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El objetivo de la investigación se centró en identificar parcelas cacaoteras con presencia de glifosato y 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético; así como cuantificar estas moléculas en suelos, hojas y granos fermentados secos de cacao en 16 zonas productoras de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) en la región San Martín. Las muestras se analizaron mediante cromatografía líquida de ultra alta resolución (UHPLC). Encontrándose concentraciones de glifosato en suelos entre 0,1751 y 0,5925 ppm; por su parte en hojas de cacao se encontraron concentraciones entre 0,0015 y 0,2639 ppm. En granos secos fermentados de cacao se obtuvieron valores de glifosato entre 0,0427 y 0,5518 ppm. En lo referente a valores de 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, los suelos presentaron concentraciones desde 0,2248 hasta 0,7201 ppm; mientras que en hojas se reportaron valores entre 0,0011 y 0,3307 ppm. En granos secos de cacao la cuantificación fue desde 0,0708 hasta 0,6491 ppm. Se estableció que existen contrastes significativos (p < 0,05) entre las cantidades de glifosato y 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético en suelos, hojas y granos secos de cacao. Afinando que los valores de glifosato y 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético encontrados en granos secos de cacao en el 93,75% de las parcelas superan los LMR que dicta la NTS No 128-2016/MINSA/DIGESA que es de 0,1 ppm para dichos analitos.

Abstract Despite the advent of numerous targeted therapies in clinical practice, anthracyclines, including doxorubicin (DOX), continue to play a pivotal role in breast cancer (BC) treatment. DOX directly disrupts DNA replication, demonstrating remarkable efficacy against BC cells. However, its non-specificity toward cancer cells leads to significant side effects, limiting its clinical utility. Interestingly, DOX can also enhance the antitumor immune response by promoting immunogenic cell death in BC cells, thereby facilitating the presentation of tumor antigens to the adaptive immune system. However, the generation of an adaptive immune response involves highly proliferative processes, which may be adversely affected by DOX-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, understanding the impact of DOX on dividing T cells becomes crucial, to deepen our understanding and potentially devise strategies to shield anti-tumor immunity from DOX-induced toxicity. Our investigation focused on studying DOX uptake and its effects on human lymphocytes. We collected lymphocytes from healthy donors and BC patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Notably, patient-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) promptly internalized DOX when incubated in vitro or isolated immediately after NAC. These DOX-treated PBMCs exhibited significant proliferative impairment compared to untreated cells or those isolated before treatment initiation. Intriguingly, among diverse lymphocyte sub-populations, CD8 + T cells exhibited the highest uptake of DOX. To address this concern, we explored a novel DOX formulation encapsulated in ferritin nanocages (FerOX). FerOX specifically targets tumors and effectively eradicates BC both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, only T cells treated with FerOX exhibited reduced DOX internalization, potentially minimizing cytotoxic effects on adaptive immunity. Our findings underscore the importance of optimizing DOX delivery to enhance its antitumor efficacy while minimizing adverse effects, highlighting the pivotal role played by FerOX in mitigating DOX-induced toxicity towards T-cells, thereby positioning it as a promising DOX formulation. This study contributes valuable insights to modern cancer therapy and immunomodulation.

Abstract Spatiotemporally congruent sensory stimuli are fused into a unified percept. The auditory cortex (AC) sends projections to the primary visual cortex (V1), which could provide signals for binding spatially corresponding audio-visual stimuli. However, whether AC inputs in V1 encode sound location remains unknown. Using two-photon axonal calcium imaging and a speaker array, we measured the auditory spatial information transmitted from AC to layer 1 of V1. AC conveys information about the location of ipsilateral and contralateral sound sources to V1. Sound location could be accurately decoded by sampling AC axons in V1, providing a substrate for making location-specific audiovisual associations. However, AC inputs were not retinotopically arranged in V1, and audio-visual modulations of V1 neurons did not depend on the spatial congruency of the sound and light stimuli. The non-topographic sound localization signals provided by AC might allow the association of specific audiovisual spatial patterns in V1 neurons.

As mortality relating to severe acute burn injury improves, patients are surviving longer into the critical care phase, which is commonly complicated by multisystem organ failure. Extracorporeal organ support (ECOS) represents a set of potential therapeutic technologies for managing patients with organ-specific complications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature, focusing on the use of continuous kidney replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal, and extracorporeal blood purification. Though promising, many of these technologies are in the early phases of implementation and are restricted to well-resourced medical systems, limiting their use in large scale casualty and austere scenarios.

Abstract Introduction Surgical intervention is the treatment of choice in patients with urachal carcinoma. Due to complications and to reduce hospital stay from open surgery, minimally invasive approaches are desirable. Nowadays, robotic‐assisted surgery has become increasingly popular, and robot‐assisted cystectomy can be performed in patients with urachal carcinoma with low complication rates. Methods We performed a systematic review to search for studies that evaluated patients who underwent robotic‐assisted surgery for urachal carcinoma. The outcomes of interest were the type of cystectomy performed, whether there was umbilicus resection, total operative time, console time, intraoperative complications, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications, time of hospitalisation, positive surgical margins and the presence of documented tumour recurrence. Results In this study, we evaluated three cohorts comprising a total of 21 patients. The median follow‐up period ranged from 8 to 40 months. Medium age was between 51 and 54 years, with a majority (63.1%) being male. One patient (5.2%) underwent a radical cystectomy, and 19 patients (94.7%) underwent to partial cystectomy. Umbilical resections were performed in all cases, and pelvic lymphadenectomy in 14 cases (73.6%). Recurrence occurred in three patients at a median of 17 months postoperation, two cases in the trocar insertion site. Additionally, there was one death, which was attributed to postoperative cardiovascular complications. Conclusion Robotic‐assisted partial cystectomy has a low incidence of adverse outcomes in patients with urachal carcinoma. Controlled studies, ideally randomised, are warranted to establish the comparative efficacy and safety of the robotic‐assisted cystectomy approach relative to open surgery.

El crecimiento de plantas, mayor rendimiento y calidad de frutos, son efectos positivos debido a la absorción de silicio (Si) y cloro (Cl), que contribuye a mitigar el estrés por factores bióticos o abióticos y recuperar el crecimiento de las plantas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer el efecto que producen las dosis de Si o Cl en variables morfométricas, calidad de producción y rendimiento del cultivo de pepino. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, cuatro repeticiones y diez tratamientos en plántulas: seis dosis de 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si o Cl, tres dosis con la relación volumen:volumen (v:v) de 20:20, 30:30 y 50:50 mg L-1 Si:Cl, más el testigo. En plantas trasplantadas en suelo, ya con cinco hojas verdaderas, los tratamientos fueron nueve: seis dosis de 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si o Cl, dos con la relación v:v de 20:20 y 30:30 mg L-1 Si:Cl, y el testigo. En plántulas de pepino ˈpickleˈ, la dosis alta de Cl fue más eficaz para incrementar el verdor de hojas y longitud del tallo; el tamaño de hojas fue superior en plántulas con la dosis alta de Si; mientras que las bajas dosis de Cl o Si ocasionaron mayor peso seco de raíces. En el cultivar ˈModanˈ el verdor no varió, la longitud del tallo fue superior con la dosis intermedia de Si, mientras que el tamaño de hojas se expresó mejor en plantas con la menor dosis de Si. Así que quizás la mayor cantidad de raíces, el contenido de clorofila y el área foliar influyeron para que el rendimiento más alto se expresara donde se fertilizó con Si o Cl, así como para que mejoraran la firmeza, SST y °Brix de los frutos.

Abstract Access to accurate spatio-temporal groundwater level data is crucial for sustainable water management in Chile. Despite this importance, a lack of unified, quality-controlled datasets have hindered large-scale groundwater studies. Our objective was to establish a comprehensive, reliable nationwide groundwater dataset. We curated over 120,000 records from 640 wells, spanning 1970-2021, provided by the General Water Resources Directorate. One notable enhancement to our dataset is the incorporation of elevation data. This addition allows for a more comprehensive estimation of groundwater elevation. Rigorous data quality analysis was executed through a classification scheme applied to raw groundwater level records. This resource is invaluable for researchers, decision-makers, and stakeholders, offering insights into groundwater trends to support informed, sustainable water management. Our study bridges a crucial gap by providing a dependable dataset for expansive studies, aiding water management strategies in Chile.

Abstract Background Frederico José de Santa-Anna Nery (1848–1901) was a Brazilian Baron who referred to himself as a "volunteer propagandist" for Brazil in Europe, serving as an immigration agent to publicize the living conditions in the Amazon region, advocating for its development and modernization at the end of the nineteenth century. Santa-Anna Nery’s most famous book is "Le Pays des Amazones" (The Lands of the Amazons), first published in 1885, which the author dedicated a chapter to introduce and report on the Amazonian useful plant species and its relationship with humans. The aim of this work is to understand the historical context and ethnobotanical value of the plant species in the Brazilian Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885) by Baron de Santa-Anna Nery, as well as to bring to light the historical importance of this very influential propagandist, who has been forgotten nowadays. Methods The original book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885), as well as the original 3rd edition and its translated version into Portuguese, was carefully analyzed and all information about plants was systematized, with botanical names being updated. Finally, using the scientific name of medicinal plants alone or in combination with their traditional use, a search was carried out in databases in order to indicate current pharmacological studies that provide evidence about the described traditional uses. Results A total of 156 plant species were identified in the book, although 132 species had their scientific names updated. These species belong to 45 different families, with Fabaceae and Arecaceae the most represented, and 109 plants are Brazilian native. Considering only the 36 medicinal plants, the main medicinal indications reported were astringent, purgative/laxative, stimulant and tonic, vermifuge, febrifuge, sudorific, emetic, diuretic and antidysenteric. Regarding other useful plants (non-medicinal), 97 species were cited for food, constructions and buildings, spices and condiments, ornaments and objects, carpentry, textile fibers, gums, oils, balms and essences, pigments and tanning, hunting and fishing. Conclusions When the book “Le Pays des Amazones” is analyzed from a timeless perspective, with a particular focus on historical ethnobotany, it is possible to observe the economic, social, and political importance of many useful plants for the Amazon at the end of the nineteenth century and how the relationship between local people, indigenous communities, and immigrants was established with plant biodiversity.

Esta investigación se enfoca en analizar la inclusión de la densidad léxica para la evaluación de productos literarios durante el proceso de enseñanza de la literatura a través del uso de la herramienta digital Voyant-Tools. Esta investigación busca explorar una alternativa para mejorar las competencias literarias en estudiantes que cursan la asignatura Literatura en el Colegio de Bachilleres de Tabasco en México. Durante el curso los estudiantes realizan producciones literarias en 3 sesiones didácticas, donde generan un corpus de texto. Los conjuntos de datos producto de los corpus resultantes fueron estudiados mediante el análisis digital de textos, a fin de obtener indicadores que permitan caracterizar la competencia literaria de los estudiantes en términos de densidad léxica y el número de palabras únicas mejor conocidas como types o tipos. Los resultados mostrados en esta investigación indican que, en el caso de la muestra seleccionada, la cantidad de palabras únicas son un mejor indicador tanto de la apropiación de léxico y como de la competencia literaria en los estudiantes en comparación con la densidad léxica.

Abstract Objective We aim to create a new score to predict postoperative overall survival in patients with nonmetastatic T3aN0 renal cell carcinoma. Methods We reviewed the clinical data of adult patients who underwent radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma between December 2007 and January 2022 in a single tertiary oncological institution. Clinical characteristics, clinical‐pathological staging and histopathological characteristics were analysed. Survival analyses were determined using the Kaplan–Meier curve. A nomogram was established using Cox proportional hazard regression to identify the prognostic factors affecting the overall survival. The area under the curve, calibration curves and decision curve analysis were used to evaluate prognostic efficacy. Results We analyzed 362 patients classified as pT3aN0M0 stage with a median follow‐up of 40 months. According to Cox univariate and multivariate analyses, weight loss greater than 5% in 6 months before surgery, stage V chronic kidney disease after radical nephrectomy, sarcomatoid pattern, and coagulative tumor necrosis were identified as predictors of overall survival. We developed a score and performed internal and external validation. The time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve value and calibration curve analysis showed good prediction ability of the score. The nomogram can effectively predict and stratify overall survival after radical nephrectomy in patients with pT3aN0M0 renal cell carcinoma. Conclusion Patients with pT3aN0MO renal cell carcinoma exhibited different characteristics, and those with unfavourable characteristics deserve greater attention during follow‐up. This nomogram provides an accurate prediction of overall survival after radical nephrectomy.

Incomplete species inventories for Antarctica represent a key challenge for comprehensive ecological research and conservation in the region. Additionally, data required to understand population dynamics, rates of evolution, spatial ranges, functional traits, physiological tolerances and species interactions, all of which are fundamental to disentangle the different functional elements of Antarctic biodiversity, are mostly missing. However, much of the fauna, flora and microbiota in the emerged ice-free land of the continent have an uncertain presence and/or unresolved status, with entire biodiversity compendia of prokaryotic groups (e.g. bacteria) being missing. All the available biodiversity information requires consolidation, cross-validation, re-assessment and steady systematic inclusion in order to create a robust catalogue of biodiversity for the continent.We compiled, completed and revised eukaryotic species inventories present in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems in Antarctica in a new living database: terrANTALife (version 1.0). The database includes the first integration in a compendium for many groups of eukaryotic microorganisms. We also introduce a first catalogue of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of prokaryotic biodiversity. Available compendia and literature to date were searched for Antarctic terrestrial and freshwater species, integrated, taxonomically harmonised and curated by experts to create comprehensive checklists of Antarctic organisms. The final inventories comprises 470 animal species (including vertebrates, free-living invertebrates and parasites), 306 plants (including all Viridiplantae: embryophytes and green algae), 997 fungal species and 434 protists (sensu lato). We also provide a first account for many groups of microorganisms, including non-lichenised fungi and multiple groups of eukaryotic unicellular species (Stramenophila, Alveolata and Rhizaria (SAR), Chromists and Amoeba), jointly referred to as "protists". In addition, we identify 1753 bacterial (obtained from 348117 ASVs) and 34 archaeal genera (from 1848 ASVs), as well as, at least, 14 virus families. We formulate a basic tree of life in Antarctica with the main lineages listed in the region and their “known-accepted-species” numbers.

Background/Objectives: Capsinoids are potential antioxidant agents capable of reducing oxidative damage and the resulting complications triggered by obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsinoids on adiposity and biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet for 27 consecutive weeks. After the characterization of obesity (week 19), some of the obese animals began to receive capsinoids (10 mg/kg/day) by orogastric gavage. Adiposity and comorbidities were assessed. In the heart, remodeling, injury, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined. Results: The treatment did not reduce obesity-induced adiposity but was efficient in reducing cholesterol levels. Capsinoid treatment did not cause a difference in heart and LV mass, despite having reduced troponin I concentrations. Furthermore, capsinoids did not reduce the increase in the advanced oxidation of protein products and carbonylated proteins caused by obesity in cardiac tissue. In addition, obese rats treated with capsinoids presented high levels of malondialdehyde and greater antioxidant enzyme activity compared to untreated obese rats. Conclusions: In conclusion, treatment with capsinoids increases antioxidative enzyme activity and prevents obesity-induced cardiac injury without positively modulating body fat accumulation and cardiac oxidative biomarkers.

Livestock production companies come under increasing responsibility to reduce their environmental impact, and thereby, the simultaneous decision-making of inventory replenishment and emissions reduction investment has become essential for ensuring sustainable development in the livestock farming business. This study investigates, for the first time, the best investment strategy for a livestock farming business under the carbon cap (CC) environmental legislation, taking into account both the edible and non-edible parts of slaughtering mature growing items (GIs) after procuring and feeding baby GIs. By fusing economic and environmental factors, this study aims to shed light on two crucial issues: (i) figuring out the appropriate level of investment needed for the farm to adhere to the CC environmental regulation; and (ii) evaluating the effect of the investment decision on the farm's expenses and emissions levels. To deal with these insights, a thorough analytical framework integrating mathematical modeling methodology, economic evaluation, and carbon accounting approaches is employed. By analyzing the interaction between the farm's emissions reduction investments and replenishment choices, the cost-effective investment level is determined that enables the farm to satisfy the carbon cap obligation while guaranteeing maximum operational efficiency. The results of this study have important ramifications for livestock farming businesses trying to make their way through the stringent CC emission law. The results indicate that in order to keep the business feasible when the cap of the CC guideline is low, the livestock-producing farm should give priority to investing in minimizing feed emissions and using cutting-edge manure treatment methods.

Air pollution is responsible for illness and death of millions of people worldwide annually and has strong impacts on the economy and society. Large cities typically have more robust and effective air quality monitoring coverage, however, less populated cities need to rely on monitoring via satellite data or low-cost sensors. Additionally, global and national study hotspots are megacities and highly industrialized regions, and the Southern Air Project aims to broaden the focus on the impact on populations in less populated areas. This article describes the initiatives of the Southern Air Project, aimed at providing data on air pollution and its health effects in small and medium-sized cities in southern Brazil. A significant portion of the air pollutant data used in the project originates from satellite information, low-cost sensors, passive samplers, and data provided by enterprises. These data have been used to understand the levels, dynamics and human health impacts of air pollutants in cities that do not have well-established monitoring networks and, consequently, are less studied. In addition to research initiatives, the project engages in community actions with the aim of informing about the risks of exposure to air pollution and the role of citizens in demanding quality air from public managers.

Introduction Mounting evidence indicates that an individual's humoral adaptive immune response plays a critical role in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that the efficiency of the response correlates with disease severity. The relationship between the adaptive immune dynamics in the lower airways with those in the systemic circulation, and how these relate to an individual's clinical response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are less understood and are the focus of this study. Material and methods We investigated the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in paired samples from the lower airways and blood from 27 critically ill patients during the first wave of the pandemic (median time from symptom onset to intubation 11 days). Measurements included clinical outcomes (mortality), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood specimen antibody levels, and BALF viral load. Results While there was heterogeneity in the levels of the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, we unexpectedly found that some BALF specimens displayed higher levels than the paired concurrent plasma samples, despite the known dilutional effects common in BALF samples. We found that survivors had higher levels of anti-spike, anti-spike-N-terminal domain and anti-spike-receptor-binding domain IgG antibodies in their BALF (p

SAR-CoV-2 es un tipo de coronavirus que causa una enfermedad denominada COVID-19, que ha sido la causa de una pandemia mundial. Alrededor de un 80% de los infectados son asintomáticos y el restante son casos moderados de sintomatología no especifica como malestar general, fiebre, mialgias, cefalea, rinorrea, tos seca y deposiciones líquidas. El índice de inmunidad-inflamación sistémica (IIIS) elevado, es predictor de mortalidad por COVID-19 severo. En estudios publicados se visualiza un 49,1% de los fallecidos tuvo afectación pulmonar mayor al 75%, y en los sobrevivientes sucedió en el 19,6% (RR: 1,54, p=0,001). Y cabe destacar que, no se conoce con exactitud como se correlacionan las múltiples vías de respuestas involucradas para la eliminación de las células infectadas. Las respuestas inmunitarias intervienen en gran manera en la infección, tanto la innata como la adaptativa. Existe una unión de SARS-CoV-2 con las células que expresan ACE2, como las células alveolares tipo2. Las manifestaciones clínicas producidas por el SARS-CoV-2 comprenden algunas células inmunitarias intervinientes como las células NK, linfocitos B, linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ en pacientes con condiciones moderadas y graves de COVID-19. Esta investigación consiste, en un estudio observacional, descriptico y de carácter retrospectivo en donde se enfoca la búsqueda de información en base de datos confiables; es una revisión bibliografía, sistémica y de metaanálisis sobre células inmunitarias mediadoras de la inflamación sistémica en pacientes con COVID-19. De esta manera, como objetivo principal de esta revisión, es exponer las características inmunitarias de las diferentes respuestas asociadas en la inflamación.

IMPORTANCE:. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has evolved through multiple phases in the United States, with significant differences in patient centered outcomes with improvements in hospital strain, medical countermeasures, and overall understanding of the disease. We describe how patient characteristics changed and care progressed over the various pandemic phases; we also emphasize the need for an ongoing clinical network to improve the understanding of known and novel respiratory viral diseases. OBJECTIVES:. To describe how patient characteristics and care evolved across the various COVID-19 pandemic periods in those hospitalized with viral severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). DESIGN:. Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness (SARI-PREP) is a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Foundation-funded, Society of Critical Care Medicine Discovery-housed, longitudinal multicenter cohort study of viral pneumonia. We defined SARI patients as those hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infection and an acute syndrome of fever, cough, and radiographic infiltrates or hypoxemia. We collected patient-level data including demographic characteristics, comorbidities, acute physiologic measures, serum and respiratory specimens, therapeutics, and outcomes. Outcomes were described across four pandemic variant periods based on a SARS-CoV-2 sequenced subsample: pre-Delta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and Omicron post-BA.1. SETTING:. Multicenter cohort of adult patients admitted to an acute care ward or ICU from seven hospitals representing diverse geographic regions across the United States. PARTICIPANTS:. Patients with SARI caused by infection with respiratory viruses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS:. Eight hundred seventy-four adult patients with SARI were enrolled at seven study hospitals between March 2020 and April 2023. Most patients (780, 89%) had SARS-CoV-2 infection. Across the COVID-19 cohort, median age was 60 years (interquartile range, 48.0–71.0 yr) and 66% were male. Almost half (430, 49%) of the study population belonged to underserved communities. Most patients (76.5%) were admitted to the ICU, 52.5% received mechanical ventilation, and observed hospital mortality was 25.5%. As the pandemic progressed, we observed decreases in ICU utilization (94% to 58%), hospital length of stay (median, 26.0 to 8.5 d), and hospital mortality (32% to 12%), while the number of comorbid conditions increased. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:. We describe increasing comorbidities but improved outcomes across pandemic variant periods, in the setting of multiple factors, including evolving care delivery, countermeasures, and viral variants. An understanding of patient-level factors may inform treatment options for subsequent variants and future novel pathogens.

RESUMO: Consta que certa feita, em 1833, o filósofo americano Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803- 1882) avistara no cemitério Père Lachaise, em Paris, um túmulo de um homem chamado Augusto Collignon, onde na laje tinha a seguinte inscrição: "tinha vivido para fazer o bem, e se formara para a virtude nos Ensaios de Montaigne". Filósofo francês do século XVI, Michel de Montaigne foi fortemente influenciado pelo pensamento helenista, onde extraiu que aceitar com naturalidade a morte é condição indispensável para uma vida prazerosa. Tendo como pano de fundo da sua filosofia reflexões sobre si mesmo e questões do cotidiano, podemos absorver dos seus ensaios, estilo literário do qual é precursor, ensinamentos ainda hoje atuais e interessantes para a instigante arte do bem viver, e é o que se pretende destacar neste artigo. Palavras-chaves: Montaigne, helenismo, ensinamentos, morte, vida, prazer.

IntroductionLipopolysaccharide-responsive and beige-like anchor (LRBA) is a scaffolding protein that interacts with proteins such as CTLA-4 and PKA, the importance of which has been determined in various cell types, including T regulatory cells, B cells, and renal cells. LRBA deficiency is associated with an inborn error in immunity characterized by immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. In addition to defects in T regulatory cells, patients with LRBA deficiency also exhibit B cell defects, such as reduced cell number, low memory B cells, hypogammaglobulinemia, impaired B cell proliferation, and increased autophagy. Although Lrba-/- mice do not exhibit the immunodeficiency observed in humans, responses to B cell receptors (BCR) in B cells have not been explored. Therefore, a murine model is for elucidating the mechanism of Lrba mechanism in B cells.AimTo compare and evaluate spleen-derived B cell responses to BCR crosslinking in C57BL6 Lrba-/- and Lrba+/+ mice.Materials and methodsSpleen-derived B cells were obtained from 8 to 12-week-old mice. Subpopulations were determined by immunostaining and flow cytometry. BCR crosslinking was assessed by the F(ab’)2 anti-μ chain. Activation, proliferation and viability assays were performed using flow cytometry and protein phosphorylation was evaluated by immunoblotting. The nuclear localization of p65 was determined using confocal microscopy. Nur77 expression was evaluated by Western blot.ResultsLrba-/- B cells showed an activated phenotype and a decreased proportion of transitional 1 B cells, and both proliferation and survival were affected after BCR crosslinking in the Lrba-/- mice. The NF-κB pathway exhibited a basal activation status of several components, resulting in increased activation of p50, p65, and IκBα, basal p50 activation was reduced by the Plcγ2 inhibitor U73122. BCR crosslinking in Lrba-/- B cells resulted in poor p50 phosphorylation and p65 nuclear localization. Increased levels of Nur77 were detected.DiscussionThese results indicate the importance of Lrba in controlling NF-κB activation driven by BCR. Basal activation of NF-κB could impact cellular processes, such as, activation, differentiation, proliferation, and maintenance of B cells after antigen encounter.

In the present investigation, we employ a novel and meticulously structured database assembled by experts, encompassing macrofungi field-collected in Brazil, featuring upwards of 13,894 photographs representing 505 distinct species. The purpose of utilizing this database is twofold: firstly, to furnish training and validation for convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with the capacity for autonomous identification of macrofungal species; secondly, to develop a sophisticated mobile application replete with an advanced user interface. This interface is specifically crafted to acquire images, and, utilizing the image recognition capabilities afforded by the trained CNN, proffer potential identifications for the macrofungal species depicted therein. Such technological advancements democratize access to the Brazilian Funga, thereby enhancing public engagement and knowledge dissemination, and also facilitating contributions from the populace to the expanding body of knowledge concerning the conservation of macrofungal species of Brazil.

IntroductionThis study examines the understudied historical evolution of the seafood value chain in southern Brazil by analysing newspaper articles from Santa Catarina state, published between 1855 and 2019.MethodsThrough a meticulous review of 598 selected articles, we reconstruct the development and transformation of small-scale fisheries (SSF) and their interaction with the emerging industrial fishing sector.Results and discussionOur findings highlight the central role of SSF in the seafood value chain, contributing significantly to production, processing, retail, and trade, despite increasing competition and challenges from industrial fishing and aquaculture. The analysis reveals shifts in fish species targeted, processing methods employed, market dynamics, and consumption patterns over time. Notably, the study uncovers the resilience and adaptability of SSF in maintaining their importance to local economies and food security, amidst technological, economic, and regulatory changes. Furthermore, it underscores the often-overlooked contributions of women in seafood value chains, advocating for their equitable recognition. By providing a comprehensive and multi-faceted historical perspective, this research can inform contemporary policy-making, aiming to foster more resilient, inclusive, and sustainable seafood value chains in Brazil.