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Environmental chamber is widely used for testing the performance of the equipment with all kinds of natural ambient parameters. In this study, water droplet generated from ultrasonic humidifier is ascertained by laser diffraction measurement technology. The accurate droplet size and distribution is offered to CFD simulation as the initial condition. Humidity distribution with different initial conditions is studied by both experiment and CFD simulation. Comparisons show that the proposed CFD method can provide reliable results in simulation on the humidity distribution. The numerical and experimental results indicate that as the increase of inlet temperature, fluctuation of relative humidity (RH) at each point decrease with the time. Under the inlet condition with low-humidity, the deviation of average RH is decrease with inlet temperature. On the other hand, under the high-humidity condition, the difference of average RH is getting larger with the increase of inlet temperature. Compared with the mean value, the fluctuation of the humidity is big but the RH at measuring points is close to the inlet RH value under the inlet condition with low humidity.

The composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes supported by Cellulose acetate (CA) were prepared by pre-wetting method for the separation of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and acetone from water. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of operating parameters on the pervaporation performance and the results showed that the membranes exhibited high total permeation flux. A resistance-in-series model was applied to analyze the transport of the permeants. It was found that boundary-layer mass transfer coefficient was proportional to Re0.5 and increased exponentially with temperature. The membrane mass transfer coefficient conformed to Arrhenius correlation and was independent of flow status. The estimated diffusivities of alcohols in membrane had a magnitude order of 10−10 m2·s−1 under a wider range of temperature, which was identical with those reported in the literature.

This paper reports how to build a Chinese Grammatical Error Diagnosis system based on the conditional random fields (CRF). The system can find four types of grammatical errors in learners’ essays. The four types or errors are redundant words, missing words, bad word selection, and disorder words. Our system presents the best false positive rate in 2015 NLP-TEA-2 CGED shared task, and also the best precision rate in three diagnosis levels.

Targeted codelivery and controlled release of drug/siRNA (small interfering RNA) in a safe and effective vehicle hold great promises for overcoming drug resistance and optimal efficacy in cancer treatment; however, rational design and preparation of such vehicles remain a critical challenge. Thus, glyco-nanofibers (GNFs) are fabricated via supermolecular assembly of polyanionic siRNA and cationic vesicles to simultaneously deliver siRNA and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) in vitro and in vivo. The vesicles are created through self-assembly of a positively charged amphiphilic lactose derivative featuring a lactose moiety and a ferrocenium unit on either end of the molecule. The GNFs display excellent biocompatibility, enhanced cell-penetrating ability, and hepatoma targetability. The high transport efficiency of siRNA, effective gene silencing ability, and enhanced cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells of GNFs loaded with DOX are observed in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo experiments show reduced systemic toxicity and enhanced therapeutic efficacy of DOX to both HepG2 and HepG2/ADR subcutaneous tumor-bearing nude mice. This work proves the electrostatic self-assembly between cationic carbohydrates and polyanionic siRNA to be a convenient and effective strategy to fabricate a single vehicle for safe and effective codelivery of drug/siRNA, which can be used to combine chemo- and gene-therapy against cancers and other diseases.

Three novel compounds, (η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(2-fluoro-5-aminopyridine) (compound 1), (η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(5-amino-2-chlorpyridine) (compound 2) and (η6-p-cymene)RuCl2(2-bromo- 5-aminopyridine) (compound 3), were synthesized and characterized. The compound 1 and 3 were determined by X-ray diffraction, showing a distorted piano-stool type of geometry with similar bond lengths and angles around the ruthenium. Compound 2 exhibited moderate in vitro activity against A549 and MCF-7 human cancer cells, the other two lower activities. The UV–vis and fluorescent absorption titrations showed that three compounds binded with CT-DNA in a minor groove. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb) were calculated to be 2.13(±0.03) × 105 M−1, 2.89(±0.03) × 105 M−1 and 2.45(±0.03) × 105 M−1 for compound 1, 2 and 3, respectively, by using UV–vis absorption titrations data. Among the three compound, the highest value of intrinsic binding constant of compound 2 was consistent with its highest cytoxicity against A549 and MCF-7 human cancer cells in vitro.

This paper analyzes drivers' time choice behavior based on traffic records of expressways in Fujian Province. It was found that drivers tend to start their trips between 8a.m.-7p.m., when the travel time is less than 7 hours. They are apt to depart from 0-8 a.m. or 7-12p.m., when the travel time is between 8-15 hours. However, the drivers tend to start their trips according to their daily routine, when the travel time is more than 16 hours. With cumulative prospect theory as a tool, this study also proceeds to construct a model on the basis of the drivers' actual arrival time. The result shows that drivers prefer to arrive earlier rather than later than the anticipated arrival time. Furthermore, drivers find it more acceptable to be much earlier than the anticipated time than being slightly later than the anticipated time. Short distance drivers are more likely attempt to arrive near the anticipated time. KEY WORD: time choice behavior; travel time; cumulative prospect theory; anticipated arrival time

The article expounds the importance of the urban agglomeration, and analyzes the main characteristics of urban agglomeration in China. Combined with analysis of the urban agglomeration economic and social impact on traffic demand, the article analyses several practical problems on road transport in urban agglomeration area in China and puts forward the road transport development needs. The importance of urban agglomeration in China's economic and social development is growing. At present, a number of urban agglomerations(UAs) with various scopes and developing levels have been taking shape in China. There are three typical UAs in the three areas of the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and the capital metropolitan region, among which the UA in the Yangtze River Delta area (UA-YRD) has the characteristics of early start and high level of development. In 2011, the land area of the three UAs accounts for 4.7% of the national total, but the GDP of the three accounts for 37.7% of the national total, and their total import and export value accounts for 74.3%. Urban agglomeration is a key contributor to national urbanization process and is highlighted in the social economic development strategy of the government. At present, it has been realized that urban agglomeration has become an important choice of urbanization in China. It is clearly mentioned in the eleventh five-year plan that "urban agglomeration is the main form of urbanization". In the outlines of the 12th five-year plan it has been clear that the future development of China's urban agglomeration will form a pattern of "two horizontal and three vertical" urbanization strategy, to further accelerate the pace of urbanization in the country through urban agglomerations. This paper comprehensively analyzes current situation and some problems of road development in the UAs; furthermore, based on understanding of the process of UA future development, the paper put forward some suggestion.

To investigate the gene prevalence and spectrum of alpha- and beta-thalassemia in Fujian province.A total of 11 234 of neonatal cord blood samples were collected for a prevalence study of alpha- and beta-thalassemia. All subjects included in this study were registered in 9 cities of Fujian province. A complete blood count and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were performed in all samples, with microcytosis (MCV≤ 79 f1 and MCH≤ 27 pg) or HPLC positive cases further studied by DNA analysis. alpha- and beta-thalassemia were determined by using gap-PCR and reverse dot blot (RDB) assays. Unknown positive samples were analyzed directly with DNA sequencing.Of all 11 234 cord blood samples, 356 were identified as from alpha-thalassemia gene carriers, 7 deletion genotypes were identified including 236 (--SEA/ α α) cases, 67 (α 3.7/ α α) cases, 24 (alpha 4.2/alpha alpha) cases, 3 (alpha 3.7/ SEA) cases, 1 (alpha 4.2/ SEA) cases, 1 (alpha 3.7/ alpha 3.7) cases, 1 (alpha 3.7/ alpha 4.2) cases; 3 non-deletion genotypes were detected, including 7 (alpha alpha QS/ alpha alpha) cases, 3 (α α CS/α α) cases, 2 (α α WS/ α α) cases, the most common mutation was SEA/α α, which accounted for 66.29%, 148 individuals were found to have beta-hemoglobin gene mutations. 12 different mutations were identified, namely 65 IVS-2 654 (CT) cases, 40 CD41-42(-TCTT, 12 CD17(AT) cases, 10 -28(AG) cases,7 CD27-28(+C) cases, 5 start codon ATGAGG cases, 2 CD26(GA) cases, 1 CD71-72(+A) cases, 1 IVS-1-1(GT) cases, 1 CD43(GT) cases, 2 -29(AG) cases, 2 Codon 36 (-C) cases, the most common mutation was IVS-2 654(CT) and CD41-42(-TCTT), which accounted for 70.95%. A novel beta-globin gene mutation CD36 (-C) allele was also detected. The carrier rate of thalassemia in Fujian population is 4.41%. In addition, 9 beta-thalassemia carriers were found with alpha-thalassemia mutation.The research has revealed the type of gene mutations in alpha- and beta-talassemia in Fujian province. The beta-thalassemia mutations in Fujian province are complex, which were also obviously heterogeneous. This will significant value for screening the incidence, provide the valuable information for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis.

Textual Entailment (TE) is a critical issue in natural language processing (NLP); many NLP applications can be benefited from the recognition of textual entailment (RTE). In this paper we report our observation on how to improve the Chinese textual entailment system and the experiment results on the NTCIR-10 RITE-2 dataset. To complement the traditional machine learning approach, which treat every input pair equally with the same features and the same process, our system classify different entailment cases and treat them separately. The experiment results show great improvement.

B3LYP/DZP(Lanl2dz) study of Fe(CO)n(CE)2 (E = S, Se, Te; n = 4, 3) suggests that the Fe(η2-E–C) structures are energetically preferred for singlet Fe(CO)4(C2E2) and triplet Fe(CO)3(C2E2). The tendency for coupling reactions of CE ligands to form C2E2 ligands by carbon–carbon bond formation increases in the sequence S < Se < Te.

The present engineering practices show the potential that epoxy asphalt composites (EACs) would be a better choice to obtain long life for busy roads. To understand the service performance–related thermorheological properties of prepared bimodal anhydrides-cured rubber-like EACs (REACs), a direct tensile tester, dynamic shear rheometer and mathematical model were used. Tensile tests demonstrate that all the REACs reported here are more flexible than previously reported anhydrides-cured REACs at both 20 and 0 °C. The better flexibility is attributed to the change of bimodal networks, in which cross-linked short chains decreased and cross-linked long chains increased, relatively. Strain sweeps show that all the REACs have linear viscoelastic (LVE) properties when their strains are smaller than 1.0% from −35 to 120 °C. Temperature sweeps illustrate that the thermorheological properties of REACs evolve from thermosetting to quasi-thermosetting with asphalt content, and all the REACs retain solid state and show elastic properties in the experimental temperature range. A Cole–Cole plot and Black diagram indicate that all the REACs are thermorheologically simple materials, and the master curves were constructed and well-fitted by the Generalized Logistic Sigmoidal models. This research provides a facile approach to tune the thermorheological properties of the REACs, and the cheaper quasi-thermosetting REAC facilitates their advanced applications.

To investigate the function of VEGF pathway in promoting angiogenesis with Xuefu Zhuyu Tang (XFZYT).Serum pharmacology technique was adopted to treat endothelial cells ECV304 with XFZYD containing serum and blank serum with concentrations of 1.25%, 2.5% and 5%. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, boyden chamber migration assay and in vitro vessel formation assay were used to test endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis capacities. ELISA, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR were used to detect secretion and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2).XFZYT-CS with a concentration of 1.25% only affected angiogenesis capacity in vitro. XFZYT-CS with a concentration of 2. 5% promoted cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis capacities and significantly increased VEGF level and VEGF/VEGFR2 expressions. XFZYT-CS with a concentration of 5% only up-regulated intracellular VEGF expression and thereby improving endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis.XFZYT can induce endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis by up-regulating VEGF-VEGFR2 pathway, which partially proves its angiogenesis effects.

To explore the relationship between gene polymorphism of GABAA receptors and childhood autism by detecting rs140682, rs2081648 and rs140679 site of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in GABAA receptors gene.A total of 94 children with autism and 124 normal children were enrolled in a hospital from November 2010 to May 2011. Childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were used to evaluate or investigate the case group. After collecting venous blood and extracting the genome DNA, the allele and genotype of SNP rs140682, rs2081648 and rs140679 site in GABAA receptors gene were detected by PCR-RFLP. The allele and genotype of case group and control group were analyzed by χ(2) test, while the score of scales was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.The age of the case group was 5.12 ± 0.32, and it was 5.25 ± 0.27 in the control group (P0.05). In case group, the frequency of genotype CC, CT and TT of rs140682 site was 44, 41 and 9, while it was 48, 65, and 11 in control group (P0.05), respectively. The frequency of genotype AA, AG and GG of rs2081648 site was 8, 58 and 28 in case group, while it was 12, 49 and 63 in control group (P0.05), respectively. In case group, the frequency of genotype CC, CT and TT of rs140679 site was 15, 36 and 43, while it was 18, 59 and 47 in control group (P0.05), respectively. It was revealed by Spearman rank correlation analysis that of rs2081648 site, there was a positive correlation between genotype AG and sensation factor (S), social intercourse factor (R), and language factor (L) of autism behavior checklist (ABC) (r values were 0.149, 0.165 and 0.155, all P values0.05). A negative correlation between genotype GG and S, R, L and self-help factor (V) was proved (r values were -0.140, -0.173, -0.158 and -0.135, all P values0.05). There was a positive correlation between allele A and R and L factors (r values were 0.153 and 0.137, all P values0.05), while a negative correlation between allele G and R and L factors (r values were -0.153 and -0.137, all P values0.05). In case group, 42 children were diagnosed with mild-to-moderate autism, while 52 children were severe autism. There was no statistically significant correlation between allele or genotype of SNP rs140682 and rs140679 site and the degree of autism (P0.05). There was a positive correlation between allele A and genotype AG and the degree of autism (r values were 0.147 and 0.616, all P values0.05), while a negative correlation between allele G and genotype GG and the degree of autism (r values were -0.159 and -0.616, all P values0.05).The SNP rs2081648 site which located in GABAA receptors gene may be related to autism. No evidence for significant association between rs140682 and rs140679 site and autism was found.

In this paper, we describe how we improve our system for Chinese Textual Entailment Recognition by a monolingual machine translation system. Previously, our approach is based on the standard supervised learning classification. We integrate the result of monolingual machine translation system with the other available computational linguistic resources of Chinese language processing to build the system for the natural language processing application. We observed the training corpus and list all possible features. The features include surface text, semantic and syntactical information, such as POS tagging, synonym substitution, and dependency relation. The annotated data is used in training statistical models and build the classifier for the Binary-class Chinese textual Entailment Recognition task. The experiment result shows that the monolingual machine translation technology can improve the system performance in both 10-fold cross validation and open test.

This paper describes a new method of constructing a saliency map that can be used in object finding for a robot vision system. A saliency map shows the weight of each pixel in an image. The weights represent the probability of the location of a given object. Traditionally, a saliency map is constructed based on the analysis of the image color features of the RGB color space. We redefine the saliency map of an image on the HSL color space, which makes our method more robust under a wide range of luminance. Experimental results show that the range can cover most cases in everyday life. Thus, the system can successfully find objects under different conditions and various light sources.

The association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has not been adequately explored in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. This study aimed to investigate MetS' prevalence and its impact on the CVD incidence in this specific population group.A data set of a community-based prospective cohort study was analyzed. A total of 2300 subjects aged 40-94 years were followed up for the CVD events. MetS defined according to the JCDCG criteria was assessed at baseline, and the middle-aged and elderly groups were classified by the WHO definition.As compared with the middle-aged group, the prevalence of MetS increased by 0.6 times (34.6% vs. 21.3%) and the incidence density of CVD increased by 4.9 times in the elderly group (52.3/1000 person-year vs. 8.9/1000 person-year). Furthermore, the multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk to CVD incidence was independently related to increased waist circumference in the middle-aged group (HR=2.23, P0.01) and to elevated blood glucose in the elderly group (HR=1.39, P0.01).MetS was highly prevalent in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. MetS significantly increased the risk to CVD incidence in the elderly. All individuals with metabolic disorders should receive active clinical care to reduce the incidence of CVD.

In view of the increasing demand of recognition system for paper currency number, to develop a type of number recognition system based on CIS and DSP. The hardware is composed of CIS and DSP which control image acquisition and process. The software is composed of image acquisition, character correction and recognition. To recognize character with noise pollution rapidly and accurately, a novel approach for character feature extraction based on statistics and fuzzy membership is proposed, and applied in RBF neural network. The experiment shows that the recognition system runs stably and accurately, the collected image shows clearly. The system runs with highly exact rate on number recognition.

The management of cold storage chain is an important part of the management of supply chain and logistics. The development of Chinese cold storage chain logistics is relatively backward, which affects the food industry seriously. Cold store play an important role in cold storage chain logistics. The field flow is the key technological parameter in cold store. A three dimensional mathematical model is established to study the flow field distribution inside a cold store. And the results are testified by experiments. Both the flow field characteristics and the effect of flow field on food storage are revealed. The results will provide an important help on the technical management of cold storage chain logistics in China.

To observe the influence of time factors on acupoint sticking therapy for preventing and treating bronchial asthma.Seventy-one cases were randomly divided into a dog days group (n= 30), a Sanjiu days group (n=21) and a daily days group (n=20). They were all treated with ginger moxibustion plus acupoint sticking of Chinese medicine at Dazhui (GV 14) and Feishu (BL 13) etc. This treatment was applied once at the beginning of the first dog days, the middle dog days and the last dog days respectively in the dog days group, and once at the beginning of the first nine days, the middle nine days and the last nine days in coldest days of winter respectively in the Sanjiu days group, and once every other 10 days during 30 days except the dog days or the Sanjiu days in the daily days group. Their therapeutic effects and quality of life and changes of serum level of interleukin 13 (IL-13) were observed.The total effective rate of the dog days group was 83.3% (25/30), the Sanjiu days group and the daily days group were 61.9% (13/21) and 65.0% (15/20) respectively, with no significant differences among three groups (all P0.05). After treatment, there were no significant differences in quality of life and changes of serum level of IL-13 among three groups, but there were significant differences between before and after treatment (P0.01, P0.001).Acupoint sticking is an effective therapy for bronchial asthma. It can be practiced in the whole year for the result of this study that medicines and acupoints are the leading factors of this therapy and the time factors have no influence on therapeutic effect.

Channel estimation is an important technical issue in mobile communication system, the performance and capacity of mobile communication system are directly influenced by the speed and precision of channel estimation. This paper introduced the definition and the method currently existed of channel estimation firstly, and then proposed a method based on the probability of gain difference by the feature analysis of mobile wireless fading channel. This method has the virtue of high speed, low complexity and strong real time character to environment.

To study the effect of inactivated and un-inactivated pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Chinese herbs Qianggubao decoction on the proliferation of osteoblast cells (OB)cultured in vitro.OB was isolated from the skull of newly born SD rats aged 1 to 2 days by means of Trypsin-collagenase digestion and identified by image analysis under inverted microscope, V-G collagen staining, ALP staining, calcification nod staining etc. After the OB was identified, in activated and un-inactivated pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Qianggubao decoction of ferent phase (rats were fed with medicine 3 days or 5 days after last fed with medicine 1 hour or 3 hours) and concentration (5%, 10%, 20%) were added to the OB and incubated. After determined times, the effects of the proliferation of osteoblasts were detected by MTT analysis.There was significant difference between un-inactivated pharmaco-serum and inactivated pharmaco-serum on the proliferation of osteoblasts, and un-inactivated serum had stronger effects to improve the proliferation of osteoblasts (P0.01 or P0.05).Un-inactivated and inactivation pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Chinese herbs Qianggubao decoction can influence the proliferation of, and the un-inactivated pharmaco-serum has stronger effects.

To investigate the optimum phase and dose of pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Qianggubao decoction ([Chinese characters: see text]) on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast (OB). METHODS (OB) was isolated from the skull of 10 newly born SD rats aged 1 to 2 days by means of Trypsin-collagenase digestion. After the OB was identified, different kinds of pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with inactive Qianggubao decoction ([Chinese characters: see text]) of different phase (rats were fed with medicine three days or five days after last fed with medicine one hour or three hours) and concentration (5%, 10%, 20%) were added to the OB and incubated. After 7 days and 18 days of culture,the effects of the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast were detected.The secretion of ALP and formation of mineralized nodules of osteoblast in the different doses of pharmaco-serum groups were almost the same as that of normal control group, but were superior to that in the model control group. And the group with concentration of 20% pharmaco-serum was the best in the secretion of ALP and formation of mineralized nodules of osteoblast. As to the phases of pharmaco-serum, the best one on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast was the serums from diabetic rat-model fed with Qianggubao decoction ([Chinese characters: see text]) three days or five days, after one hour of last fed with medicine.The pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Qianggubao decoction ([Chinese characters: see text]) can promote the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast. Allow for time and the cost of experiment,we presume that pharmaco-serum of diabetic rats fed with Qianggubao decoction ([Chinese characters: see text]) three days, after one hour of last fed, with concentration of 20% and not-inactivation is the optimum on the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblast.

To explore the protection on apoptosis and the mechanism of promoting the cytoactive of osteoblast by Morinda Root Polysaccharide through the observations of the cultured osteoblast in vitro.Prepared blood serum with Morinda Root Polysaccharide and Morinda Root aqueous extract and cultured Osteoblast in vitro with it. The second generation osteoblasts in vitro were separated from the cranium of 24-hours newborn SD rat, which were divided into control group (adding only rat serum during cultivation), induction apoptosis group (adding trans-retinoic acid in control group), Morinda Root aqueous extract group (adding serum prepared by Morinda Root aqueous extract in induction apoptosis group) and Morinda Root Polysaccharide group (adding serum prepared by Morinda Root Polysaccharide in induction apoptosis group). Adopting fluorescence microscope, apoptosis detected by flow cytometry and gene expression of Bcl-2 and Bax detected by RT-PCR, to evaluate the effect of Morinda Root Polysaccharide on the course of osteoblast apoptosis.The apoptotic rate of Morinda Root aqueous extract group and Morinda Root Polysaccharide group were significantly lower than that of induction apoptosis group (P0.01). The apoptosis ratio of Morinda Root Polysaccharide group was lower than that of Morinda Root aqueous extract group (P0.05). Expression level of Bcl-2 mRNA of apoptosis cell: control groupMorinda Root Polysaccharide groupMorinda Root aqueous extract groupinduction apoptosis group (P0.01). Expression level of Bax mRNA: induction apoptosis groupMorinda Root aqueous extract groupcontrol groupMorinda Root Polysaccharide group (P0.01). Bcl-2/Bax: control groupMorinda Root Polysaccharide groupMorinda Root aqueous extract groupinduction apoptosis group (P0.01).Morinda Root can inhibit the apoptosis of osteoblast induced by trans-retinoic acid in some extent. The above role of Morinda Root Polysaccharide is significant better than that of Morinda Root aqueous extract. It is indicated that Morinda Root Polysaccharide is one of the essential component of inhibiting osteoblast apotosis.

A fully informed particle swarm optimization (FIPSO) is adopted to synthesize the shaped beam for nonuniformly spaced linear array (NUSLA) antennas, the element positions, amplitudes and phases of the excitation coefficients of which are treated as design parameters. For a 24-element antenna, a cosecant-square pattern is obtained with a small ripple and low sidelobe level (LSLL).

The protonation and deprotonation phenomena and molecular association of solute molecule with water via intermolecular hydrogen bonding forming various hydration compounds are very common in aqueous solution and in biological cell in nature. In the aqueous solution, more complicated type of hydrogen bond, hydrogen-bonding rings, various kinds of hydration compounds (hydrates), and even hydrogen-bonding network can be expected. The nature of hydrogen bonding, the bonds networking, the rule in architecture of larger hydration compounds, deprotonation of acetic acid in solution, stability of the hydrated proton, and the local structure of its aqueous solution are the most fundamental problems to understanding solute molecule living style in aqueous solution. Hydrogen-bonding rings and network in the multi-hydrates of acetic acid monomer have been investigated by ab initio calculations, and ab initio molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations on acetic acid monomer–water system were also performed to explore the local structure of acetic acid aqueous solution. More than hundreds of multi-hydrates have been selected as candidates during our calculations. The structural optimizations and energy calculations have been performed at the MP2/6-31+g (d, p) and MP4/6-31+g (d, p) levels which are adequate for our large hydrates calculations with reliable results and reasonable cost as we stated in the Section 2. The most stable structure of the smallest hydration compound of acetic acid monomer, i.e., acetic acid water dimer, has a four-membered head-on ring with the smallest dipole moment. To verify the existence of it, the infrared spectra experiment data were collected in the dilute CCl 4 /HAc and CCl 4 /H 2 O ratio condition. The hydroxyl (O–H) stretching vibrations in molecules of water, acetic acid, and the dimer are distinguished, for the dissolved species are isolated from each other by surrounded solvent molecules CCl 4 . The calculated and measured vibration frequencies are almost lain in line with 0.872 scaling. The four-, five-, and six-membered head-on rings are the most favorable in the small multi-hydrates with a stable planar structure and the side-on ring with a weak hydrogen-bonding interaction of C − H ⋯ O w − H . The six-membered ring is most important in the large multi-hydrates and in the local structure of dilute solution also verified by our CPMD simulations. A larger ring of or more than seven-membered could no longer maintain the planar structure. Larger multi-hydrates of acetic acid monomer could be constructed from these basic building blocks. The strength order for the five kinds of bonds is in the descending order as C – O – H ⋯ O w – H > O w – H ⋯ O w – H > C = O ⋯ H – O w > O w – H ⋯ O a – H >> C – H ⋯ O w – H . The three hydroxyl bonds O–H in the hydrated proton could be divided into two types: one of the hydroxyl bonds is hydrogen bonded to the deprotonated oxygen of the acetic acid, other two to waters in the hydrate. The larger the R O – H becomes, the smaller the R O ⋯ H and the stronger the associated hydrogen bond are. The hydrated proton is stable and liberated from the deprotonated acetic acid in the large multi-hydrate with more complicit head-on ring. In small hydrates, the protonating hydrogen is shared partly by the acetic acid.

To investigate the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) on the number, phenotype, cell cycle and colony formation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in mice.Kunming mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group, the low- (3.25 g/kg), middle- (6.5 g/kg) and high-dose (13.0 g/kg) XFZYD groups. After they were medicated by gastrogavage respectively with saline or corresponding dose of XFZYD for 7 days, their bone marrow HSC were separated and counted. The phenotype Sca and cell cycle of HSC were detected by flow cytometer, and the colony formation was determined with semisolid methyl media culture.No obvious difference in the number of mononuclear cell, suspended cell and colony production was found among all the groups (P0.05); while the expression of CD34 and Sca-1 increased in the low-dose XFZYD group, but in the middle-dose XFZYD group increase only showed in Sca-1 expression.XFZYD plays a role of removing blood stasis and promoting regeneration through improving hematopoietic function by means of increasing the number and enhancing the function of premature HSC.

Objective: We used the SD rat's bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured in vitro to observe the effects of Bugu Mixture on the apoptosis and to explore the molecular biologic mechanism of the treatment of osteoporosis with Bugu Mixture. Methods: BMSCs were separated from the bones of the extremities of SD rats in vitro. The morphologic changes, the apoptosis cell cycles, the mitochondrion membrane potential changes, and the Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression were observed, and the effects of Bugu Mixture on the course of cell apoptosis were evaluated. Results: The earlier use of Bugu Mixture could decrease the cells blocked in G0/G1 phase, and promote their synthesis of DNA in S phase. The expression of Bcl-2 was higher in the Bugu Mixture group than that in the all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) induced group, and the expression of Bax was lower in the Bugu Mixture group than that in the ATRA induced group. The mitochondrion membrane potential descended significantly in the Bugu Mixture group than that in the ATRA induced group. Conclusion: The mechanism of the treatment of osteoporosis with Bugu Mixture is that the earlier use of Bugu Mixture can decrease the amount of apoptostic cells induced by ATRA, thus promoting the cell mitosis and restraining the apoptosis. It can also act as a protector to Bcl-2 located on the mitochondrion membrane. By preventing the transferring of the Bax protein from cell-plasm to mitochondrion membrane, it takes the advantage of Bcl-2 in forming Bcl-2/Bax homodimer so as to prevent the opening of the permeability transition pore to avoid the changing of mitochondrion membrane potential and the destruction of biosynthesis caused by the mitochondrion release of apoptosis inducing factors and to reach the objective of restraining apoptosis.

To investigate the relationship among inflammatory reaction and cytokine levels, nitric oxide (NO) content in aqueous humor after intraocular lens implantation.Eighteen New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups (each 6 rabbits): (1) control group, (2) extracapsular cataract extraction group (ECCE) and (3) ECCE and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation group (ECCE + IOL). The inflammation of all experimental rabbit eyes were observed by a zoom-photo slit-lamp microscope 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days postoperatively, including corneal edema and anterior chamber exudation. Meanwhile, aqueous humor was drawn for white blood cell (WBC) count and classification, as well as for NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) and cytokine assays, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Statistics were taken by SPSS software.(1) The anterior chamber exudation was the most serious and monocyte/macrophage in aqueous humor were the highest in ECCE + IOL group in postoperative 7 - 14 days. (2) The levels of IL-2, TNF-alpha and the content of NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) in aqueous humor of ECCE + IOL group were higher than that in ECCE group and control group in the postoperative 1 - 14 days respectively, and they increased to their peak values at the postoperative 3 - 7 days and decreased gradually after postoperative two weeks. (3) The change regularity of IL-2, TNF-alpha, NO(2)(-)/NO(3)(-) and inflammatory reaction in each group were basically similar, i.e. the more serious the reaction, the higher the levels of the contents.The intraocular inflammation after intraocular lens implantation is closely related to the changes of cytokine levels and NO content in aqueous humor.

In this study, fusion of Landsat TM, SPOT and ERS SAR Images were done, and then an orthphotomap of the fusion image of Landsat TM453 and SPOT panchromatic image of Yunyang area, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region was made, which is in 1:50000 scale and up to an international standard of topographic map. With the orthphotomap, many new geological structures and disasters were identified and positioned. The biggest landslide in the Yangtze River region-JIPAZI landslide was digitized. 3D quantitatively analyzing patterns for surveying landslides and rockfalls were established with RS, GIS and GPS techniques. Through phase- separation analysis of remote sensing information field and quantitative processing of the linear structures, the relationship between geological disasters and crack structures was found out. Finally, with a synthetic analysis, these landslides and rockfalls probably to stop up river water and their environmental influence were predicted.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.