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10,868 results on '"Lorch, A"'

205. Measuring school level attributable risk to support school-based HPV vaccination programs

Author

C. Vujovich-Dunn, H. Wand, J. M. L. Brotherton, H. Gidding, J. Sisnowski, R. Lorch, M. Veitch, V. Sheppeard, P. Effler, S. R. Skinner, A. Venn, C. Davies, J. Hocking, L. Whop, J. Leask, K. Canfell, L. Sanci, M. Smith, M. Kang, M. Temple-Smith, M. Kidd, S. Burns, L. Selvey, D. Meijer, S. Ennis, C. Thomson, N. Lane, J. Kaldor, and R. Guy

Subjects
HPV vaccines, Primary prevention, Cervical cancer, Immunisation programs, School-based, Health equity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background In Australia in 2017, 89% of 15-year-old females and 86% of 15-year-old males had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. However, considerable variation in HPV vaccination initiation (dose one) across schools remains. It is important to understand the school-level characteristics most strongly associated with low initiation and their contribution to the overall between-school variation. Methods A population-based ecological analysis was conducted using school-level data for 2016 on all adolescent students eligible for HPV vaccination in three Australian jurisdictions. We conducted logistic regression to determine school-level factors associated with lower HPV vaccination initiation (

Published
2022
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206. Listening to bluetooth beacons for epidemic risk mitigation

Author

Gilles Barthe, Roberta De Viti, Peter Druschel, Deepak Garg, Manuel Gomez-Rodriguez, Pierfrancesco Ingo, Heiner Kremer, Matthew Lentz, Lars Lorch, Aastha Mehta, and Bernhard Schölkopf

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic let to efforts to develop and deploy digital contact tracing systems to expedite contact tracing and risk notification. Unfortunately, the success of these systems has been limited, partly owing to poor interoperability with manual contact tracing, low adoption rates, and a societally sensitive trade-off between utility and privacy. In this work, we introduce a new privacy-preserving and inclusive system for epidemic risk assessment and notification that aims to address these limitations. Rather than capturing pairwise encounters between user devices as done by existing systems, our system captures encounters between user devices and beacons placed in strategic locations where infection clusters may originate. Epidemiological simulations using an agent-based model demonstrate that, by utilizing location and environmental information and interoperating with manual contact tracing, our system can increase the accuracy of contact tracing actions and may help reduce epidemic spread already at low adoption.

Published
2022
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207. The impact of COVID-19 on ophthalmology resident surgical experience: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis

Author

Hursuong Vongsachang, Michael J. Fliotsos, Alice C. Lorch, Eric L. Singman, Fasika A. Woreta, and Grant A. Justin

Subjects
Graduate medical education, Clinical competence, Ophthalmologic surgical procedures, COVID-19, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused significant disruption to in-office and surgical procedures in the field of ophthalmology. The magnitude of the impact of the pandemic on surgical training among ophthalmology residents is not known. This study aims to quantify changes in average case logs among United States (U.S.) ophthalmology residency graduates prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of aggregate, national data on case logs of U.S. ophthalmology residency graduates from 2012 to 2020. The yearly percent change in the average number of procedures performed in the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) ophthalmology resident case logs were analyzed using linear regression on log-transformed dependent variables. The average percent change from 2019 to 2020 was compared to the average yearly percent change from 2012 to 2019 for procedures performed as the primary surgeon, and primary surgeon and surgical assistant (S + A), as well as procedures for which there are ACGME minimum graduating numbers. Results Across all procedures and roles, average case logs in 2020 were lower than the averages in 2019. While average total cases logged as primary surgeon increased yearly by 3.2% (95% CI: 2.7, 3.8%, p

Published
2022
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208. Higher burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors in women with type 2 diabetes: an analysis of the Glycemic Reduction Approaches in Diabetes (GRADE) baseline cohort

Author

C Wright, C Sanders, C Wilson, L Tucker, S Jones, S Douglass, C Patel, A Kumar, S Smith, A Ghosh, C Adams, R Hill, D Martin, J Hu, M Lee, N Patel, O Smith, J Cook, J Day, M Jackson, G Riera, P McGee, J Park, J Jiménez, S Yang, A Carlson, C Martin, H Liu, Y Li, A Krol, K Wright, S Golden, A Sood, J Martinez, D Sanchez, K Burton, Y Gao, S Martin, O Sanchez, C DeSouza, M Johnson, L Estrada, A Jackson, J Higgins, K Martin, J Craig, A Kuhn, L Ngo, Deborah J Wexler, R Chatterjee, E Walker, J Kerr, W Taylor, J Lim, M Perez, R Henry, Vanita R Aroda, R Fraser, Cyrus Desouza, E King, C Campbell, J González, E Diaz, P Zhang, J Marks, S Abraham, A Ross, M Khalid, T Young, J Myers, J Barzilay, B Chambers, G Montes, C Jensen, J McConnell, R Nelson, L Prosser, S Morton, M Curtis, P Wilson, L Young, M Fürst, S Warren, C Newman, S Kuo, N Rasouli, A Werner, L Morton, A Ghazi, M Salam, F Ismail-Beigi, P Kringas, C Baker, E Ellis, A Cherian, L Holloway, M Madden, B Hollis, G Fuller, B Steiner, K Stokes, R Ayala, T Lowe, K Chu, S Durán, D Dyer, A Alfred, J Leger, Nicole M Butera, T Hamilton, J Costello, E Burgess, R Garg, A Maxwell, C Stevens, W Ye, T Tran, L Fischer, M Hurtado, H Schneier, C Lund, R Lorch, M Mullen, J Bantle, K Arnold, D Wexler, A TURCHIN, MS Lee, D Howard, J Tejada, S Hernandez, Tasma Harindhanavudhi, E Schroeder, K Pham, S Kunkel, A Fagan, G Lord, H CHONG, A Smiley, E Debnam, H Petrovitch, M Bäckman, B Kauffman, V Jenkins, B Cramer, JP Crandall, MD McKee, S Behringer-Massera, J Brown-Friday, E Xhori, K Ballentine-Cargill, H Estrella, S Gonzalez de la torre, J Lukin, LS Phillips, D Olson, M Rhee, TS Raines, J Boers, C Gullett, M Maher-Albertelli, R Mungara, L Savoye, CA White, F Morehead, S Person, M Sibymon, S Tanukonda, A Balasubramanyam, R Gaba, P Hollander, E Roe, P Burt, K Chionh, C Falck-Ytter, L Sayyed Kassem, M Tiktin, T Kulow, KA Stancil, J Iacoboni, MV Kononets, L Colosimo, R Goland, J Pring, L Alfano, C Hausheer, K Gumpel, A Kirpitch, JB Green, H AbouAssi, MN Feinglos, J English Jones, RP Zimmer, BM Satterwhite, K Evans Kreider, CR Thacker, CN Mariash, KJ Mather, A Lteif, V Pirics, D Aguillar, S Hurt, R Bergenstal, T Martens, J Hyatt, H Willis, W Konerza, K Kleeberger, R Passi, S Fortmann, M Herson, K Mularski, H Glauber, J Prihoda, B Ash, C Carlson, PA Ramey, E Schield, B Torgrimson-Ojerio, E Panos, S Sahnow, K Bays, K Berame, D Ghioni, J Gluth, K Schell, J Criscola, C Friason, S Nazarov, N Rassouli, R Puttnam, B Ojoawo, C Sanders-Jones, Z El-Haqq, A Kolli, J Meigs, A Dushkin, G Rocchio, M Yepes, H Dulin, M Cayford, A DeManbey, M Hillard, N Thangthaeng, L Gurry, R Kochis, E Raymond, V Ripley, V Aroda, A Loveland, M Hamm, HJ Florez, WM Valencia, S Casula, L Oropesa-Gonzalez, L Hue, AK Riccio Veliz, R Nieto-Martinez, M Gutt, A Ahmann, D Aby-Daniel, F Joarder, V Morimoto, C Sprague, D Yamashita, N Cady, N Rivera-Eschright, P Kirchhoff, B Morales Gomez, J Adducci, A Goncharova, SH Hox, M Matwichyna, NO Bermudez, L Broadwater, RR Ishii, DS Hsia, WT Cefalu, FL Greenway, C Waguespack, N Haynes, A Thomassie, B Bourgeois, C Hazlett, S Mudaliar, S Boeder, J Pettus, D Garcia-Acosta, S Maggs, C DeLue, E Castro, J Krakoff, JM Curtis, T Killean, E Joshevama, K Tsingine, T Karshner, J Albu, FX Pi-Sunyer, S Frances, C Maggio, J Bastawrose, X Gong, MA Banerji, D Lorber, NM Brown, DH Josephson, LL Thomas, M Tsovian, MH Jacobson, MM Mishko, MS Kirkman, JB Buse, J Dostou, K Bergamo, A Goley, JF Largay, S Guarda, J Cuffee, D Culmer, H Almeida, S Coffer, L Kiker, K Josey, WT Garvey, A Agne, S McCullars, RM Cohen, MC Rogge, K Kersey, S Lipp, MB Vonder Meulen, C Underkofler, S Steiner, E Cline, WH Herman, R Pop-Busui, MH Tan, A Waltje, A Katona, L Goodhall, R Eggleston, K Whitley, S Bule, N Kessler, E LaSalle, ER Seaquist, A Bantle, T Harindhanavudhi, B Redmon, M Coe, M Mech, A Taddese, L Lesne, L Kuechenmeister, V Shivaswamy, AL Morales, K Seipel, J Eggert, R Tillson, DS Schade, A Adolphe, M Burge, E Duran-Valdez, P August, MG Rodriguez, O Griffith, A Naik, Barbara I Gulanski, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Judith H Lichtman, Jennifer B Green, Colleen E Suratt, Hiba AbouAssi, Andrew J Ahmann, E Gonzalez Hattery, A Ideozu, G McPhee, SA Khan, JB Kimpel, HM Ismail, ME Larkin, M Magee, A Ressing, L Manandhar, F Mwicigi, V Lagari-Libhaber, A Cuadot, YJ Kendal, B Veciana, G Fry, A Dragg, B Gildersleeve, J Arceneaux, M Pavlionis, A Stallings, S Machineni, AL Cherrington, MCR Lawson, C Adkins, T Onadeko, M Razzaghi, C Lyon, R Penaloza, WI Sivitz, LK Knosp, S Bojescu, S Burbach, A Bancroft, FA Jamaleddin Ahmad, D Hernandez McGinnis, B Pucchetti, E Scripsick, A Zamorano, RA DeFronzo, E Cersosimo, M Abdul-Ghani, C Triplitt, D Juarez, RI Garza, H Verastiqui, C Puckett, P Raskin, C Rhee, LF Jordan, S Sao, L Osornio Walker, L Schnurr-Breen, RB Kreymer, D Sturgess, KM Utzschneider, SE Kahn, L Alarcon-Casas Wright, EJ Boyko, EC Tsai, DL Trence, S Trikudanathan, BN Fattaleh, BK Montgomery, KM Atkinson, A Kozedub, T Concepcion, C Moak, N Prikhodko, S Rhothisen, TA Elasy, L Shackelford, R Goidel, N Hinkle, C Lovell, J Lipps Hogan, JB McGill, T Schweiger, S Kissel, C Recklein, MJ Clifton, W Tamborlane, A Camp, B Gulanski, SE Inzucchi, M Alguard, P Gatcomb, K Lessard, L Iannone, A Montosa, E Magenheimer, J Fradkin, HB Burch, AA Bremer, DM Nathan, JM Lachin, H Krause-Steinrauf, N Younes, I Bebu, N Butera, CJ Buys, MR Gramzinski, SD Hall, E Kazemi, E Legowski, C Suratt, M Tripputi, A Arey, J Bethepu, P Mangat Dhaliwal, E Mesimer, M Steffes, J Seegmiller, A Saenger, V Arends, D Gabrielson, T Conner, J Huminik, A Scrymgeour, EZ Soliman, Y Pokharel, ZM Zhang, L Keasler, S Hensley, R Mihalcea, DJ Min, V Perez-Rosas, K Resnicow, H Shao, J Luchsinger, S Assuras, E Groessl, F Sakha, N Hillery, BM Everett, I Abdouch, G Bahtiyar, P Brantley, FE Broyles, G Canaris, P Copeland, JJ Craine, WL Fein, A Gliwa, L Hope, R Meiners, V Meiners, H O’Neal, JE Park, A Sacerdote, E Sledge, L Soni, J Steppel-Reznik, B Brooks-Worrell, CS Hampe, JP Palmer, A Shojaie, L Doner Lotenberg, JM Gallivan, and DM Tuncer

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), conferring a greater relative risk in women than men. We sought to examine sex differences in cardiometabolic risk factors and management in the contemporary cohort represented by the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE).Research design and methods GRADE enrolled 5047 participants (1837 women, 3210 men) with T2DM on metformin monotherapy at baseline. The current report is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected July 2013 to August 2017.Results Compared with men, women had a higher mean body mass index (BMI), greater prevalence of severe obesity (BMI≥40 kg/m2), higher mean LDL cholesterol, greater prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, and were less likely to receive statin treatment and achieve target LDL, with a generally greater prevalence of these risk factors in younger women. Women with hypertension were equally likely to achieve blood pressure targets as men; however, women were less likely to receive ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Women were more likely to be divorced, separated or widowed, and had fewer years of education and lower incomes.Conclusions This contemporary cohort demonstrates that women with T2DM continue to have a greater burden of cardiometabolic and socioeconomic risk factors than men, particularly younger women. Attention to these persisting disparities is needed to reduce the burden of CVD in women.Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01794143)

Published
2023
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209. Perioperative complications and oncological outcomes of post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with germ cell cancer at two high-volume university centres in Switzerland – a retrospective chart review

Author

Marco Notarfrancesco, Christian D. Fankhauser, Anja Lorch, Davide Ardizzone, Simon Helnwein, Dennis Hoch, Thomas Hermanns, George Thalmann, and Jörg Beyer

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (PC-RPLND) is an integral part of the management of patients with metastatic non-seminoma and residual masses >1 cm after chemotherapy. AIMS: To assess perioperative complications and oncological outcomes at two major referral centres in Switzerland. METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of 136 patients with non-seminoma who underwent PC-RPLND between 2010 and 2020 at the university hospitals of Bern and Zürich. Patient, treatment and tumour characteristics as well as the types and frequencies of intra- and postoperative complications were registered and compared using the chi-square test. Oncological outcomes consisted of the time and location of relapses as well as progression-free and overall survival, which were compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Overall, 70 patients from Bern and 66 patients from Zürich were included; 5 patients had a previous retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) (2 Bern, 3 Zürich). Vascular injuries were the most frequent intraoperative complication, occurring in 27/136 (19.9%) patients. Postoperative complications were observed in 42/136 (30.9%) patients, ileus being the most common. Perioperative mortality was 2.2%. A retroperitoneal mass ≥50 mm was significantly associated with intraoperative complications (p = 0.004) and increased resource demands (p = 0.021). Postoperative morbidity was higher according to age at post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection ≥40 years (p = 0.028) and retroperitoneal mass ≥20 mm (p = 0.005). The median follow-up time was 37 months (interquartile range [IQR] 18–64 months). The median progression-free survival at 5 years was 76% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 64–85%) in Bern and 69% (95% CI: 54–80%) in Zürich (p = 0.464). The median overall survival at 5 years was 88% (95% CI: 76–94%) in Bern and 77% (95% CI: 60–87%) in Zürich (p = 0.335). Patients with progressive disease or a tumour marker increase before retroperitoneal lymph node dissection had significantly inferior progression-free and overall survival compared to non-progressing patients. The presence of teratoma in resected specimens did not confer inferior survival probabilities compared to necrosis only, whereas the presence of vital undifferentiated tumour conferred inferior progression-free and overall survival. Patients with a previous retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and patients operated for late relapses >2 years after chemotherapy also had significantly inferior progression-free and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: We found a relevant rate of severe perioperative complications at PC-RPLND at even experienced high-volume centres. The oncological outcomes at two major university urological centres in Switzerland were similar and determined by preoperative risk factors and intraoperative histology.

Published
2023
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214. The 2021 Updated European Association of Urology Guidelines on Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma

Author

Cathomas, Richard, Lorch, Anja, Bruins, Harman M., Compérat, Eva M., Cowan, Nigel C., Efstathiou, Jason A., Fietkau, Rainer, Gakis, Georgios, Hernández, Virginia, Espinós, Estefania Linares, Neuzillet, Yann, Ribal, Maria J., Rouanne, Matthieu, Thalmann, George N., van der Heijden, Antoine G., Veskimäe, Erik, Alfred Witjes, J., and Milowsky, Matthew I.

Published
2022
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220. Learning to Decipher License Plates in Severely Degraded Images

Author

Kaiser, Paula, Schirrmacher, Franziska, Lorch, Benedikt, Riess, Christian, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Del Bimbo, Alberto, editor, Cucchiara, Rita, editor, Sclaroff, Stan, editor, Farinella, Giovanni Maria, editor, Mei, Tao, editor, Bertini, Marco, editor, Escalante, Hugo Jair, editor, and Vezzani, Roberto, editor

Published
2021
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222. Nonverbal Cognitive Skills in Children With Aicardi Goutières Syndrome

Author

Gavazzi, Francesco, primary, Vaia, Ylenia, additional, Woidill, Sarah, additional, Formanowski, Brielle, additional, Peixoto de Barcelos, Isabella, additional, Sevagamoorthy, Anjana, additional, Modesti, Nicholson B., additional, Charlton, Lauren, additional, Cusack, Stacy V., additional, Vincent, Ariel, additional, D'Aiello, Russell, additional, Jawad, Abbas, additional, Galli, Jessica, additional, Varesio, Costanza, additional, Fazzi, Elisa, additional, Orcesi, Simona, additional, Glanzman, Allan M., additional, Lorch, Scott, additional, DeMauro, Sara B., additional, Guez-Barber, Danielle, additional, Waldman, Amy T., additional, Vanderver, Adeline, additional, and Adang, Laura A., additional

Published
2024
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224. Quantitative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assessment in patients (pts) with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) treated with pembrolizumab (pembro) or platinum-based chemotherapy (chemo) from the phase 3 KEYNOTE-361 trial.

Author

Powles, Thomas, primary, Chang, Wayne Yen-Hwa, additional, Yamamoto, Yoshiaki, additional, Muñoz-Langa, José, additional, Reyes, Felipe, additional, Peer, Avivit, additional, Yu, Evan Y., additional, Cohen, Graham, additional, Lorch, Anja, additional, Bavle, Abhishek, additional, Homet Moreno, Blanca, additional, Markensohn, Julia, additional, Edmondson, Mackenzie, additional, Chen, Cai, additional, Cristescu, Razvan, additional, Pena, Carol Elaine, additional, Lunceford, Jared, additional, and Gunduz, Seyda, additional

Published
2024
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226. Primary intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and adults: Results of an international, multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Author

Zschaebitz, Stefanie, primary, Heck, Clarissa K, additional, Kasim, Rega, additional, Seidel, Christoph Alexander, additional, Blum, Veronika, additional, Paffenholz, Pia, additional, Hentrich, Marcus, additional, Cathomas, Richard, additional, Augustin, Marinela, additional, Timmer, Marco, additional, Schäfers, Christoph, additional, Schäfer, Sophia, additional, Harrabi, Semi, additional, Jaeger, Dirk, additional, Beyer, Joerg, additional, Lorch, Anja, additional, and Ochsenreither, Sebastian, additional

Published
2024
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228. Additive prognostic value of preoperative plasma glucose concentrations in calves undergoing abdominal surgery

Author

C.K. Lausch, A. Lorch, S. Giertzuch, A. Rieger, and F.M. Trefz

Subjects
Dairy processing. Dairy products, SF250.5-275
Abstract

Surgical abdominal emergencies in calves are associated with a guarded prognosis, especially if neonates are affected. Because hypoglycemia has been associated with sepsis and endotoxemia, this study aimed to assess the prognostic relevance of preoperative plasma glucose concentrations (GLUC) in calves requiring surgery for an acute abdominal disorder. For this purpose, data from retrospective and prospective case series were analyzed, consisting of 586 and 83 hospitalized calves, respectively. The outcomes of calves were evaluated until hospital discharge (both study populations) and for 3 mo following discharge by a phone call to the farmer (prospective study population). For the retrospective study population, the overall survival rate was 31.2%. Calves with a negative outcome (NO) had significantly lower median GLUC (4.3 mmol/L) than calves with a positive outcome (PO; 5.0 mmol/L). The survival rates of calves with GLUC 8.84 mmol/L), and GLUC

Published
2021
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231. Dedicated Chalazion Clinic as a Tool for Early Surgical Education in Ophthalmology Residency

Author

Lisa Y. Lin, Grayson W. Armstrong, Matthew Gardiner, Alice Lorch, Suzanne K. Freitag, and Prashant Yadav

Subjects
ophthalmology, chalazion, surgical education, residency, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Objective Ophthalmology residency programs aim to improve resident surgical teaching through increased surgical exposure over a 4-year period. Resident-centric surgical clinics across various surgical specialties have been established to help develop surgical autonomy and experience. We present the first demonstration of a resident-centric chalazion incision and drainage clinic (chalazion clinic) in an ophthalmology residency with the goal of increasing early surgical exposure to residents. Design The chalazion clinic was founded in July 2019. It is a once weekly procedure clinic conducted by an ophthalmology resident and supervised by an ophthalmology attending. Patients with chalazia were referred directly to this clinic for evaluation and management, rather than the oculoplastics clinic as they were in the past. Retrospective review of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case logs of all residents per academic year before and after establishment of the chalazion clinic was performed in order to assess the impact on residents' chalazion procedures numbers per academic year. Setting The study involved a single academic ophthalmology department. Participants Ophthalmology residents of all years were present. Results A resident of any year performed an average of 3.0 chalazion procedures per year in the 2018 to 2019 academic year, 3.8 in 2019 to 2020, and 8.4 in the 2020 to 2021, which represents a 180% increase in procedure numbers per resident. Among post-graduate-year 2s (PGY)2s, the average number of chalazion procedures increased from 2.1 procedure per year to 22.3 per year (961.9% increase). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of a dedicated resident-centric chalazion clinic in an ophthalmology residency program. PGY2s demonstrated the largest increase in procedural numbers. While chalazion incision and drainage is a minor procedure, increased exposure to surgical procedures early in training could help improve residents' skills and confidence. This clinic provides a proof of concept of a dedicated minor procedure clinic for ophthalmology residents to increase early procedural volume.

Published
2023
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234. Nuclear Quantum-Assisted Magnetometer

Author

Häberle, Thomas, Oeckinghaus, Thomas, Schmid-Lorch, Dominik, Pfender, Matthias, de Oliveira, Felipe Fávaro, Momenzadeh, Seyed Ali, Finkler, Amit, and Wrachtrup, Jörg

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Magnetic sensing and imaging instruments are important tools in biological and material sciences. There is an increasing demand for attaining higher sensitivity and spatial resolution, with implementations using a single qubit offering potential improvements in both directions. In this article we describe a scanning magnetometer based on the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond as the sensor. By means of a quantum-assisted readout scheme together with advances in photon collection efficiency, our device exhibits an enhancement in signal to noise ratio of close to an order of magnitude compared to the standard fluorescence readout of the nitrogen-vacancy center. This is demonstrated by comparing non-assisted and assisted methods in a $T_1$ relaxation time measurement., Comment: Accepted version

Published
2016
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235. Robust causal inference with continuous instruments using the local instrumental variable curve

Author

Kennedy, Edward H., Lorch, Scott A., and Small, Dylan S.

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Instrumental variables are commonly used to estimate effects of a treatment afflicted by unmeasured confounding, and in practice instruments are often continuous (e.g., measures of distance, or treatment preference). However, available methods for continuous instruments have important limitations: they either require restrictive parametric assumptions for identification, or else rely on modeling both the outcome and treatment process well (and require modeling effect modification by all adjustment covariates). In this work we develop the first semiparametric doubly robust estimators of the local instrumental variable effect curve, i.e., the effect among those who would take treatment for instrument values above some threshold and not below. In addition to being robust to misspecification of either the instrument or treatment/outcome processes, our approach also incorporates information about the instrument mechanism and allows for flexible data-adaptive estimation of effect modification. We discuss asymptotic properties under weak conditions, and use the methods to study infant mortality effects of neonatal intensive care units with high versus low technical capacity, using travel time as an instrument.

Published
2016

237. Impact of differing methodologies for serum miRNA-371a-3p assessment in stage I testicular germ cell cancer recurrence

Author

Ailsa J. Christiansen, João Lobo, Christian D. Fankhauser, Christian Rothermundt, Richard Cathomas, Aashil A. Batavia, Josias B. Grogg, Arnoud J. Templeton, Anita Hirschi-Blickenstorfer, Anja Lorch, Silke Gillessen, Holger Moch, Jörg Beyer, and Thomas Hermanns

Subjects
miRNA - microRNA, germ cell testicular cancer, serum biomarker, method optimization, clinical implementation, disease recurrence, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

IntroductionCurrent evidence shows that serum miR-371a-3p can identify disease recurrence in testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT) patients and correlates with tumour load. Despite convincing evidence showing the advantages of including miR-371a-3p testing to complement and overcome the classical serum tumour markers limitations, the successful introduction of a serum miRNA based test into clinical practice has been impeded by a lack of consensus regarding optimal methodologies and lack of a universal protocol and thresholds. Herein, we investigate two quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) based pipelines in detecting disease recurrence in stage I TGCT patients under active surveillance, and compare the sensitivity and specificity for each method.MethodsSequential serum samples collected from 33 stage I TGCT patients undergoing active surveillance were analysed for miR-371a-3p via qRT-PCR with and without an amplification step included.ResultsUsing a pre-amplified protocol, all known recurrences were detected via elevated miR-371a-3p expression, while without pre-amplification, we failed to detect recurrence in 3/10 known recurrence patients. For pre-amplified analysis, sensitivity and specificity was 90% and 94.4% respectively. Without amplification, sensitivity dropped to 60%, but exhibited 100% specificity.DiscussionWe conclude that incorporating pre-amplification increases sensitivity of miR-371a-3p detection, but produces more false positive results. The ideal protocol for quantification of miR-371a-3p still needs to be determined. TGCT patients undergoing active surveillance may benefit from serum miR-371a-3p quantification with earlier detection of recurrences compared to current standard methods. However, larger cross-institutional studies where samples are processed and data is analysed in a standardised manner are required prior to its routine clinical implementation.

Published
2022
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238. A first-in-human phase 1 study of cavrotolimod, a TLR9 agonist spherical nucleic acid, in healthy participants: Evidence of immune activation

Author

Weston L. Daniel, Ulrike Lorch, Scott Mix, and Alice S. Bexon

Subjects
immunotherapy, cytokines, immunomodulation, Toll-like receptor, clinical trial, cavrotolimod, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionTumor immunotherapy is designed to control malignancies through the host immune response but requires circumventing tumor-dysregulated immunomodulation through immunostimulation, relieving immunorepression, or a combination of both approaches. Here we designed and characterized cavrotolimod (formerly AST-008), an immunostimulatory spherical nucleic acid (SNA) compound targeting Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). We assessed the safety and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of cavrotolimod in healthy participants in a first-in-human Phase 1 study under protocol AST-008-101 (NCT03086278; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03086278).MethodsHealthy participants aged 18 to 40 years were enrolled to evaluate four dose levels of cavrotolimod across four cohorts. Each cohort included four participants, and all received a single subcutaneous dose of cavrotolimod. The dose levels were 5, 10, 12.5 and 18.8 µg/kg.Results and discussionCavrotolimod was well tolerated and elicited no serious adverse events or dose limiting toxicities at the doses tested. The results demonstrated that cavrotolimod is a potent innate immune activator, specifically stimulating Th1-type immune responses, and exhibits PD properties that may result in anti-tumor effects in patients with cancer. This study suggests that cavrotolimod is a promising clinical immunotherapy agent.

Published
2022
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247. Active Bayesian Causal Inference.

Author

Christian Toth, Lars Lorch, Christian Knoll 0002, Andreas Krause 0001, Franz Pernkopf, Robert Peharz, and Julius von Kügelgen

Published
2022

249. Deconstructing the Instruction of the Control of Variables Strategy: Key Components of Science Instruction

Author

Society for Research on Educational Effectiveness (SREE), Freer, Benjamin D., Lorch, Elizabeth P., Lorch, Robert F., and Calderhead, William

Abstract

A crucial element of the logic of the scientific method is the Control of Variables Strategy (CVS), in which conclusions about causal relations are enabled by manipulating a focal variable of interest while holding all other variables constant. Understanding CVS in elementary grades generally is poor, but can be improved with systematic instruction. Chen and Klahr (1999) developed a brief teaching intervention combining direct instruction in CVS with hands-on experience in constructing experiments. The method has been shown to be effective in individual instruction and in classroom settings (Klahr & Nigam, 2004; Lorch et al., 2010). Although relatively brief, the intervention is sufficiently complex that questions remain concerning which of its components are critical to success. Further, the intervention is effective in classrooms that are relatively high-achieving in science, but less effective in lower-achieving classrooms (Lorch et al., 2010). In the authors' program of research, they have "deconstructed" the teaching intervention to determine its most important components and to examine strategies for improving learning for all students. The studies to be discussed in this presentation center on two questions: What components of the Chen and Klahr (1999) teaching intervention are most important in producing and maintaining children's understanding of CVS? How can individuals build from this knowledge to improve understanding of CVS for all students? The studies discussed in the symposium all were conducted in public elementary schools. Some examined classroom-based interventions that were delivered as part of regular instruction in 4th grade classrooms of 20-28 students. Other studies involved individual sessions with 3rd or 4th grade students, either during the school day or as part of an after-school program. The research described here clarifies several important components that influence learning of the Control of Variables Strategy by 4th-grade students. First, combining the components of teacher-led instruction and student-led manipulation benefits learning in a way that neither element alone achieves. Second, opportunities for student-teacher interaction produced more learning than instruction that did not call for student response. Third, attempts to increase learning among children from schools low in science achievement by "simplifying" CVS instruction were not successful. That is, focusing instruction on unconfounded experiments ("positive" examples in Study 3) or reducing the number of variables that students needed to attend to during instruction (Study 4) were not as effective as instruction that began with confounded experiments or required children to attend to more variables, particularly among children from schools lower in average science achievement. Both of the latter conditions may place more stress on the rationale for CVS and on why all variables other than the focal one must be controlled. Fourth, the benefits of CVS instruction are best consolidated and maintained over time when instruction precedes the student-led design of ramps experiments and CVS testing. Finally, the major challenge for future efforts to improve CVS understanding is to improve the effectiveness of instruction for children who may be less prepared for science instruction. For these children, it may be essential to place more emphasis on promoting understanding of the goal of scientific experiments prior to instruction in the manipulation and control of variables. References are appended.

Published
2011

250. Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Author

Cascallar, Diana Vera, Varela, Mirta, Lazzaro, Mauricio Fernandez, Kaen, Diego Lucas, Gatica, Gabriela, Flores, David Hugo, Falco, Agustin, Molina, Matias, Van Aelst, Filip, Vulsteke, Christof, Sautois, Brieuc, Machiels, Jean-Pascal, Schallier, Denis, Brust, Leandro, Rapatoni, Liane, Azevedo, Sergio J, Marinho, Gisele, Soares, Joao Paulo Holanda, Dzik, Carlos, Almeida Silva, Jamile, Fay, Andre Poisl, Gingerich, Joel, Fradet, Yves, Ferrario, Cristiano, Potvin, Kylea, Vanhuyse, Marie, Abdelsalam, Mahmoud, Cheng, Susanna, Caglevic, Christian, Reyes, Felipe, Leal, Jose Luis, Francisco, Francisco, Ibanez, Carolina, Joly, Florence, Laguerre, Brigitte, Ladoire, Sylvain, Flechon, Aude, Topart, Delphine, Huillard, Olivier, Oudard, Stéphane, Gross-Goupil, Marine, Culine, Stephane, Loriot, Yohann, Gravis, Gwenaelle, Reichardt, Peter, Retz, Margitta, Herden, Jan, Pfister, David, Ohlman, Carsten, Stoeckle, Michael, Wirth, Manfred, Lorch, Anja, Niegisch, Guenter, Goebell, Peter J, Boegemann, Martin, Merseburger, Axel, Gakis, Georgios, Bedke, Jens, Neisius, Andreas, Thomas, Christian, Hoefner, Thomas, Telekes, Andras, Kosa, Judit Erzsebet, Revesz, Janos, Bodoky, Gyorgy, Csoszi, Tibor, Csejtei, Andras, Geczi, Lajos, Ruzsa, Agnes, Kolonics, Zsuzsanna, Erfan, Jozsef, McDermott, Ray, Bambury, Richard, Sella, Avishay, Frank, Stephen Jay, Kejzman, Daniel, Goldman, Olesya, Rosenbaum, Eli, Peer, Avivit, Berger, Raanan, Rouvinov, Keren, Sarid, David, Fukasawa, Satoshi, Arai, Gaku, Yamaguchi, Akito, Yokomizo, Akira, Takayama, Tatsuya, Kinoshita, Hidefumi, Kikuchi, Eiji, Mizuno, Ryuichi, Fujii, Yasuhisa, Sassa, Naoto, Matsukawa, Yoshihisa, Fujimoto, Kiyohide, Matsubara, Nobuaki, Tanikawa, Toshiki, Tomita, Yoshihiko, Nishimura, Kazuo, Tsujihata, Masao, Oyama, Masafumi, Masumori, Naoya, Kanayama, Hiroomi, Takano, Toshimi, Miura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Jun, Joraku, Akira, Kimura, Tomokazu, Yamamoto, Yoshiaki, Kobayashi, Kazuki, De Wit, Ronald, Aarts, Maureen, Gerritsen, Winald, Los, Maartje, Beerepoot, Laurens, Izmailov, Adel, Gorelov, Sergey Igorevich, Alekseev, Boris Yakovlevich, Semenov, Andrey, Kostorov, Vladimir Anatolyevich, Alekseev, Sergey M, Zyryanov, Alexander, Oschepkov, Vasiliy Nikolaevich, Shidin, Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Vladimirov, Vladimir Ivanovich, Gafanov, Rustem Airatovich, Karlov, Petr Alexandrovich, Anderson, David Brian, Shepherd, Lucinda, Cohen, Graham Lawrence, Rapoport, Bernardo Louis, Ruff, Paul, Lee, Nari, Bae, Woo Kyun, Lee, Hyo Jin, Herranz, Urbano Anido, Rodriguez-Vida, Alejo, Morales Barrera, Rafael, Grande, Enrique, Alonso Gordoa, Teresa, Guma Padro, Josep, Gauna, Daniel Castellano, Arranz, Jose Angel, Munoz Langa, Jose, Sarrio, Regina Girones, Montesa Pino, Alvaro, Juan Fita, Maria Jose, Su, Yu-Li, Lin, Yung-Chang, Su, Wen-Pin, Shen, Ying-Chun, Chang, Yen-Hwa, Huang, Yi-Hsiu, Sriuranpong, Virote, Chansriwong, Phichai, Srimuninnimit, Vichien, Danchaivijitr, Pongwut, Abali, Huseyin, Yavuz, Sinan, Ozyilkan, Ozgur, Sendur, Mehmet Ali Nahit, Ekenel, Meltem, Ozguroglu, Mustafa, Arslan, Cagatay, Gunduz, Seyda, Ozdogan, Mustafa, Birtle, Alison, Powles, Thomas, Huddart, Robert, de Santis, Maria, Zarkar, Anjali, Evans, Linda, Hussain, Syed, DiSimone, Christopher, Muina, Antonio F, Schlegel, Peter, Jhangiani, Haresh S, Harrison, Michael, Slater, Dennis E, Wright, David, Percent, Ivor J, Lin, Jianqing, Hwang, Clara, Mamtani, Ronac, Gupta, Sumati, Bajaj, Madhuri, Galamaga, Robert, Eklund, John, Wallace, James, Shtivelband, Mikhail, Suh, Jason Jung-Gon, Burhani, Nafisa, Eadens, Matthew, Gunturu, Krishna, Burgess, Earle, Wong, John, Chaudhry, Arvind, Van Veldhuizen, Peter, Graff, Stephanie, Thomas, Christian A, Schnadig, Ian D, Carneiro, Benedito, Hussain, Maha, Morgans, Alicia, Fitzharris, John T, Oliff, Ira A, Vuky, Jacqueline, Hauke, Ralph, Baron, Ari, Joshi, Monika, Bolemon, Britt H, Jiang, Peter, Mega, Anthony E, Markus, Maurice, Pfanzelter, Nicklas, Lawler, William Eyre, Cobb, Patrick Wayne, Courtright, Jay G, Jain, Sharad, Doshi, Gurjyot, Gunuganti, Vijay K, Sartor, Oliver Alton, Cole, Scott W, Babiker, Hani, Uchio, Edward M, Drakaki, Alexandra, Mannuel, Heather D, Alva, Ajjai, Guancial, Elizabeth, Fung, Chunkit, Charles, Anthony, Amato, Robert J, Arriaga, Yull, Bowman, Isaac, Ades, Steven, Dreicer, Robert, Yu, Evan, Quinn, David I, Fleming, Mark, Csőszi, Tibor, Özgüroğlu, Mustafa, Géczi, Lajos, Cheng, Susanna Y-S, Oudard, Stephane, Fléchon, Aude, Yu, Evan Y, Nam, Kijoeng, Imai, Kentaro, and Homet Moreno, Blanca

Published
2021
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