging from 44% to 100% and a specificity ranging from 71% to 88.9% depending on the considered abnormality.eVOG could be an easily accessible solution to screen MS patients for the presence of EMA. We plan to use eVOG on a larger cohort of patients, in a prospective study to assess the prognostic value of subclinical EMA in MS. We also plan to investigate the use of eVOG in other neurological conditions.

8-bit TIFF image stack of microCT scans through the premaxilla of Omorhamphus (YPM 13106; Lower Gray Bull Fm, Eocene, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming). Scan taken at University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility by Matthew Colbert. Scan parameters: NSI scanner. Feinfocus source, high power, 200 kV, 0.14 mA, 1 aluminum filter, Perkin Elmer detector, 0.25 pF gain, 1 fps (999.911 ms integration time), no binning, no flip, source to object 218.58 mm, source to detector 1316.527 mm, continuous CT scan, no frames averaged, 0 skip frames, 3600 projections, 6 gain calibrations, 5 mm calibration phantom, data range [-10, 100] (grayscale range adjusted from NSI defaults), beam-hardening correction = 0.3. Voxel size = 0.0302 mm. Total slices = 1813., {"references":["Louchart A, Bhullar B-A, Riamon S and Field DJ (2021) The True Identity of Putative Tooth Alveoli in a Cenozoic Crown Bird, the Gastornithid Omorhamphus. Front. Earth Sci. 9:661699. doi: 10.3389/feart.2021.661699"]}

The late Miocene Baynunah Formation in western Abu Dhabi Emirate (United Arab Emirates) has yielded new bird fossils, including both skeletal and eggshell remains that we describe here, together with a revision and summary of previous findings. A ratite pelvis is characterized by its larger size compared with extant ostriches and is assigned to Struthio cf. karatheodoris. Fossil eggshells belong to the ootaxon Diamantornis laini as well as to an aepyornithoid type. Diamantornis laini is previously recorded from contemporaneous sites in Africa, and aepyornithoid eggshells are widespread across Neogene sites in Eurasia and Africa. Neognath birds are represented by three taxa, a cormorant Phalacrocorax sp. (size of P. fuscicollis), a darter Anhinga cf. hadarensis, and a heron of the tribe Nycticoracini. The darter attests to a link with Africa, being tentatively referred to a fossil species known from East Africa. The Baynunah birds provide valuable information on the biogeographic origins of different components of the avifauna in the late Miocene, near the junction between the Palaearctic, Indomalayan and Afrotropical zoogeographical regions.