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220. Development of an Integrated Solar-Biomass Energy System for Near-Zero Energy Buildings: A Technical and Environmental Study

Author

Karkon Ehsan, Liravi Mohammad, Georges Laurent, Li Jinping, and Novakovic Vojislav

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

The present study aims to satisfy the energy demands of a set of Norwegian residential structures with the least carbon dioxide and most renewable energy. Real-time data on building domestic hot water (DHW), heating, and electricity usage is used to plan and expand the renewable energy supply side. PVT panels provide DHW and electricity in the hybrid solar and biomass energy system. Heat is produced by the digester and heat pump. Also used is a twofold effect absorption refrigeration system for cooling. Rule-based regulation manages heat streams and redirects flows on the supply side. We provide the plant's size and execute the dynamic energy simulation. Electricity and biomass expenses determine building heating. The system is then tuned for operational conditions and compared to the design point. PVT may generate over 80% of annual DHW. Summertime radiation is more intense and can be turned into cooling energy, therefore 64.8% of cooling output comes from it. Digester/CC heats 66.55% of the structure, suggesting designers use biomass in winter due to increased energy costs. A parametric analysis shows that increasing PVT duration and tank size affects efficiency and emissions differently. Cost, efficiency, and emission index at TOPSIS are 9.73 $/hr, 36.8%, and 7.75 kg/MWh, according to optimization findings.

Published
2024
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222. The First-principles Study on the Mechanics, Optical and Phonon Properties of Carbon Chains

Author

Li, Jinping, Meng, Songhe, Lu, Hantao, and Tohyama, Takami

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, 81V99
Abstract

The two kinds of carbyne, i.e., cumulene and polyyne, are investigated by the first principles, where the mechanical properties, electronic structure, optical and phonon properties of the two carbynes are calculated. The results on the crystal binding energy and the formation energy show that polyyne is more stable and harder than cumulene, and both are difficult to be synthesized from diamond or graphite. The tensile stiffness, bond stiffness and Young's modulus of cumulene are 94.669 eV/{\AA}, 90.334GPa and 60.62GPa, respectively; while the corresponding values of polyyne are 94.939eV/{\AA}, 101.42GPa and 60.06GPa, respectively. The supercell calculation shows that carbyne is the most stable at N=5, where N is the supercell number. It indicates that the carbon chain with 10 atoms is the most stable. The calculation on the electronic band structure shows that cumulene is conductor, while polyyne is semiconductor with a band gap as 0.37eV. The dielectric function of carbynes varies in different direction, consistent with the one dimensional nature of the carbon chains. In the phonon dispersion of cumulene there are imaginary frequencies with the lowest value down to -3.817THz, which indicates that cumulene could be unstable at room temperature and normal pressure., Comment: 21 pages, 17 figures

Published
2018
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234. Optimized Negative-Staining Protocol for Lipid–Protein Interactions Investigated by Electron Microscopy

Author

Liu, Jianfang, Wu, Hao, Huang, Changyu, Lei, Dongsheng, Zhang, Meng, Xie, Wei, Li, Jinping, and Ren, Gang

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Biological Sciences, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Crystallography, X-Ray, Electron Microscope Tomography, Lipids, Lipoproteins, Membrane Proteins, Microscopy, Electron, Negative Staining, Proteins, Lipoprotein structure, Lipoprotein morphology, Electron microscopy, Optimized negative-staining protocol, Negative-staining electron microscopy, Other Chemical Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry
Abstract

A large number of proteins are capable of inserting themselves into lipids, and interacting with membranes, such as transmembrane proteins and apolipoproteins. Insights into the lipid-protein interactions are important in understanding biological processes, and the structure of proteins at the lipid binding stage can help identify their roles and critical functions. Previously, such structural determination was challenging to obtain because the traditional methods, such as X-ray crystallography, are unable to capture the conformational and compositional heterogeneity of protein-lipid complexes. Electron microscopy (EM) is an alternative approach to determining protein structures and visualizing lipid-protein interactions directly, and negative-staining (OpNS), a subset of EM techniques, is a rapid, frequently used qualitative approach. The concern, however, is that current NS protocols often generate artifacts with lipid-related proteins, such as rouleaux formation from lipoproteins. To overcome this artifact formation, Ren and his colleagues have refined early NS protocols, and developed an optimized NS protocol that validated by comparing images of lipoproteins from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). This optimized NS protocol produces "near native-state" particle images and high contrast images of the protein in its native lipid-binding state, which can be used to create higher-quality three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction by single-particle analysis and electron tomography (e.g. IPET). This optimized protocol is thus a promising hands-on approach for examining the structure of proteins at their lipid-binding status.

Published
2019

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