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Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a malignancy that is inadequately treated and poses a significant global health threat to females. The aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) acts as a complex with a precise regulatory role in BC progression. LINC00969 has been linked to pyroptotic cell death and resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells. However, the precise function and regulatory mechanisms of LINC00969 in BC remain largely unexplored., Methods: Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells were evaluated using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Western blotting was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of HOXD8, ILP2, PI3K, t-AKT, and p-AKT., Results: LINC00969 was drastically reduced in BC tissues LINC00969 overexpression markedly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, and blocked PI3K and p-AKT protein expression in MCF-7 cells. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway reversed the suppressive effect of LINC0096 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Moreover, LINC00969 overexpression enhanced HOXD8 and blocked ILP2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway had no effect on HOXD8 and blocked ILP2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells overexpressing LINC00969. HOXD8 knockdown enhanced ILP2, PI3K, and p-AKT protein expression, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells co-transfected with si-HOXD8 and ov-LINC00969. LINC00969 regulated HOXD8 via binding to miR-425-5p., Conclusion: LINC00969 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells by regulating PI3K/AKT phosphorylation through HOXD8/ILP2., Competing Interests: The authors declare there are no competing interests., (©2023 Wen et al.)

The crystal growth kinetics is crucial for the controllable preparation and performance modulation of metal nanocrystals (NCs). However, the study of growth mechanisms is significantly limited by characterization techniques, and it is still challenging to in situ capture the growth process. Real-time and real-space imaging techniques at the atomic scale can promote the understanding of microdynamics for NC growth. Herein, the growth of Pd NCs on monolayer MoS 2 under different atmospheres was in situ studied by environmental transmission electron microscopy. Introducing carbon monoxide can modulate the diffusion of Pd monomers, resulting in the epitaxial growth of Pd NCs with a uniform orientation. The electron energy loss spectroscopy and theoretical calculations showed that the CO adsorption assured the specific exposed facets and good uniformity of Pd NCs. The insight into the gas-solid interface interaction and the microscopic growth mechanism of NCs may shed light on the precise synthesis of NCs on two-dimensional (2D) materials.

Nematophagous fungi constitute a category of fungi that exhibit parasitic behavior by capturing, colonizing, and poisoning nematodes, which are critical factors in controlling nematode populations in nature, and provide important research materials for biological control. Arthrobotrys oligospora serves as a model strain among nematophagous fungi, which begins its life as conidia, and then its hyphae produce traps to capture nematodes, completing its lifestyle switch from saprophytic to parasitic. There have been many descriptions of the morphological characteristics of A. oligospora lifestyle changes, but there have been no reports on the nuclear dynamics in this species. In this work, we constructed A. oligospora strains labeled with histone H 2 B-EGFP and observed the nuclear dynamics from conidia germination and hyphal extension to trap formation. We conducted real-time imaging observations on live cells of germinating and extending hyphae and found that the nucleus was located near the tip. It is interesting that the migration rate of this type of cell nucleus is very fast, and we speculate that this may be related to the morphological changes involved in the transformation to a predatory lifestyle. We suggest that alterations in nuclear shape and fixation imply the immediate disruption of the interaction with cytoskeletal mechanisms during nuclear migration. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the signal initiating nuclear migration into fungal traps is generated at the onset of nucleus entry into a trap cell. Our work provides a reference for analysis of the dynamics of nucleus distribution and a means to visualize protein localization and interactions in A. oligospora .

Mitochondrial viscosity is a critical factor affecting numerous physiological processes, including phagocytosis. Abnormal viscosity in mitochondria is related to some pathological activities and diseases. Evaluating and detecting the changes in mitochondrial viscosity in vivo is crucial. Thus, a mitochondria-targeted red-emitting fluorescent probe (VP) was prepared, and can be used to detect viscosity with high selectivity and sensitivity. The synthesis of probe VP was as simple as two steps and the cost was low. In addition, the fluorescence intensity (log I 615 ) exhibited an excellent relationship with viscosity (log η) in the range of 0.5 - 2.5 (R 2  = 0.9985) in water/glycerol mixture. It is noteworthy that the probe VP displayed the highest signal-to-noise ratio (about 50-fold) for viscosity in water and glycerol system. The probe VP can visualize the mitochondrial viscosity change in living cells. More importantly, phagocytic test for BV2 cells further demonstrated that phagocytosis decreased with increased viscosity. Furthermore, VP was successfully used for monitoring the mitophagy process induced by starvation, and mitochondrial viscosity exhibited enhancement during mitophagy. The probe was a potential tool for studying viscosity and phagocytosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The microstructural characteristics of white and gray matter in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the early-stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remain unclear. This study aimed to systematically identify the microstructural damages of MCI/AD in studies using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and explore their correlations with cognitive performance. Multiple databases were searched for eligible studies. The 10 eligible NODDI studies were finally included. Patients with MCI/AD showed overall significant reductions in neurite density index (NDI) of specific white matter structures in bilateral hemispheres (left hemisphere: -0.40 [-0.53, -0.27], P < 0.001; right: -0.33 [-0.47, -0.19], P < 0.001), involving the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), the left posterior thalamic radiation (PTR), and the left cingulum. White matter regions exhibited significant increased orientation dispersion index (ODI) (left: 0.25 [0.02, 0.48], P < 0.05; right: 0.27 [0.07, 0.46], P < 0.05), including the left cingulum, the right UF, and the bilateral parahippocampal cingulum (PHC), and PTR. Additionally, the ODI of gray matter showed significant reduction in bilateral hippocampi (left: -0.97 [-1.42, -0.51], P < 0.001; right: -0.90 [-1.35, -0.45], P < 0.001). The cognitive performance in MCI/AD was significantly associated with NDI (r = 0.50, P < 0.001). Our findings highlight the microstructural changes in MCI/AD were characterized by decreased fiber orientation dispersion in the hippocampus, and decreased neurite density and increased fiber orientation dispersion in specific white matter tracts, including the cingulum, UF, and PTR. Moreover, the decreased NDI may indicate the declined cognitive level of MCI/AD patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: To determine the difference in the burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) between China and the United States from 1990 to 2019., Methods: The prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and their age-standardized rates for BPH in China and USA from 1990 to 2019 were based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). The annual percentage changes (APC) of the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and the age-standardized YLD rates (ASYR) were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis. The YLD numbers of six urinary tract diseases were also compared in both countries., Results: The absolute burden of BPH increased continuously in both countries, but it was much higher in China than in the United States. The ASIR and ASYR of BPH decreased in China but remained stable or decreased slightly in the United States. BPH incidence and YLD rates decreased in all age groups in China from 1990 to 2019. In the USA, they varied by age group. BPH caused more YLD number than any other urinary tract disease in China. In the USA, prostate cancer (PCa) caused more YLDs than BPH., Conclusions: This research reveals marked BPH burden differences between China and the US (1990-2019). China's higher burden necessitates targeted interventions, while unique trends in both countries demand tailored strategies. These insights enhance understanding of BPH dynamics, informing effective interventions across diverse contexts., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

In this pilot-scale study, simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process was achieved successfully in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater. After 95 days of operation, when the total nitrogen loading rate of SNAD-MBBR process was 1.09 kg TN/m 3 /day, the total nitrogen removal rate could reach 0.87 kg TN/m 3 /day, and the removal efficiencies of ammonium and total nitrogen were 92.0% and 79.7%, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for SNAD-MBBR process were 8.5 and 35 °C, respectively, and the optimum dissolved oxygen for SNAD1 and SNAD2 were 0.30 and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that Candidatus Kuenenia, Candidatus Brocadia, Nitrosomonas, and Denitratisoma were the dominant nitrogen removal bacteria. Some of the co-existing bacteria (Truepera, Limnobacter, and Anaerolineaceae uncultured) promoted ammonium oxidation and guaranteed the growth of the anammox bacteria under adverse environmental conditions. Overall, this study demonstrated that the SNAD-MBBR process would be an energy-saving and cost-effective method for the removal of nitrogen from swine wastewater and provided important process parameters for stable operation of the full-scale SNAD process., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in clinical practice. The mechanism by which PRP promotes tissue repair lies in the release of multiple growth factors upon platelet activation, which accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of repair cells and the synthesis of extracellular matrix. In recent years, as extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has increased and intensified, it has been found that EVs also play an important role in tissue repair. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of PRP and PRP-derived extracellular vesicles (PRP-EVs) in tissue repair. It discusses the biological characteristics, extraction, identification, activation, and preservation of PRP-EVs. It also reviews their applications in orthopedics and wound repair. The article highlights the importance of PRP-EVs in modern medicine and suggests that they could be a promising natural nanocarrier.

Si nanoparticles (NPs) are considered as a promising high-capacity anode material owing to their ability to prevent mechanical failure from drastic volume change during (de)lithiation. However, upon cycling, a quick capacity fading is still observed for Si NPs, and the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this contribution, it is demonstrated that the quick capacity fading is mainly caused by the generation of dead (electrochemically inert) Si with blocked electron conductivity in a densely composited Si/SEI (solid electrolyte interface) hybrid. This is due to the combined influence of electrolyte-related side reactions and the accompanied agglomeration of Si NPs. A compact, sub-nano scale interfused SiO x /C composite coating onto the Si NPs is constructed, and a highly stabilized electrochemistry is achieved upon long cycling. The SiO x /C coating with electron/ion dual transport paths and robust mechanical flexibility enables a fast and stable lithium ion/electron dual diffusion pathway towards the encapsulated Si. With fast reaction kinetics, stable SEI, and an antiagglomeration feature, the obtained Si@SiO x /C composite demonstrates a stable high capacity. This work unravels new perspectives on the capacity fading of Si NPs and provides an effective encapsulating method to remedy the structure degradation and capacity fading of nano Si., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Aims: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) involves a variety of tissues in the joint. Gene expression profiles in different tissues are of great importance in order to understand OA., Methods: First, we obtained gene expression profiles of cartilage, synovium, subchondral bone, and meniscus from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Several datasets were standardized by merging and removing batch effects. Then, we used unsupervised clustering to divide OA into three subtypes. The gene ontology and pathway enrichment of three subtypes were analyzed. CIBERSORT was used to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in different subtypes. Finally, OA-related genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database for validation, and diagnostic markers were screened according to clinical characteristics. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the effectiveness of markers., Results: C1 subtype is mainly concentrated in the development of skeletal muscle organs, C2 lies in metabolic process and immune response, and C3 in pyroptosis and cell death process. Therefore, we divided OA into three subtypes: bone remodelling subtype (C1), immune metabolism subtype (C2), and cartilage degradation subtype (C3). The number of macrophage M0 and activated mast cells of C2 subtype was significantly higher than those of the other two subtypes. COL2A1 has significant differences in different subtypes. The expression of COL2A1 is related to age, and trafficking protein particle complex subunit 2 is related to the sex of OA patients., Conclusion: This study linked different tissues with gene expression profiles, revealing different molecular subtypes of patients with knee OA. The relationship between clinical characteristics and OA-related genes was also studied, which provides a new concept for the diagnosis and treatment of OA., Competing Interests: The authors disclose receipt of the following financial or material support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: this work was supported by Wuxi Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Research Youth Project (Q202130) and Wuxi Top medical expert team of “Taihu Talent Progra”., (© 2023 Wang et al.)

Competing Interests: The authors reported no potential conflict of interests.

The structural characteristics of hollow carbon nanostructures (HCNs) result in intriguing physicochemical properties and various applications, especially for electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the currently solvent-based template methods to prepare HCNs are still far from meeting the facile, environment-friendly, and scalable demand. Herein, we explored a general and facile solvent-free block copolymer self-assembly approach to prepare various hollow hard carbon nanostructures, including hollow carbon nanofibers, hollow carbon Janus nanotadpoles, hollow carbon spheres, etc . It was found that the obtained HCNs possess abundant active sites, fast pathways for electrons/ions transport, and superior electronic conducting connectivity, which are promising for efficient electrochemical energy storage. Typically, the resultant hollow carbon nanofibers with a thick-walled tube deliver a high reversible capacity (431 mAh g -1 ) and excellent rate performance (259 mAh g -1 at 800 mA g -1 ) for sodium ion storage. This intelligent solvent-free block copolymer self-assembly method would inspire the design of hollow hard carbon-based nanostructures for advanced applications in various energy conversion and storage.

The discovery and utilization of pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials provide a major breakthrough in obtaining high-performance and low-cost organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In spite of recent research progress in TADF emitters, highly efficient and stable TADF emitters in high-concentration solutions and in the solid state have been rarely reported, and most of them suffer from aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ). To resolve this issue, the aggregation-induced delayed fluorescence (AIDF) mechanism was studied in depth by the simulation of excited-state dynamic processes, and the effect of geometric modifications on optical properties was minutely investigated based on molecular modeling. TD-DFT calculations demonstrate that it is the key point for the transformation between prompt fluorescence and TADF to effectively regulate singlet-triplet energy difference and electron-vibration coupling by the aggregation effect. Then, excellent green and red TADF materials with very small singlet-triplet energy differences of 0.05 and 0.06 eV, high TADF quantum yields up to 57.53% and 39.19%, and suitable fluorescence lifetimes of 0.99 and 1.67 us, respectively, were designed and obtained, which demonstrate the potential application of these two TADF materials in OLEDs.

Exploring the nature of aggregation-regulated thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and proposing effective design strategies for two-photon excited TADF materials for time-resolved biological imaging and monitoring are urgent and encouraging. In this work, it is found that the aggregation effect not only plays an important role in decreasing the internal conversion decay rate but also strongly influences the singlet-triplet excited-state energy difference as well as the intersystem crossing rate. It is proposed that the transformation from prompt fluorescence materials to long lifetime TADF or phosphorescence materials can be accomplished by regulating the position of substituent groups, which provides an effective method to design and develop long afterglow materials. Then, a high-performance TADF compound with a large two-photon absorption cross section in the biological window (112 GM/775 nm), high TADF efficiency (nearly 100%), and long fluorescence lifetime (50.75 μs) has been designed, which demonstrates the potential application in time-resolved two-photon excited fluorescence imaging and biological detection.

TiO 2 is a widely recognized intercalation anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), yet its practical capacity is kinetically constrained due to sluggish lithium-ion diffusion, leading to a lithiation number of less than 1.0 Li + (336 mAh g -1 ). Here, the growth of TiO 2 crystallites is restrained by integrating Si into the TiO 2 framework, thereby enhancing the charge transfer and creating additional active sites potentially residing at grain boundaries for Li + storage. This strategy is corroborated by the expanded redox range of Ti, as thoroughly demonstrated via synchrotron radiation-based X-ray spectroscopy and Cs-corrected electron microscopy. Consequently, when deployed for lithium storage, the tailored material achieves an extraordinarily high reversible capacity of 559 mAh g -1 , 116% of the theoretical maximum of 483 mAh g -1 calculated based on all active species, while simultaneously retaining superior rate capability and robust cycling stability. This work offers fresh perspectives on the revitalization of traditional electrode materials to achieve enhanced capacities.

With pre-trained large models and their associated fine-tuning paradigms being constantly applied in deep learning, the performance of large models achieves a dramatic boost, mostly owing to the improvements on both data quantity and quality. Next-generation synchrotron light sources offer ultra-bright and highly coherent X-rays, which are becoming one of the largest data sources for scientific experiments. As one of the most data-intensive scanning-based imaging methodologies, ptychography produces an immense amount of data, making the adoption of large deep learning models possible. Here, we introduce and refine the architecture of a neural network model to improve the reconstruction performance, through fine-tuning large pre-trained model using a variety of datasets. The pre-trained model exhibits remarkable generalization capability, while the fine-tuning strategy enhances the reconstruction quality. We anticipate this work will contribute to the advancement of deep learning methods in ptychography, as well as in broader coherent diffraction imaging methodologies in future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: Ti6Al4V biomaterials combine with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been reported with great bone regeneration capacity. It is important to better understand how LIPUS benefits bone microenvironment to seek for target of therapeutic medicine. Osteoclast differentiation plays a crucial role in bone resorption. Recent advances in molecular biology have revealed that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modifications can modulate biological processes, but their role in bone biology, particularly in osteoclast differentiation, remains unclear. We aim to understand how LIPUS regulates bone microenvironment especially osteoclast formation during bone regeneration to provide new therapeutic options for preventing and delaying bone resorption, thus with better bone regeneration efficiency., Results: 1. LIPUS promoted bone ingrowth and bone maturity while inhibiting osteoclast formation within Ti6Al4V scaffolds in large-scale bone defect model. 2. LIPUS was found to inhibit osteoclast differentiation by decreasing the overall expression of osteoclast markers in vitro. 3. LIPUS decreases RNA m6A-modification level through upregulating FTO expression during osteoclast differentiation during. 4. Inhibiting FTO expression and function leads to less inhibition during osteoclast differentiation., Conclusion: LIPUS suppresses osteoclast differentiation during bone regeneration through reducing m6A modification of osteoclastic RNAs by up regulating FTO expression., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors claim there was no conflict of interests and are consent for publication., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Suicide has aroused global concern, and a better understanding of the complex interactions between suicide ideation and various psychopathological features is critical. We aimed to explore the complex interplays among adolescents. This study adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method and recruited adolescents aged 12 to 20 year-old from 8 middle and high schools between December 2020 and September 2021 in Guangzhou, China. We assessed loneliness, social support, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. We used network analysis to examine the network structure of the correlates of suicidal ideation and identify central symptoms and bridge symptoms. We used case-drop bootstrapping and correlation stability coefficients to examine the stability of the network. Among 8686 adolescents, 347 (4 %) adolescents reported suicidal ideation in the past two weeks. Network analyses identified 'hopeless', 'psychomotor', and 'failure' were the three strongest edges linked to suicidal ideation. The most central nodes were identified as 'hopeless' being the most central node, followed by loneliness and verbal bullying victimization, while sexual bullying victimization, sex, and relational bullying were the strongest bridging symptoms. The findings shed light on the complexity of associations of suicidal ideation and could provide insight into school-based suicide risk assessment and prevention for adolescents., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Hard carbon is generally accepted as the choice of anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, integrating high capacity, high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), and good durability in hard carbon materials remains challenging. Herein, N-doped hard carbon microspheres (NHCMs) with abundant Na + adsorption sites and tunable interlayer distance are constructed based on the amine-aldehyde condensation reaction using m-phenylenediamine and formaldehyde as the precursors. The optimized NHCM-1400 with a considerable N content (4.64%) demonstrates a high ICE (87%), high reversible capacity with ideal durability (399 mAh g -1 at 30 mA g -1 and 98.5% retention over 120 cycles), and decent rate capability (297 mAh g -1 at 2000 mA g -1 ). In situ characterizations elucidate the adsorption-intercalation-filling sodium storage mechanism of NHCMs. Theoretical calculation reveals that the N-doping decreases the Na + adsorption energy on hard carbon., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a common tumor type. High recurrence rates remain an important factor affecting the survival and quality of life of advanced LSCC patients. We aimed to build a new nomogram and a random survival forest model using machine learning to predict the risk of LSCC progress. The study included 671 patients with AJCC stages III-IV LSCC. To develop a prognostic model, Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between clinic-pathologic factors and disease-free survival (DFS). RSF analysis was also used to predict the DFS of LSCC patients. The ROC curve revealed that the Cox model exhibited good sensitivity and specificity in predicting DFS in the training and validation cohorts (1 year, validation AUC = 0.679, training AUC = 0.693; 3 years, validation AUC = 0.716, training AUC = 0.655; 5 years, validation AUC = 0.717, training AUC = 0.659). Random survival forest analysis showed that N stage, clinical stage, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy were prognostically significant variables associated with survival. The random forest model exhibited better prediction ability than the Cox regression model in the training cohort; however, the two models showed similar prediction ability in the validation cohort., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Malpositioning of the femoral button is a known technical complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with cortical suspensory fixation. The incidence of malpositioning, as well as the efficacy of methods to prevent malpositioning of cortical suspensory fixation devices, has not been reported., Purpose: To determine the rate of malpositioned cortical suspensory fixation devices after ACL reconstruction, investigate which intraoperative technique yields the lowest rate of malpositioning, and determine the return-to-duty rate for active-duty service members with malpositioned buttons and the revision rate for malpositioned buttons., Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4., Methods: The records of patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction with a cortical suspensory fixation device between 2008 and 2018 were reviewed at our institution. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed for evidence of malpositioned femoral buttons. Malpositioned buttons were classified as (1) fully positioned in the bone tunnel, (2) partially positioned in the bone tunnel, (3) >2 mm from cortical bone, or (4) deployed over the iliotibial band. Operative reports were reviewed to determine the intraoperative methods undertaken to verify the button position. The rate of malpositioned cases with subjective instability and revision surgery performed were determined. The ability of patients to return to full military duty was reviewed for active-duty personnel., Results: A total of 1214 patients met the inclusion criteria. A 3.5% rate (42 cases) of malpositioned cortical suspensory fixation devices (femoral buttons) was identified. For patients with malpositioned buttons, 7 (16.7%) patients underwent revision surgery in the immediate postoperative period. Techniques used to avoid malpositioning included direct arthroscopic visualization, direct open visualization, intraoperative fluoroscopy, and first passing the button through the skin before positioning on the femoral cortex. There was a 4.6% malposition rate using direct arthroscopic visualization and a 5.1% malposition rate using passage of the button through the skin, while no malpositioning occurred with intraoperative fluoroscopy or direct open visualization ( P < .05). Overall, 12 (28.6%) patients with malpositioned buttons ultimately underwent revision surgery. Despite having been diagnosed with malpositioned buttons, 21 (63.6%) active-duty members were able to return to full duty., Conclusion: Malpositioning of femoral buttons during ACL reconstruction occurred in 3.5% of patients in this series. The techniques of intraoperative fluoroscopy and direct open visualization are encouraged to prevent malpositioning., Competing Interests: One or more of the authors has declared the following potential conflict of interest or source of funding: J.A. has received education payments from ImpactOrtho. L.Z. has received grant support from Arthrex and hospitality payments from Stryker. C.R.B. has received education payments from Arthrex, nonconsulting fees from Arthrex, and honoraria from MTF Biologics. S.M.G. has received education payments from Supreme Orthopedic Systems and Sea Pearl and grant support from Arthrex. The views expressed in this article are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the United States government. AOSSM checks author disclosures against the Open Payments Database (OPD). AOSSM has not conducted an independent investigation on the OPD and disclaims any liability or responsibility relating thereto., (© The Author(s) 2023.)

Introduction: The childhood experiences of being overprotected and overcontrolled by family members have been suggested to be potentially traumatic. However, the possible associated factors of these experiences among young people are still not well studied. This study aimed to partly fill such gaps by a relatively large, nationwide survey of Chinese university students., Methods: A total of 5,823 university students across nine different provinces in China were included by the convenience sampling method in the data analyses. All participants completed the overprotection/overcontrol (OP/OC) subscale in a recently developed 33-item childhood trauma questionnaire (CTQ- 33). Data were also collected on all participants' socio-demographic profiles and characterization of mental health. Binary logistic regression was conducted to investigate the associated socio-demographic and psychological factors of OP/ OC., Results: The prevalence of childhood OP/OC was estimated as 15.63% (910/5,823) based on a cutoff OP/OC subscale score of  ≥ 13. Binary logistic regression suggested that being male, being a single child, having depression, having psychotic-like experiences, lower family functioning, and lower psychological resilience were independently associated with childhood OP/OC experiences (all corrected- p  < 0.05). The OP/OC was also positively associated with all the other trauma subtypes (abuses and neglects) in the CTQ-33, while there are both shared and unique associated factors between the OP/OC and other trauma subtypes. Post-hoc analyses suggested that OP/OC experiences were associated with depression in only females and associated with anxiety in only males., Discussion: Our results may provide initial evidence that childhood OP/OC experiences would have negative effects on young people's mental health which merits further investigations, especially in clinical populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhang, Wu, Tao, Chen, Yu, Zhou, Sun, Lv, Cui, Yi, Tang, An, Liu, Huang and Long.)

Introduction: Thyroidectomy and thyrotropin suppressive therapy is the widely used surgical treatment for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, systematic metabolic changes of post-operative PTC patients were rarely reported., Methods: Here, untargeted metabolomic detection of cohorts from PTC before (t0) and 1-month-after (t1) thyroidectomy, were performed to characterize circulating metabolic signatures after surgical treatment., Results: Our results showed PTC patients exhibited lower thyroid stimulating hormone degree, higher total thyroxine, and significant lipid-related metabolic alternations after thyroidectomy, which included 97 upregulations (including 93 lipids) and 5 downregulations (including 2 lipids and 3 nucleotides). Enrichment of metabolic pathways mainly included biosynthesis of fatty acids, purine metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. We also demonstrated that differential surgical approaches (hemi- and total thyroidectomy) and post-operative complication phenotypes (insomnia, fatigue), might lead to characteristic metabolic signatures., Discussion: This study revealed dynamic changes of metabolite characteristics of PTC patients after surgical treatment, which were associated with clinical thyroid function parameters, surgical approaches, and complication occurrence. It enlightened us to pay more attention on the post-operative metabolic dysregulation of PTC patients and their long-term qualities of life, so as to provide cautious clinical decisions on surgical choices, treatments, and follow-up details., Competing Interests: Authors DS, SL, and YW were employed by the company Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd. and Hangzhou Calibra Diagnostics Co., Ltd, respectively. The remaining authors declared that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zhou, Li, Wu, Chen, Hu, Jiang, Shi, Shen and Xie.)

Objective: When active surveillance (AS) is developed in the patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), a medical center needs to ensure the delayed operation that is caused by PTMC clinical progression to have the same prognosis as that of immediate operation. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of delayed surgery by simulating clinical progression (tumor size enlargement and appearance of lymph node metastasis) of PTMCs with AS in a single medical center., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the response to therapy in 317 papillary thyroid carcinoma patients treated with total thyroidectomy and post-operative radioactive iodine ablation. They were classified into three groups according to tumor size (group A ≤0.5 cm; group B >0.5 cm and ≤1 cm; group C >1 cm and ≤1.5 cm) or two groups according to the presence (cN1) or absence (cN0) of the clinical lymph node (LN) metastasis. Groups C and cN1 were regarded as simulated clinical progression of observational PTMC and the operation for them was assumed to be "delayed surgery". However, Groups A, B and cN0 were regarded as no clinical progression and the operation for them was considered as immediate surgery., Results: There were no significantly differences in excellent response to therapy and recurrence-free survival not only among the group A, B and C, but also between the group cN0 and cN1. In other words, these insignificant differences were found between immediate and simulated "delayed" surgeries., Conclusion: For the PTMC patients suitable for AS, the oncological outcomes were also excellent even if surgery was delayed until after the presence of clinical progression, according to our clinical simulation. Furthermore, we consider that it was feasible for medical centers to assess the ability to implement AS for PTMC patients by retrospectively analyzing their own previous clinical data using the described simulation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Shi, Le, Qi, Feng, Zhou, Wang and Xie.)

Indole derivatives have garnered considerable attention in the realm of biochemistry due to their multifaceted properties. In this study, we undertake a systematic investigation of the vibrational characteristics of a model indole derivative, 6-isocyano-1-methyl-1H-indole (6ICMI), by employing a combination of FTIR, IR pump-probe spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. Our findings demonstrate a strong dependence of the isonitrile stretching frequency of 6ICMI on the polarizability of protic solvents and the density of hydrogen-bond donor groups in the solvent when the isonitrile group is bonded to aromatic groups. Both experimental and theoretical analyses unveil a significant correlation between the isonitrile stretch vibration of 6ICMI and the solvent acceptor number of alcohols. Furthermore, the polarization-controlled infrared pump-probe conducted on 6ICMI in dimethyl sulfoxide provides additional support for the potential use of the isonitrile stretching mode of 6ICMI as an effective infrared probe for local environments.

Objective: To investigate the association between the concentration of perchlorate in drinking water and the height and weight of children and adolescents in Sichuan Province., Methods: Perchlorate in the drinking water of 24 counties in Sichuan Province from 2021 to 2022 was detected and analyzed, 66 drinking water samples were collected, and the content of perchlorate in drinking water during the wet season and dry season was detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography in series. The linear mixed effect model was used to estimate the relationship between perchlorate in drinking water and the height and weight of 144,644 children and adolescents, and 33 pieces of local average wage data were used as confounding factors for quality control., Results: After controlling the age, gender, and local economic situation, we found that the concentration of perchlorate in drinking water increased by 10 μg/L is associated with a 1.0 cm decrease in height and a 1.6 kg decrease in weight in children and adolescents ( p  < 0.05)., Conclusion: The concentration of perchlorate in drinking water may be negatively correlated with the height and weight of children., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Guo, Zong, Yong, Jiang, Qin, Zhou, Ren, Gao, Kang, Huang, Chen and Zhang.)

Raman spectroscopy exhibits potential as a tool for identifying the chemical composition of substances and has witnessed a growing application in urological oncology. This study undertook a bibliometric analysis to chart the present state and future prospects of Raman spectroscopy applications in urological tumors. The present study retrieved literature on the utilization of Raman spectroscopy in urological oncology from the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection, spanning from its inception to June 2023. Data from included studies were analyzed using CiteSpace, Python, and Excel. Our study examined 897 articles from 65 countries and identified a significant exponential growth in annual publications. The USA and China were prominent contributors to this field, with high publication rates and funding agencies. Shanghai Jiao Tong University emerged as the most influential institution. The journals Analytical Chemistry and Analyst were found to be the most productive. Our keyword analysis revealed an intense interest for "gold nanoparticle" and "pathology," with the most recent bursts occurring for "surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)," "biomarkers," and "prostate specific antigen." As a detection tool, Raman spectroscopy holds the potential to assist in the identification, management, and prognostication of urological tumors. Notably, adjuvant diagnosis and prognosis evaluation based on SERS of tumor markers is a hot research topic. These findings offer valuable insights into the current state of Raman spectroscopy research in urological oncology, which could inform future studies and clinical practice., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: The goal of this study was to characterize the relationship between ATR and STAT3 interactions in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells., Methods: Various MM cell lines, including IL-6-dependent cells were exposed to ATR inhibitors and effects on STAT3 Tyr705 and Ser727 were monitored by WB analysis and ImageStream analysis. Parallel studies examined induction of cell death, STAT3 DNA binding activity, and expression of STAT3 downstream targets (BCL-X L , MCL-1, c-MYC). Validation was obtained in ATR shRNA knock-down cells, and in cells ectopically expressing BCL-X L , MCL-1, or c-MYC. Analogous studies were performed in primary MM cells and in a MM xenograft model., Results: Multiple pharmacologic ATR inhibitors inhibited STAT3 Tyr705 (but not Ser727) phosphorylation at low uM concentrations and down-regulated BCL-X L , MCL-1, c-MYC in association with cell death induction. Compatible results were observed in ATR shRNA knock-down cells. Cell death induced by ATR inhibitors was significantly attenuated in cells ectopically expressing constitutively active STAT3, BCL-X L , MCL-1, or c-MYC. Concordant results were observed in primary human MM cells and in an in vivo MM xenograft model., Conclusions: Collectively, these findings argue for a non-canonical role for the ATR kinase in STAT3 activation in MM cells, and suggest that STAT3 inactivation contributes to the lethal actions of ATR inhibitors in MM., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: The differences in benign and malignant breast tumors are not only within the nodules but also involve changes in the surrounding tissues. Radiomics can reveal many details that are not discernible to the naked eye. This study aimed to distinguish between benign and malignant breast nodules using an ultrasound-based intra- and peritumoral radiomics model., Methods: This study retrospectively collected the information from 379 patients with Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 3-5 nodules and clear pathological diagnosis of breast nodules screened by routine ultrasound examination in the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2017 to December 2022. The largest dimension of the lesion on the 2D ultrasound image was selected to outline the area of interest which was conformally and outwardly expanded automatically by 5 mm to extract intra- and peritumor radiomics features. The included cases were randomly divided into training sets and test sets in a ratio of 7:3. The optimal features of the included models were retained by statistical and machine learning methods of dimensionality reduction, and logistic regression was used as the classifier to build an intratumoral model and a combined intratumoral-peritumoral radiomics model, respectively; through single-factor and multifactor logistic regression, the optimal features that could predict benign and malignant breast tumors were screened. The clinical and imaging models were established by selecting independent risk factors as clinical and imaging features through univariate and multifactorial logistic regression., Results: Among 379 BI-RADS category 3-5 breast nodules, there were 124 malignant nodules and 255 benign nodules; patients were aged 14 to 88 (46.22±15.51) years, and the age differences, radiomics score, and mass diameter between the training and test sets were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The intra- and peritumor radiomics model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.840 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.766-0.914] in the test set. The model with intra- and peritumoral ultrasound radiomics features combined with clinical features had an AUC value of 0.960 (95% CI: 0.920-0.999)., Conclusions: The nomogram, developed using intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics features combined with clinical risk features, demonstrated superior performance in distinguishing between benign and malignant BI-RADS 3-5 lesions., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-23-283/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Iron metabolism is pivotal for cell fitness in the mammalian host; however, its role in group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) is unknown. Here we show that transferrin receptor CD71 (encoded by Tfrc)-mediated iron metabolism cell-intrinsically controls ILC3 proliferation and host protection against Citrobacter rodentium infection and metabolically affects mitochondrial respiration by switching of oxidative phosphorylation toward glycolysis. Iron deprivation or Tfrc ablation in ILC3s reduces the expression and/or activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a key ILC3 regulator. Genetic ablation or activation of Ahr in ILC3s leads to CD71 upregulation or downregulation, respectively, suggesting Ahr-mediated suppression of CD71. Mechanistically, Ahr directly binds to the Tfrc promoter to inhibit transcription. Iron overload partially restores the defective ILC3 compartment in the small intestine of Ahr-deficient mice, consistent with the compensatory upregulation of CD71. These data collectively demonstrate an under-appreciated role of the Ahr-CD71-iron axis in the regulation of ILC3 maintenance and function., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Microplastics (MP) and microcystins (MCs) are two co-occurring pollutants in freshwater ecosystems that pose significant risks to aquatic organisms and human health. This study investigates the interactions between MP and MCs and their effects on the metabolic responses of freshwater aquaculture. Asian clams have been used as an indicator of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems. The present study investigates metabolic responses of Asian clams during microplastic and microcystin-LR stress to identify health impacts and elucidate mechanistic effects of external stressors on Asian clams. A liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolic perturbations and histological section technique was used to assess changes of tissues from different Asian clam treatment groups. The results showed significantly pathological changes in the gills and hepatopancreas in experimental clam compared to control (healthy) clam. Metabolomics revealed alterations of many metabolites in the hepatopancreas of six Asian clam comparison groups, reflecting perturbations in several molecular pathways, including energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, protein degradation/tissue damage, and oxidative stress. Overall, this study emphasizes the importance of understanding the interactions between MP and MCs and the need for proactive measures to safeguard freshwater ecosystems and human health., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

In this study, specific generation of 1 O 2 was achieved by activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) using N-doped porous carbon with Fe nanoparticles (NPC-Fe), synthesized by carbonizing MIL-88B(Fe) metal-organic frameworks modified with ionic liquid. Fe(II) in the catalyst was found to react with PMS to form •O 2 - , and Pyridinic N promoted the conversion of •O 2 - to 1 O 2 . Consequently, the NPC-Fe/PMS reaction system could generate a large amount of 1 O 2 by the synergistic effect of Fe(II) and Pyridinic N. The system demonstrated excellent performance in a wide pH range for the degradation of contaminants represented by antibiotics. Additionally, the catalyst NPC-Fe had good stability and recyclability. This work provides novel insights for generating 1 O 2 by activation of PMS for environmental remediation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Two new organo-europium complexes (OEuCs) [Eu(btfa) 3 (Bathphen)] (OEuC-1) and [Eu(tta) 3 (Bathphen)] (OEuC-2) where btfa and tta are the anions of 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone while Bathphen = Bathophenanthroline have been synthesized and characterized. Both complexes in the solid state exhibit strong red emissions with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 80% ± 10%. These complexes were tested as dopants in the emitting layer (EML) to fabricate red organic light emitting diodes (R-OLEDs). Through device engineering involving the amalgamation of appropriate host materials and complexes, we have achieved exceptional overall R-OLED performance for an OEuC-2 based device, with maximum current efficiency (CE max ) = 9.91 cd A -1 , maximum power efficiency (PE max ) = 9.15 lm W -1 , maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE max. ) = 6.24%, brightness ( B ) of 545 cd m -2 , and (CIE) x , y = 0.620, 0.323 at J = 10 mA cm -2 .

After several years of extensive exploration, a series of oil and gas reservoirs or structures have been discovered in the Dongdaohaizi sag, situated in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin. However, in recent years, some wells around the sag have failed. Herein, sedimentary facies, the plane distribution of dark mudstone, geochemical characteristics of source rocks, and the control of sedimentary facies on the distribution and development of source rocks in the Permian Pingdiquan Formation in the Dongdaohaizi sag were systematically investigated. A combined geological and geochemical method was used to fully understand the distribution law and resource potential of the source rocks in this area. Investigation results indicate that the Pingdiquan Formation primarily inherited continuous deposition, and the sedimentary facies of the sag, such as semideep lake, shore-shallow lake, prefan delta, fan delta front, and fan delta plain, were developed from the center sag to the outside. The fan delta facies, predominantly distributed in the northern margin of the sag, are characterized by lithology mainly composed of sandy conglomerate and coarse sandstone. The sandstone has a coarse particle size and poor sorting ability, while lacustrine mudstone is widely developed in the sag with a large sedimentary thickness, which is the primary source rock of the Dongdaohaizi sag. The source rocks in the Pingdiquan Formation exhibit medium-to-good quality. The organic matter is categorized as types II 1 -III, and the thermal evolution maturity is in the mature-high mature stage, indicating a high resource potential. The development of the source rock in the Dongdaohaizi sag is closely related to the sedimentary environment. The sedimentation rate of fan delta facies is high and burial is fast, bringing a large amount of terrestrial organic matter to the lake, thereby increasing the nutrition and organic matter quantity of the lake. Due to the stable water of the lake, low energy at the bottom, and medium conditions of strong reduction, a large amount of organic matter accumulated in the deep to semideep lake facies of the study area, resulting in the development of thick dark mudstone with a thickness of over 400 m. The abundance of organic matter has reached a good level, and the maturity and content of organic matter are high, signifying a high hydrocarbon-generation potential., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Y-box-binding protein 1 (YBX1), a member of the RNA-binding protein family, is a critical regulator of cell survival in various solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia. However, the function of YBX1 in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remains elusive. Here, we found that YBX1 was upregulated in patients with T-ALL, T-ALL cell lines, and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice. Furthermore, depletion of YBX1 dramatically reduced cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, and induced G0/G1 phase arrest in vitro. Moreover, YBX1 depletion significantly decreased the leukemia burden in the human T-ALL xenograft and NOTCH1-induced T-ALL mice model in vivo. Mechanistically, downregulation of YBX1 markedly inhibited the expression of total AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT), p-AKT, total extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p-ERK in T-ALL cells. Taken together, our results uncovered a critical role of YBX1 in the leukemogenesis of T-ALL, which may have great potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target in T-ALL., (© 2023 by The American Society of Hematology. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), permitting only noncommercial, nonderivative use with attribution. All other rights reserved.)

Space target imaging simulation holds great significance for the development of space-based imaging systems and the prediction of imaging tasks. Currently, commonly used rendering algorithms in space target imaging simulation suffer from issues such as radiance calculation results lacking actual physical significance and rendered images containing high-frequency noise. To address these issues, this study proposes a rendering algorithm based on progressive photon mapping in the context of space imaging scenarios, aiming to enhance the accuracy of energy calculations and image rendering for space targets. This algorithm generates multiple photon maps on the target surface through multiple iterations, retrieves photon information near the observation point based on these photon maps, and thus obtains the radiance of the observation direction vector. This study evaluates the quality of rendered images using no-reference image quality assessment algorithms. The results demonstrate that this algorithm can enhance image rendering quality in specific imaging scenarios, consequently improving the accuracy of space target recognition. By comparing the calculated values of this algorithm with the theoretical radiance values for diffuse material, the accuracy of the radiance calculation results of this algorithm is verified, which can provide significant reference values for the selection of backend detectors.

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the modified lateral approach combined with the medial percutaneous approach (MLACMPA) versus the triceps tongue-shaped flap approach (TTSFA) and the bilateral triceps brachii approach (BTBA) in the treatment of irreducible displaced supracondylar humeral fractures (SHFs) in children. Between March 2000 and July 2022, a total of 135 children who underwent open reduction and Kirschner wire cross internal fixation for irreducible displaced SHFs caused by trauma were retrospectively analyzed. According to the surgical approach, the patients were assigned to the TTSFA group (n = 36), the BTBA group (n = 40) and the MLACMPA group (n = 59). The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, and elbow range of motion were compared. The 3 groups were similar in terms of mean age, sex distribution, and time from injury to operation. The duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, incision length and postoperative elbow range of motion in the MLACMPA group were significantly superior to those in the TTSFA group and BTBA group (P < .05). Compared the use of the TTSFA or the BTBA, using the MLACMPA for pin fixation in the treatment of irreducible displaced pediatric SHFs could significantly shorten the duration of surgery, reduce the operation trauma, facilitate earlier functional exercise of joints after operation and yield better elbow function., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Background: The correlation between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)-related microvascular dysfunction (MVD) and plaque characteristics remains unclear. To investigate this correlation and its prognosis, we assessed changes in MVD by angiographic microvascular resistance (AMR) and intracoronary ultrasound scans after PCI., Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that enrolled 250 patients with coronary artery disease between July 2016 and December 2018. We collected demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, coronary angiography (CAG) and intracoronary ultrasound findings. We calculated quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and AMR by CAG. The endpoint was vessel-oriented composite outcomes (VOCOs)., Results: After 47 exclusions, we divided 203 cases into a deteriorated group (n=139) and an improved group (n=64) based on AMR change after PCI. Compared with the improved group, the deteriorated group had smaller lumen area [3.03 (interquartile range, 2.20-3.91) vs . 3.55 mm 2 (interquartile range, 2.45-4.57), P=0.033], higher plaque burden [78.92% (interquartile range, 73.95-82.61%) vs . 71.93% (interquartile range, 62.70-77.51%), P<0.001], and higher proportion of lipidic components (13.86%±4.67% vs . 11.78%±4.41%, P=0.024). Of 186 patients who completed 4.81±1.55 years follow-up, 56 developed VOCOs. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed post-PCI AMR and VOCOs correlation (area under the curve: 0.729, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed post-PCI AMR >285 mmHg·s/m correlated with adverse outcome (hazard ratio =4.350; 95% confidence interval: 1.95-9.703; P<0.001)., Conclusions: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and AMR revealed an association of post-PCI MVD with a smaller lumen area, more severe plaque burden, and a higher percentage of lipidic components. Post-PCI MVD was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-23-414/coif). JX received grants from the Hangzhou Agricultural and Social Development Scientific Research Project (No. 20220919Y066). JH received grants from Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62161160312) and Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program (No. 2020C03018). The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2023 Quantitative Imaging in Medicine and Surgery. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing cranioplasty with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials under different perioperative management schemes and summarize and describe a perioperative bundle to reduce patients' postoperative complications and improve patient outcomes., Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 69 patients who had undergone craniotomy with PEEK materials in the neurosurgery department of our hospital between June 2017 and June 2021. Patients who had received conventional treatment were defined as the conventional group (29 cases), and those who had received the improved scheme were defined as the improved group (40 cases). The early complications of the two groups were compared, and the long-term effects were observed., Results: The early total complication rates of the conventional and the improved groups were 55.2% and 32.5%, respectively, without any significant difference (P = 0.06), and the long-term complication rates were 24.1% and 7.5%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.112). The incidence of epidural effusion in the improved group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group, with no significant difference in the incidence of complications, such as intracranial pneumatosis, epidural hemorrhage, new seizures and intracerebral hemorrhage. There was no difference in long-term complications, such as seizures, incision infections, and implant exposure., Conclusion: Epidural effusion after cranioplasty with PEEK materials is common. This study's improved perioperative bundle can effectively reduce the occurrence of epidural effusion after skull repair., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All of the authors had no any personal, financial, commercial, or academic conflicts of interest separately., (Copyright © 2023 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Reasonable planning of the limited land resources can promote the coordinated development of social economic and ecological protection. It is very important to optimize the rational distribution of land resources in the arid inland river basin because of the scarce land. In this paper, the GIS technologies of spatial analysis, conversion of land use, and its effects at small regional extent (CLUE-S) and minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model were used to optimize the land allocation. The ecological security pattern (ESP) was constructed through using MCR model, which included ecological source and resistance surface. The dynamics of land use and spatial optimizing allocation of Shiyang River Basin in 2025 and 2030 was simulated under three different optimization scenarios including farmland protection scenario (FPS), free development scenario (FDS), and ecological security pattern scenario (ESPS). It was found that under ESPS, farmland was reduced, but woodland, grassland, and water body were increased significantly. Under FPS, land for construction was controlled effectively, a large part of homestead was converted into farmland, and the potential of unused land was developed vigorously. Furthermore, the current FDS and macro policy guidance should be comprehensively considered. The ESPS was more suitable for the scientific development of Shiyang River Basin on a long view. The combination of CLUE-S and MCR can effectively improve the optimization methods under ecological process and ecological resistance of landscape elements., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Metasurface-based vectorial holography can reconstruct images with different polarization states. However, the number of polarization channels in the holographic image is relatively small in traditional methods. Here, we propose and demonstrate a metasurface vectorial hologram which carries infinite polarization channels. It can independently control the holographic pattern and polarization distribution, which can be regarded as two independent storage dimensions. We use a supercell-based metasurface to independently control the complex amplitude of the left-handed circularly polarized and right-handed circularly polarized components of the transmitted light, which then superpose in the observation plane for the vectorial pattern generation. Different from most methods, our approach does not involve complex calculations, and it is suitable for far-field design. We anticipate that it may open avenues for future applications which require arbitrary intensity and polarization control.

Background and Aim: Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both single and mixed, and serum lipid levels is limited, and their relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to VOCs with serum lipid levels in the US adult population., Methods and Results: The study examined the association of 16 VOC levels (2-methylhippuric acid, 3- and 4-methylhippuric acid, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine. N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, mandelic acid, N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine, phenylglyoxylic acid and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine) with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2015, and a total of 1410 adults were enrolled. The association was evaluated by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. In BKMR analysis, exposure to VOCs is positively correlated with levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. However, statistical significance was observed only for the impact on TG. Our linear regression analysis and WQS regression generally support the BKMR results. Several VOCs were positively associated with serum lipid profiles (e.g., the ln-transformed level of mandelic acid (MA) displayed an increase in estimated changes of 7.01 (95% CIs: 2.78, 11.24) mg/dL for TC level), even after the effective number of tests for multiple testing (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Exposure to VOCs was associated with serum lipids, and more studies are needed to confirm these findings., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to formic acid using Bismuth catalysts is one the most promising pathways for industrialization. However, it is still difficult to achieve high formic acid production at wide voltage intervals and industrial current densities because the Bi catalysts are often poisoned by oxygenated species. Herein, we report a Bi 3 S 2 nanowire-ascorbic acid hybrid catalyst that simultaneously improves formic acid selectivity, activity, and stability at high applied voltages. Specifically, a more than 95% faraday efficiency was achieved for the formate formation over a wide potential range above 1.0 V and at ampere-level current densities. The observed excellent catalytic performance was attributable to a unique reconstruction mechanism to form more defective sites while the ascorbic acid layer further stabilized the defective sites by trapping the poisoning hydroxyl groups. When used in an all-solid-state reactor system, the newly developed catalyst achieved efficient production of pure formic acid over 120 hours at 50 mA cm -2 (200 mA cell current)., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

From building towers to picking an orange from a stack of fruit, assessing support is critical for successfully interacting with the physical world. But how do people determine whether one object supports another? In this paper, we develop a counterfactual simulation model (CSM) of causal judgments about physical support. The CSM predicts that people judge physical support by mentally simulating what would happen to a scene if the object of interest was removed. Three experiments test the model by asking one group of participants to judge what would happen to a tower if one of the blocks were removed, and another group of participants how responsible that block was for the tower's stability. The CSM accurately captures participants' predictions by running noisy simulations that incorporate different sources of uncertainty. Participants' responsibility judgments are closely related to counterfactual predictions: a block is more responsible when many other blocks would fall if it were removed. By construing physical support as preventing from falling, the CSM provides a unified account of how causal judgments in dynamic and static physical scenes arise from the process of counterfactual simulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The propagation of stress waves in the ultrasonic vibration grinding zone was studied and analyzed in this paper and the microscopic mechanism of ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding is clarified by combining the method of finite element analysis (FEA). The creation of an experimental platform for ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding allowed for a comparative experimental evaluation of radial ultrasonic vibration assisted grinding (RUVAG) and conventional grinding (CG). Experiments analysis show that: (a) Compared with conventional grinding, the alternating impact of stress waves in ultrasonic vibration grinding is beneficial to the propagation of microcracks and the removal of materials. Meanwhile, there is no burn on the machined surface, so the quality of the machined surface is better. (b) Under the alternating and superimposed action of stress waves, dislocation emission becomes difficult due to the suppressed thermal activation process. Therefore, the plastic deformation of the material is suppressed and reduced in the grinding zone, and the material is more likely to break than during conventional grinding. Therefore, compared with conventional grinding, both cracks and chips are easier to form in it.., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main histologic type of liver cancer. It accounts for the majority of all diagnoses and deaths due to liver cancer. The induction of tumor cell death is an effective strategy to control tumor development. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death caused by microbial infection, accompanied by activation of inflammasomes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). The cleavage of gasdermins (GSDMs) promotes the occurrence of pyroptosis leading to cell swelling, lysis, and death. Accumulating evidence has indicated that pyroptosis influences the progression of HCC by regulating immune-mediated tumor cell death. Currently, some researchers hold the view that inhibition of pyroptosis-related components may prevent the incidence of HCC, but more researchers have the view that activation of pyroptosis exerts a tumor-inhibitory effect. Growing evidence indicates that pyroptosis can prevent or promote tumor development depending on the type of tumor. In this review, pyroptosis pathways and pyroptosis-related components were discussed. Next, the role of pyroptosis and its components in HCC was described. Finally, the therapeutic significance of pyroptosis in HCC was discussed., (© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)