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Most tumors are resistant to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors, which may be due to impaired antigen presentation resulting from the downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) expression on tumor cells. We observed that platycodin D (PD), polygalacin D, and platycodin D2, which are plant-derived triterpenoid saponins, significantly reduced PD-L1 levels. RNA sequencing and the PharmMapper database analysis identified liver X receptor β (LXR-β) as a potential PD target. Further studies showed that PD reduces PD-L1 levels by binding to LXR-β and inhibiting LXR-β activity. Coadministration of PD and nintedanib, known to upregulate MHC-I expression, enhanced tumor recognition and killing by T cells. This study provides new insights into PD applications and mechanisms., (© 2024 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)

Background: Housing is a major social determinant of health that affects health status and outcomes across the lifespan. Objectives: An interagency portfolio analysis assessed the level of funding invested in "health and housing research" from fiscal years (FY) 2016–2020 across the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to characterize the existing health and housing portfolio and identify potential areas for additional research and collaboration. Methods/Results: We identified NIH, HUD, and CDC research projects that were relevant to both health and housing and characterized them by housing theme, health topic, population, and study design. We organized the assessment of the individual housing themes by four overarching housing-to-health pathways. From FY 2016–2020, NIH, HUD, and CDC funded 565 health and housing projects combined. The Neighborhood pathway was most common, followed by studies of the Safety and Quality pathway. Studies of the Affordability and Stability pathways were least common. Health topics such as substance use, mental health, and cardiovascular disease were most often studied. Most studies were observational (66%); only a little over one fourth (27%) were intervention studies. Discussion: This review of the research grant portfolios of three major federal funders of health and housing research in the United States describes the diversity and substantial investment in research at the intersection between housing and health. Analysis of the combined portfolio points to gaps in studies on causal pathways linking housing to health outcomes. The findings highlight the need for research to better understand the causal pathways from housing to health and prevention intervention research, including rigorous evaluation of housing interventions and policies to improve health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the religious exemption of the Copyright Act and its implications for copyright protection, particularly in cases involving performances of creative works by religious institutions. It examines a specific instance where a church's production of the musical "Hamilton" raised questions about copyright infringement and the applicability of the religious exemption.

The paper explores the intricate interplay between language and manipulation, focusing on the linguistic and extralinguistic manifestations of gaslighting in interpersonal communication. Gaslighting is viewed as a form of manipulative communication that involves deliberate denial or distortion of reality, making the victims doubt their own actions, perception, memory and sanity. The victim's ongoing confusion leads to a sense of powerlessness and a diminished self-esteem. Using a qualitative-quantitative linguistic method, the paper dissects the portrayal of gaslighting dynamics in the short psychological film Your Reality, which is based on real-life experiences. Through comprehensive psycholinguistic analysis, an attempt is made to illustrate how specific manipulative tactics are intentionally employed to achieve gaslighter's abusive objectives. Examining the subtle, yet powerful verbal and non-verbal manipulative tactics employed in the film, the research aims to elucidate gaslighting dynamics in interpersonal communication and empower readers with valuable insights into recognizing and addressing early signs of such deceitful behavior in real-life situation. Thus, this knowledge is crucial for fostering awareness, establishing boundaries to prevent gaslighting attempts and promoting healthy communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acibadem Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Acibadem University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Epistemus. Journal of Music, Cognition & Culture Research is the property of Facultad de Psicologia Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author reflects on Robert Duncan's poetic exploration of "open form," focusing on themes of flight towards unreachable stars, symbolizing transcendence over the present. Topics covered include Duncan's vision of eternity through ongoing poetic process, his interpretation of Whitman's expansive poetics as a model for continual growth, and the philosophical implications of his approach to poetry as an endless journey of learning and creation.

This paper aims to introduce a prediction of crop yield based on relationship between soil compaction and vegetation index. The soil compaction increasingly with depth, which was calculated manuallyunevenly distributed in the field. The NDVI/NDRE was conducted by aerial spectral images taken by the UAV. To figure out connection, the Pearson’s correlation test was applied to analyze the correlation between factors. These research results show that the NDVI/NDRE in WS and SA crops increased and decreased steadily after reaching the maximum values (0.85 ± 0.02/ 0.38 ± 0.02 and 0.8 ± 0.02/ 0.28 ± 0.02) during the reproductive stage. The NDVI/NDRE had a high relationship with the plant height, tiller number, yield components of rice. WS and SA networks were built and tested according to the training algorithm in the Matlab software for predicting rice yield with high reliability. The developed models showcase promising results in forecasting rice yield, underscoring the potential applicability of this methodology in agricultural yield prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine recovery through lived experience. It is part of a series that explores candid accounts of addiction and recovery to identify important components in the recovery process. Design/methodology/approach: The G-CHIME model comprises six elements important to addiction recovery (growth, connectedness, hope, identity, meaning in life and empowerment). It provides a standard against which to consider addiction recovery, having been used in this series, as well as in the design of interventions that improve well-being and strengthen recovery. In this paper, a first-hand account is presented, followed by a semi-structured e-interview with the author of the account. Narrative analysis is used to explore the account and interview through the G-CHIME model. Findings: This paper shows that addiction recovery is a remarkable process that can be effectively explained using the G-CHIME model. The significance of each component in the model is apparent from the account and e-interview presented. Originality/value: Each account of recovery in this series is unique and, as yet, untold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypatia of Alexandria was the most famous woman mathematician of antiquity, and her story is as relevant now as it was in her day. This play tells her story. While the events in the play are based closely on extant historical texts, inspiring excerpts from classical works by Porphyry, Plotinus, Aristotle and Plato are woven into the action to further the plot and add to the classical mood. Dance and music, including an Homeric hymn, add to the artistic texture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The number of older adults struggling to maintain adequate housing is growing. Prior studies have used various criteria to measure housing insecurity; however, no standardized definition exists to date. Using a multidimensional approach, our study sought to calculate population-based estimates of various forms of housing insecurity among community-living older Americans and determine how these estimates differ across key characteristics., Methods: This study utilized data from the 2011 round of the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), a prospective longitudinal study of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. Three key forms of housing insecurity were operationalized: poor housing affordability (PHA), poor housing quality (PHQ), and poor neighborhood quality (PNQ). Population-based estimates of these forms of housing insecurity were calculated using analytic sampling weights and stratified by age, gender, race and ethnicity, frailty status, and dementia status., Results: Totally 6466 participants were included in the analysis, representing 29,848,119 community-living older Americans. The mean (standard deviation) age was 77.3 (7.7) years; by weighted percentages, 56.0% identified as female, 81.3% as White, 8.2% Black, and 7.1% Hispanic. At least one form of housing insecurity was identified in 38.5% of older Americans. Individually, the prevalence of PHA was 14.8%, PHQ 24%, and PNQ 12.5%. The prevalence of at least one form of housing insecurity was higher among persons of color (62.9% Black and 66% Hispanic vs White; p < 0.001), those with frailty (40.9% pre-frail and 49.4% frail vs robust; p < 0.001), and those with cognitive impairment (48.1% possible and 51% probable dementia vs no dementia; p < 0.001)., Discussion: Nearly one in three community-living older Americans experience at least one form of housing insecurity. This was most common among vulnerable subgroups. Our multidimensional approach to defining various forms of housing insecurity can be used for future studies focused on improving social determinants of health among high-risk older adults., (© 2024 The American Geriatrics Society.)

Aim: We aimed to identify and describe the unmet needs of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Methods: As a part of larger cross-sectional mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative data) study on pathways to MDR-TB care, here we present the qualitative component. We interviewed 128 (56 men and 72 women) individuals who had MDR-TB, aged > = 15 years, registered and treated under the National TB Elimination Program (NTEP) in Pune city of India. We carried out thematic analysis of participants' narratives. Results: We found that delays in diagnosis, lack of counseling, late referral to the NTEP and unwarranted expenditure were the main barriers to care that study participants experienced in the private sector. Provider dismissal of symptoms, non-courteous behavior, lack of hygiene in the referral centers, forced stay with other patients and lack of support for psychological/psychiatric problems were identified as a few additional challenges that participants faced at the NTEP care centers. Conclusion: Using qualitative data from experiences of participants with MDR-TB, we identify patients' several unmet needs, attention to which can improve MDR-TB care. Educating private providers about MDR-TB risk and available rapid molecular assays can help the timely diagnosis of MDR-TB and reduce patients' out of pocket costs. At the RNTCP/NTEP, measures such as training health workers to build rapport with patients, maintaining hygienic environments in the health centers with adequate isolation of participants with MDR from other serious cases, referral of patients with psychiatric symptoms to mental health specialists and monitoring drug shortages can help in improving care delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of computer technology, urban informatics, as a new discipline in the field of urban planning, has gradually attracted academic attention. The rise of urban informatics puts new pressures on urban planning, but it also provides a new perspective of analysis. This paper is a summary of a panel discussion among scholars in urban informatics held at the 2020 International Association for China Planning(IACP).In this context, the panel outlines the definition of urban informatics, and the difference between urban informatics and urban analytic and computing, and found that urban informatics pays more attention to end user. This indicates that urban informatics has been more than a supporting role in urban planning or design, and is increasingly integrated with urban planning. The panel also discusses the connotation of urban informatics and its wide application in practice, and illustrates with examples. At the same time, the team identifies the difficulties of its development mainly reflected in the two aspects of resources and talents, and the learners of urban planning discipline have natural advantage in learning urban informatics. Finally, the panel discusses how to improve teaching, and concludes that the promotion of good cases, discipline integration, training data thinking rather than focusing too much on methods and other concepts. All in all, this panel's report contributes to the wider discussion about the role of urban informatics plays in urban planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic pleiotropy refers to the simultaneous association of a gene with multiple phenotypes. It is widely distributed in the whole genome and can help to understand the common genetic mechanism of diseases or traits. In this study, a multivariate response best-subset selection (MRBSS) model based pleiotropic association analysis method is proposed. Different from the traditional genetic association model, the high-dimensional genotypic data are viewed as response variables while the multiple phenotypic data as predictor variables. Moreover, the response best-subset selection procedure is converted into an 0-1 integer optimization problem by introducing a separation parameter and a tuning parameter. Furthermore, the model parameters are estimated by using the curve search under the modified Bayesian information criterion. Simulation experiments show that the proposed method MRBSS remarkably reduces the computational time, obtains higher statistical power under most of the considered scenarios, and controls the type I error rate at a low level. The application studies in the datasets of maize yield traits and pig lipid traits further verifies the effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study describes the trauma experiences of people with severe mental illness (SMI) in Ethiopia and presents a model of how SMI and trauma exposure interact to reduce functioning and quality of life in this setting. Methods: A total of 53 participants living and working in a rural district in southern Ethiopia were interviewed: 18 people living with SMI, 21 caregivers, and 14 primary health care providers. Results: Many participants reported that exposure to traumatic and stressful events led to SMI, exacerbated SMI symptoms, and increased caregiver stress and distress. In addition, SMI symptoms and caregiver desperation, stress or stigma were also reported to increase the possibility of trauma exposure. Conclusions: Results suggest it is incumbent upon health professionals and the broader health community to view trauma exposure (broadly defined) as a public health problem that affects all, particularly individuals with SMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graham McLean's book, "Ethical basics for the caring professions," offers a comprehensive and practical guide to ethics for healthcare and social care professionals. McLean emphasizes the importance of common moral sense and ethical reflection in these professions, rather than delving into complex ethical theories. The book covers topics such as logical tools, moral relativism, philosophical theories, the four principles of ethics, euthanasia, and disability. While the book is highly recommended for its depth and quality, some readers may find it lengthy and repetitive. Overall, it provides a valuable resource for practitioners seeking to enhance their ethical understanding and decision-making skills. [Extracted from the article]

There are various ways that teachers manage student disengagement levels during their class lessons, and managing disengagement can be both stressful and challenging, especially since each student is unique. Methods and techniques utilised are specific to teachers' own experience level, subject knowledge, and teaching styles. We report on the techniques and methods teachers utilise to identify, mitigate, and measure student disengagement during class lessons; the paper presents the results of a mixed-methods, multisession study design comprising gathered qualitative and quantitative data to enable a greater understanding. Eight educators who were full-time educators with varying years of experience from three different schools, who taught or had taught English, maths, and science subjects at the primary school level, participated in this study. The study also observed that teachers used three AR applications and collected valuable feedback on their perspectives by using analytics generated by AR applications to help manage student disengagement. A postsession survey tool was used to gather the perceived importance and ranking of the techniques and methods discussed by the teachers during the previous sessions. The results showed that the majority of teachers deemed spending "Time on Tasks" and giving "Feedback/Reflections" most suited for measuring disengagement, and encouraging "Movement" and use of "Technology" emerged as the most favoured for mitigating disengagement. For utilising AR enhanced analytics in mitigating and measuring student disengagement, the data suggested a difference in perspectives based on teachers' teaching levels, especially concerning conversations and the use of technology devices. The study did not find conclusive evidence of differences based on teachers' teaching subjects and there was a notable distinction in building positive relationships among English teachers. This leads to the suggestion that subject-specific pedagogy might influence the perceived effectiveness of using AR-generated analytics in mitigating and measuring student disengagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The screening process for social determinants of health (SDoH) includes questions regarding life circumstances and barriers to accessing health care. For patients, these questions may be intrusive, biased, and potentially risky. This article describes human-centered design methods to engage birthing parents and health care team members around SDoH screening and referral in maternity care. Methods: Three phases of qualitative research with birthing parents, health care teams, and hospital administrators were conducted in the United States. Shadowing, interviews, focus groups, and participatory workshops addressed the explicit and tacit concerns of the stakeholders regarding SDoH during maternity care. Results: Birthing parents wanted to be informed of the purpose of the clinic collecting SDoH information and how this information is used. Health care teams want to feel they are providing reliable and quality resources to their patients. They would like greater transparency that administrators are acting on SDoH data and the information is reaching people that can assist patients. Conclusion: As clinics implement patient-centered strategies for addressing SDoH in maternity care, it is important to include patients' perspectives. This human-centered design approach advances understanding of knowledge and emotional needs around SDoH and offers insights to meaningful engagement around sensitive health data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grounded in the intersectional principles of disability justice, this article attends to the integration of digital tools in qualitative inquiry. With a focus on the unique temporal landscapes of Disabled people, I suggest ways that digital tools can foster a more equitable, accessible, and just inquiry experience. Using personal accounts from two digital tools, I highlight the relationship between crip time and digital tools at the sites of (a) video conferencing platforms, and (b) qualitative data analysis software. This is balanced alongside scholarly debates about access friction (i.e., accommodations are not universal or stagnant) and the digital divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores two seminal films Akerman wrote and directed early in her career, Jeanne Dielman, 23 quai du Commerce, 1080 Bruxelles (1975) and Les Rendez-vous d’Anna (Meetings with Anna) (1978), in the context of her later autobiographical writings, Une famille à Bruxelles (1998) and Ma mère rit (2013) (My Mother Laughs). While scripted many years earlier, the two films address themes later developed in Ma mère rit and Une famille à Bruxelles, notably Akerman’s intense relationship with her mother and the trauma of the Shoah. The article outlines the key elements of the two films and autobiographical works and then explores a number of shared themes between the films and autobiographical writings. Firstly, it analyses the two films in the context of Ivonne Margulies’ identification of “hindered communication” as a key feature in both films. It next develops an analysis of the privileged role Akerman attributes to communication within the family. The traumatic and pervasive influence of the Shoa in Akerman’s films and autobiographical works is then examined in the context of her mother’s history as a survivor of the camps. The article then contextualises Akerman’s use of the French language in the context of Deleuze and Guattari’s theory of a minor literature. Akerman’s treatment of the notion of home and her usage of Freudian themes - the oedipal complex, the incest taboo and mother-daughter ambivalence – is examined with examples from both Jeanne Dielman and Meetings with Anna. In conclusion, the value of a reading of Akerman’s autobiographical works, Une famille à Bruxelles (1998) and Ma mère rit, is highlighted as a means of furthering an understanding of Jeanne Dielman and Meetings with Anna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background National Health Service (NHS) guidance for acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) advocates self-care, encourages utilization of local pharmacies and recommends consulting general practitioners (GPs) primarily for the vulnerable or those with persistent symptoms. Coronavirus disease 2019 exerted substantial strain on the English NHS, affecting public access to primary care services. Methods For 3 years, public surveys assessed RTI incidences in the previous 12 months and associated health-seeking behaviours. Telephone surveys of 1676 respondents across England were conducted in March 2021 and 1663 respondents in March 2022. Findings were compared with a face-to-face baseline survey of 2022 respondents from March 2020. Key demographics were representative of the population. Results In 2021, the proportion of respondents who reported an RTI (51%) significantly declined from 2020 (70%, P < 0.05), then returned to pre-pandemic rates in 2022 (67%). Respondents reported more proactive symptom management in both 2021 and 2022 from 2020: there were greater reports of seeking over-the-counter treatments (55%, 55% vs. 35%, P < 0.05) and use of alternative remedies (38%, 38% vs. 21%, P < 0.05). 2022 observed a reduction in those who reported consulting their GP for their most recent RTI (15%) compared to 2021 (25%, P < 0.05) and 2020 (23%), which was not accounted for through greater consultation rates with other healthcare services. Conclusions Public health bodies should consider how pandemic-related changes may have facilitated increased self-care for self-limiting infections such as RTIs. Resources and support must include safety-netting advice to safeguard against unintentional consequences of increased self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This abridged version of the Arabic original provides a comprehensive exploration of Shaykh Khalil al-Khalidi's life (1863/4-1941). Originating from a prestigious Jerusalem family, the narrative delves into his formative years, education at al-Aqsa, and extensive studies in Istanbul. The study examines his academic pursuits, including training in Hanafi jurisprudence and interactions with influential scholars. It further elucidates his diverse appointments in the Ottoman judiciary, detailing his travels to Tunisia, Morocco, and Egypt. The inclusion of figures like Jamal al-Din al-Afghani adds depth to his intellectual journey. The narrative encompasses Shaykh Khalil's challenging period of unemployment, subsequent appointments, and notable roles in the Ottoman judiciary, concluding with his affiliation with the Committee of Union and Progress. Illustrations, including his ijaza and certification documents, enrich the historical narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic provides a naturalistic test of whether pandemic-related disruptions weaken habits and undermine behavior stability. We hypothesized that better capacity to effortfully guide behavior (self-regulation) would buffer this effect and be associated with behavior stability and development of new habits to accomplish daily behaviors. A cross-sectional study of 416 MTurk workers recruited in April 2020 (M age = 34.60, SD = 11.51) indicated that pandemic-related disruptions generally exceeded people's capacity to effortfully modify their behavior. Self-regulation related to the development of new habits and to lower likelihood that work productivity decreased. Self-regulation also protected against the effect of disruption on the likelihood that substance use increased. Besides these associations, self-regulation was largely unrelated to health-related behaviors and, in some instances, associated with poorer outcomes. These findings underscore the need to appreciate the impact of contextual disruptions in interpreting and promoting change in health-related behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This national study investigates the spatial patterns and correlates of housing evictions in the U.S., a critical crisis of local and national significance. A national data set on county-level eviction rates was obtained from Princeton University's Eviction Lab database, and the data on risk factors of eviction were acquired from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). First, we examined disparate patterns of evictions across U.S. counties, followed by a hot spot analysis to determine clusters of counties with significantly high or low values of eviction rates. The analysis concluded with multiple regression to investigate the associations of eviction rates and 15 CDC SVI indicators. Evictions are most prevalent in populous urban or metropolitan counties; however, eviction rates can be higher in less-populous suburban counties even nonmetropolitan communities. Clusters of counties with significantly high eviction rates (i.e., hot spots) were mainly concentrated in lower Michigan-upper Indiana and the along the east coast that spanned Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The spatial regression model explained a moderate degree of the variations of eviction rates and social vulnerability indicators including income, minority population, single-parent, unemployment rate, apartment living, and low education status were most helpful predictors of eviction. This national study can inform government resource allocation efforts where it provides new insights into the spatial disparities and potential contributing factors of eviction rates across U.S. counties, thus enhancing our understanding of the eviction crisis nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lepidoptera is one of the most species-rich animal groups, with substantial karyotype variations among species due to chromosomal rearrangements. Knowledge of the evolutionary patterns of lepidopteran chromosomes still needs to be improved. Results: Here, we used chromosome-level genome assemblies of 185 lepidopteran insects to reconstruct an ancestral reference genome and proposed a new chromosome nomenclature. Thus, we renamed over 5000 extant chromosomes with this system, revealing the historical events of chromosomal rearrangements and their features. Additionally, our findings indicate that, compared with autosomes, the Z chromosome in Lepidoptera underwent a fast loss of conserved genes, rapid acquisition of lineage-specific genes, and a low rate of gene duplication. Moreover, we presented evidence that all available 67 W chromosomes originated from a common ancestor chromosome, with four neo-W chromosomes identified, including one generated by fusion with an autosome and three derived through horizontal gene transfer. We also detected nearly 4000 inter-chromosomal gene movement events. Notably, Geminin is transferred from the autosome to the Z chromosome. When located on the autosome, Geminin shows female-biased expression, but on the Z chromosome, it exhibits male-biased expression. This contributes to the sexual dimorphism of body size in silkworms. Conclusions: Our study sheds light on the complex evolutionary history of lepidopteran chromosomes based on ancestral chromosome reconstruction and novel chromosome nomenclature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of developing students' reading skills has been extensively discussed in the scientific literature. The statements are diverse—from the conviction that Bulgarian students do not read enough or do not have sufficiently developed skills, to the opposite opinion that reading has not been ignored, but the approach, patterns, and ways in which it is carried out have changed. The article presents data from a qualitative study on five group interviews, with six students participating in each. The data obtained are heterogeneous. Factors such as family environment, type of school, family reading practices have a significant impact on students' attitudes towards reading and their reading practices. Differences are observed in terms of students' motivation to read and educate themselves, in terms of the type of school, in attitudes towards reading. The data show that students do not prefer fiction, but choose short texts with more visual content associated with easy to perceive and process information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farm data license agreements are legal documents that play an important role in informing farmers about farm data processing practices such as collection, use, safeguarding, and sharing. These legal documents govern the exchange, access, and dissemination of farm data and are expected to provide legal protection against misuse of data. Despite their significant influence on farm data processing and governance, there is limited understanding of the content of farm data license agreements and standards for drafting them. Although online privacy policy content has been extensively studied, farm data agreements' evaluation and analysis have been overlooked. This study aims to investigate the structure, content, and transparency of farm data licenses. We collected 141 agricultural terms of use agreements and used natural language processing methods such as keyword and keyphrase analysis to perform text feature analysis, Flesch Readability Ease Score and Flesch Grade Level readability analysis, transparency analysis, and content analysis to gain insight into common data practices adopted by the agriculture technology providers. We also manually reviewed these agreements to validate the results and strengthen the observations. The findings show that data agreements are long, complex, and difficult to read and comprehend. The results suggest that 95% of the agreements fall under the difficult-to-read category and close to 75% of the policies require university-level education to understand the content. Furthermore, it is noted that some of the data management practices are not given adequate attention and are not as frequently mentioned in the agreements as expected. Finally, our analysis enabled us to provide recommendations on the content of farm data license agreements and strategies to improve them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dionysus' unexpected decision at the end of the play is generally thought to reflect the notion that poets such as Aeschylus and Euripides had practical moral advice to offer their audiences and to promote an "Aeschylean" over a "Euripidean" approach to life. I argue, however, that this ending offers a combination of aesthetic insight and intertextual playfulness that ultimately relieves the Aristophanic Aeschylus and Euripides of the moralizing burden they have had to shoulder for so long. My reasons for suggesting this arise from consideration of the relationship between Frogs and another literary text that featured a high-profile poetic contest, namely, the Contest of Homer and Hesiod. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]