Search

Megacity regions where human activities are intensive are key areas for CVD prevention and control in China. Optimizing land-use patterns has been widely recognized as an important public health intervention. Ecological space, agricultural space, and construction space are three basic management objects in China's new land-use management system. Given that most existing studies focused on a single type of land use, this study treats them as a whole and not only explores the impact of each type, but also systematically investigates the effects of the interactions between any two types of land use and the whole land-use pattern. Specifically, this study first constructs a hierarchical index system, then uses spatial error models (SEM) to explore the global associations between each index and age-standardized CVD mortality rates (ASMRs) and uses the multiple geographical weighted regression model (MGWR) to explore the spatial heterogeneity of factor effects. The possible association between land-use patterns and CVD mortality is then explored, and recommendations for policy formulation are provided. The analysis results show that the overall pattern of moderately decentralized and organically combined land use can control CVD mortality to a certain extent, but the specific influence mechanisms show significant differences according to different land-use types, relationships, and location conditions. First, in terms of single-type land-use distribution, the concentration of ecological space has positive health benefits, while a too high concentration of agricultural space has negative effects. Second, the combination of different types of land use has a significant association with CVD, in which the mixed layout of ecological and agricultural space helps to suppress CVD, while ecological and construction space need to be appropriately regularized and should not be too interspersed. Third, the same index may have different effects in different regions, suggesting that policy makers need to tailor their policies to local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the role of salidroside (SAL) in the cellular communication between Müller cells and retinal ganglion cells in diabetic mice. The diabetes mellitus (DM) animal models were established by the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and treatment with SAL via gavage or by the injection of IL-22BP into the vitreous cavity. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein in Müller cells. The expression of IL-22 and IL-22Rα1 in retinal tissues was assessed by immunofluorescence. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of inflammatory and apoptosis-related proteins. Hematoxylin–eosin staining, TUNEL staining, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. The effect of cellular interactions was explored by Transwell assays. Western blotting showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein, IL-22 protein expression was significantly upregulated in the DM animal models compared with the control mice. Immunofluorescence showed that IL-22 was highly expressed in Müller cells and IL-22Rα1 was expressed in ganglion cells in the retina of DM mice. Hematoxylin–eosin and TUNEL staining results showed an increase in the number of ganglion cells apoptotic in DM. However, SAL reversed these phenomena. Meanwhile, after coculture with Müller cells, Western blotting suggested that ganglion cells secreted p-STAT3, and c-caspase3 protein expression was increased. More interestingly, the treatment of IL-22BP and SAL inhibited the expression of the p-STAT3 and c-caspase3 proteins. Flow cytometry indicates that compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate of ganglion cells was increased in the high glucose group, while the apoptosis rate of cells in the recombinant IL-22 protein group was significantly increased, while the SAL inhibited ganglion cells apoptosis. SAL inhibits the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells via the IL-22/STAT3 pathway in Müller cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GH4169 is primarily strengthened through precipitation, with heat treatment serving as a crucial method for regulating the precipitates of the alloy. However, the impact of aging temperature on the microstructure and properties of GH4169 has not been thoroughly studied, hindering effective regulation of its microstructure and properties. This study systematically investigated the effects of aging temperature on the evolution of precipitates and mechanical properties of GH4169 alloy using various techniques such as OM, SEM, XRD and TEM. The results indicate that raising the aging temperature leads to an increase in the sizes of both the γ″ and γ′ phases in the alloy, as well as promoting the precipitation of δ phase at grain boundaries. Notably, the increase in γ″ phase size enhances the strength of the alloy, while the presence of δ phase is detrimental to its strength but greatly enhances its elongation. The yield strength of the alloy aged at 750 ℃ exhibits the highest yield strength, with values of 1135 MPa and 1050 MPa at room temperature and elevated temperature, respectively. As the aging temperature increases, the Portevin-Le Châtelier (PLC) effect during elevated temperature tensile tests at 650 ℃ gradually weakens. The PLC effect disappears almost completely when the aging temperature reaches 780 ℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the intermodel spread of changes in the Eurasian winter surface air temperature (SAT) based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) and explains it from the perspective of circulation under shared socioeconomic pathway 2–4.5. Results show that the leading intermodel spread of Eurasian SAT change, derived from the intermodel empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF), is characterized by a warming pattern of SAT change. This warming pattern is associated with the changes in the weakened Siberian High and Aleutian Low, the weakened subtropical jet, the poleward polar jet, and the tilting trough. The combination of these circulations has prevented the intrusion of the cold air to the south and therefore results in the warming SAT change pattern. Their relative contribution weights of the weakened Siberian High and Aleutian Low, the tilting East Asian trough, the weakened subtropical jet, and the poleward polar jet are 12.73%, 20.43%, 30.24%, 20.96%, and 15.64%, respectively. All these changes may be traced to the warm sea surface temperature (SST) changes in the western North Pacific and tropical Atlantic Ocean, via the meridional temperature gradient and wave trains, respectively. These warmings would be the potential metrics for reducing the intermodel uncertainties of the winter SAT projection at the end of the 21st century over the Eurasian continent. Plain Language Summary: There are still large intermodel uncertainties in the projection of the winter SAT over the Eurasian continent. In this study, the intermodel EOF is utilized to derive the intermodel spread in the winter SAT change at the end of the 21st century over the Eurasian continent. The leading mode is a warming pattern over Eurasia, which is closely related to the large‐scale circulations, including the changes in the weakened Siberian High and Aleutian Low, the tilt of the East Asian trough, the weakened western subtropical jet, and the northward shift of the eastern polar front jet. All these changes may be traced to the warming in the western North Pacific and the tropical Atlantic. Our findings provide a perspective to improve the projection of Eurasian winter SAT. Key Points: The leading intermodel spread in winter surface air temperature change at the end of the 21st century over the Eurasian continent is a warming pattern from the CMIP6 modelsThe large‐circulation changes in the sea‐level pressure, the tilting trough, and jets are highly associated with this intermodel spreadAll these changes might be traced to the warm SST changes in the western North Pacific and the tropical Atlantic [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Our objective is to compare the right/left ventricular blood pool T1 ratio (RVT1/LVT1), and right/left ventricular blood pool T2 ratio (RVT2/LVT2) on Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) between patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and normal controls, to analyze the correlation of RVT1/LVT1, RVT2/LVT2 and hemodynamics measured with right heart catheterization (RHC) in patients with PH. Methods: Forty two patients with PH and 40 gender-and age-matched healthy controls were prospectively included. All patients underwent RHC and CMR within 24 h. The right and left ventricular blood pool T1 and T2 values were respectively measured, and RVT1/LVT1 and RVT2/LVT2 between the PH group and the healthy control were compared. Meanwhile, the correlation between RVT1/LVT1, RV/LVT2 ratio and hemodynamic parameters in patients with PH respectively was analyzed. Results: In the control group, RVT2 was significantly lower than LVT2 (t = 6.782, p < 0.001) while RVT1 also was lower than LVT1 (t = 8.961, p < 0.001). In patients with PH, RVT2 was significantly lower than LVT2 (t = 9.802, p < 0.001) while RVT1 was similar to LVT1 (t = − 1.378, p = 0.176). RVT2/LVT2 in the PH group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.001). RVT1/LVT1 in PH patients increased in comparison with the control group (p < 0.001). RVT2/LVT2 negatively correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r = − 0.506) and positively correlated with cardiac index (r = 0.521), blood oxygen saturation in Superior vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery (r = 0.564, 0.603, 0.648, 0.582). Conclusions: RVT2/LVT2 on T2 mapping could be an additional CMR imaging marker that may assist to evaluate the severity of PH. Key points: Ventricular blood pool T1 and T2 values on T1 and T2 Mapping on four-chamber slice have good repeatability. LVT2 is higher than RVT2 in both normal control and PH patients. However, RVT2 in PH patients has a significant reduction, compared with the normal control. RVT2/LVT2 ratio in PH patients correlated with hemodynamics such as PVR, CI, blood oxygen saturation in SVC, right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary artery [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic and associated prevention policies can directly or indirectly alter the sentiment of individuals while registering water pollution complaints, but observational evidence remains limited. Here, we conducted a sentiment analysis on over 10,000 water pollution complaints from residents in Alabama, USA (2012–2021) to better understand how and to what extent COVID-19 has altered emotion (polarity score-based) and attitude (subjectivity) of water pollution complaints. We found that the 2017 state-wise drought significantly increased the percentage of negative water pollution complaints by +35%, with no significant alternation in attitude before the COVID-19 pandemic. Since COVID-19, the percentage of negative and subjective water pollution complaints significantly decreased and increased by −30 and +20%, respectively, and these sentiment alternations were maintained by 2021. This study provides a new direction for environmental governance and management, requiring a timely response to changes in the public's emotions and attitudes during the next climate extremes and pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]