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202. Projections of excess mortality related to diurnal temperature range under climate change scenarios: a multi-country modelling study

Author

Lee, Whanhee, primary, Kim, Yoonhee, additional, Sera, Francesco, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, Park, Rokjin, additional, Michelle Choi, Hayon, additional, Prifti, Kristi, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Abrutzky, Rosana, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, additional, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Indermitte, Ene, additional, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, additional, Ryti, Niilo R I, additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Goodman, Patrick, additional, Zeka, Ariana, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Hurtado Diaz, Magali, additional, César Cruz, Julio, additional, Overcenco, Ala, additional, Nunes, Baltazar, additional, Madureira, Joana, additional, Scovronick, Noah, additional, Acquaotta, Fiorella, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, additional, Ragettli, Martina S, additional, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, and Kim, Ho, additional

Published
2020
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204. Residential Greenness and Cardiovascular Disease Incidence, Readmission, and Mortality

Author

Chen, Hong, primary, Burnett, Richard T., additional, Bai, Li, additional, Kwong, Jeffrey C., additional, Crouse, Dan L., additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Goldberg, Mark S., additional, Copes, Ray, additional, Benmarhnia, Tarik, additional, Ilango, Sindana D., additional, van Donkelaar, Aaron, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, and Hystad, Perry, additional

Published
2020
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205. Correction to: Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-crossover and time-series studies of short term outdoor nitrogen dioxide exposure and ischemic heart disease morbidity

Author

Stieb, David M., primary, Zheng, Carine, additional, Salama, Dina, additional, Berjawi, Rania, additional, Emode, Monica, additional, Hocking, Robyn, additional, Lyrette, Ninon, additional, Matz, Carlyn, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, and Shin, Hwashin H., additional

Published
2020
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207. Urban green space and the risks of dementia and stroke

Author

Paul, Lauren A., primary, Hystad, Perry, additional, Burnett, Richard T., additional, Kwong, Jeffrey C., additional, Crouse, Dan L., additional, van Donkelaar, Aaron, additional, Tu, Karen, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Copes, Ray, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, and Chen, Hong, additional

Published
2020
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212. Short term association between ozone and mortality: global two stage time series study in 406 locations in 20 countries

Author

Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M, primary, Sera, Francesco, additional, Liu, Cong, additional, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Milojevic, Ai, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Kyselý, Jan, additional, Urban, Aleš, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Indermitte, Ene, additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Huber, Veronika, additional, Schneider, Alexandra, additional, Katsouyanni, Klea, additional, Samoli, Evangelia, additional, Stafoggia, Massimo, additional, Scortichini, Matteo, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Ng, Chris Fook Sheng, additional, Hurtado-Diaz, Magali, additional, Cruz, Julio, additional, Silva, Susana, additional, Madureira, Joana, additional, Scovronick, Noah, additional, Garland, Rebecca M., additional, Kim, Ho, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Íñiguez, Carmen, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Åström, Christofer, additional, Ragettli, Martina S, additional, Röösli, Martin, additional, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Kan, Haidong, additional, and Gasparrini, Antonio, additional

Published
2020
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213. Projections of Excessive Mortality Related to Diurnal Temperature Range Under Climate Change Scenarios: A Multi-Country Study

Author

Lee, Whanhee, primary, Kim, Ho, additional, Kim, Yoonhee, additional, Sera, Francesco, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, Park, Rokjin, additional, Choi, Hayon Michelle, additional, Prifti, Kristi, additional, Bell, Michelle, additional, Abrutzky, Rosana, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Staglior, additional, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Indermitte, Ene, additional, Jaakkola, Jouni J. K., additional, Ryti, Niilo R. I., additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Goodman, Patrick, additional, Zeka, Ariana, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Diaz, Magali Hurtado, additional, Valencia, Cesar De la Cruz, additional, Overcenco, Ala, additional, Nunes, Baltazar, additional, Teixeira, João Paulo, additional, Scovronick, Noah, additional, Acquaotta, Fiorella, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, additional, Ragettli, Martina S., additional, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, and Schwartz, Joel, additional

Published
2020
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215. TOC GENERATION TEST: Suicide and Ambient Temperature: A Multi-Country Multi-City Study

Author

Kim, Yoonhee, primary, Kim, Ho, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Chung, Yeonseung, additional, Ng, Chris Fook Sheng, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Íñiguez, Carmen, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Sera, Francesco, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., additional, Ragettli, Martina S., additional, Scovronick, Noah, additional, Acquaotta, Fiorella, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, additional, Seposo, Xerxes, additional, Dang, Tran Ngoc, additional, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, additional, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, additional, Kosheleva, Anna, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Bell, Michelle L., additional, and Hashizume, Masahiro, additional

Published
2019
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216. The postsecondary qualifications of Canadian workers: disparities and bottlenecks in regulated, applied, and general occupations.

Author

Lavigne, Eric, Coppens, Lindsay, Sweeney, Juliette, Moodie, Gavin, Childs, Ruth A., and Wheelahan, Leesa

Subjects
*BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing), *EMPLOYEES, *HUMAN capital, *LABOR market, *JOB qualifications
Abstract

This article reports on a study investigating the link between education and work. Instead of looking at the labour outcomes of graduates, the study examined the qualifications held by workers in technician- and professional-level jobs from three types of occupational fields: regulated, applied, and general. The approach shifts the focus away from the supply of qualifications to the way qualifications are used in the workplace. The findings show evidence of disparities between qualifications and work levels and of the presence of obstacles preventing workers with additional qualifications from securing access to better jobs. Overall, the findings show that the structure of the labour market shapes how workers and employers make use of qualifications. They highlight some of the limitations of human capital theory in explaining the links between education and the labour market and call for a reframing of the purpose of postsecondary qualifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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217. Critical Time Windows for Air Pollution Exposure and Birth Weight in a Multicity Canadian Pregnancy Cohort.

Author

Johnson, Markey, Shin, Hwashin Hyun, Roberts, Eric, Sun, Liu, Fisher, Mandy, Hystad, Perry, Van Donkelaar, Aaron, Martin, Randall V., Fraser, William D., Lavigne, Eric, Clark, Nina, Beaulac, Vanessa, and Arbuckle, Tye E.

Subjects
AIR pollution, PARTICULATE matter, MATERNAL exposure, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, BIRTH weight, RESEARCH funding, LONGITUDINAL method, PROBABILITY theory
Abstract

Background: Maternal prenatal exposure to air pollution has been associated with adverse birth outcomes. However, previous studies focused on a priori time intervals such as trimesters reported inconsistent associations.Objectives: We investigated time-varying vulnerability of birth weight to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using flexible time intervals.Methods: We analyzed 1,300 live, full-term births from Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals, a Canadian prospective pregnancy cohort spanning 10 cities (2008-2011). Daily PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were estimated from ground-level monitoring, satellite models, and land-use regression, and assigned to participants from pre-pregnancy through delivery. We developed a flexible two-stage modeling method-using a Bayesian Metropolis-Hastings algorithm and empirical density threshold-to identify time-dependent vulnerability to air pollution without specifying exposure periods a priori. This approach identified critical windows with varying lengths (2-363 days) and critical windows that fell within, or straddled, predetermined time periods (i.e., trimesters). We adjusted the models for detailed infant and maternal covariates.Results: Critical windows associated with reduced birth weight were identified during mid- to late-pregnancy for both PM2.5 and NO2: -6 g (95% credible interval: -11, -1 g) and -5 g (-10, -0.1 g) per µg/m3 PM2.5 during gestational days 91-139 and 249-272, respectively; and -3 g (-5, -1 g) per ppb NO2 during days 55-145.Discussion: We used a novel, flexible selection method to identify critical windows when maternal exposures to air pollution were associated with decrements in birth weight. Our results suggest that air pollution impacts on fetal development may not be adequately captured by trimester-based analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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218. Temperature variability and mortality: a multi-country study

Author

Guo, Yuming, Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben G., Tawatsupa, Benjawan, Tobias, Aurelio, Lavigne, Eric, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, Pan, Xiaochuan, Kim, Ho, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Guo, Yue Leon, Wu, Chang-Fu, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel D., Bell, Michelle L., Overcenco, Ala, Punnasiri, Kornwipa, Li, Shanshan, Tian, Linwei, Saldiva, Paulo, Williams, Gail, and Tong, Shilu

Subjects
Mortality -- Risk factors -- Analysis -- Canada -- Japan -- Thailand, Climatic changes -- Analysis -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The evidence and method are limited for the associations between mortality and temperature variability (TV) within or between days. OBJECTIVES: We developed a novel method to calculate TV and investigated TV-mortality associations using a large multicountry data set. METHODS: We collected daily data for temperature and mortality from 372 locations in 12 countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, Moldova, South Korea, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States). We calculated TV from the standard deviation of the minimum and maximum temperatures during the exposure days. Two-stage analyses were used to assess the relationship between TV and mortality. In the first stage, a Poisson regression model allowing over-dispersion was used to estimate the community-specific TV-mortality relationship, after controlling for potential confounders. In the second stage, a meta-analysis was used to pool the effect estimates within each country. RESULTS: There was a significant association between TV and mortality in all countries, even after controlling for the effects of daily mean temperature. In stratified analyses, TV was still significantly associated with mortality in cold, hot, and moderate seasons. Mortality risks related to TV were higher in hot areas than in cold areas when using short TV exposures (0-1 days), whereas TV-related mortality risks were higher in moderate areas than in cold and hot areas when using longer TV exposures (0-7 days). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that more attention should be paid to unstable weather conditions in order to protect health. These findings may have implications for developing public health policies to manage health risks of climate change. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP149, Introduction Time series data on daily air pollution concentrations, weather conditions, and daily measures of health outcomes (e.g., mortality, hospital admissions), have been used to assess how environmental factors may [...]

Published
2016
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219. Theorising the Role of Public Vocational Education Institutions Using the Capabilities Approach

Author

Wheelahan, Leesa, Moodie, Gavin, Lavigne, Eric, Leping Mou, Samji, Fatima, Coppens, Lindsay, Stalder, Barbara E, and Nägele, Christof

Subjects
capabilities, vocational education, anchor institutions
Abstract

This paper observes several limitations of human capital theory, both as a description of the way qualifications are used in the labour market, and in severely limiting the potential roles vocational education. It proposes as an alternative the human capabilities approach which posits that the goal should be for everyone to have the capability to be and do what they have reason to value. The paper reports the application of human capabilities as productive capabilities which are located in and concentrate on an intermediate specialised level, the vocational stream which links occupations that share common practices, knowledge, skills and personal attributes. The paper reports an application of the concept of productive capabilities to seven countries: Argentina, Australia, Côte d’Ivoire, England, Ethiopia, Germany, South Africa and Taiwan. From this the report finds that productive capabilities rest upon broader social, economic, cultural, and physical resources.

Published
2019
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220. The Influence of Occupational Structure on Transfer from College to University Programs in Selected Fields in a Liberal Market Economy

Author

Moodie, Gavin, Lavigne, Eric, and Wheelahan, Leesa

Subjects
occupational structure, Canada, education, education and work, occupational transfer
Abstract

This paper reports for Canada the types and fields of qualifications of occupations in selected general, applied and regulated fields at 3 skill levels: occupations that usually require university education, occupations that usually require college education or apprenticeship training, and occupations that usually require secondary school and/or occupation-specific training. The paper observes patterns by types and levels of occupations, but also that fields seem to be shaped to some extent by their own circumstances. The paper also reports fields’ occupational structures which suggest that educational and occupational progression may be shaped as much by occupational permeability as by educational permeability. An implication is that while the demarcation of occupations characteristic of Europe’s coordinated market economies facilitates a close correspondence of education and work, it may also inhibit occupational and corresponding educational progression.

Published
2019
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221. Spatiotemporal Variations in Ambient Ultrafine Particles and the Incidence of Childhood Asthma

Author

Lavigne, Eric, Donelle, Jessy, Hatzopoulou, Marianne, Van Ryswyk, Keith, van Donkelaar, Aaron, Martin, Randall V, Chen, Hong, Stieb, David M, Gasparrini, Antonio, Crighton, Eric, Yasseen, Abdool S, Burnett, Richard T, Walker, Mark, and Weichenthal, Scott

Abstract

Rationale: Little is known regarding the impact of ambient ultrafine particles (UFPs

Published
2019

222. Additional file 1: of Air pollution in the week prior to delivery and preterm birth in 24 Canadian cities: a time to event analysis

Author

Stieb, David, Lavigne, Eric, Chen, Li, Pinault, Lauren, Gasparrini, Antonio, and Tjepkema, Michael

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, respiratory system, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases
Abstract

Figure S1. Hazard Ratio by City per 13.3 ppb O3 lag 0 days. Figure S2. Pooled Hazard Ratio by Lag per 0.36 ppm CO. Figure S3. Pooled Hazard Ratio by Lag per 10.3 ppb NO2. Figure S4. Pooled Hazard Ratio by Lag per 7.4 μg/m3 PM2.5. Figure S5. Pooled Hazard Ratio by Lag per 2.9 ppb SO2. (PDF 119 kb)

Published
2019
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223. Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities

Author

Liu, Cong, Chen, Renjie, Sera, Francesco, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M, Guo, Yuming, Tong, Shilu, Coelho, Micheline S Z S, Saldiva, Paulo H N, Lavigne, Eric, Matus, Patricia, Valdes Ortega, Nicolas, Osorio Garcia, Samuel, Pascal, Mathilde, Stafoggia, Massimo, Scortichini, Matteo, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Hurtado-Díaz, Magali, Cruz, Julio, Nunes, Baltazar, Teixeira, João P, Kim, Ho, Tobias, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Forsberg, Bertil, Åström, Christofer, Ragettli, Martina S, Guo, Yue-Leon, Chen, Bing-Yu, Bell, Michelle L, Wright, Caradee Y, Scovronick, Noah, Garland, Rebecca M, Milojevic, Ai, Kyselý, Jan, Urban, Aleš, Orru, Hans, Indermitte, Ene, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Ryti, Niilo R I, Katsouyanni, Klea, Analitis, Antonis, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Chen, Jianmin, Wu, Tangchun, Cohen, Aaron, Gasparrini, Antonio, Kan, Haidong, Liu, Cong, Chen, Renjie, Sera, Francesco, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M, Guo, Yuming, Tong, Shilu, Coelho, Micheline S Z S, Saldiva, Paulo H N, Lavigne, Eric, Matus, Patricia, Valdes Ortega, Nicolas, Osorio Garcia, Samuel, Pascal, Mathilde, Stafoggia, Massimo, Scortichini, Matteo, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Hurtado-Díaz, Magali, Cruz, Julio, Nunes, Baltazar, Teixeira, João P, Kim, Ho, Tobias, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Forsberg, Bertil, Åström, Christofer, Ragettli, Martina S, Guo, Yue-Leon, Chen, Bing-Yu, Bell, Michelle L, Wright, Caradee Y, Scovronick, Noah, Garland, Rebecca M, Milojevic, Ai, Kyselý, Jan, Urban, Aleš, Orru, Hans, Indermitte, Ene, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Ryti, Niilo R I, Katsouyanni, Klea, Analitis, Antonis, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Chen, Jianmin, Wu, Tangchun, Cohen, Aaron, Gasparrini, Antonio, and Kan, Haidong

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The systematic evaluation of the results of time-series studies of air pollution is challenged by differences in model specification and publication bias. METHODS: We evaluated the associations of inhalable particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10) and fine PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5) with daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality across multiple countries or regions. Daily data on mortality and air pollution were collected from 652 cities in 24 countries or regions. We used overdispersed generalized additive models with random-effects meta-analysis to investigate the associations. Two-pollutant models were fitted to test the robustness of the associations. Concentration-response curves from each city were pooled to allow global estimates to be derived. RESULTS: On average, an increase of 10 μg per cubic meter in the 2-day moving average of PM10 concentration, which represents the average over the current and previous day, was associated with increases of 0.44% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39 to 0.50) in daily all-cause mortality, 0.36% (95% CI, 0.30 to 0.43) in daily cardiovascular mortality, and 0.47% (95% CI, 0.35 to 0.58) in daily respiratory mortality. The corresponding increases in daily mortality for the same change in PM2.5 concentration were 0.68% (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.77), 0.55% (95% CI, 0.45 to 0.66), and 0.74% (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.95). These associations remained significant after adjustment for gaseous pollutants. Associations were stronger in locations with lower annual mean PM concentrations and higher annual mean temperatures. The pooled concentration-response curves showed a consistent increase in daily mortality with increasing PM concentration, with steeper slopes at lower PM concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show independent associations between short-term exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 and daily all-cause, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality in mor

Published
2019
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224. How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold : a multi-country analysis

Author

Sera, Francesco, Armstrong, Ben, Tobias, Aurelio, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Åström, Christofer, Bell, Michelle L, Chen, Bing-Yu, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, Matus Correa, Patricia, Cruz, Julio Cesar, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Hurtado-Diaz, Magali, Do Van, Dung, Forsberg, Bertil, Guo, Yue Leon, Guo, Yuming, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Iñiguez, Carmen, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Kan, Haidong, Kim, Ho, Lavigne, Eric, Michelozzi, Paola, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, Osorio, Samuel, Pascal, Mathilde, Ragettli, Martina S, Ryti, Niilo R I, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Schwartz, Joel, Scortichini, Matteo, Seposo, Xerxes, Tong, Shilu, Zanobetti, Antonella, Gasparrini, Antonio, Sera, Francesco, Armstrong, Ben, Tobias, Aurelio, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Åström, Christofer, Bell, Michelle L, Chen, Bing-Yu, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, Matus Correa, Patricia, Cruz, Julio Cesar, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Hurtado-Diaz, Magali, Do Van, Dung, Forsberg, Bertil, Guo, Yue Leon, Guo, Yuming, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Iñiguez, Carmen, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Kan, Haidong, Kim, Ho, Lavigne, Eric, Michelozzi, Paola, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, Osorio, Samuel, Pascal, Mathilde, Ragettli, Martina S, Ryti, Niilo R I, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Schwartz, Joel, Scortichini, Matteo, Seposo, Xerxes, Tong, Shilu, Zanobetti, Antonella, and Gasparrini, Antonio

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The health burden associated with temperature is expected to increase due to a warming climate. Populations living in cities are likely to be particularly at risk, but the role of urban characteristics in modifying the direct effects of temperature on health is still unclear. In this contribution, we used a multi-country dataset to study effect modification of temperature-mortality relationships by a range of city-specific indicators. METHODS: We collected ambient temperature and mortality daily time-series data for 340 cities in 22 countries, in periods between 1985 and 2014. Standardized measures of demographic, socio-economic, infrastructural and environmental indicators were derived from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional and Metropolitan Database. We used distributed lag non-linear and multivariate meta-regression models to estimate fractions of mortality attributable to heat and cold (AF%) in each city, and to evaluate the effect modification of each indicator across cities. RESULTS: Heat- and cold-related deaths amounted to 0.54% (95% confidence interval: 0.49 to 0.58%) and 6.05% (5.59 to 6.36%) of total deaths, respectively. Several city indicators modify the effect of heat, with a higher mortality impact associated with increases in population density, fine particles (PM2.5), gross domestic product (GDP) and Gini index (a measure of income inequality), whereas higher levels of green spaces were linked with a decreased effect of heat. CONCLUSIONS: This represents the largest study to date assessing the effect modification of temperature-mortality relationships. Evidence from this study can inform public-health interventions and urban planning under various climate-change and urban-development scenarios.

Published
2019
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225. Predicted temperature-increase-induced global health burden and its regional variability

Author

Lee, Jae Young, Kim, Ho, Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben, Bell, Michelle L, Sera, Francesco, Lavigne, Eric, Abrutzky, Rosana, Tong, Shilu, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Correa, Patricia Matus, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, Kan, Haidong, Garcia, Samuel Osorio, Kyselý, Jan, Urban, Aleš, Orru, Hans, Indermitte, Ene, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Ryti, Niilo R I, Pascal, Mathilde, Goodman, Patrick G, Zeka, Ariana, Michelozzi, Paola, Scortichini, Matteo, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Hurtado, Magali, Cruz, Julio, Seposo, Xerxes, Nunes, Baltazar, Teixeira, João Paulo, Tobias, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Forsberg, Bertil, Åström, Christofer, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Ragettli, Martina S, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, Chen, Bing-Yu, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Do Van, Dung, Mayvaneh, Fetemeh, Overcenco, Ala, Li, Shanshan, Guo, Yuming, Lee, Jae Young, Kim, Ho, Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben, Bell, Michelle L, Sera, Francesco, Lavigne, Eric, Abrutzky, Rosana, Tong, Shilu, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Correa, Patricia Matus, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, Kan, Haidong, Garcia, Samuel Osorio, Kyselý, Jan, Urban, Aleš, Orru, Hans, Indermitte, Ene, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Ryti, Niilo R I, Pascal, Mathilde, Goodman, Patrick G, Zeka, Ariana, Michelozzi, Paola, Scortichini, Matteo, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Hurtado, Magali, Cruz, Julio, Seposo, Xerxes, Nunes, Baltazar, Teixeira, João Paulo, Tobias, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Forsberg, Bertil, Åström, Christofer, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Ragettli, Martina S, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, Chen, Bing-Yu, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Do Van, Dung, Mayvaneh, Fetemeh, Overcenco, Ala, Li, Shanshan, and Guo, Yuming

Abstract

An increase in the global health burden of temperature was projected for 459 locations in 28 countries worldwide under four representative concentration pathway scenarios until 2099. We determined that the amount of temperature increase for each 100 ppm increase in global CO2 concentrations is nearly constant, regardless of climate scenarios. The overall average temperature increase during 2010-2099 is largest in Canada (1.16 °C/100 ppm) and Finland (1.14 °C/100 ppm), while it is smallest in Ireland (0.62 °C/100 ppm) and Argentina (0.63 °C/100 ppm). In addition, for each 1 °C temperature increase, the amount of excess mortality is increased largely in tropical countries such as Vietnam (10.34%p/°C) and the Philippines (8.18%p/°C), while it is decreased in Ireland (-0.92%p/°C) and Australia (-0.32%p/°C). To understand the regional variability in temperature increase and mortality, we performed a regression-based modeling. We observed that the projected temperature increase is highly correlated with daily temperature range at the location and vulnerability to temperature increase is affected by health expenditure, and proportions of obese and elderly population.

Published
2019
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226. Suicide and Ambient Temperature: A Multi-Country Multi-City Study

Author

Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755], Kim, Yoonhee, Kim, Ho, Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben, Honda, Yasushi, Chung, Yeonseung, Sheng Ng, Chris Fook, Tobías, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Lavigne, Eric, Sera, Francesco, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., Ragettli, Martina S., Scovronick, Noah, Acquaotta, Fiorella, Chen, Bing-Yu, Yue-Liang Leon Guo, Seposo, Xerxes, Tran Ngoc Dang, Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline de Sousa, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, Kosheleva, Anna, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Bell, Michelle L., Hashizume, Masahiro, Tobías, Aurelio [0000-0001-6428-6755], Kim, Yoonhee, Kim, Ho, Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben, Honda, Yasushi, Chung, Yeonseung, Sheng Ng, Chris Fook, Tobías, Aurelio, Íñiguez, Carmen, Lavigne, Eric, Sera, Francesco, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., Ragettli, Martina S., Scovronick, Noah, Acquaotta, Fiorella, Chen, Bing-Yu, Yue-Liang Leon Guo, Seposo, Xerxes, Tran Ngoc Dang, Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline de Sousa, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, Kosheleva, Anna, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Bell, Michelle L., and Hashizume, Masahiro

Abstract

Background: Previous literature suggests that higher ambient temperature may play a role in increasing the risk of suicide. However, no multi-country study has explored the shape of the association and the role of moderate and extreme heat across different locations. Objectives: We examined the short-term temperature–suicide relationship using daily time-series data collected for 341 locations in 12 countries for periods ranging from 4 to 40 y. Methods: We conducted a two-stage meta-analysis. First, we performed location-specific time-stratified case-crossover analyses to examine the temperature–suicide association for each location. Then, we used a multivariate meta-regression to combine the location-specific lag-cumulative nonlinear associations across all locations and by country. Results: A total of 1,320,148 suicides were included in this study. Higher ambient temperature was associated with an increased risk of suicide in general, and we observed a nonlinear association (inverted J-shaped curve) with the highest risk at 27°C. The relative risk (RR) for the highest risk was 1.33 (95% CI: 1.30, 1.36) compared with the risk at the first percentile. Country-specific results showed that the nonlinear associations were more obvious in northeast Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The temperature with the highest risk of suicide ranged from the 87th to 88th percentiles in the northeast Asian countries, whereas this value was the 99th percentile in Western countries (Canada, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, and the United States) and South Africa, where nearly linear associations were estimated. The country-specific RRs ranged from 1.31 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.44) in the United States to 1.65 (95% CI: 1.40, 1.93) in Taiwan, excluding countries where the results were substantially uncertain. Discussion: Our findings showed that the risk of suicide increased with increasing ambient temperature in many countries, but to varying extents and not necessarily linearly. This temperatu

Published
2019

227. A cross-sectional analysis of meteorological factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission in 409 cities across 26 countries.

Author

Sera, Francesco, Armstrong, Ben, Abbott, Sam, Meakin, Sophie, O'Reilly, Kathleen, von Borries, Rosa, Schneider, Rochelle, Royé, Dominic, Hashizume, Masahiro, Pascal, Mathilde, Tobias, Aurelio, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, MCC Collaborative Research Network, Hu, Wenbiao, Tong, Shilu, Lavigne, Eric, Correa, Patricia Matus, Meng, Xia, Kan, Haidong, and Kynčl, Jan

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, FACTOR analysis, CROSS-sectional method, COVID-19, INTERVENTION (Federal government)
Abstract

There is conflicting evidence on the influence of weather on COVID-19 transmission. Our aim is to estimate weather-dependent signatures in the early phase of the pandemic, while controlling for socio-economic factors and non-pharmaceutical interventions. We identify a modest non-linear association between mean temperature and the effective reproduction number (Re) in 409 cities in 26 countries, with a decrease of 0.087 (95% CI: 0.025; 0.148) for a 10 °C increase. Early interventions have a greater effect on Re with a decrease of 0.285 (95% CI 0.223; 0.347) for a 5th - 95th percentile increase in the government response index. The variation in the effective reproduction number explained by government interventions is 6 times greater than for mean temperature. We find little evidence of meteorological conditions having influenced the early stages of local epidemics and conclude that population behaviour and government interventions are more important drivers of transmission. Possible effects of weather conditions on COVID-19 transmission are debated. Here, the authors analyse data from early in the pandemic and show that although temperature and humidity had small effects on transmission, they were far out-weighed by the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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228. Association of Sulfur, Transition Metals, and the Oxidative Potential of Outdoor PM2.5 with Acute Cardiovascular Events: A Case-Crossover Study of Canadian Adults.

Author

Weichenthal, Scott, Lavigne, Eric, Traub, Alison, Umbrio, Dana, Hongyu You, Pollitt, Krystal, Shin, Tim, Kulka, Ryan, Stieb, Dave M., Korsiak, Jill, Jessiman, Barry, Brook, Jeff R., Hatzopoulou, Marianne, Evans, Greg, and Burnett, Richard T.

Subjects
*PARTICULATE matter, *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, *POLLUTANTS, *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *SULFUR, *METALS, *RISK assessment, *SEX distribution, *RESEARCH funding, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *CROSSOVER trials, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *ODDS ratio, *LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

BACKGROUND: We do not currently understand how spatiotemporal variations in the composition of fine particulate air pollution [fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter  = 2.5 µ m  (PM2.5)] affects population health risks. However, recent evidence suggests that joint concentrations of transition metals and sulfate may influence the oxidative potential (OP) of  PM2.5  and associated health impacts. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate how combinations of transition metals/OP and sulfur content in outdoor  PM2.5  influence associations with acute cardiovascular events. METHODS: We conducted a national case-crossover study of outdoor  PM2.5  and acute cardiovascular events in Canada between 2016 and 2017 (93,344 adult cases). Monthly mean transition metal and sulfur (S) concentrations in  PM2.5  were determined prospectively along with estimates of OP using acellular assays for glutathione (OP GSH), ascorbate (OP AA), and dithiothreitol depletion (OP DTT). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for  PM2.5  across strata of transition metals/OP and sulfur. RESULTS: Among men, the magnitudes of observed associations were strongest when both transition metal and sulfur content were elevated. For example, an OR of 1.078 (95% CI: 1.049, 1.108) (per  10µg/m3) was observed for cardiovascular events in men when both copper and S were above the median, whereas a weaker association was observed when both elements were below median values (OR = 1.019, 95% CI: 1.007, 1.031). A similar pattern was observed for OP metrics.  PM2.5  was not associated with acute cardiovascular events in women. DISCUSSION: The combined transition metal and sulfur content of outdoor  PM2.5  influences the strength of association with acute cardiovascular events in men. Regions with elevated concentrations of both sulfur and transition metals in  PM2.5  should be examined as priority areas for regulatory interventions. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9449. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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229. Global, regional, and national burden of mortality associated with short-term temperature variability from 2000–19: a three-stage modelling study

Author

Wu, Yao, Li, Shanshan, Zhao, Qi, Wen, Bo, Gasparrini, Antonio, Tong, Shilu, Overcenco, Ala, Urban, Aleš, Schneider, Alexandra, Entezari, Alireza, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Zanobetti, Antonella, Analitis, Antonis, Zeka, Ariana, Tobias, Aurelio, Nunes, Baltazar, Alahmad, Barrak, Armstrong, Ben, Forsberg, Bertil, Pan, Shih-Chun, Íñiguez, Carmen, Ameling, Caroline, De la Cruz Valencia, César, Åström, Christofer, Houthuijs, Danny, Van Dung, Do, Royé, Dominic, Indermitte, Ene, Lavigne, Eric, Mayvaneh, Fatemeh, Acquaotta, Fiorella, de'Donato, Francesca, Rao, Shilpa, Sera, Francesco, Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel, Kan, Haidong, Orru, Hans, Kim, Ho, Holobaca, Iulian-Horia, Kyselý, Jan, Madureira, Joana, Schwartz, Joel, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Katsouyanni, Klea, Hurtado Diaz, Magali, Ragettli, Martina S, Hashizume, Masahiro, Pascal, Mathilde, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coélho, Micheline, Ortega, Nicolás Valdés, Ryti, Niilo, Scovronick, Noah, Michelozzi, Paola, Correa, Patricia Matus, Goodman, Patrick, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, Abrutzky, Rosana, Osorio, Samuel, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Colistro, Valentina, Huber, Veronika, Lee, Whanhee, Seposo, Xerxes, Honda, Yasushi, Guo, Yue Leon, Bell, Michelle L, and Guo, Yuming

Abstract

Increased mortality risk is associated with short-term temperature variability. However, to our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive assessment of the temperature variability-related mortality burden worldwide. In this study, using data from the MCC Collaborative Research Network, we first explored the association between temperature variability and mortality across 43 countries or regions. Then, to provide a more comprehensive picture of the global burden of mortality associated with temperature variability, global gridded temperature data with a resolution of 0·5° × 0·5° were used to assess the temperature variability-related mortality burden at the global, regional, and national levels. Furthermore, temporal trends in temperature variability-related mortality burden were also explored from 2000–19.

Published
2022
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230. Temporal variation in heat-mortality associations: a multicountry study

Author

Gasparrini, Antonio, Guo, Yuming, Hashizume, Masahiro, Kinney, Patrick L., Petkova, Elisaveta P., Lavigne, Eric, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel D., Tobias, Aurelio, Leone, Michela, Tong, Shilu, Honda, Yasushi, Kim, Ho, and Armstrong, Ben G.

Subjects
Mortality -- Analysis -- Environmental aspects, Hot weather -- Health aspects, Environmental issues, Health
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent investigations have reported a decline in the heat-related mortality risk during the last decades. However, these studies are frequently based on modeling approaches that do not fully characterize the complex temperature-mortality relationship, and are limited to single cities or countries. OBJECTIVES: We assessed the temporal variation in heat-mortality associations in a multi-country data set using flexible modelling techniques. METHODS: We collected data for 272 locations in Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States, with a total 20,203,690 deaths occurring in summer months between 1985 and 2012. The analysis was based on two-stage time-series models. The temporal variation in heat-mortality relationships was estimated in each location with time-varying distributed lag nonlinear models, expressed through an interaction between the transformed temperature variables and time. The estimates were pooled by country through multivariate meta-analysis. RESULTS: Mortality risk due to heat appeared to decrease over time in several countries, with relative risks associated to high temperatures significantly lower in 2006 compared with 1993 in the United States, Japan, and Spain, and a nonsignificant decrease in Canada. Temporal changes are difficult to assess in Australia and South Korea due to low statistical power, and we found little evidence of variation in the United Kingdom. In the United States, the risk seems to be completely abated in 2006 for summer temperatures below their 99th percentile, but some significant excess persists for higher temperatures in all the countries. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated a statistically significant decrease in the relative risk for heat-related mortality in 2006 compared with 1993 in the majority of countries included in the analysis. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409070, Introduction High ambient temperature is an established risk factor for human health, with overwhelming evidence on the associated excess risk for mortality or morbidity outcomes (Basu 2009; Basu and Samet [...]

Published
2015
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231. Residential surrounding greenness and the incidence of childhood asthma: Findings from a population-based cohort in Ontario, Canada.

Author

Mansouri, Razieh, Lavigne, Eric, Talarico, Robert, Smargiassi, Audrey, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., and Villeneuve, Paul J.

Subjects
*ASTHMA in children, *NORMALIZED difference vegetation index, *AIR pollution, *INFANTS, *PREGNANCY
Abstract

Several epidemiological studies have investigated the possible role that living in areas with greater amounts of greenspace has on the incidence of childhood asthma. These findings have been inconsistent, and few studies explored the relevance of timing of exposure. We investigated the role of residential surrounding greenness on the risk of incident asthma using a population-based retrospective cohort study. We included 982,131 singleton births in Ontario, Canada between 2006 and 2013. Two measures of greenness, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Green View Index (GVI), were assigned to the residential histories of these infants from pregnancy through to 12 years of age. Longitudinally-based diagnoses of asthma were determined by using provincial administrative health data. The extended Cox hazards model was used to characterize associations between greenness measures and asthma (up to age 12 years) while adjusting for several risk factors. In a fully adjusted model, that included a term for traffic-related air pollution (NO 2), we found no association between an interquartile range increase (0.08) of the NDVI during childhood and asthma incidence (HR = 0.99; 95 % CI = 0.99–1.01). In contrast, we found that an 0.08 increase in NDVI during childhood reduced the risk of asthma in children 7–12 years of age by 14 % (HR = 0.86, 95 % CI:0.79–0.95). Seasonal differences in the association between greenness and asthma were noted. Our findings suggest that residential proximity to greenness reduces the risk of asthma in children aged 7–12. • In a cohort of nearly one million infants, we investigated links between residential greenness and asthma. • Greenness exposure during childhood was associated with a lower risks asthma among children 7–12 years of age. • The association between greenness and incidence was modified by season of birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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232. Productive Capabilities: A Framework For Vocational Education

Author

Moodie, Gavin, Leesa Wheelahan, Lavigne, Eric, Nägele, Christof, and Stalder, Barbara E.

Abstract

This paper develops the capabilities approach for application to vocational education by introducing the notion of productive capabilities, which we define as what individuals can be and do in work which they have reason to value. The paper outlines productive capabilities and derives seven implications for vocational education: promote agency, develop reason, contribute to common capacity, become institutionalised, have strong organisations, and prepare graduates for occupational and educational advancement. The paper tests two implications of productive capabilities for vocational education in three countries: Côte d’Ivoire, England, and Taiwan. The paper concludes by examining the limitations of the work so far and how these may be addressed in future work.

Published
2018
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235. Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of congestive heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: A population-based study of 5.1 million Canadian adults living in Ontario

Author

Bai, Li, primary, Shin, Saeha, additional, Burnett, Richard T., additional, Kwong, Jeffrey C., additional, Hystad, Perry, additional, van Donkelaar, Aaron, additional, Goldberg, Mark S., additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Copes, Ray, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Kopp, Alexander, additional, and Chen, Hong, additional

Published
2019
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236. Predicted temperature-increase-induced global health burden and its regional variability

Author

Lee, Jae Young, primary, Kim, Ho, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Bell, Michelle L., additional, Sera, Francesco, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Abrutzky, Rosana, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio, additional, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, additional, Correa, Patricia Matus, additional, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, additional, Kan, Haidong, additional, Garcia, Samuel Osorio, additional, Kyselý, Jan, additional, Urban, Aleš, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Indermitte, Ene, additional, Jaakkola, Jouni J.K., additional, Ryti, Niilo R.I., additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Goodman, Patrick G., additional, Zeka, Ariana, additional, Michelozzi, Paola, additional, Scortichini, Matteo, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Hurtado, Magali, additional, Cruz, Julio, additional, Seposo, Xerxes, additional, Nunes, Baltazar, additional, Teixeira, João Paulo, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Íñiguez, Carmen, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Åström, Christofer, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, additional, Ragettli, Martina S., additional, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Dang, Tran Ngoc, additional, Do Van, Dung, additional, Mayvaneh, Fetemeh, additional, Overcenco, Ala, additional, Li, Shanshan, additional, and Guo, Yuming, additional

Published
2019
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237. Spatial variations in ambient ultrafine particle concentrations and risk of congenital heart defects

Author

Lavigne, Eric, primary, Lima, Isac, additional, Hatzopoulou, Marianne, additional, Van Ryswyk, Keith, additional, Decou, Mary Lou, additional, Luo, Wei, additional, van Donkelaar, Aaron, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Chen, Hong, additional, Stieb, David M., additional, Crighton, Eric, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, Elten, Michael, additional, Yasseen, Abdool S., additional, Burnett, Richard T., additional, Walker, Mark, additional, and Weichenthal, Scott, additional

Published
2019
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238. Ambient Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality in 652 Cities

Author

Liu, Cong, primary, Chen, Renjie, additional, Sera, Francesco, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana M., additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, Coelho, Micheline S.Z.S., additional, Saldiva, Paulo H.N., additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Matus, Patricia, additional, Valdes Ortega, Nicolas, additional, Osorio Garcia, Samuel, additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Stafoggia, Massimo, additional, Scortichini, Matteo, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Hurtado-Díaz, Magali, additional, Cruz, Julio, additional, Nunes, Baltazar, additional, Teixeira, João P., additional, Kim, Ho, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Íñiguez, Carmen, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Åström, Christofer, additional, Ragettli, Martina S., additional, Guo, Yue-Leon, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, Bell, Michelle L., additional, Wright, Caradee Y., additional, Scovronick, Noah, additional, Garland, Rebecca M., additional, Milojevic, Ai, additional, Kyselý, Jan, additional, Urban, Aleš, additional, Orru, Hans, additional, Indermitte, Ene, additional, Jaakkola, Jouni J.K., additional, Ryti, Niilo R.I., additional, Katsouyanni, Klea, additional, Analitis, Antonis, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Chen, Jianmin, additional, Wu, Tangchun, additional, Cohen, Aaron, additional, Gasparrini, Antonio, additional, and Kan, Haidong, additional

Published
2019
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239. Exposure to ambient air pollution and the incidence of lung cancer and breast cancer in the Ontario Population Health and Environment Cohort

Author

Bai, Li, primary, Shin, Saeha, additional, Burnett, Richard T., additional, Kwong, Jeffrey C., additional, Hystad, Perry, additional, Donkelaar, Aaron, additional, Goldberg, Mark S., additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Weichenthal, Scott, additional, Martin, Randall V., additional, Copes, Ray, additional, Kopp, Alexander, additional, and Chen, Hong, additional

Published
2019
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241. How urban characteristics affect vulnerability to heat and cold: a multi-country analysis

Author

Sera, Francesco, primary, Armstrong, Ben, additional, Tobias, Aurelio, additional, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, additional, Åström, Christofer, additional, Bell, Michelle L, additional, Chen, Bing-Yu, additional, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, additional, Matus Correa, Patricia, additional, Cruz, Julio Cesar, additional, Dang, Tran Ngoc, additional, Hurtado-Diaz, Magali, additional, Do Van, Dung, additional, Forsberg, Bertil, additional, Guo, Yue Leon, additional, Guo, Yuming, additional, Hashizume, Masahiro, additional, Honda, Yasushi, additional, Iñiguez, Carmen, additional, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, additional, Kan, Haidong, additional, Kim, Ho, additional, Lavigne, Eric, additional, Michelozzi, Paola, additional, Ortega, Nicolas Valdes, additional, Osorio, Samuel, additional, Pascal, Mathilde, additional, Ragettli, Martina S, additional, Ryti, Niilo R I, additional, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, additional, Schwartz, Joel, additional, Scortichini, Matteo, additional, Seposo, Xerxes, additional, Tong, Shilu, additional, Zanobetti, Antonella, additional, and Gasparrini, Antonio, additional

Published
2019
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245. Short term associations of ambient nitrogen dioxide with daily total, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality: multilocation analysis in 398 cities.

Author

Xia Meng, Cong Liu, Chen, Renjie, Sera, Francesco, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Milojevic, Ai, Yuming Guo, Shilu Tong, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Micheline, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, Lavigne, Eric, Matus Correa, Patricia, Valdes Ortega, Nicolas, Osorio Garcia, Samuel, Kyselý, Jan, Urban, Aleš, Orru, Hans, Maasikmets, Marek, Jaakkola, Jouni J. K., and Ryti, Niilo

Subjects
CARDIOVASCULAR disease related mortality, CONFIDENCE intervals, CARBON monoxide, NITROGEN oxides, RESPIRATORY infections, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, OZONE
Published
2021
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246. The changing roles and qualifications of Canadian university presidents and provosts.

Author

Lavigne, Eric and Sá, Creso M.

Subjects
*COLLEGE presidents, *PROVOSTS (Education), *EMPLOYMENT agencies, *HIGHER education, *ADULTS
Abstract

This paper examines how the stated roles and qualifications of Canadian university presidents and provosts have evolved over the past thirty years and the growing presence of recruiting firms. The study analysed 153 job advertisements published by 22 universities between 1987 and 2017. Roles were categorized according to aspects of organizational life: human resource, political, structural, and symbolic, while we distinguished qualifications as involving traits as well as cultural, human, and social "capitals." Overall, the expected qualifications for presidential and provostial candidates have increased consistently and their roles have expanded in scope. Trait qualifications and symbolic roles, while mostly absent in 1987, became prevalent by 2017, suggesting a slow but clear shift towards managerialist and charismatic depictions of leadership. This increase took place concurrently with universities' increasing reliance on recruiting firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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247. Mortality burden of diurnal temperature range and its temporal changes : a multi-country study

Author

Lee, Whanhee, Bell, Michelle L., Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben G., Sera, Francesco, Hwang, Sunghee, Lavigne, Eric, Zanobetti, Antonella, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Osorio, Samuel, Tobias, Aurelio, Zeka, Ariana, Goodman, Patrick G., Forsberg, Bertil, Rocklöv, Joacim, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, Seposo, Xerxes, Van Dung, Do, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Tong, Shilu, Guo, Yuming, Kim, Ho, Lee, Whanhee, Bell, Michelle L., Gasparrini, Antonio, Armstrong, Ben G., Sera, Francesco, Hwang, Sunghee, Lavigne, Eric, Zanobetti, Antonella, Coelho, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Osorio, Samuel, Tobias, Aurelio, Zeka, Ariana, Goodman, Patrick G., Forsberg, Bertil, Rocklöv, Joacim, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Guo, Yue-Liang Leon, Seposo, Xerxes, Van Dung, Do, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Tong, Shilu, Guo, Yuming, and Kim, Ho

Abstract

Although diurnal temperature range (DTR) is a key index of climate change, few studies have reported the health burden of DTR and its temporal changes at a multi-country scale. Therefore, we assessed the attributable risk fraction of DTR on mortality and its temporal variations in a multi-country data set. We collected time-series data covering mortality and weather variables from 308 cities in 10 countries from 1972 to 2013. The temporal change in DTR-related mortality was estimated for each city with a time-varying distributed lag model. Estimates for each city were pooled using a multivariate meta-analysis. The results showed that the attributable fraction of total mortality to DTR was 2.5% (95% eCI: 2.3-2.7%) over the entire study period. In all countries, the attributable fraction increased from 2.4% (2.1-2.7%) to 2.7% (2.4-2.9%) between the first and last study years. This study found that DTR has significantly contributed to mortality in all the countries studied, and this attributable fraction has significantly increased over time in the USA, the UK, Spain, and South Korea. Therefore, because the health burden of DTR is not likely to reduce in the near future, countermeasures are needed to alleviate its impact on human health.

Published
2018
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248. A multi-country analysis on potential adaptive mechanisms to cold and heat in a changing climate

Author

Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana, Sera, Francesco, Guo, Yuming, Chung, Yeonseung, Arbuthnott, Katherine, Tong, Shilu, Tobias, Aurelio, Lavigne, Eric, Coelho, Micheline, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Goodman, Patrick, Zeka, Ariana, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Kim, Ho, Ragettli, Martina, Roosli, Martin, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Armstrong, Ben, Gasparrini, Antonio, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana, Sera, Francesco, Guo, Yuming, Chung, Yeonseung, Arbuthnott, Katherine, Tong, Shilu, Tobias, Aurelio, Lavigne, Eric, Coelho, Micheline, Saldiva, Paulo Hilario Nascimento, Goodman, Patrick, Zeka, Ariana, Hashizume, Masahiro, Honda, Yasushi, Kim, Ho, Ragettli, Martina, Roosli, Martin, Zanobetti, Antonella, Schwartz, Joel, Armstrong, Ben, and Gasparrini, Antonio

Abstract

Background Temporal variation of temperature-health associations depends on the combination of two pathways: pure adaptation to increasingly warmer temperatures due to climate change, and other attenuation mechanisms due to non-climate factors such as infrastructural changes and improved health care. Disentangling these pathways is critical for assessing climate change impacts and for planning public health and climate policies. We present evidence on this topic by assessing temporal trends in cold- and heat-attributable mortality risks in a multi-country investigation. Methods Trends in country-specific attributable mortality fractions (AFs) for cold and heat (defined as below/above minimum mortality temperature, respectively) in 305 locations within 10 countries (1985–2012) were estimated using a two-stage time-series design with time-varying distributed lag non-linear models. To separate the contribution of pure adaptation to increasing temperatures and active changes in susceptibility (non-climate driven mechanisms) to heat and cold, we compared observed yearly-AFs with those predicted in two counterfactual scenarios: trends driven by either (1) changes in exposure-response function (assuming a constant temperature distribution), (2) or changes in temperature distribution (assuming constant exposure-response relationships). This comparison provides insights about the potential mechanisms and pace of adaptation in each population. Results Heat-related AFs decreased in all countries (ranging from 0.45–1.66% to 0.15–0.93%, in the first and last 5-year periods, respectively) except in Australia, Ireland and UK. Different patterns were found for cold (where AFs ranged from 5.57–15.43% to 2.16–8.91%), showing either decreasing (Brazil, Japan, Spain, Australia and Ireland), increasing (USA), or stable trends (Canada, South Korea and UK). Heat-AF trends were mostly driven by changes in exposure-response associations due to modified susceptibility to

Published
2018

249. Mortality risk attributable to wildfire-related PM2·5pollution: a global time series study in 749 locations

Author

Chen, Gongbo, Guo, Yuming, Yue, Xu, Tong, Shilu, Gasparrini, Antonio, Bell, Michelle L, Armstrong, Ben, Schwartz, Joel, Jaakkola, Jouni J K, Zanobetti, Antonella, Lavigne, Eric, Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario, Kan, Haidong, Royé, Dominic, Milojevic, Ai, Overcenco, Ala, Urban, Aleš, Schneider, Alexandra, Entezari, Alireza, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Zeka, Ariana, Tobias, Aurelio, Nunes, Baltazar, Alahmad, Barrak, Forsberg, Bertil, Pan, Shih-Chun, Íñiguez, Carmen, Ameling, Caroline, De la Cruz Valencia, César, Åström, Christofer, Houthuijs, Danny, Van Dung, Do, Samoli, Evangelia, Mayvaneh, Fatemeh, Sera, Francesco, Carrasco-Escobar, Gabriel, Lei, Yadong, Orru, Hans, Kim, Ho, Holobaca, Iulian-Horia, Kyselý, Jan, Teixeira, João Paulo, Madureira, Joana, Katsouyanni, Klea, Hurtado-Díaz, Magali, Maasikmets, Marek, Ragettli, Martina S, Hashizume, Masahiro, Stafoggia, Massimo, Pascal, Mathilde, Scortichini, Matteo, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coêlho, Micheline, Valdés Ortega, Nicolás, Ryti, Niilo R I, Scovronick, Noah, Matus, Patricia, Goodman, Patrick, Garland, Rebecca M, Abrutzky, Rosana, Garcia, Samuel Osorio, Rao, Shilpa, Fratianni, Simona, Dang, Tran Ngoc, Colistro, Valentina, Huber, Veronika, Lee, Whanhee, Seposo, Xerxes, Honda, Yasushi, Guo, Yue Leon, Ye, Tingting, Yu, Wenhua, Abramson, Michael J, Samet, Jonathan M, and Li, Shanshan

Abstract

Many regions of the world are now facing more frequent and unprecedentedly large wildfires. However, the association between wildfire-related PM2·5and mortality has not been well characterised. We aimed to comprehensively assess the association between short-term exposure to wildfire-related PM2·5and mortality across various regions of the world.

Published
2021
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