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International audience; In France, the specific term filière has gradually become accepted as the customary notion encompassing both the actors of the forestry sector and their activities, from forest operations to timber processing and manufacturing of final products. In a context of market globalization and readjustment of public policies, this approach is now questioned by the emergence of new forms of territorial development and governance. The article proposes to reconsider the generic definition of the forestry value-chain, by including social and spatial dimensions into the analysis. Using two case-studies located in north-eastern France – (1) the growing interest for locally based value-creation through product certification and (2) the shift from auction mechanism to supply contracts in timber sales from public forests – we show that territorial features have now become of strategic concern for private and public stakeholders. Besides, we highlight that seemingly contradictory types of logic (territorial versus sectoral) may also raise tensions in an already fragmented sector.; En France, la notion de filière forêt-bois s’est progressivement imposée pour désigner l’ensemble des acteurs et des activités d’exploitation forestière et de transformation du bois. Dans un contexte de mondialisation des marchés et de réorganisation politique, cette catégorie d’analyse monolithique semble remise en question à travers l’émergence de formes de développement et de gouvernance territorialisées. En interrogeant le concept de filière appliqué à la forêt et au bois, nous cherchons à mettre en évidence le caractère construit et multiscalaire de cette dernière. À travers deux cas d’étude pris dans le nord-est de la France – la multiplication des initiatives de valorisation des bois locaux et la contractualisation des ventes de bois en forêt publique – nous montrerons que le territoire est devenu un enjeu stratégique mais aussi que la coexistence de différentes visions des rapports filière-territoire peut être génératrice de tensions dans un secteur déjà fragmenté.

Local resources of gminas from the region of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains are predominantly based on tradition and folk culture as well as the wealth of cultural and environmental values. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate available local resources of the region of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, which boost creation and innovation of development of tourism. It was based on statistical data for the period of 2010–2014 obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office of Poland, directory of local resources from the Catalogue of Local Resources of the region of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The first part presents theoretical background, introduces terminology and describes the area of the study. The second part presents results of evaluation of local resources and tourism. Zasoby lokalne gmin regionu Gór Świętokrzyskich, oparte są w większości na tradycji i kulturze ludowej oraz bogactwie walorów przyrodniczych i kulturowych. Celem analizy była ocena stanu zasobów lokalnych regionu Gór Świętokrzyskich, których wykorzystanie pobudza procesy kreowania i innowacyjności w rozwoju turystyki. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane statystyczne pozyskane z BDL GUS za lata 2010–2014, spis stanu zasobów lokalnych zawarty w Katalogu zasobów lokalnych regionu Gór Świętokrzyskich. W pierwszej części pracy omówiono zagadnienia teoretyczne, związane z terminologią uwzględnioną w badaniu oraz dokonano charakterystyki obszaru badań. W drugiej zaprezentowano wyniki badań oceny zasobów lokalnych i ruchu turystycznego.

One of the most important aspect of selecting the proper natural pozzolanic material as admixture of Portland cement in concrete or mortars is the chemical reactivity and mineralogical content. If the chemical reactivity index and quartz content are high the pozzolans can substitute the cement from the binder groundmass in a greater proportion. The paper present mineralogical, petrographical, chemical and mechanical properties of few natural pozzolans (tuffs and perlite) in order to determine if they are proper for usage in cement industry manufacturing.

As a field of culture, the family enterprise shows that in the current European societies the economic operation does not proceed only from a purely rational point of view and that notwithstanding the common speaking of globalization, the local may be a prerequisite for successful economic development. My objective has been to show, proceeding from an example from a small Bulgarian town, that the family enterprise is a field of culture in which the observed phenomena are strongly influenced by the social inclusion of the enterprise and by its tie-up with the context of the urban environment. I shall investigate in what way local social and cultural resources are intensively used in the process of setting up and functioning of a family enterprise from the sphere of hoteldom and tourism in the town of Belogradchik. I intend to study whether these resources are conducive to the economic prosperity of the firm. Another research objective is to establish the manner of identification of the enterprise with the town, with the region and the local culture by way of the services provided (tourist and restaurant). I shall look for an answer to the question of how the enterprise’ working realm fits in the concrete cultural, historical and social context of the town.

На современном этапе теоретические и практические вопросы развития сель­ских территорий становятся одной из актуальных задач, требующих решения. Поэто­му для определения дальнейшего тренда поступательного развития сельских территорий, разработки эффективных программных документов представляется целесообразным теоретическое и эмпирическое осмысление, методическое обоснование перехода сельских территорий на траекторию устойчивого развития. Кроме того, изучение зарубежного опыта позво­ляет определить используемые эффективные методологические подходы к комплексному развитию сельских территорий, адаптация которых с учетом особенностей местных условий способствует модернизации социально-экономиче­ского облика данных территорий. В странах ЕС решение вопросов развития сельских территорий осуществляется в рамках национальной стратегии и различных программ. Основными приоритетными направ­лениями политики развития сельских регионов стран ЕС являются повышение конкурентоспособности с акцентом на развитие человеческого капитала, принятие мер по улучшению состояния окружающей среды, первоочередная финансовая поддержка тех проектов, инициатива по которым исходит от представителей местного самоуправления. Анализ развития сельской местности ЕС позволяет выделить важный вектор, направленный на обеспечение устойчивого улучшения экономического и социального положения всех страт сельского общества посредством эффективного использования внутренних ресурсов сельских территорий. Также большое внимание отводится защите природных ресурсов и ландшафтов данных территорий. Опыт стран ЕС по развитию сельских территорий изучается в Республике Казахстан и с учетом местных особенностей применяется в практике государственного управления развитием сельских территорий., At the present stage, theoretical and practical issues of the development of rural territories are becoming one of the actual tasks that need to be solved. Therefore, for determination of the further trend of the progressive development of rural territories, development of effective policy documents, it seems appropriate the theoretical and empirical comprehension, the methodological justification of the transition of rural territories to the trajectory of sustainable development. Besides, the research of foreign experience allows determining the effective methodological approaches to the complex development of rural territories, the adaptation of which, taking into account the features of local conditions, contributes to the modernization of the socio-economic appearance of these territories. In the EU countries, the development of rural territories is solved through the national strategy and various programs. The main priority directions of the development policy of rural regions of the EU countries are to increase competitiveness with an emphasis on the development of human capital, take measures for improvement of the environment’s state, priority financial support of those projects initiated by representatives of local self-government. Analysis of the development of rural territories of the EU makes it possible to identify the important vector aimed at provision of sustainable improvement of the economic and social situation of all strata of rural society through the effective use of internal resources of rural territories. Also great attention is given to the protection of natural resources and landscapes of these territories. The experience of the EU countries on the development of rural territories is being studied in the Republic of Kazakhstan and, taking into account local features, is used in the practice of state management of rural territories’ development., №2(58) (2017)

In regional economy, creation of a system for development of small enterprises and lifestyle businesses is one of the strategies to promote entrepreneurship and targeted use of the local economic resources thus reducing the burden on public and local budgets. Lifestyle businesses are mainly established and maintained with the aim of providing a certain level of income, performing additional activities or developing the owner's hobby, and effectively using the local resources. The aim of the research is to explore the theoretical foundations of lifestyle businesses and potential for their creation and development, using lifestyle businesses of Rezekne municipality as a case. The following tasks were set for achieving the aim: to provide theoretical rationale for lifestyle businesses; to identify lifestyle businesses in Rezekne municipality; to study and analyse the motivation of lifestyle business owners to establish and develop business in Rezekne municipality.

Sustainable building materials are of top quality from technical point of view, with a long lifetime and a low cost of maintenance and exploitation. To ensure the sustainability of a building one of the essential condition is to use local materials with reduced embodied energy, low cost and good appearance. In case of new buildings masonry works can be durable and sustainable in the same time if all the materials (units and mortars) used to realise them have the similar characteristics (mineralogical composition, texture, structure, physical and mechanical properties). The study was performed considering tuffs as masonry units, mortar based on these tuffs (both in substitution of cement and sand), and classical mortar as joining together in order to realise a homogeneous structure.

Zeolitic volcanic tuffs are important local reserve, which can be exploited in building materials industry both as rocks and the preparation of mortar for masonry, lightweight concrete or autoclaved aerated concrete. This study presents the results of the tests performed on different mortar recipes that are based on zeolitic volcanic tuff (from Macicas quarry situated in the north-western part of Cluj-Napoca area) used as a substitute for cement or aggregate. The aim of the study is to obtain new building materialmade from local resources that can be used to realize new masonry works and to rehabilitate the old ones.

After adopting political centralization as a form of political and administrativeorganization, Angola and Mozambique made up on decentralization reforms as a largeprocess of administrative reform.This choice for decentralization reforms would be warranted, according to theprevailing discourse, mainly by political actors, by its capacity to address certainpolitical, social, economic and administrative problems that can be found in these twocountries.However, the synchronism between this discourse and the legal consecration ofdecentralization in these countries remains far from being a reality.Thus, this study analyzes the legal consecration of decentralization, taking into accountthe discourse of decentralization prevailing in both countries., Après avoir adopté la centralisation comme mode d´organisation politique etadministrative, l´Angola et le Mozambique ont décidé d’emprunter la voie de ladécentralisation.Cette option pour la décentralisation se justifierait, selon le discours porté,principalement, par les acteurs politiques, par sa capacité à répondre à des enjeuxpolitiques, sociaux, économiques et administratifs qui on trouve dans ces deux pays.Cependant, le synchronisme entre ce discours et la consécration juridique de ladécentralisation dans ces pays reste loin d´être une réalité.Ainsi, la présente étude analyse la consécration juridique de la décentralisation,compte tenu du discours sur la décentralisation tenu dans ces deux pays.

International audience; ‘Peri-urban’ areas are often considered as places where mobility constraints are particularly difficult for inhabitants, owing to the low density and dispersal of resources such as employment, retail structure or services. However, over the last ten years this negative image of ‘periurban’mobilities has been called into question : far from being characterized by sparse and distant resources, ‘periurban’areas tend to be more and more structured by local territories, and formed by proximity. Using a series of interviews with 100 inhabitants in the North of the Parisian Metropolis (Senlis, Méru, and Écouen-Ézanville), this paper explores the relationship between the inhabitants and their place of living, by linking rather than opposing the notions of mobility and local attachment, which differ according to social position, individual characteristics, spatial contexts and place attachment, valued by all the residents interviewed, whatever their social category.; Les espaces périurbains sont souvent considérés comme des lieux où les contraintes de la mobilité s’exercent de manière particulièrement forte sur les habitants, imposées par la faible densité de ces territoires et la dispersion des ressources telles que les lieux d’emploi, les services et commerces ou encore les équipements. Cependant, depuis une dizaine d’années, cette image largement dépréciative des mobilités périurbaines est remise en cause : loin d’être caractérisé par une dispersion généralisée, le périurbain apparaît comme structuré par des pôles d’activités et de ressources, qui organisent les pratiques spatiales et sociales des habitants dans des espaces de proximité. À partir de l’analyse qualitative et quantitative d’entretiens menés en 2013 auprès d’une centaine d’habitants de trois secteurs situés au nord de la métropole parisienne (autour d’Écouen-Ézanville, Méru et Senlis), cet article s’attache à décrire les rapports que les habitants du périurbain entretiennent avec leurs territoires en articulant plutôt qu’en opposant les notions de mobilité et d’ancrage. Si les pratiques de mobilité des habitants et leurs espaces de vie sont fortement structurés par leur position sociale, l’ancrage local apparaît comme un élément valorisé par l’ensemble des habitants interrogés, quelle que soit leur appartenance sociale.

Development of local chicken production based on local feed ingredient is in line with the vision of Indonesian goverment to fulfill meat and egg national requirement based on local resources. There are two big problem which become stumblingblock in developing local chicken production. The first problem is the difficulty to get day old chick of local chicken. This problem can be solved by integrating breeder institutions belong to goverment with research institution and with local chicken producer association. The second problem is the low performance of local chicken. To improve local chicken performance, it can be done by improving the breed, feed and management. Several research results show that good performance of local chicken were obtained by inclusion of local feed ingredients in the ration. Therefore, development of local chicken production based an local feed resources can be applied.

本稿では、経済のグローバリゼーションの進展のもと、大きく変容し、衰退しつつある農村地域のサステイナビリティ研究のありかたについて、筆者の日本およびバングラデシュの農村を主なベースとし、検討した。農村地域の暮らしの原型としての、自然条件および人々の働きかけのもと培われた地域固有の資源を生かした暮らしの成り立ち、その変容と要因、グローバル化が地域社会にもたらす影響についてみてみると、農業や土地制度の“近代化”という政策的な転換に後押しされ、農業および資源利用の様式が大きく変容し、経済のグローバリゼーションのもと、消費社会化が著しく浸透した。人々は地域で培われた在地の知恵に価値を見出さなくなり、農村地域からの人口の流出、コミュニティ機能の衰退、地域資源の過剰かつ偏った利用がもたらす環境破壊問題等の負の変化をもたらした。その一方で、抑圧的な地域社会構造が緩んだために生き方の選択肢が増加する（とくに被抑圧的な社会階層で）などの正の変化ももたらしている。また、情報のグローバル化は、各地で孤立しがちな点的な存在を結びつけ、力づける役割も果たしている。このように経済のグローバリゼーションは、プラス、マイナス双方の側面で農村地域社会および農村−都市関係に圧倒的な影響を与えているが、それに対し、地域社会はどのようにして、交渉力、自立的な対抗力（「サステイナビリティ力」）をもてるのか、農村地域で生活が成り立つとは、一体どのようなことを指すのか、そのために求められる要件について、最後に検討している。, This article scrutinized how the study on sustainability of rural society should be designed under such circumstances that rural societies are drastically changing and declining under the progress of economic globalization.Considering the principle mode of production in rural life based on full utilization of local resources formulated by nature and human interaction for generations, its change and the reason, “modernization” strongly promoted by governments changed the mode of production and resource utilization, and shift to consuming society has been spurred by economic globalization. Negative effects such as lowered value of local wisdom unique to the locality, decrease in rural population, decline of community management, environmental damage by excessive and skewed use of resources was caused, but on the other hand, some positive changes are observed such like the increase of the alternative ways of life for depressed people under oppressive society. In addition, the globalization of communication promoted the coalition of individuals who used to be lonely stragglers in the locality.Lastly, under such overwhelming influences by globalization on rural society, the prerequisites for rural society to be able to gain bargaining power, to maintain autonomous and unique livelihood in rural areas was examined.

近年、自律的観光や着地型観光といった｢地域主導型観光｣が地域づくりのツールとして期待されているが、それがどのように地域づくりに貢献できるかについては具体的に明らかにされていない。例えば財政再建中の北海道夕張市も、自治体主導で観光開発を進めてきたという点では、｢地域主導型観光｣といえる。そこで本研究では、夕張市の地域運営や観光開発の経緯を整理した上で、地域主導型観光の視点から、夕張市の観光政策の評価を試みた。その結果、夕張市の観光政策は(1)観光を通じて得られた利益が地域資源の価値向上のために再投資されなかった、(2)地域外関係者が観光開発を主導し、地域住民の主体性が形成されなかったことが明らかになった。その上で、地域コミュニティの活性化に向けた地域主導型観光の役割を考察し、地域資源の活用や地域外関係者のかかわりが有用であることを示すとともに、夕張市の地域再生に向けて、地域コミュニティの主体性や地域外関係者のかかわり方を示すビジョンが必要であることを指摘した。, Recently, "community-based tourism" has gained much attention as a tool of regional rejuvenation. However, it is few cleared concretely how community-based tourism can bring the effects of regional rejuvenation. The tourism policy in Yubari city is often regarded as one example of "community-based tourism." This study reviews its process and points out the following problems: (1) benefits from tourism activities were not reinvested to enhance the value of local resources, and (2) resident's initiatives were not formulated since tourism management was promoted by outsiders. Then, the author describes that the utilization of local resources and establishment of stakeholders' relationship are important for revitalization of Yubari's community. Finally, this paper emphasizes that the necessity of drafting vision to manage regional rejuvenation in Yubari city.

本研究は、知的障害者を中心として独自の歩みを続けている小規模作業所「あさひのあたる家」について、その設立に至るまでの背景と実際の活動を分析し、制度的、財政的なバックアップの少ない作業所が、どのようにして立ち上がり、維持、運営されているのかというひとつの道標を提示する試みを行った。その結果、作業所設立の動機づけとして、【保護者の願い】【卒業生の行き場のなさ】【解雇・リストラの対応】【中継地点】【会社側のプレッシャー】【ヒューマニズム】【先導者の存在】が明らかとなった。ここで提示した結果が、今後、新しく作業所などを立ち上げようとする関係者にとってのひとつの資料になればと考える。今後も、継続したフィールドワークの中から、作業所の維持・運営に必要な取り組みと新たな作業内容、人的・物的支援体制や市場開拓の検討を行っていきたい。, The establishment and activities of a small workplace named Asahi no ataru ie, a unique home intended mainly for intellectual disabilities people, which was built with little infrastructural or economic support was analyzed. The results indicated that motives for establishing the workplace were "parents desire", "school graduates needed a place to go to," "coping with discharge or retrenchment," "a transit point," "pressure from the company," "humanism," and "the existence of a leader". It is suggested that these findings provide helpful hints for establishing similar workplaces. Continuous field investigations in the future would be focused on the management and the upkeep of the workplace, the need for support systems and market development of the project.

Pojam postugljični razvoj gradova u sebi ujedinjuje brigu o okolišu, urbanom i gospodarskom razvoju grada te jačanje lokalne zajednice. U radu su opisani projekti ZagEE, EURONET 50/50 Max, POCACITO u kojima Zagreb sudjeluje kao grad partner. Iskustva ostalih gradova i suradnja s partnerima olakšava prelazak Zagreba u postugljični grad. U Zagrebu su aktivne mnoge građanske udruge i inicijative koje kroz male akcije postižu značajne rezultate. Grad Zagreb u bližoj budućnosti mora početi s razvojem planova za razdoblje do 2050. godine. Kao najznačajniji projekt u viziji Zagreba 2050. godine dan je pregled projekta „Zagreb na Savi.“ The term Post Carbon city unites the care for the environment, urban and economic development of the city and strengthens local communities. Projects described in this article are: ZagEE, EURONET 50/50 Max, POCACITO. Experiences gathered from other cities and cooperation with partners make it easier for Zagreb to become a post carbon city. Civil organizations are active trough small actions but big results are achieved. In the future the city of Zagreb has to start working on the development plans for the upcoming period to 2050. The most important project in the vision of Zagreb 2050. is "Zagreb na Savi."

Background Community engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. Community engagement in malaria elimination (ME) on Aneityum Island has been sustained since its introduction in the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population has led to a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for the innovative community actions and capacity development efforts taken to realize and sustain meaningful changes in well-being. This study used the HET framework to investigate participant perceptions of ME efforts on the island focusing on two HET elements, personal and social-contextual resources. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of empowerment as a critical element of community engagement. Methods Six focus group discussions, ten key informant interviews and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2012 on Aneityum. Both deductive and inductive approaches to qualitative content analysis were used to identify themes, which were condensed, coded and classified based on the HET elements above. Results Awareness and use of personal and social-contextual resources played an important role in ME efforts. Most participants shared their knowledge to prevent malaria reintroduction. Many participants reported their skills needed for behavioral maintenance, problem-solving or leadership. Participants who perceived a threat took preventive actions even in the dry season. Community leaders focused on second generation capacity development. A local health coalition provided ME services. Members of networks were sources of information and assistance. Face-to-face was the preferred method of communication. Barriers to engagement (e.g., financial difficulties, health literacy issues and underdeveloped infrastructure) were minimized through active collaboration and mutual assistance. Conclusions In the community engagement continuum, health empowerment develops incrementally overtime as people gain their knowledge and skills, form coalitions and develop collaborative networks (social capital) to make decisions and take action for change. Community engagement, which facilitates local personal and social-contextual resource development, has potential for ME and multilevel empowerment through community-based capacity development processes. These self-empowered communities have written and will continue to write a ‘prescription’ for sustaining high levels of engagement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0779-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Master's thesis in Risk management and societal safety In recent years the concept of protracted crises has emerged. Countries in protracted crises are characterized by long-term crises conditions and leak the developmental and sustainable movement to get out of the crises. Haiti is one of these country who is additionally deeply dependent on foreign aid. To be able to develop, capacity building has become more relevant when NGOs enter humanitarian crises. Capacity building is the strengthening and empowering of people in crises through long-term effective programs and projects that will not harm the society in crises, but rather contribute to a sustainable development. By increasing peoples knowledge on topics like politics, human rights, gender issues and health, for example, as well as giving them the possibility to evolve, local communities can become strengthened and more self-aware. This process might trigger a long-term movement that can get a country out of a crisis. This thesis is an explorative study into the everyday practices of the women’s network Manman Troll at Project Haiti in Port au Prince, Haiti. The research is based on fieldwork in Haiti in March 2015. Empirical data has been gathered from the participants of the women’s network Manman Troll. The study intends to address the research problem: How international NGOs can support the strengthening of local capacities in a protracted crisis. Capacity building as the ends to trigger developmental change in humanitarian long-term crises has been used as a tool to measure the effects of Manman Troll on the participants’ lives. The degree of participation in the projects program, as well as learning opportunities, empowerment and sustainable development has been key elements throughout the thesis. Key findings from the research suggest that a stepwise approach towards building capacities in crises seems to have long-term sustainable effects on the programs participants. This also results in effects for the society in Haiti due to increased and shared knowledge about topics like human rights, gender-based violence, politics and health related issues. Furthermore, an NGO with roots in the Haitian society seems to meet the requirements to implement projects by being sensitive to societal problems like one could find in protracted crisis Haiti.

The objectives of this research were to determine efect of material and fermentation time on qualityand digestibility of fermented complete feed, average daily gain (ADG) of Bligon goats and farmer’sincome. The research was conducted during twelve weeks in the housing of goat farmers atPurwomanunggal farmers’ group, Panggang, Gunung Kidul district. Fifteen Bligon male goats, 8 monthsof age and 12 to 15 kg of body weight, were randomly divided into three treatments, each groupsconsisted of five goats. The treatments were: control feed (R0 ), one week fermented complete feed (R1),and two weeks fermented complete feed (R2). Data were analyzed with ANOVA based on one waycompletely randomized design and continued with Duncan's multiple range tests for significantdifferences. Result showed that complete feed fermented for two weeks had darker color and strongerodors compared with one week fermentation. Both fermented complete feed (one and two weeks) hadsoft textures, no fungi with pH ranged from 4.5 to 5.0. Total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake wassignificantly affected by the treatment. The treatment had no significant effect on acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) digestibility, average daily gain, and farmer’s income.

To construct the land-use model by continuous conservation and utilization of suburban farm and woodlands, local resource management scheme was discussed and potential natural resources supply was estimated in the Matono District, Shingu Town, Fukuoka Prefecture. Based on land use change analysis and results of investigation on current state of the farmlands and forests, resource management scheme was developed taking account of its public benefit and present condition of management practices. By minimum required conservation and utilization of the farmlands and forests based on the plan, foods and thermal energy consumption at the Matono District was calculated as possibly supplied. This result will be considered as an allowable population in the sight of that priority was given to achievability of management or the recovery effect of a public benefit are considered. Furthermore, it was suggested that application of this land use model based on conservation priority which takes account of minimizing management labor force would improve the public benefit of "Satochi-Satoyama" and possibly develop a partnership with urban area., Article, ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌. 68(5):545-550 (2005)

To clarify the transition of land-use and the productive potentiality of suburban farmland and woodland, the research was conducted by field survey, aerial photo analysis and questionnaire, in Shingu Town, Fukuoka. The results in the town level are as follows: (1) Due to the urbanization, the farmland area significantly reduced by around 60%, since 1947. (2) Although the woodland once decreased by 70%, caused by reclaiming into citrus orchard, after their abandonment due to defeated by cheap imported orange, the woodland area recovered by 90%. (3) The potential rate of regional self-supply of food and biomass energy for home use has been falling. Because, from the amount of needs every home level and the town population in the present time, it is considered to way out of the suitable capacity based on the local production. The results viewed as rural community were as follows: (1) It has been keeping enough potential regional self-supply. And this excess production of food and biomass energy can be supplied with the urban district. (2) Debasing of local resource and labor shortage had grown into a serious problem. In conclusion, it is necessary to fulfill both avoid additional development of natural environment by existing urban district renewal and the utilization of farmland and forest as common assets should be done using organic cooperation with urban district and the rural community towards sustainable society., Article, ランドスケープ研究 : 日本造園学会誌. 67(5):827-832 (2004)

本研究は,秋田県における知的障害をもつ人たちの「地域生活を支援するネットワーク」の在り方を考えることを目的とした.この検討のため,養護学校進路指導の視点から地域ネットワークの全国的動向を踏まえ,秋田県の地域資源を見直した.結果から,秋田県は各エリア毎の人口や地域資源に大きな格差があることを認め,また各エリアに共通して不足する地域資源を指摘した.そして「地域生活支援への移行とその支援の構図」を示すとともに,各地域資源の開発とともに地域エリアでのネットワークづくりへ取り組んでいくことの必要性を提起した., The purpose of the present paper is to illustrate a network system that is intended to support people with intellectual disabilities lead a life less difficult in their local areas. In so doing, the quality and quantity of local resources of Akita prefecture are examined in comparison with other prefectures, to provide information for the teachers teaching at schools for students with intellectual disabilities. The results indicate that quantity and quality of resources vary greatly in different areas in Akita prefecture, though there is a common type of resources that are lacking in all areas. Based on the findings, a framework is provided of an ideal type of local-life support system. Meanwhile, a stress is placed on the importance of making a concerted effort by all the people involved to develop local resources as well as to establish a network system in each area.

A megújuló energiaforrások hasznosításának elterjesztését elsősorban energiapolitikai és klímavédelmi célkitűzések motiválják, az utóbbi években azonban egyre nagyobb hangsúlyt kapott az új beruházások helyi gazdaságfejlesztési jelentősége is. A megújuló energiaforrások területileg decentralizáltan helyezkednek el, ami különösen érvényes azokra az erőforrásokra, amelyeket csak az utóbbi évtizedek technikai fejlődése tett kiaknázhatóvá. Az alacsony népsűrűségű vidéki térségek ezért sok esetben a beruházások kiemelt célpontjai lehetnek. A lakosság környezettudatosságának növekedésével jelentősen nőtt azoknak a száma, akik befektetési lehetőségként is felkeltette az érdeklődését ez az ágazat. Az Európai Unió és annak tagországai szintjén felvállalt célkitűzések megvalósításában szerepet kell vállalnia a helyi közösségeknek is, akik természetesen a közösségi támogatáspolitika kínálta lehetőségek kiaknázásában is érdekeltek, ugyanakkor a korábbi évtizedekben nem játszottak szerepet az energetikai ágazatban. A megújuló energetikai beruházások tehát komoly lehetőséget jelentenek a terület- és vidékfejlesztés számára, ugyanakkor számos kihívással is szembe kell nézniük annak érdekében, hogy e beruházások az egyes térségekben a legnagyobb pozitív hatást érjék el. Az erőforrások optimális hasznosítását, a megfelelő szakértelem elérhetőségét, a projektek összehangoltságát ezért megújuló energia régiók segítik több országban is. Közöttük szimbolikussá váltak azok a régiók, akik igyekeznek a teljes szükségletüknek megfelelő energiamennyiséget a térségen belül megújuló energiaforrásból előállítani. Kutatásunk célja az volt, hogy megvizsgáljuk, hogy a lokális és regionális közösségek milyen utakon igyekeznek növelni energia függetlenségüket. Azokban az országokban, ahol pedig intézményesültek a megújuló energia régiók, ott milyen feltételeket támasztanak a cím elnyeréséhez. ------------------------------------------------------ The spread of utilization of renewable energy resources is primarily motivated by objectives of energy policy and climate protection. However the local economic development significance of the new investments had got a greater significance in the past years. The territorial situation of renewable energy resources is decentralised. This statement is particularly valid in the case of resources, which are unused and underutilized until now. The rural regions characterized by low population density therefore these can be in many cases the advantaged target of investments. The growing environmental consciousness of the population is sparked the interest towards investments possibilities in sector of renewable energy resources. The local communities are interested in utilization of opportunities offered by the community subsidy policy and have a great significance n realization of objectives charged at European Union or national level. However these local actors didn’t play role in energy sector in the previous decades. The investments in renewable energy resources have a serious potential for the regional and rural development. At the same time these possibilities are raising numerous new challenges in favour of greatest positive effects of the investments in rural regions. The optimal utilization of resources, the access of appropriate professional skills and the coordination of the projects are supported by renewable energy resources regions in several countries. Among these “RER regions” the regions which are trying the total energy demand secure by renewable energy resources have got a symbolic role. The aim of our research was to examine the methods applied by local and regional communities in the interest of increasing energy independence. In those countries where institutionalized renewable energy regions exist we studied the conditions which are expected to obtain the renewable energy region title.

El capítulo analiza el Plan de Actuación Global que se llevó a cabo en la Comarca del Mármol (Almería), entre 1983 y 1992, que fue determinante para transformar el sector del mármol y hacerlo competitivo a nivel mundial.The chapter discusses the Action Plan that was held in the district of Marble (Almería), between 1983 and 1992, in order to transform the marble industry and make it globally competitive.

Competitiveness of municipalities is a significant factor for their future development. Financing projects that concern the development of local potential for improving their competitiveness attract experts’ attention to effective use of local resources, involvement of population and business, as well as the innovative approaches in managing the municipalities. Highly technological marketing in the public sphere therefore, needs to be viewed as a tool aimed not only at communication and realization of municipal services for population and business, but also as an opportunity for generating ideas, stating consumer interest in coming projects, registering volunteering and implementing donation. Local potential is a dynamic multidimensional category which presupposes disaggregating and further development in various sections. The priorities of municipalities, their comparative advantages, available resources and the support from citizens and businesses are an important landmark in developing local potential. Municipal projects have to be publicly announced in order to receive the support of the population and business. The comparative advantages on the territory of municipalities have to be used actively and developed with the aim at designing a unique identity for better market positioning. Available resources are subject to registering and respective use for achieving favorable direct and transfer socio-economic effect.

Protecting the environment really began to interest the international community in the seventies. The term "sustainable development" appeared for the first time in 1980. Since the late twentieth century, governments around the world as well as many non-governmental organizations, establish policies and actions in favour of sustainable development. Education for sustainable development (ESD) at school is to promote sustainable development since it prepares pupils to "acquire knowledge and methods needed to be in their environment" (Circular No. 2004-110 of 8-7-2004). It is integrated into the programs of National Education in the late seventies. Since then, three circulars of generalization of ESD have been published by the Department of Education in order to encourage and define ESD at school. The National Education encourages teachers to approach ESD based on pedagogy of project and developing partnerships with local actors. This research is based on qualitative and quantitative analysis of interviews led with eight pupils of a 5th year of primary school participating in a project of cycle on the theme of protecting the planet in connection with a local resource. The results show that due to this project, this pupils’ sample learned about the treatment of recyclable waste and the future of recycled materials. These results fail to show that this project has enabled pupils to develop responsible and citizen behaviors transferable in their daily lives or that it has developed their critical mind.; La protection de l’environnement a véritablement commencé à intéresser la communauté internationale dans les années soixante-dix. Le terme de « développement durable » est apparu pour la première fois en 1980. Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, les gouvernements du monde entier ainsi que de nombreuses organisations non gouvernementales établissent des politiques et des actions en faveur du développement durable. L’éducation au développement durable (EDD) à l’école agit en faveur du développement durable puisqu’elle prépare les élèves à « acquérir des connaissances et des méthodes nécessaires pour se situer dans leur environnement » (circulaire n°2004-110 du 8-7-2004). Elle est intégrée aux programmes de l’Éducation Nationale à la fin des années soixante-dix. Depuis, trois circulaires de généralisation de l’éducation au développement durable ont été publiées par le ministère de l’Éducation Nationale dans le but d’encourager et de définir l’EDD à l’école. L’Éducation Nationale incite les enseignants à aborder l’EDD en s’appuyant sur la pédagogie de projet et en développant des partenariats avec des acteurs locaux. Cette recherche est basée sur l’analyse qualitative et quantitative d’entretiens menés auprès de huit élèves d’une classe de CM2 participant à un projet de cycle sur le thème de la protection de la planète en lien avec une ressource locale. Les résultats montrent que suite à ce projet, cet échantillon d’élèves a acquis des connaissances sur le traitement des déchets recyclables et sur le devenir des matériaux recyclés. Ces résultats ne parviennent pas à montrer que ce projet a permis aux élèves de développer des comportements citoyens responsables transposables dans leur vie quotidienne ni qu’elle a développé leur esprit critique.

Siltumizolācijas materiāli, kuros par pildvielu tiktu izmantoti vietējie biomasas produkti, bet par saistvielu kalpotu dabiskas izcelsmes saistvielas, piemēram, sapropelis, uzskatāmi par inovatīviem un to pielietošana sekmētu ekoloģiskās būvniecības nozares attīstību. Šādu risinājumu izstrāde ir aktuāla, jo Latvijā ir ievērojami sapropeļa resursi, kuru izmantošanu kavē to nepietiekama izpēte un ekoloģiskās būvniecības nozares intensīva attīstība. Pētījuma mērķis ir iegūt sapropeļa-koksnes, kūdras-koksnes siltumizolācijas plāksnes, noteikt optimālās plātnes sastāva attiecības un raksturot iegūto plātņu īpašības. Veikto pētījumu rezultātā tika noteiktas siltumizolācijas materiālu paraugu mehāniskās, siltumvadītspējas un skaņas izolācijas īpašības un izvērtētas iespējas tos izmantot ekoloģiskajā būvniecībā, kā arī veikts salīdzinājums ar šobrīd tirgū esošajiem produktiem.

The purpose of this article was to explore the real problem of wasting local resources, which is in opposition to the principles of sustainable development, understood as avoiding waste of any resources. The article highlights the key manifestations of this problem and its implication for rural development. Some actions realised in the world are also mentioned – their implementation contributes to the prevention of this phenomenon.

This article stands in the context of rural communities in Brazil, where, like many others emerging countries, the overwhelming increasing markets and the overcrowded cities are leaving behind informal settlements based on obsolete agricultural economies and techniques. The pilot project for the community of Goiabeira reflects the attempt to imagine a development model that privileges the actual improvement of living conditions, the education and training, the social inclusion and participation of the dwellers of rural communities. Through the inclusion of operative public space, the aim is for them to become self-sustaining, encouraging the use of local resources for appropriate architectural, ecological and energy technologies and devices, that are efficient, affordable and foster community participation, in the respect of the surrounding environment., {"references":["","M. 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A magyar területfejlesztési gyakorlatban, az utóbbi évtizedekben az a megközelítés volt az uralkodó, hogy az egyes térségek hiányzó erőforrásait kívülről érkező befektetők letelepítésével kívánták megoldani. Ennek köszönhetően a vidéki térségek kisebb jelentőségű erőforrásait gyakran részlegesen, vagy egyáltalán nem is hasznosították. A 2000-es évektől Magyarországon is külső és belső erőforrások kiegyensúlyozott felhasználását helyezték előtérbe, miközben fokozott elvárásként fogalmazódott meg a fenntarthatóság és a helyi közösségek szerepe a döntéshozatalban. A helyi gazdaságfejlesztés a legtöbb esetben tradicionális megoldásokban gondolkodik, amelyeket azonban modern társadalmi-gazdasági környezetben kell megvalósítani. A helyi gazdaságfejlesztés számos eszközére találunk példát az ország területén, azonban ezek gyakran csak pontszerűen fordulnak elő, míg egyes megoldások kifejezetten divatossá váltak. Vizsgálatunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy a Gyöngyösi kistérség gazdaságfejlesztési gyakorlatában mennyire érvényesül ez a megközelítésmód, a helyi gazdaságfejlesztés mely eszközeinek alkalmazására találunk konkrét példákat. A mélyinterjú módszerével készült kutatás eredményei alapján kijelenthetjük, hogy a helyi gazdaságfejlesztés szemléletmódja egyre nagyobb teret nyer a Gyöngyösi kistérség területén is, azonban számos olyan eszköz van, ahol még csak tervekről, vagy induló projektekről beszélhetünk, több éves gyakorlati tapasztalatokról egyelőre nem. --------------------------------------------- In recent decades there was the dominant approach in the Hungarian regional development practice, that the missing resources of some regions was sought to solve by installing from outside investors. As a result of it, the marginal resources of the rural areas often were be recovered partially or not at all. From 2000’s in Hungary the balanced use of internal and external resources was come to the front, while the role of sustainability and local communities in decision-making was formulated as an increased expectations. Local economic development is a traditional solution in most cases, however, it should be achieved in modern social-economic environment. Many examples of the local economic development asstes can be found in Hungary, but they often occur only pointwise, and some solutions have become especially popular. In our study we examined to what extent this approach prevails the economic development practice in the micro region of Gyöngyös, which means of the local economic development application can be find specific examples. We can declare on the basis of the results of our interview research, that the approach of the local economic development grain ground more and more in the micro region of Gyöngyös as well, however, there are several tools, which are only plans or starting projects, we can’t talk about many years of practical experience yet.

National audience

More recent development discourse favour a mix of top-down and bottom-up approaches in development. In the discussion that has ensued, much focus has been on the rural and urban contexts of development; thus, leaving the peri-urban situation hardly attended to. The fast growing phenomenon of peri-urban development in developing countries and its associated challenges requires that development discourses recognise and take it into account. Current discussions on the supply of potable water in developing countries have largely focused on the rural and urban contexts and reveal a peri-urban gap. This research seeks to contribute to the intellectual discourse by providing insights on the discourse on peri-urban development. This research into the harnessing of local potentials for peri-urban water supply draws mainly on the concepts of endogenous development and uses the theory of institutional economics as a supporting theory. It is largely a qualitative research which uses the case study methodology involving two cases in its empirical component, although it incorporates some quantitative methods. The empirical research involved the use of a mix of data gathering methods: interviews, observation and questionnaires. The main findings of the study are firstly that the quality of the local human resource base from which the leadership of the entire development process is drawn is intrinsic and vital to the determination of the success of the development process with positive and negative potentials. Again, the existence of appropriate local institutions and the creation of an enabling local development environment as well as the presence of institutional interests that generally support the local development process are important. Nonetheless, there exists a seemingly complex and subtle power-play that supports or stifles the success of the water systems depending on who are involved in the system at a particular time. Other key revelations of the research relate to the potentials and the inherent weaknesses of the pluralist leadership system in supporting local development processes; and how in-country pilot projects which form the basis for the formulation of cross country institutional frameworks are not certain to yield successfully functioning frames because they still can be distant to local contexts and appreciation. The study suggests that there exist good prospects for the pursuit of endogenous development in the peri-urban context and concludes by providing suggestions relating to policy, practice and the conceptual underpinnings of the research. It recommends that pluralist leadership systems be made less susceptible to variations in actors? stance; through the formalization of verbal agreements especially in societies that are heavily dependent on oral communication. Notwithstanding the benefits of pilot projects, this study recommends that the local level is rather assisted to develop its own institutions through processes that may be guided by the outcomes of pilots. It suggests this as a means to achieving a favourable institutional environment in which local institutions can thrive. At conceptual level, the study also recommends that elements of individual decision-making be given more prominence in the endogenous development model.