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With the enlargement and intensification of oil storages, the technologies and equipment used in the tank farm are quite complicated. Hence, once any fire accident occurs, the domino effect may be triggered with catastrophic consequences. In order to reduce the impact of oil storage accidents on the surrounding personnel and environment, the model of safety barrier was established with the event tree and Bayesian network method by considering the performance of three types of safety barrier, including the active, passive, emergency and response measures, and the probability of the domino effect was evaluated quantitatively. The results show that: the multi-layer safety barriers can reduce the probability of domino effect by 3 to 7 orders of magnitude and the probability of the multi-level domino effect to a greater extent. Besides, the passive protection barrier is the most effective, followed by the emergency and response measures, and the active barrier is the least effective. Generally, the research results can provide some guidance for reducing the damage and impact of regional accidents in the areas where multiple devices are concentrated.

For CO2 transportation, as an intermediate link in the construction of large-scale carbon capture, utilization and storage projects, pipeline transportation is the preferred. Therefore, the economic evaluation model of CO2 pipeline transportation is the basis for evaluating its return on investment and optimizing the parameters of pipeline transportation. By comparing and analyzing the calculation formula of CO2 pipeline diameter, an economic evaluation model was established and thereby, the economic evaluation of pipeline diameter was performed based on a case of supercritical CO2 pipeline engineering. The results show that the unit cost of supercritical CO2 pipeline transportation decreases first and then increases with the increase of the pipeline diameter. For the pipeline with a transport capacity of 1×106 t/a and a length of 200 km, the unit transportation cost of CO2 is the lowest at the pipeline diameter of 240 mm. Since the calculation result of the Vandeginste pipeline diameter formula is close to the theoretical optimal pipeline diameter, the Vandeginste pipeline diameter formula is recommended for the calculation of the pipeline diameter in the actual projects. However, the pipeline cost saved at a nominal diameter of 200 mm is far greater than the increment of energy consumption, and thus the annual cost in this case is the minimum. In addition, the unit transportation cost decreases with the increase of transportation distance, and the unit cost trends to be stable when the distance is longer than 200 km. Therefore, the research results could provide scientific basis and reference for the decision-making concerning the economic pipeline transportation of CO2.

With the large-scaling and intensification of crude oil reserves, storage tanks are also developed in the direction of large capacity. Hence, it is easy to trigger a chain fire effect in the tank farm once a fire occurs, causing huge economic losses and even casualties. In order to reasonably design the safety distance of large crude oil storage tanks and reduce the heat radiation effect of the firing tank on the adjacent tanks, the fire of the storage tank was numerically simulated with the CFD technology. Meanwhile, the influence of the three factors, including the wind speed, spray intensity and oil burning rate, on the safety distance of large crude oil storage tanks were analyzed by controlling a single variable and designing the orthogonal working conditions. The results show that the three factors ranking in a decreasing order of influence are the spray intensity, wind speed and oil burning rate successively. To reduce the safety distance between the storage tanks, it is recommended to increase the spray intensity of cooling water. Thereby, the research results could provide guidance for the layout design of crude oil reserves.

Mechanical force is critical for the development and remodeling of bones. Here the authors report that mechanical force regulates the production of the metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine via regulating the expression of the hydrolytic enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 in osteoblasts.

Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements that seriously threaten food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Because of its high solubility, cadmium can easily enter plants, inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. Therefore, finding a way to alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on plant growth is critical. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, has been widely reported to promote plant growth and alleviate cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes the recent progress made to elucidate how silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity in plants. We describe the role of silicon in reducing cadmium uptake and transport, improving plant mineral nutrient supply, regulating antioxidant systems and optimizing plant architecture. We also summarize in detail the regulation of plant water balance by silicon, and the role of this phenomenon in enhancing plant resistance to cadmium toxicity. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted to identify the current problems related to cadmium toxicity and to propose future research directions.

Terahertz (THz) technology has emerged as a promising tool for the qualitative and quantitative identification of markers containing major diseases, enabling early diagnosis and staged treatment of diseases. Nevertheless, the detection of water-containing biological samples is facing significant challenges due to limitations in high-power THz radiation sources and high-sensitivity detection devices. In this paper, we present a designed and constructed set of Terahertz-Attenuated Total Reflection (THz-ATR) spectrometer for high-sensitivity detection of liquid biological samples, which can dynamically maintain the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of THz detection signal of liquid biological samples at 40–60 dB. Our high-power THz-ATR spectroscopy can identify and quantitatively detect α-lactose aqueous solution with a minimum concentration of 0.292 mol/L. Moreover, we observed that the rate of change in the absorption peak position varied greatly between high and low concentration samples. Our high-power, high-sensitivity THz-ATR spectroscopy detection provides a rapid, accurate, and low-cost method for detecting disease markers such as blood and urine indicators. Additionally, this approach offers new perspectives for the refinement and in-depth detection of biomedical samples.

BackgroundBleeding complications are recognized as relatively infrequent manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and the safety of antithrombotic therapy during pregnancy is of concern. This study aims to assess the risk factors and possible associations between bleeding complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in patients with APS.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Peking University People’s Hospital. The clinical and immunologic features, bleeding complications, treatment, and pregnancy outcomes of patients with APS were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the associations between APOs and bleeding complications.ResultsA total of 176 participants with obstetric APS were included in the analysis. There were 66 (37.50%) patients with APS with hemorrhage complications and 86 (48.86%) patients with APS with APOs. Mucocutaneous hemorrhage was associated with APOs including fetal death after 12 weeks [odds ratio (OR) = 10.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–71.74, p = 0.014], preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks (OR = 8.30, 95% CI: 2.31–29.84, p = 0.001), and small for gestational age (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.22–14.21, p = 0.023) in univariate logistic regression analyses. It also independently associated with preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks (OR = 40.29, 95% CI: 1.45–1121.32, p = 0.030) in multivariate logistic regression analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis evaluating the accuracy of these factors for preterm delivery prior to 34 weeks showed that the area under ROC curve was 0.871.ConclusionThe study shows that mucocutaneous hemorrhage may be an indication of the occurrence of APOs in obstetric patients with APS.

ObjectiveFocusing on the theme of “osteoporosis-related research in adolescents,” a systematic visualization of the developmental lineage, current research status, hot spots, and trends of adolescent osteoporosis was conducted to provide a reference for subsequent related research, clinical diagnosis, and treatment.MethodThe Web of Science core database was used as the data source to retrieve the relevant literature and the bibliometrics method. An online bibliometric platform, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer software were used to conduct co-occurrence analysis on the authors, scientific research institutions, national cooperation, keywords, and funding sources to draw the relevant knowledge map.ResultA total of 1,199 publications from the Web of Science core database were included in this study. The number of published adolescent osteoporosis (AOP) studies has shown an upward trend over the past 29 years, with the United States being the major contributor to the field with the highest number of publications (291, 24.3%) and the highest number of citations (12,186). The international collaboration map shows that the United States is the country most focused on international collaborative exchanges, with the closest collaboration between the United States and Canada. The most influential research institutions and authors are Children's Hospital and Rauch F. the United States is the primary funding source for this research area. Research hotspots were mainly focused on “bone density,” “osteoporosis,” and “children.”ConclusionThese knowledge maps review the research hotpots in adolescent osteoporosis research over time, analyze and summarize the research process over the past 29 years, and predict future research directions.

ABSTRACT Avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (aMPV/C) is an important pathogen that causes upper respiratory symptoms and egg production decline in turkeys and chickens. aMPV/C infection leads to inhibition of the host antiviral immune response. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host immune response antagonized by aMPV/C infection is limited. In this study, we demonstrated that the aMPV/C phosphoprotein (P) inhibits the IFN antiviral signaling pathway triggered by melanoma differentiation gene 5 (MDA5) and reduces interferon β (IFN-β) production and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) by targeting IFN regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) but not nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in DF-1 cells. Moreover, we found that aMPV/C P protein only blocks the nuclear translocation of IRF3 by interacting with IRF3 in HEK-293T cells, instead of affecting IRF3 phosphorylation and inducing IRF3 degradation, which suppresses IRF3 signaling activation and results in a decrease in IFN-β production. Collectively, these results reveal a novel mechanism by which aMPV/C infection disrupts IFN-β production in the host. IMPORTANCE The innate immune response is the first defense line of host cells and organisms against viral infections. When RNA viruses infect cells, viral RNA induces activation of retinoic acid-induced gene I and melanoma differentiation gene 5, which initiates downstream molecules and finally produces type I interferon (IFN-I) to regulate antiviral immune responses. The mechanism for avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) modulating IFN-I production to benefit its replication remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that phosphoprotein of aMPV subgroup C (aMPV/C) selectively inhibits the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory 3 (IRF3), instead of affecting the expression and phosphorylation of IRF3, which finally downregulates IFN-I production. This study showed a novel mechanism for aMPV/C infection antagonizing the host IFN response.

Type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) apoptosis is one of the most vital causes of sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Recent evidence has proved that bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (BMSC-exos) can effectively reduce sepsis-induced ARDS. However, the function and molecular mechanism of BMSC-exos in sepsis-induced AECII apoptosis remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a more significant number of AECII apoptosis, high mitochondrial fission p-Drp1 protein levels, and low levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-related PGC1α, Tfam, and Nrf1 proteins accompanied with ATP content depression were confirmed in AECIIs in response to sepsis. Surprisingly, BMSC-exos successfully recovered mitochondrial biogenesis, including the upregulated expression of PGC1α, Tfam, Nrf1 proteins, and ATP contents, and prohibited p-Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission by promoting Nrf2 expression. However, the aforementioned BMSC-exo reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction in AECIIs can be blocked by Nrf2 inhibitor ML385. Finally, BMSC-exos ameliorated the mortality rate, AECII apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine storm including HMGB1 and IL-6, and pathological lung damage in sepsis mice, which also could be prevented by ML385. These findings reveal a new mechanism of BMSC-exos in reversing mitochondrial dysfunction to alleviate AECII apoptosis, which may provide novel strategies for preventing and treating sepsis-induced ARDS.

Summary: Social media and online navigation bring us enjoyable experiences in accessing information, and simultaneously create information cocoons (ICs) in which we are unconsciously trapped with limited and biased information. We provide a formal definition of IC in the scenario of online navigation. Subsequently, by analyzing real recommendation networks extracted from Science, PNAS, and Amazon websites, and testing mainstream algorithms in disparate recommender systems, we demonstrate that similarity-based recommendation techniques result in ICs, which suppress the system navigability by hundreds of times. We further propose a flexible recommendation strategy that addresses the IC-induced problem and improves retrieval accuracy in navigation, which are demonstrated by simulations on real data and online experiments on the largest video website in China. This paper quantifies the challenge of ICs in recommender systems and presents a viable solution, which offer insights into the industrial design of algorithms, future scientific studies, as well as policy making.

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is an important causative agent that causes acute respiratory disease and egg-dropping in chickens and turkeys. Here, we characterized an aMPV subgroup C (aMPV/C) from 320-day-old broiler breeder chickens with severe respiratory diseases in Beijing, China, as evidenced by RT-PCR typing and confirmation of the nucleoprotein (N) gene sequence. The N gene sequence of the aMPV/C strain (designated BJ17) exhibited no deletions or insertions and possessed 94.6% to 99.6% identity to those of published aMPV/C isolates. The phylogenetic tree of the nucleotide sequences constructed using the neighbor-joining clustering method showed that the BJ17 strain formed one cluster with other aMPV/C viruses and formed one subcluster with published Chinese aMPV/C isolates regardless of Muscovy duck or chicken origins. Comparative analysis of the N proteins showed that a unique amino acid residue D at position 110 might be associated with regional distribution due to its occurrence in all the Chinese aMPV/C isolates only. Strain BJ17 was successfully isolated by cultured Vero cell passage and further inoculated in 3-wk-old specific-pathogen-free chickens for the examination of pathogenicity. Animal experimental results showed that BJ17-inoculated chickens had severe respiratory diseases and inflammatory lesions, as demonstrated by pathological changes and aMPV antigen in the nasal turbinate, tracheae, and lung tissues. These results enrich the available information regarding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of aMPV/C in chickens, which may facilitate the development of effective measures against aMPV/C infection in China.

AIM: To investigate the curative effect of microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy in the treatment of age-related cataract complicated with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG). METHODS: Totally 85 elderly cataract patients(85 eyes)with acute PACG admitted between January 2017 and July 2020 were enrolled. According to the operation method, they were divided into study group(46 cases, 46 eyes)and control group(39 cases, 39 eyes). The control group was treated with 1.8mm microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation, while the study group was treated with trabeculectomy on the basis of the treatment of control group. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, anterior chamber angle width classification, corneal endothelial cell count and surgical complications of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the same group before operation, the BCVA(LogMAR)of the two groups was significantly reduced at 1, 3 and 6mo after operation(all P0.05)and the incidence of complications(28% vs 26%; P>0.05). CONCLUSION: For patients with senile cataract complicated with acute PACG, trabeculectomy based on microincision phacoemulsification and ultra-thin artificial lens implantation can significantly lower intraocular pressure, relieve glaucoma, and reduce visual impairment, with little damage to corneal endothelial cells and few complications. Besides, the clinical effect is marked.

Toxic metabolites produced by phytopathogens can subvert host immunity. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis P4-ATPases, AtALA1 and AtALA7 mediate mycotoxin detoxification by promoting vesicle transport and their subsequent sequestration and degradation in vacuoles.

Abstract Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which serves as a major causative agent of PCV2-associated diseases and causes severe loss to the pig industry worldwide, can dysregulate the immune response and induce immunosuppression in PCV2-infected pigs. Similar to PCV2, porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), a newly identified swine circovirus which might be closely associated with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive disorder, and multisystemic inflammatory responses, also interferes with host immune defense. Interaction between host immune system and PCVs is considered to be a crucial determinant of pathogenicity in pigs. Here, we sought to briefly discuss the current knowledge regarding the interaction of porcine circovirus type 2 and/or 3 with host immune cells and immune responses to better depict the viral immunomodulatory capacity, pathogenic mechanisms, and the future research direction in host immune responses to infection with PCV2 and PCV3.

ObjectiveMigraine is frequently reported in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a role in migraine and IBS. However, alterations in the gut microbiome in migraine patients with IBS remain unknown. This study aimed to explore the compositions of gut microbiota in migraine patients with IBS in a Chinese Han population.MethodsSixteen migraine patients with IBS and thirteen age- and gender-matched IBS patients with similar dietary and lifestyle habits were enrolled in this pilot study. Demographic data, clinical data, eating habits, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and medications were recorded using a unified case registration form. Questionnaires for the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were completed. Fecal samples were collected, and microbial DNA was extracted. Gut microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing targeting the V4 region was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform. The relationships between gut microbiota and clinical characteristics of migraine were analyzed.ResultsThe structure of gut microbiota differed between migraine patients with IBS and patients with IBS, while the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in migraine patients with IBS showed no significant difference from that of patients with IBS. We found a higher relative abundance of the genus Parabacteroides and a lower relative abundance of the genera Paraprevotella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Lactococcus, Collinsella, and Comamonas in migraine patients with IBS than in patients with IBS. According to random forest predictive models, the phylum Bacteroidota shows the most important role in migraine patients with IBS. Furthermore, no statistical correlation was found between significantly different taxa at the genus level and migraine clinical data.ConclusionThis study identified that altered gut microbiota occurred in Chinese Han migraine patients with IBS, but no correlation was found between gut microbiota and the clinical characteristics of migraine. Further study is needed to better understand the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of migraine in IBS.

Due to the corrosive perforation and third-party damage, multiple leakage accidents occurred to the long-distance oil and gas pipelines, for which on-site emergency repair was required, and further pipeline alignment should be performed before welding. For this reason, a series of pipelines with different steel grades, different pipe diameters and different wall thicknesses were taken as the research object, and in order to meet the requirements of the emergency repair operations of long-distance gas pipelines such as alignment for pipeline displacement, the pipe-soil coupling effect was considered according to the structural characteristics of the long-distance pipelines and the mechanical characteristics of the soil around the pipeline. Besides, deformation simulation and stress analysis were conducted for the buried pipelines with D-P model, and the maximum allowable displacement of the free end of pipelines in different excavation lengths of various series of pipelines was solved. The results show that the maximum allowable displacement of the free end of pipelines is jointly affected by the pipe diameter, wall thickness and steel grade. Definitely, it is positively correlated with the excavation length and the wall thickness, but negatively correlated with the pipe diameter. Generally, the calculation results can provide a theoretical reference for the pipeline excavation length during emergency repair operations.

Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important source of edible oil and protein. Peanut testa (seed coat) provides protection for seeds and serves as a carrier for diversity metabolites necessary for human health. There is significant diversity available for testa color in peanut germplasms. However, the kinds and type of metabolites in peanut testa has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we performed metabolite profiling using UPLC-MS/MS for four peanut germplasm lines with different testa colors, including pink, purple, red, and white. A total of 85 metabolites were identified in four peanuts. Comparative metabolomics analysis identified 78 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Some metabolites showed significant correlation with other metabolites. For instance, proanthocyanidins were positively correlated with cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside and malvin, and negatively correlated with pelargonidin-3-glucoside. We observed that the total proanthocyanidins are most abundant in pink peanut variety WH10. The red testa accumulated more isoflavones, flavonols and anthocyanidins compared with that in pink testa. These results provided valuable information about differential accumulation of metabolites in testa with different color, which are helpful for further investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying biosynthesis and accumulation of these metabolites in peanut.

Background and aimsPrimary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) is the most effective treatment strategy for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Nevertheless, dysregulated inflammation induced by myocardial reperfusion injury may increase the final infarct size and induce maladaptive myocardial remodeling. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) inhibitor, as a novel and potent lipid-lowering drug, plays an important role in inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the early application of PCSK9 inhibitor can increase the myocardial salvage index (MSI) and improve ventricular remodeling in patients with STEMI.DesignThe PERFECT II trial is a prospective, open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled study involving 160 patients with STEMI who are scheduled to undergo PPCI. The eligible patients will be divided into PCSK9 inhibitor group and control group via the interactive web response system, at a 1:1 ratio. In the PCSK9 inhibitor group, the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab at a dose of 75 mg will be subcutaneously injected immediately after PPCI and administered every 2 weeks thereafter for 3 months based on conventional treatment. In the control group, conventional treatment will be administered. The primary endpoint is MSI, as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) at 1 week after PPCI. The secondary endpoints are the peak time of creatine kinase (CK)-MB and troponin I (TnI)/TnT after PPCI; the postoperative fall time of the ST segment on electrocardiography (ECG); the rate of plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compliance (< 1.4 mmol/L and a reduction of >50% from baseline) at 1, 3, and 6 months after PPCI; infarct size and ejection fraction (EF) measured by CMR at 6 months after PPCI; the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE: a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, repeat revascularization, stroke, and heart failure needed to be hospitalized).ConclusionsThis is the first multicenter study to investigate the effect of early application of the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab on MSI in patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI. The findings will provide an opportunity to explore novel ideas and methods for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05292404.

Financial markets are widely believed to be complex systems where interdependencies exist among individual entities in the system enabling the risk spillover effect. The detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) has found wide applications in examining the comovement of fluctuations among financial time series. However, to what extent can such cross-correlation represent the spillover effect is still unknown. This article constructs the DCCA network of commodity future markets and explores its proximity to the volatility spillover network. Results show a moderate agreement between the two networks. Centrality measures applied to the DCCA networks are able to identify key commodity futures that are transmitting or receiving risk spillovers. The evolution of the DCCA network reveals a significant change in the network structure during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison to that of the pre- and post-pandemic periods. The pandemic made the commodity future markets more interconnected leading to a shorter diameter for the network. The intensified connections happen mostly between commodities from different categories. Accordingly, cross-category risk spillovers are more likely to happen during the pandemic. The analysis enriches the applications of the DCCA approach and provides useful insights into understanding the risk dynamics in commodity future markets.

Aiming at the imbalances of SOC (state of charge, SOC) and SOH (state of health, SOH) for battery energy storage system (BESS) in smoothing photovoltaic power fluctuations, a power allocation method of BESS is proposed. Firstly, the hierarchical structure of the power allocation method is given, including acquisition of the grid-connected photovoltaic power reference and double-layer power allocation strategy for BESS. Secondly, a swing door trend algorithm optimized by the improved Aquila optimizer is devised and used to deal with the raw photovoltaic power to obtain the grid-connected signal. Next, the dynamic grouping principle considering the SOC and SOH of battery units is devised, and the double-layer power allocation method of BESS is designed in terms of the dynamic grouping results of battery units. Finally, the proposed power allocation method is simulated through actual data, and the results compared with other methods show that it can smooth photovoltaic power fluctuations more effectively, and the SOC and SOH can be balanced more quickly and accurately, which verifies its effectiveness.

BackgroundThrombocytopenia is a common manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and is a main concern for bleeding on the standard treatment of low dose aspirin (LDA) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in obstetric APS (OAPS).ObjectiveThis study assesses the possible relationship between thrombocytopenia during the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) in OAPS patients.MethodsA case-control study was conducted at Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China. The clinical, immunologic, and pregnancy outcomes of the OAPS patients were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to assess the relationship between APOs and thrombocytopenia in the first trimester.ResultsA total of 115 participants were included in the analysis. There were no difference on antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage between the two groups. The gestational age in the thrombocytopenia group was less than that in the control group (34.12 ± 8.44 vs. 37.44 ± 3.81 weeks, p = 0.002). Hypocomplementemia, double aPL positive, and high titers of anti-β2 glycoprotein I were more frequent in APS patients with thrombocytopenia (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, thrombocytopenia in the first trimester was correlated with SGA (12.12% vs. 31.25%, p = 0.043), premature birth 0.05). Of note, the number of platelets increased after delivery in 14 thrombocytopenia patients with live fetuses (p = 0.03).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that thrombocytopenia in the first trimester increases the risks of preterm birth in women with APS. The effective OAPS treatments may improve pregnancy outcomes and not increase the risk of antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage.

Stover mulching as a conservation and sustainable agricultural practice is beneficial for maintaining soil nitrogen (N) requirements and plant health. The microbial functional guilds of the root and rhizosphere are important factors in the soil nitrogen cycle. However, it is unclear how the frequency and amount of stover mulching influence microbial functional guilds in the root and rhizosphere. Therefore, we investigated the responses of the microbial functional guilds in the endosphere and rhizosphere to maize stover mulching amounts (0, 1/3, 2/3, and total stover mulching every year) and frequencies (once every 3 years and twice every 3 years) under 10-year no-till management. The bacterial functional guilds of nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and anaerobic nitrate oxidation displayed the significantly correlation with C/N, total nitrogen, NO3−, and NH4+. The fungal functional guilds of plant pathogens and saprotrophs showed significantly correlations with C/N, total nitrogen, and NO3−. Moreover, we found that bacterial guilds play a pivotal role in maintaining N requirements at the jointing stage, whereas root endophytic fungal guilds play a more important role than bacterial guilds in regulating plant health at the mature stage. The frequency and amount of stover mulching had significant effects on the microbial functional guilds in the root and rhizosphere. Our data suggest that stover mulch application twice every 3 years is the optimal mulching frequency because it yielded the lowest abundance of nitrifying and anaerobic nitrate-oxidising bacteria and the highest abundance of nitrogen-fixing bacteria at the jointing stage, as well as the lowest abundance of fungal plant pathogens in roots at the mature stage.

ObjectiveType 2 diabetes is more common in adults, but is becoming the major concern in children and adolescent recently. This study aimed to provide additional pharmaceutical management for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes by assessing the efficacy and safety of several glucose-lowering drugs.MethodsSearches were performed in PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and ClinicalTrials.gov that reported the efficacy and safety of drugs for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Pooled effects were calculated by frequentist fixed effects network meta-analyses and additive network meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 12 trials assessing eight glucose-lowering drugs were included, which compose of seven trials with monotherapy and five trials with combination therapies. Network meta-analysis results showed compared to placebo, saxagliptin+metformin (mean difference (MD) -1.91% [-2.85%, -0.97%]), liraglutide+metformin (MD -1.45% [-1.65%, -1.26%]), and liraglutide (MD -0.90% [-1.35%, -0.45%]) were the top 3 drugs that significantly reduced hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Sitagliptin+metformin, dapagliflozin, exenatide-2mcg, linagliptin-5mg, metformin, exenatide-5/10mcg, glimepiride, and sitagliptin also showed significant reduction in HbA1c. There were no significant differences between treatments in the incidence of adverse events, except that liraglutide+metformin had significant adverse effect such as abdominal pain. In addition, dapagliflozin, sitagliptin+metformin, and saxagliptin+metformin showed better efficacy compared with FDA-approved drugs.ConclusionsThe top 10 treatments of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged 10–17 years were saxagliptin+metformin, liraglutide+metformin, liraglutide, dapagliflozin, exenatide–2 mcg, sitagliptin+metformin, linagliptin–5 mg, linagliptin–1 mg, metformin, and exenatide–5/10 mcg.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=284897, identifier CRD42021284897.

Background: Modified Zengye Decoction (MZD), a traditional Chinese medicine, is an effective treatment for patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS).Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of MZD and investigate its effect on plasma exosomal proteins.Methods: Eighteen pSS patients were treated with MZD for 2 weeks. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by observing the changes in clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters, and plasma cytokines before and after treatment. Then, the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma exosomes before and after treatment were identified via label-free proteomics, while Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to analyze the possible biological functions and signaling pathways involved in the exosomal DEPs.Results: MZD can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of pSS patients, downregulate the plasma IgG and IgM levels, and inhibit plasma cytokine production. Thirteen DEPs were identified via label-free proteomics in the plasma exosomes before and after MZD treatment, of which 12 were downregulated proteins. GO analysis showed that these downregulated proteins were mainly related to the insulin response involved in dryness symptoms and the Gram-negative bacterial defense response and proteoglycan binding involved in infection. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these downregulated proteins were primarily associated with the porphyrin metabolism involved in oteoarthrosis and the NF-κB and TLR4 pathways involved in infection.Conclusion: MZD can effectively alleviate SS symptoms, while its mechanism may be associated with the reduced protein expression in insulin response, porphyrin metabolism, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.

ObjectivesThis paper proposes a design for a floating foundation of a high strength steel cabin which simultaneously meets the requirements of impedance adaptation in acoustics and stiffness matching in mechanics.MethodsTypical floating foundations which are not connected with the pressure hull are studied by adjusting the structural parameters of the foundation, analyzing the impedance characteristics and intrinsic modes with the finite element method, and calculating the strength of the pressure structure along with the original and improved foundations. A scheme of a floating foundation which satisfies the design requirements is obtained.Results The results show that the amplitude of the improved foundation is increased, the coupling of the intrinsic modes of the foundation with the mechanical equipment is reduced, the strength of the pressure satisfies the specification requirements, and the added weight is within the acceptable range.ConclusionsThis floating foundation scheme can provide references for the design of large foundations for high strength steel cabins which take into account both acoustic and mechanical requirements.