475 results on '"Lattanzi, G."'
Search Results
202. Porphyromonas gingivalis fuels colorectal cancer through CHI3L1-mediated iNKT cell-driven immune evasion.
- Author
-
Díaz-Basabe A, Lattanzi G, Perillo F, Amoroso C, Baeri A, Farini A, Torrente Y, Penna G, Rescigno M, Ghidini M, Cassinotti E, Baldari L, Boni L, Vecchi M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F, and Strati F
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Mice, Tumor Microenvironment immunology, Immune Evasion, Tumor Escape, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Cell Line, Tumor, Bacteroidaceae Infections immunology, Bacteroidaceae Infections microbiology, Female, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Male, Colorectal Neoplasms immunology, Colorectal Neoplasms microbiology, Natural Killer T-Cells immunology, Porphyromonas gingivalis immunology, Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 metabolism, Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 genetics
- Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum influences the anti-tumor functions of CRC-infiltrating iNKT cells. However, the impact of other bacteria associated with CRC, like Porphyromonas gingivalis , on their activation status remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that mucosa-associated P. gingivalis induces a protumour phenotype in iNKT cells, subsequently influencing the composition of mononuclear-phagocyte cells within the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that P. gingivalis reduces the cytotoxic functions of iNKT cells, hampering the iNKT cell lytic machinery through increased expression of chitinase 3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1). Neutralization of CHI3L1 effectively restores iNKT cell cytotoxic functions suggesting a therapeutic potential to reactivate iNKT cell-mediated antitumour immunity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate how P. gingivalis accelerates CRC progression by inducing the upregulation of CHI3L1 in iNKT cells, thus impairing their cytotoxic functions and promoting host tumor immune evasion.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
203. Clinical and functional characterization of COL2A1 p.Gly444Ser variant: From a fetal phenotype to a previously undisclosed postnatal phenotype.
- Author
-
Marchionni E, D'Apice MR, Lupo V, Lattanzi G, Mattioli E, Lisignoli G, Gabusi E, Pepe G, Helmer Citterich M, Campione E, Nardone AM, Spitalieri P, Pucci N, Cocciadiferro D, Picchi E, Garaci F, Novelli A, and Novelli G
- Abstract
COL2A1 gene encodes the alpha-1 chain of type-II procollagen. Heterozygous pathogenic variants are associated with the broad clinical spectrum of genetic diseases known as type-II collagenopathies. We aimed to characterize the NM_001844.5:c.1330G>A;p.Gly444Ser variant detected in the COL2A1 gene through trio-based prenatal exome sequencing in a fetus presenting a severe skeletal phenotype at 31 Gestational Weeks and in his previously undisclosed mild-affected father. Functional studies on father's cutaneous fibroblasts, along with in silico protein modeling and in vitro chondrocytes differentiation, showed intracellular accumulation of collagen-II, its localization in external Golgi vesicles and nuclear morphological alterations. Extracellular matrix showed a disorganized fibronectin network. These results showed that p.Gly444Ser variant alters procollagen molecules processing and the assembly of mature type-II collagen fibrils, according to COL2A1-chain disorganization, displayed by protein modeling. Clinical assessment at 38 y.o., through a reverse-phenotyping approach, revealed limp gait, short and stocky appearance. X-Ray and MRI showed pelvis asymmetry with severe morpho-structural alterations of the femoral heads bilaterally, consistent with a mild form of type-II collagenopathy. This study shows how the fusion of genomics and clinical expertise can drive a diagnosis supported by cellular and bioinformatics studies to effectively establish variants pathogenicity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
204. Correction: "Nutripiatto": A tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children.
- Author
-
Lattanzi G, Di Rosa C, Spiezia C, Sacco R, Cattafi S, Romano L, Benvenuto D, Fabris S, De Gara L, and Khazrai YM
- Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282748.]., (Copyright: © 2023 Lattanzi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
205. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Brown Adipocyte Dysfunction.
- Author
-
Schena E, Mattioli E, Peres C, Zanotti L, Morselli P, Iozzo P, Guzzardi MA, Bernardini C, Forni M, Nesci S, Caprio M, Cecchetti C, Pagotto U, Gabusi E, Cattini L, Lisignoli G, Blalock W, Gambineri A, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Adipocytes, Brown metabolism, Lamin Type A metabolism, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists metabolism, Spironolactone pharmacology, Receptors, Mineralocorticoid metabolism, HEK293 Cells, Adipose Tissue, Brown metabolism, Lipodystrophy, Familial Partial
- Abstract
Type-2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD2), a rare lipodystrophy caused by LMNA mutations, is characterized by a loss of subcutaneous fat from the trunk and limbs and excess accumulation of adipose tissue in the neck and face. Several studies have reported that the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an essential role in adipose tissue differentiation and functionality. We previously showed that brown preadipocytes isolated from a FPLD2 patient's neck aberrantly differentiate towards the white lineage. As this condition may be related to MR activation, we suspected altered MR dynamics in FPLD2. Despite cytoplasmic MR localization in control brown adipocytes, retention of MR was observed in FPLD2 brown adipocyte nuclei. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type or mutated prelamin A caused GFP-MR recruitment to the nuclear envelope in HEK293 cells, while drug-induced prelamin A co-localized with endogenous MR in human preadipocytes. Based on in silico analysis and in situ protein ligation assays, we could suggest an interaction between prelamin A and MR, which appears to be inhibited by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism. Importantly, the MR antagonist spironolactone redirected FPLD2 preadipocyte differentiation towards the brown lineage, avoiding the formation of enlarged and dysmorphic lipid droplets. Finally, beneficial effects on brown adipose tissue activity were observed in an FPLD2 patient undergoing spironolactone treatment. These findings identify MR as a new lamin A interactor and a new player in lamin A-linked lipodystrophies.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
206. Epigenomic signature of accelerated ageing in progeroid Cockayne syndrome.
- Author
-
Crochemore C, Chica C, Garagnani P, Lattanzi G, Horvath S, Sarasin A, Franceschi C, Bacalini MG, and Ricchetti M
- Subjects
- Humans, Epigenomics, DNA Repair Enzymes genetics, DNA Repair Enzymes metabolism, DNA Repair, Aging genetics, Mutation, Cockayne Syndrome genetics, Cockayne Syndrome metabolism
- Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) and UV-sensitive syndrome (UVSS) are rare genetic disorders caused by mutation of the DNA repair and multifunctional CSA or CSB protein, but only CS patients display a progeroid and neurodegenerative phenotype, providing a unique conceptual and experimental paradigm. As DNA methylation (DNAm) remodelling is a major ageing marker, we performed genome-wide analysis of DNAm of fibroblasts from healthy, UVSS and CS individuals. Differential analysis highlighted a CS-specific epigenomic signature (progeroid-related; not present in UVSS) enriched in three categories: developmental transcription factors, ion/neurotransmitter membrane transporters and synaptic neuro-developmental genes. A large fraction of CS-specific DNAm changes were associated with expression changes in CS samples, including in previously reported post-mortem cerebella. The progeroid phenotype of CS was further supported by epigenomic hallmarks of ageing: the prediction of DNAm of repetitive elements suggested an hypomethylation of Alu sequences in CS, and the epigenetic clock returned a marked increase in CS biological age respect to healthy and UVSS cells. The epigenomic remodelling of accelerated ageing in CS displayed both commonalities and differences with other progeroid diseases and regular ageing. CS shared DNAm changes with normal ageing more than other progeroid diseases do, and included genes functionally validated for regular ageing. Collectively, our results support the existence of an epigenomic basis of accelerated ageing in CS and unveil new genes and pathways that are potentially associated with the progeroid/degenerative phenotype., (© 2023 The Authors. Aging Cell published by Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
207. Short- and long-term effects of very low- and low-calorie ketogenic diets on metabolism and cardiometabolic risk factors: a narrative review.
- Author
-
Gaspa G, Naciu AM, DI Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Beato I, Micheli V, Turriziani C, Khazrai YM, and Cesareo R
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obesity, Weight Loss, Diet, Ketogenic, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control
- Abstract
Worldwide obesity and cardiovascular diseases have encouraged the adoption of new and efficient dietary strategies. Among various proposed diets, ketogenic diets, both the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) and the low-calorie ketogenic diet (LCKD), have been suggested in recent years as an effective nutritional approach for obesity management. The VLCKD and the LCKD are characterized by a low carbohydrate content (<50 g/day), 1-1.5 g of protein/kg of ideal body weight, less than 20-30 g of lipids, and a daily intake of about 800 calories for VLCKD and about 1200-1400 calories for LCKD. The purpose of our narrative review is to offer an overview of the most impactful studies in the scientific literature regarding VLCKD and LCKD to discuss their short- and long-term effects (less than 12 months and more than 12 months respectively) on weight loss, metabolic and cardiovascular aspects. Articles we focused on were cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Results indicate that VLCKD and LCKD could be helpful to ameliorate metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors such as weight loss, glucose, and cholesterol levels, both in the short and long term. Further research in this area may include more randomized controlled trials to gather more data.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
208. Kinetics of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks through coarse-grained simulations.
- Author
-
Micheloni M, Petrolli L, Lattanzi G, and Potestio R
- Subjects
- Kinetics, DNA genetics, DNA Damage, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, DNA Repair
- Abstract
Double-strand breaks (DSBs), i.e., the covalent cut of the DNA backbone over both strands, are a detrimental outcome of cell irradiation, bearing chromosomal aberrations and leading to cell apoptosis. In the early stages of the evolution of a DSB, the disruption of the residual interactions between the DNA moieties drives the fracture of the helical layout; in spite of its biological significance, the details of this process are still largely uncertain. Here, we address the mechanical rupture of DNA by DSBs via coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations: the setup involves a 3855-bp DNA filament and diverse DSB motifs, i.e., within a range of distances between strand breaks (or DSB distance). By employing a coarse-grained model of DNA, we access the molecular details and characteristic timescales of the rupturing process. A sequence-nonspecific, linear correlation is observed between the DSB distance and the internal energy contribution to the disruption of the residual (Watson-Crick and stacking) contacts between DNA moieties, which is seemingly driven by an abrupt, cooperative process. Moreover, we infer an exponential dependence of the characteristic rupture times on the DSB distances, which we associate to an Arrhenius-like law of thermally-activated processes. This work lays the foundations of a detailed, mechanistic assessment of DSBs in silico as a benchmark to both numerical simulations and data from single-molecule experiments., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2023 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
209. A conformational rearrangement of the SARS-CoV-2 host protein sigma-1 is required for antiviral activity: insights from a combined in-silico/in-vitro approach.
- Author
-
Abatematteo FS, Delre P, Mercurio I, Rezelj VV, Siliqi D, Beaucourt S, Lattanzi G, Colabufo NA, Leopoldo M, Saviano M, Vignuzzi M, Mangiatordi GF, and Abate C
- Subjects
- Humans, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Ligands, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Molecular Docking Simulation, SARS-CoV-2 metabolism, COVID-19
- Abstract
The development of effective drugs to treat coronavirus infections remains a significant challenge for the scientific community. Recent evidence reports on the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) as a key druggable host protein in the SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 interactomes and shows a potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 for the S1R antagonist PB28. To improve PB28 activity, we designed and tested a series of its analogues and identified a compound that is fourfold more potent against SARS-CoV-2 than PB28 itself. Interestingly, we found no direct correlation between S1R affinity and SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity. Building on this, we employed comparative induced fit docking and molecular dynamics simulations to gain insights into the possible mechanism that occurs when specific ligand-protein interactions take place and that may be responsible for the observed antiviral activity. Our findings offer a possible explanation for the experimental observations, provide insights into the S1R conformational changes upon ligand binding and lay the foundation for the rational design of new S1R ligands with potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and likely other viruses., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
210. iNKT cell-neutrophil crosstalk promotes colorectal cancer pathogenesis.
- Author
-
Lattanzi G, Strati F, Díaz-Basabe A, Perillo F, Amoroso C, Protti G, Rita Giuffrè M, Iachini L, Baeri A, Baldari L, Cassinotti E, Ghidini M, Galassi B, Lopez G, Noviello D, Porretti L, Trombetta E, Messuti E, Mazzarella L, Iezzi G, Nicassio F, Granucci F, Vecchi M, Caprioli F, and Facciotti F
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Neutrophils, Immunotherapy, Tumor Microenvironment, Natural Killer T-Cells, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology
- Abstract
iNKT cells account for a relevant fraction of effector T-cells in the intestine and are considered an attractive platform for cancer immunotherapy. Although iNKT cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes, their functional role in colorectal cancer (CRC) is still controversial, limiting their therapeutic use. Thus, we examined the immune cell composition and iNKT cell phenotype of CRC lesions in patients (n = 118) and different murine models. High-dimensional single-cell flow-cytometry, metagenomics, and RNA sequencing experiments revealed that iNKT cells are enriched in tumor lesions. The tumor-associated pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum induces IL-17 and Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) expression in iNKT cells without affecting their cytotoxic capability but promoting iNKT-mediated recruitment of neutrophils with polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells-like phenotype and functions. The lack of iNKT cells reduced the tumor burden and recruitment of immune suppressive neutrophils. iNKT cells in-vivo activation with α-galactosylceramide restored their anti-tumor function, suggesting that iNKT cells can be modulated to overcome CRC-associated immune evasion. Tumor co-infiltration by iNKT cells and neutrophils correlates with negative clinical outcomes, highlighting the importance of iNKT cells in the pathophysiology of CRC. Our results reveal a functional plasticity of iNKT cells in CRC, suggesting a pivotal role of iNKT cells in shaping the tumor microenvironment, with relevant implications for treatment., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
211. Impact of Combined Baricitinib and FTI Treatment on Adipogenesis in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome and Other Lipodystrophic Laminopathies.
- Author
-
Hartinger R, Lederer EM, Schena E, Lattanzi G, and Djabali K
- Subjects
- Humans, Adipogenesis, Mutation, Progeria genetics, Lipodystrophy drug therapy
- Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease that causes premature aging symptoms, such as vascular diseases, lipodystrophy, loss of bone mineral density, and alopecia. HGPS is mostly linked to a heterozygous and de novo mutation in the LMNA gene (c.1824 C > T; p.G608G), resulting in the production of a truncated prelamin A protein called "progerin". Progerin accumulation causes nuclear dysfunction, premature senescence, and apoptosis. Here, we examined the effects of baricitinib (Bar), an FDA-approved JAK/STAT inhibitor, and a combination of Bar and lonafarnib (FTI) treatment on adipogenesis using skin-derived precursors (SKPs). We analyzed the effect of these treatments on the differentiation potential of SKPs isolated from pre-established human primary fibroblast cultures. Compared to mock-treated HGPS SKPs, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of HGPS SKPs into adipocytes and lipid droplet formation. Similarly, Bar and Bar + FTI treatments improved the differentiation of SKPs derived from patients with two other lipodystrophic diseases: familial partial lipodystrophy type 2 (FPLD2) and mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MADB). Overall, the results show that Bar treatment improves adipogenesis and lipid droplet formation in HGPS, FPLD2, and MADB, indicating that Bar + FTI treatment might further ameliorate HGPS pathologies compared to lonafarnib treatment alone.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
212. Gamma-Hemolysin Components: Computational Strategies for LukF-Hlg2 Dimer Reconstruction on a Model Membrane.
- Author
-
Paternoster C, Tarenzi T, Potestio R, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Leukocidins metabolism, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Cell Membrane metabolism, Hemolysin Proteins metabolism, Bacterial Toxins metabolism
- Abstract
The gamma-hemolysin protein is one of the most common pore-forming toxins expressed by the pathogenic bacterium Staphylococcus aureus . The toxin is used by the pathogen to escape the immune system of the host organism, by assembling into octameric transmembrane pores on the surface of the target immune cell and leading to its death by leakage or apoptosis. Despite the high potential risks associated with Staphylococcus aureus infections and the urgent need for new treatments, several aspects of the pore-formation process from gamma-hemolysin are still unclear. These include the identification of the interactions between the individual monomers that lead to the formation of a dimer on the cell membrane, which represents the unit for further oligomerization. Here, we employed a combination of all-atom explicit solvent molecular dynamics simulations and protein-protein docking to determine the stabilizing contacts that guide the formation of a functional dimer. The simulations and the molecular modeling reveal the importance of the flexibility of specific protein domains, in particular the N-terminus, to drive the formation of the correct dimerization interface through functional contacts between the monomers. The results obtained are compared with the experimental data available in the literature.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
213. "Nutripiatto": A tool for nutritional education. A survey to assess dietary habits in preschool children.
- Author
-
Lattanzi G, Di Rosa C, Spiezia C, Sacco R, Cattafi S, Romano L, Benvenuto D, Fabris S, De Gara L, and Khazrai YM
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, Humans, Health Education, Educational Status, Feeding Behavior, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pediatric Obesity
- Abstract
Childhood obesity is a global public health concern linked to metabolic and psychological comorbidities. There is growing evidence that children's lifestyle habits are shifting towards obesity, with dire consequences for their future well-being and healthcare costs. In this interventional study, we enrolled 115 children aged between 4-5 years (53% females and 47% males) and carried out nutrition education interventions to improve their dietary habits. We introduced "Nutripiatto", a visual plate icon and easy guide, which was used by the children during the study. We investigated the children's dietary habits using a Food Frequency Questionnaire at the beginning and end of the study, after one month of using "Nutripiatto". The results showed that the children significantly increased the portion sizes and frequency of vegetable consumption (P<0.001) and reduced the consumption of several junk foods such as French fries and crisps (P<0.001), reaching the recommended dietary allowances and frequency of consumption. Daily consumption of water also significantly increased, reaching the suggested amount of six glasses per day. Based on these results, "Nutripiatto" can be considered an effective visual guide and helpful tool to achieve small changes and empower families to make healthier food choices. It can also be considered an effective educational tool for nutritionists and healthcare professionals to improve children's dietary behavior., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Lattanzi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
214. The role of prelamin A post-translational maturation in stress response and 53BP1 recruitment.
- Author
-
Capanni C, Schena E, Di Giampietro ML, Montecucco A, Mattioli E, and Lattanzi G
- Abstract
Lamin A is a main constituent of the nuclear lamina and contributes to nuclear shaping, mechano-signaling transduction and gene regulation, thus affecting major cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and entry into senescence, cellular differentiation and stress response. The role of lamin A in stress response is particularly intriguing, yet not fully elucidated, and involves prelamin A post-translational processing. Here, we propose prelamin A as the tool that allows lamin A plasticity during oxidative stress response and permits timely 53BP1 recruitment to DNA damage foci. We show that while PCNA ubiquitination, p21 decrease and H2AX phosphorylation occur soon after stress induction in the absence of prelamin A, accumulation of non-farnesylated prelamin A follows and triggers recruitment of 53BP1 to lamin A/C complexes. Then, the following prelamin A processing steps causing transient accumulation of farnesylated prelamin A and maturation to lamin A reduce lamin A affinity for 53BP1 and favor its release and localization to DNA damage sites. Consistent with these observations, accumulation of prelamin A forms in cells under basal conditions impairs histone H2AX phosphorylation, PCNA ubiquitination and p21 degradation, thus affecting the early stages of stress response. As a whole, our results are consistent with a physiological function of prelamin A modulation during stress response aimed at timely recruitment/release of 53BP1 and other molecules required for DNA damage repair. In this context, it becomes more obvious how farnesylated prelamin A accumulation to toxic levels alters timing of DNA damage signaling and 53BP1 recruitment, thus contributing to cellular senescence and accelerated organismal aging as observed in progeroid laminopathies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Capanni, Schena, Di Giampietro, Montecucco, Mattioli and Lattanzi.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
215. Mediterranean Diet versus Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: Effects of Reaching 5% Body Weight Loss on Body Composition in Subjects with Overweight and with Obesity-A Cohort Study.
- Author
-
Di Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Spiezia C, Imperia E, Piccirilli S, Beato I, Gaspa G, Micheli V, De Joannon F, Vallecorsa N, Ciccozzi M, Defeudis G, Manfrini S, and Khazrai YM
- Subjects
- Humans, Body Composition, Cohort Studies, Obesity, Overweight, Weight Loss, Diet, Ketogenic, Diet, Mediterranean
- Abstract
The best nutritional strategy to fight the rise in obesity remains a debated issue. The Mediterranean diet (MD) and the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic diet (VLCKD) are effective at helping people lose body weight (BW) and fat mass (FM) while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study aimed to evaluate the time these two diets took to reach a loss of 5% of the initial BW and how body composition was affected. We randomized 268 subjects with obesity or overweight in two arms, MD and VLCKD, for a maximum of 3 months or until they reached 5% BW loss. This result was achieved after one month of VLCKD and 3 months of MD. Both diets were effective in terms of BW ( p < 0.0001) and FM loss ( p < 0.0001), but the MD reached a higher reduction in both waist circumference ( p = 0.0010) and FM ( p = 0.0006) and a greater increase in total body water ( p = 0.0017) and FFM ( p = 0.0373) than VLCKD. The population was also stratified according to gender, age, and BMI. These two nutritional protocols are both effective in improving anthropometrical parameters and body composition, but they take different time spans to reach the goal. Therefore, professionals should evaluate which is the most suitable according to each patient's health status., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
216. Predictors of undernutrition in COPD patients.
- Author
-
Lattanzi G, Finamore P, Pedone C, Alma A, Scarlata S, Fontana DO, Khazrai YM, and Antonelli Incalzi R
- Subjects
- Humans, Lipids, Longitudinal Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Nutritional Status, Malnutrition diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive complications, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive metabolism
- Abstract
Background & Aims: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) report recommends smoking cessation, pharmacological therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation, but this clinical course can be negatively influenced by undernutrition, a condition documented in about 20% of COPD patients. An altered energy balance characterized by an insufficient intake of energy and nutrients is the primary cause of undernutrition, therefore the aim of this study is to investigate whether clinical and instrumental variables collected during a routine respiratory assessment associate with an altered energy balance in order to identify COPD patients at higher risk of undernutrition worth of further assessment., Methods: A total of forty-nine participants with a diagnosis of stable COPD were included in this mono-center and longitudinal study. Subjects underwent a multidimensional assessment including evaluation of medical history, evaluation of pulmonary function, evaluation of nutritional status, evaluation of energy intake and resting energy expenditure (REE) using EPIC questionnaire and indirect-calorimetry (IC), respectively, evaluation of physical impairment and mood status., Results: The 24% of participants was at risk of undernutrition with a mean energy intake, total protein intake and lipid intake significantly lower than not at risk subjects, while REE was significantly higher. Age, sex, multimorbidity, disability and depression, and pulmonary function tests were not associated with a negative energy balance, with the exception of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) severity index, which showed a significant association., Conclusion: Clinical evaluation and pulmonary function tests are unable to reliably predict undernutrition in COPD patients, so a nutritional screening should always be forecast in this population based on an accurate evaluation of energy intake and expenditure and body composition., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
217. IL10 Secretion Endows Intestinal Human iNKT Cells with Regulatory Functions Towards Pathogenic T Lymphocytes.
- Author
-
Burrello C, Strati F, Lattanzi G, Diaz-Basabe A, Mileti E, Giuffrè MR, Lopez G, Cribiù FM, Trombetta E, Kallikourdis M, Cremonesi M, Conforti F, Botti F, Porretti L, Rescigno M, Vecchi M, Fantini MC, Caprioli F, and Facciotti F
- Subjects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes pathology, Humans, Interleukin-10 metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Colitis, Crohn Disease pathology, Natural Killer T-Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Invariant natural killer T [iNKT] cells perform pleiotropic functions in different tissues by secreting a vast array of pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic molecules. However, the presence and function of human intestinal iNKT cells capable of secreting immunomodulatory molecules such as IL-10 has never been reported so far. Here we describe for the first time the presence of IL10-producing iNKT cells [NKT10 cells] in the intestinal lamina propria of healthy individuals and of Crohn's disease [CD] patients., Methods: Frequency and phenotype of NKT10 cells were analysed ex vivo from intestinal specimens of Crohn's disease [n = 17] and controls [n = 7]. Stable CD-derived intestinal NKT10 cell lines were used to perform in vitro suppression assays and co-cultures with patient-derived mucosa-associated microbiota. Experimental colitis models were performed by adoptive cell transfer of splenic naïve CD4+ T cells in the presence or absence of IL10-sufficient or -deficient iNKT cells. In vivo induction of NKT10 cells was performed by administration of short chain fatty acids [SCFA] by oral gavage., Results: Patient-derived intestinal NKT10 cells demonstrated suppressive capabilities towards pathogenic CD4+ T cells. The presence of increased proportions of mucosal NKT10 cells associated with better clinical outcomes in CD patients. Moreover, an intestinal microbial community enriched in SCFA-producing bacteria sustained the production of IL10 by iNKT cells. Finally, IL10-deficient iNKT cells failed to control the pathogenic activity of adoptively transferred CD4+ T cells in an experimental colitis model., Conclusions: These results describe an unprecedentd IL10-mediated immunoregulatory role of intestinal iNKT cells in controlling the pathogenic functions of mucosal T helper subsets and in maintaining the intestinal immune homeostasis., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
218. Membrane binding of pore-forming γ-hemolysin components studied at different lipid compositions.
- Author
-
Tarenzi T, Lattanzi G, and Potestio R
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Hemolysin Proteins chemistry, Leukocidins chemistry, Leukocidins metabolism, Lipid Bilayers metabolism, Staphylococcus aureus metabolism, Bacterial Toxins chemistry, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus metabolism
- Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is among those pathogens currently posing the highest threat to public health. Its host immune evasion strategy is mediated by pore-forming toxins (PFTs), among which the bi-component γ-hemolysin is one of the most common. The complexity of the porogenesis mechanism by γ-hemolysin poses difficulties in the development of antivirulence therapies targeting PFTs from S. aureus, and sparse and apparently contrasting experimental data have been produced. Here, through a large set of molecular dynamics simulations at different levels of resolution, we investigate the first step of pore formation, and in particular the effect of membrane composition on the ability of γ-hemolysin components, LukF and Hlg2, to steadily adhere to the lipid bilayer in the absence of proteinaceous receptors. Our simulations are in agreement with experimental data of γ-hemolysin pore formation on model membranes, which are here explained on the basis of the bilayer properties. Our computational investigation suggests a possible rationale to explain experimental data on phospholipid binding to the LukF component, and to hypothesise a mechanism by which, on purely lipidic bilayers, the stable anchoring of LukF to the cell surface facilitates Hlg2 binding, through the exposure of its N-terminal region. We expect that further insights on the mechanism of transition between soluble and membrane bound-forms and on the role played by the lipid molecules will contribute to the design of antivirulence agents with enhanced efficacy against methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
219. Energy expenditure and intake in COPD: The extent of unnoticed unbalance by predicting REE.
- Author
-
Finamore P, Lattanzi G, Pedone C, Poci S, Alma A, Scarlata S, Fontana DO, Khazrai YM, and Incalzi RA
- Subjects
- Calorimetry, Indirect, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Rest, Malnutrition, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
- Abstract
Undernourishment is promoted by an unbalance between energy expenditure and intake. Resting energy expenditure (REE) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is commonly predicted using the Harris-Benedict (HB) and the Angelillo-Moore (AM) formulas, however no study has investigated to which extent COPD patients with an energy unbalance go unnoticed when REE is predicted rather than measured with indirect calorimetry. This study demonstrates that 66% and 25% of negatively unbalanced patients go unnoticed when using HB and AM, respectively, urging to discourage the use of REE predicting formulas in clinical practice, at least in cases at risk of undernourishment., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
220. A Comparative Molecular Dynamics Study of Selected Point Mutations in the Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome Protein SBDS.
- Author
-
Spinetti E, Delre P, Saviano M, Siliqi D, Lattanzi G, and Mangiatordi GF
- Subjects
- Humans, Mutation, Point Mutation, Proteins metabolism, Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome genetics, Bone Marrow Diseases genetics, Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Abstract
The Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disease whose majority of patients display mutations in a ribosome assembly protein named Shwachman-Bodian-Diamond Syndrome protein (SBDS). A specific therapy for treating this rare disease is missing, due to the lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis. Starting from the observation that SBDS single-point mutations, localized in different domains of the proteins, are responsible for an SDS phenotype, we carried out the first comparative Molecular Dynamics simulations on three SBDS mutants, namely R19Q, R126T and I212T. The obtained 450-ns long trajectories were compared with those returned by both the open and closed forms of wild type SBDS and strongly indicated that two distinct conformations (open and closed) are both necessary for the proper SBDS function, in full agreement with recent experimental observations. Our study supports the hypothesis that the SBDS function is governed by an allosteric mechanism involving domains I and III and provides new insights into SDS pathogenesis, thus offering a possible starting point for a specific therapeutic option.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
221. Corrigendum to: Immunological Variables Associated With Clinical and Endoscopic Response to Vedolizumab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
- Author
-
Coletta M, Paroni M, Alvisi MF, De Luca M, Rulli E, Mazza S, Facciotti F, Lattanzi G, Strati F, Abrignani S, Claudio Fantini M, Vecchi M, Geginat J, and Caprioli F
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
222. Mucosal Overexpression of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Autoimmune Atrophic Gastritis.
- Author
-
Lenti MV, Facciotti F, Miceli E, Vanoli A, Fornasa G, Lahner E, Spadoni I, Giuffrida P, Arpa G, Pasini A, Rovedatti L, Caprioli F, Travelli C, Lattanzi G, Conti L, Klersy C, Vecchi M, Paulli M, Annibale B, Corazza GR, Rescigno M, and Di Sabatino A
- Subjects
- Aged, Cytokines, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mucous Membrane metabolism, Mucous Membrane pathology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism, Zinc, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Carnosine, Gastritis pathology, Gastritis, Atrophic genetics, Gastritis, Atrophic pathology, Helicobacter Infections pathology, Helicobacter pylori metabolism
- Abstract
Introduction: The immune mechanisms underlying human autoimmune atrophic gastritis (AAG) are poorly understood. We sought to assess immune mucosal alterations in patients with AAG., Methods: In 2017-2021, we collected gastric corpus biopsies from 24 patients with AAG (median age 62 years, interquartile range 56-67, 14 women), 26 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs), and 14 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection (HP). We investigated the lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) populations and the mucosal expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). Ex vivo cytokine production by organ culture biopsies, under different stimuli (short TSLP and zinc-l-carnosine), and the gastric vascular barrier through plasmalemma vesicle-associated protein-1 (PV1) were also assessed., Results: In the subset of CD19+ LPMC, CD38+ cells (plasma cells) were significantly higher in AAG compared with HC. Ex vivo production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-15, and transforming growth factor β1 was significantly higher in AAG compared with HC. At immunofluorescence, both IL-7R and TSLP were more expressed in AAG compared with HC and HP, and short TSLP transcripts were significantly increased in AAG compared with HC. In the supernatants of AAG corpus mucosa, short TSLP significantly reduced TNF-α, while zinc-l-carnosine significantly reduced interferon-γ, TNF-α, IL-21, IL-6, and IL-15. NAMPT transcripts were significantly increased in AAG compared with HC. PV1 was almost absent in AAG, mildly expressed in HC, and overexpressed in HP., Discussion: Plasma cells, proinflammatory cytokines, and altered gastric vascular barrier may play a major role in AAG. TSLP and NAMPT may represent potential therapeutic targets, while zinc-l-carnosine may dampen mucosal inflammation., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The American College of Gastroenterology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
223. Medical devices, smart drug delivery, wearables and technology for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus.
- Author
-
Domingo-Lopez DA, Lattanzi G, H J Schreiber L, Wallace EJ, Wylie R, O'Sullivan J, Dolan EB, and Duffy GP
- Subjects
- Blood Glucose metabolism, Glucagon therapeutic use, Glucose, Humans, Insulin therapeutic use, Technology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Wearable Electronic Devices
- Abstract
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic disorders which affect how the body uses glucose impacting approximately 9% of the population worldwide. This review covers the most recent technological advances envisioned to control and/or reverse Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), many of which will also prove effective in treating the other forms of diabetes mellitus. Current standard therapy for T1DM involves multiple daily glucose measurements and insulin injections. Advances in glucose monitors, hormone delivery systems, and control algorithms generate more autonomous and personalised treatments through hybrid and fully automated closed-loop systems, which significantly reduce hypo- and hyperglycaemic episodes and their subsequent complications. Bi-hormonal systems that co-deliver glucagon or amylin with insulin aim to reduce hypoglycaemic events or increase time spent in target glycaemic range, respectively. Stimuli responsive materials for the controlled delivery of insulin or glucagon are a promising alternative to glucose monitors and insulin pumps. By their self-regulated mechanism, these "smart" drugs modulate their potency, pharmacokinetics and dosing depending on patients' glucose levels. Islet transplantation is a potential cure for T1DM as it restores endogenous insulin and glucagon production, but its use is not yet widespread due to limited islet sources and risks of chronic immunosuppression. New encapsulation strategies that promote angiogenesis and oxygen delivery while protecting islets from recipients' immune response may overcome current limiting factors., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
224. Treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar fractures after CR total knee arthroplasty with retrograde intramedullary nailing in an elderly population: a long term evaluation.
- Author
-
Finzi SS, Berdini M, Carola D, Lattanzi G, Orabona G, Pascarella R, Gigante AP, and Cerbasi S
- Abstract
Retrograde intramedullary fixation has been proposed to improve the rate of union providing greater stability in patients with a posterior cruciate ligament retaining femoral TKA component and decreasing soft-tissue trauma. This study assessed the clinical and radiographical outcome of retrograde intramedullary nailing (RIN) for the treatment of periprosthetic supracondylar fractures of the femur in an elderly population. Between January 2014 and December 2018, 16 patients with PSF underwent RIN. The clinical outcome was evaluated using the Knee Society Score (KSS) and the Short-form health survey (SF-12). The radiographic outcome was evaluated directly on the X-rays. Complications were also described. 13 patients (11 females and 2 males) with a mean age of 84 years old (range, 77-89) were evaluated clinically and radiographically, after a mean of 48.3 months (range, 24-73 months). The SF-12 scores were similar to normative values for subjects in the comparable age group. Radiographic union was obtained in all patients after an average of 14,8 weeks (range, 12-40 weeks) postoperatively. RIN is a safe and effective treatment for PSF, above all in the elderly population. The overall clinical and radiographic result was satisfactory., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
225. Lamin A and the LINC complex act as potential tumor suppressors in Ewing Sarcoma.
- Author
-
Chiarini F, Paganelli F, Balestra T, Capanni C, Fazio A, Manara MC, Landuzzi L, Petrini S, Evangelisti C, Lollini PL, Martelli AM, Lattanzi G, and Scotlandi K
- Subjects
- Humans, Lamin Type A genetics, Lamin Type A metabolism, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Nuclear Proteins metabolism, Nuclear Envelope metabolism, Sarcoma, Ewing genetics, Sarcoma, Ewing metabolism
- Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is involved in mechanosignaling and cell migration through dynamic interactions with the LINC complex, formed by the nuclear envelope proteins SUN1, SUN2 and the nesprins. Here, we investigated lamin A role in Ewing Sarcoma (EWS), an aggressive bone tumor affecting children and young adults. In patients affected by EWS, we found a significant inverse correlation between LMNA gene expression and tumor aggressiveness. Accordingly, in experimental in vitro models, low lamin A expression correlated with enhanced cell migration and invasiveness and, in vivo, with an increased metastatic load. At the molecular level, this condition was linked to altered expression and anchorage of nuclear envelope proteins and increased nuclear retention of YAP/TAZ, a mechanosignaling effector. Conversely, overexpression of lamin A rescued LINC complex organization, thus reducing YAP/TAZ nuclear recruitment and preventing cell invasiveness. These effects were also obtained through modulation of lamin A maturation by a statin-based pharmacological treatment that further elicited a more differentiated phenotype in EWS cells. These results demonstrate that drugs inducing nuclear envelope remodeling could be exploited to improve therapeutic strategies for EWS., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
226. Clinical Profile, Arrhythmias, and Adverse Cardiac Outcomes in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophies: A Systematic Review of the Literature.
- Author
-
Valenti AC, Albini A, Imberti JF, Vitolo M, Bonini N, Lattanzi G, Schnabel RB, and Boriani G
- Abstract
Cardiolaminopathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders which are due to mutations in the genes encoding for nuclear lamins or their binding proteins. The whole spectrum of cardiac manifestations encompasses atrial arrhythmias, conduction disturbances, progressive systolic dysfunction, and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Despite the prognostic significance of cardiac involvement in this setting, the current recommendations lack strong evidence. The aim of our work was to systematically review the current data on the main cardiovascular outcomes in cardiolaminopathies. We searched PubMed/Embase for studies focusing on cardiovascular outcomes in LMNA mutation carriers (atrial arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death, conduction disturbances, thromboembolic events, systolic dysfunction, heart transplantation, and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality). In total, 11 studies were included (1070 patients, mean age between 26-45 years, with follow-up periods ranging from 2.5 years up to 45 ± 12). When available, data on the EMD -mutated population were separately reported (40 patients). The incidence rates (IR) were individually assessed for the outcomes of interest. The IR for atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter/atrial tachycardia ranged between 6.1 and 13.9 events/100 pts-year. The IR of atrial standstill ranged between 0 and 2 events/100 pts-year. The IR for malignant ventricular arrhythmias reached 10.2 events/100 pts-year and 15.6 events/100 pts-year for appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) interventions. The IR for advanced conduction disturbances ranged between 3.2 and 7.7 events/100 pts-year. The IR of thromboembolic events reached up to 8.9 events/100 pts-year. Our results strengthen the need for periodic cardiological evaluation focusing on the early recognition of atrial arrhythmias, and possibly for the choice of preventive strategies for thromboembolic events. The frequent need for cardiac pacing due to advanced conduction disturbances should be counterbalanced with the high risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias that would justify ICD over pacemaker implantation.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
227. Effect of health systems strengthening in influencing maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Bungoma County, Kenya.
- Author
-
Ochieng BM, Lattanzi G, Choge M, Kaseje DCO, and Thind AS
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Kenya epidemiology, Male, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Child Health Services, Maternal Health Services
- Abstract
Introduction: maternal and neonatal health status indicators have steadily improved over time in Kenya. Significant challenges remain, including persistent inequities between population subgroups, and a health system that delivers variable quality care and inconsistent access to care. This paper highlights results of an ex-post evaluation to assess the impact of maternal and health systems strengthening intervention to improve newborn health outcomes in Bungoma County, Kenya, focusing on access to and quality of maternal and neonatal care., Methods: the study design was quasi-experimental, using household surveys to assess outcomes at baseline and end-line. Stratified cluster sampling was used to identify households, based on heath facility catchment areas. Inclusion criteria were women aged 18-49. Chi-square and fisher´s exact tests were used. Patched-up design was used to compare outcomes before and after the intervention and intervention and control sub-counties., Results: provision of transport vouchers decreased barriers to accessto health care, resulting in an increased number of deliveries in health facilities. Women in the end-line group were 95% more likely to deliver at a health facility compared to 74% at baseline. The intervention improved potential and effective access to antenatal care as well as deliveries in health facilities. This positively impacted quality of care provision in the sub-counties., Conclusion: key elements of health system strengthening included reducing cost barriers and enhancing the capacity of the health facilities to deliver high quality care. The intervention addressed commonly identified supply-and demand-side barriers, providing stronger evidence that addressing these hindrances would improve utilization of maternal and child health services., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright: Beverly Marion Ochieng et al.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
228. The wide and growing range of lamin B-related diseases: from laminopathies to cancer.
- Author
-
Evangelisti C, Rusciano I, Mongiorgi S, Ramazzotti G, Lattanzi G, Manzoli L, Cocco L, and Ratti S
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Brain Diseases metabolism, Lamin Type B physiology, Laminopathies metabolism, Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
B-type lamins are fundamental components of the nuclear lamina, a complex structure that acts as a scaffold for organization and function of the nucleus. Lamin B1 and B2, the most represented isoforms, are encoded by LMNB1 and LMNB2 gene, respectively. All B-type lamins are synthesized as precursors and undergo sequential post-translational modifications to generate the mature protein. B-type lamins are involved in a wide range of nuclear functions, including DNA replication and repair, regulation of chromatin and nuclear stiffness. Moreover, lamins B1 and B2 regulate several cellular processes, such as tissue development, cell cycle, cellular proliferation, senescence, and DNA damage response. During embryogenesis, B-type lamins are essential for organogenesis, in particular for brain development. As expected from the numerous and pivotal functions of B-type lamins, mutations in their genes or fluctuations in their expression levels are critical for the onset of several diseases. Indeed, a growing range of human disorders have been linked to lamin B1 or B2, increasing the complexity of the group of diseases collectively known as laminopathies. This review highlights the recent findings on the biological role of B-type lamins under physiological or pathological conditions, with a particular emphasis on brain disorders and cancer., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
229. An extra virgin olive oil-enriched chocolate spread positively modulates insulin-resistance markers compared with a palm oil-enriched one in healthy young adults: A double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial.
- Author
-
Tuccinardi D, Di Mauro A, Lattanzi G, Rossini G, Monte L, Beato I, Spiezia C, Bravo M, Watanabe M, Soare A, Kyanvash S, Armirotti A, Bertozzi SM, Gastaldelli A, Pedone C, Khazrai YM, Pozzilli P, and Manfrini S
- Subjects
- Adult, Cross-Over Studies, Humans, Olive Oil, Palm Oil, Young Adult, Chocolate, Insulin Resistance, Insulins
- Abstract
Aims: To investigate if extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or palm oil enriched chocolate spreads consumption leads to different results in terms of plasma ceramides concentration, glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammatory markers and appetite regulation in young healthy subjects., Methods: In a 2-week, double-blind, cross-over, randomised controlled trial, 20 healthy, normal-weight subjects with a mean age of 24.2 years (SD: 1.2), consumed chocolate spread snacks (73% of energy [%E] from fat, 20% from carbohydrates and 7% from proteins), providing 570 Kcal/day added to an isocaloric diet. The chocolate spreads were identical, except for the type of fat: EVOO oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), or palm oil, rich in Saturated Fatty Acids (SFAs)., Results: EVOO-enriched chocolate spread consumption led to better circulating sphingolipids and glucose profile, with reduced plasma ceramide C16:0, ceramide C16:0/ceramide C22:0-ceramide C24:0 ratio and sphingomyelin C18:0 (P = 0.030, P= 0.032 and P = 0.042, respectively) compared to the palm oil-enriched chocolate spread diet. HOMA-IR and plasma insulin were lower, while the Quicki and the McAuley Index were higher after the EVOO diet compared to the palm oil diet (P = 0.046, P = 0.045, P = 0.018 and P = 0.039 respectively). Subjects maintained a stable weight throughout the study. No major significant changes in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, inflammatory markers, and appetite-regulating hormones/visual analogue scale were observed between the groups., Conclusions: Partially replacing SFAs with MUFAs in a chocolate-based snack as part of a short-term isocaloric diet in healthy individuals may limit SFAs detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and decrease circulating harmful sphingolipids in young adults., (© 2021 VENCHI SpA. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
230. Genomic loci mispositioning in Tmem120a knockout mice yields latent lipodystrophy.
- Author
-
Czapiewski R, Batrakou DG, de Las Heras JI, Carter RN, Sivakumar A, Sliwinska M, Dixon CR, Webb S, Lattanzi G, Morton NM, and Schirmer EC
- Subjects
- 3T3-L1 Cells, Adipocytes metabolism, Adipogenesis genetics, Adipose Tissue, Brown metabolism, Adipose Tissue, White metabolism, Animals, Body Weight, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Diet, High-Fat, Enhancer Elements, Genetic genetics, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Ion Channels metabolism, Lamin Type B metabolism, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Muscle Development genetics, Nuclear Envelope metabolism, Obesity genetics, Organ Specificity, Oxidation-Reduction, RNA genetics, RNA metabolism, Genetic Loci, Ion Channels deficiency, Lipodystrophy genetics
- Abstract
Little is known about how the observed fat-specific pattern of 3D-spatial genome organisation is established. Here we report that adipocyte-specific knockout of the gene encoding nuclear envelope transmembrane protein Tmem120a disrupts fat genome organisation, thus causing a lipodystrophy syndrome. Tmem120a deficiency broadly suppresses lipid metabolism pathway gene expression and induces myogenic gene expression by repositioning genes, enhancers and miRNA-encoding loci between the nuclear periphery and interior. Tmem120a
-/- mice, particularly females, exhibit a lipodystrophy syndrome similar to human familial partial lipodystrophy FPLD2, with profound insulin resistance and metabolic defects that manifest upon exposure to an obesogenic diet. Interestingly, similar genome organisation defects occurred in cells from FPLD2 patients that harbour nuclear envelope protein encoding LMNA mutations. Our data indicate TMEM120A genome organisation functions affect many adipose functions and its loss may yield adiposity spectrum disorders, including a miRNA-based mechanism that could explain muscle hypertrophy in human lipodystrophy., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
231. A Single mtDNA Deletion in Association with a LMNA Gene New Frameshift Variant: A Case Report.
- Author
-
Montano V, Mancuso M, Simoncini C, Torri F, Chico L, Ali G, Rocchi A, Baldinotti F, Caligo MA, Lattanzi G, Mattioli E, Cenacchi G, Barison A, Siciliano G, and Ricci G
- Subjects
- DNA, Mitochondrial genetics, Humans, Lamin Type A genetics, Muscle Weakness complications, Mutation, Muscular Dystrophies genetics, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle diagnosis, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle genetics
- Abstract
Background: Proximal muscle weakness may be the presenting clinical feature of different types of myopathies, including limb girdle muscular dystrophy and primary mitochondrial myopathy. LGMD1B is caused by LMNA mutation. It is characterized by progressive weakness and wasting leading to proximal weakness, cardiomyopathy, and hearth conduction block., Objective: In this article, we describe the case of a patient who presented with limb-girdle weakness and a double trouble scenario -mitochondrial DNA single deletion and a new LMNA mutation., Methods: Pathophysiological aspects were investigated with muscle biopsy, Western Blot analysis, NGS nuclear and mtDNA analysis and neuromuscular imaging (muscle and cardiac MRI)., Results: Although secondary mitochondrial involvement is possible, a "double trouble" syndrome can not be excluded., Conclusion: Implication deriving from hypothetical coexistence of two different pathological conditions or the possible secondary mitochondrial involvement are discussed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
232. Microbiota-targeted therapies in inflammation resolution.
- Author
-
Strati F, Lattanzi G, Amoroso C, and Facciotti F
- Subjects
- Humans, Dysbiosis therapy, Inflammation therapy, Gastrointestinal Tract, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Microbiota
- Abstract
Gut microbiota has been shown to systemically shape the immunological landscape, modulate homeostasis and play a role in both health and disease. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota promotes inflammation and contributes to the pathogenesis of several major disorders in gastrointestinal tract, metabolic, neurological and respiratory diseases. Much effort is now focused on understanding host-microbes interactions and new microbiota-targeted therapies are deeply investigated as a means to restore health or prevent disease. This review details the immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in health and disease and discusses the most recent strategies in manipulating individual patient's microbiota for the management and prevention of inflammatory conditions., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
233. Retrotransposons Down- and Up-Regulation in Aging Somatic Tissues.
- Author
-
Giordani G, Cavaliere V, Gargiulo G, Lattanzi G, and Andrenacci D
- Subjects
- Animals, Aging genetics, Down-Regulation genetics, Drosophila melanogaster genetics, Retroelements genetics, Up-Regulation genetics
- Abstract
The transposon theory of aging hypothesizes the activation of transposable elements (TEs) in somatic tissues with age, leading to a shortening of the lifespan. It is thought that TE activation in aging produces an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, contributing to genome instability and promoting the activation of inflammatory responses. To investigate how TE regulation changes in somatic tissues during aging, we analyzed the expression of some TEs, as well as a source of small RNAs that specifically silence the analyzed TEs; the Drosophila cluster named flamenco . We found significant variations in the expression levels of all the analyzed TEs during aging, with a trend toward reduction in middle-aged adults and reactivation in older individuals that suggests dynamic regulation during the lifespan.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
234. Human intestinal and circulating invariant natural killer T cells are cytotoxic against colorectal cancer cells via the perforin-granzyme pathway.
- Author
-
Díaz-Basabe A, Burrello C, Lattanzi G, Botti F, Carrara A, Cassinotti E, Caprioli F, and Facciotti F
- Subjects
- Granzymes metabolism, Humans, Perforin metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Natural Killer T-Cells metabolism
- Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-specific T lymphocytes endowed with cytotoxic activities and are thus considered important in antitumor immunity. While several studies have demonstrated iNKT cell cytotoxicity against different tumors, very little is known about their cell-killing activities in human colorectal cancer (CRC). Our aim was to assess whether human iNKT cells are cytotoxic against colon cancer cells and the mechanisms underlying this activity. For this purpose, we generated stable iNKT cell lines from peripheral blood and colon specimens and used NK-92 and peripheral blood natural killer cells as cell-mediated cytotoxicity controls. In vitro cytotoxicity was assessed using a panel of well-characterized human CRC cell lines, and the cellular requirements for iNKT cell cytotoxic functions were evaluated. We demonstrated that both intestinal and circulating iNKT cells were cytotoxic against the entire panel of CRC lines, as well as against freshly isolated patient-derived colonic epithelial cancer cells. Perforin and/or granzyme inhibition impaired iNKT cell cytotoxicity, whereas T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling was a less stringent requirement for efficient killing. This study is the first evidence of tissue-derived iNKT cell cytotoxic activity in humans, as it shows that iNKT cells depend on the perforin-granzyme pathway and both adaptive and innate signal recognition for proper elimination of colon cancer cells., (© 2021 The Authors. Molecular Oncology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
235. The circadian clock regulates rhythmic erythropoietin expression in the murine kidney.
- Author
-
Sciesielski LK, Felten M, Michalick L, Kirschner KM, Lattanzi G, Jacobi CLJ, Wallach T, Lang V, Landgraf D, Kramer A, and Dame C
- Subjects
- ARNTL Transcription Factors genetics, ARNTL Transcription Factors metabolism, Animals, CLOCK Proteins genetics, CLOCK Proteins metabolism, Circadian Rhythm genetics, Cryptochromes genetics, Cryptochromes metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Homozygote, Kidney metabolism, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Sequence Deletion, Circadian Clocks genetics, Erythropoietin
- Abstract
Generation of circadian rhythms is cell-autonomous and relies on a transcription/translation feedback loop controlled by a family of circadian clock transcription factor activators including CLOCK, BMAL1 and repressors such as CRY1 and CRY2. The aim of the present study was to examine both the molecular mechanism and the hemopoietic implication of circadian erythropoietin expression. Mutant mice with homozygous deletion of the core circadian clock genes cryptochromes 1 and 2 (Cry-null) were used to elucidate circadian erythropoietin regulation. Wild-type control mice exhibited a significant difference in kidney erythropoietin mRNA expression between circadian times 06 and 18. In parallel, a significantly higher number of erythropoietin-producing cells in the kidney (by RNAscope®) and significantly higher levels of circulating erythropoietin protein (by ELISA) were detected at circadian time 18. Such changes were abolished in Cry-null mice and were independent from oxygen tension, oxygen saturation, or expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha, indicating that circadian erythropoietin expression is transcriptionally regulated by CRY1 and CRY2. Reporter gene assays showed that the CLOCK/BMAL1 heterodimer activated an E-box element in the 5' erythropoietin promoter. RNAscope® in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of Bmal1 in erythropoietin-producing cells of the kidney. In Cry-null mice, a significantly reduced number of reticulocytes was found while erythrocyte numbers and hematocrit were unchanged. Thus, circadian erythropoietin regulation in the normoxic adult murine kidney is transcriptionally controlled by master circadian activators CLOCK/BMAL1, and repressors CRY1/CRY2. These findings may have implications for kidney physiology and disease, laboratory diagnostics, and anemia therapy., (Copyright © 2021 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
236. The Foreign Body Response to an Implantable Therapeutic Reservoir in a Diabetic Rodent Model.
- Author
-
Beatty R, Lu CE, Marzi J, Levey RE, Carvajal Berrio D, Lattanzi G, Wylie R, O'Connor R, Wallace E, Ghersi G, Salamone M, Dolan EB, Layland SL, Schenke-Layland K, and Duffy GP
- Subjects
- Animals, Prostheses and Implants, Rodentia, X-Ray Microtomography, Diabetes Mellitus, Foreign Bodies diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Advancements in type 1 diabetes mellitus treatments have vastly improved in recent years. The move toward a bioartificial pancreas and other fully implantable systems could help restore patient's glycemic control. However, the long-term success of implantable medical devices is often hindered by the foreign body response. Fibrous encapsulation "walls off" the implant to the surrounding tissue, impairing its functionality. In this study we aim to examine how streptozotocin-induced diabetes affects fibrous capsule formation and composition surrounding implantable drug delivery devices following subcutaneous implantation in a rodent model. After 2 weeks of implantation, the fibrous capsule surrounding the devices were examined by means of Raman spectroscopy, micro-computed tomography (μCT), and histological analysis. Results revealed no change in mean fibrotic capsule thickness between diabetic and healthy animals as measured by μCT. Macrophage numbers (CCR7 and CD163 positive) remained similar across all groups. True component analysis also showed no quantitative difference in the alpha-smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix proteins. Although principal component analysis revealed significant secondary structural difference in collagen I in the diabetic group, no evidence indicates an influence on fibrous capsule composition surrounding the device. This study confirms that diabetes did not have an effect on the fibrous capsule thickness or composition surrounding our implantable drug delivery device. Impact Statement Understanding the impact diabetes has on the foreign body response (FBR) to our implanted material is essential for developing an effective drug delivery device. We used several approaches (Raman spectroscopy and micro-computed tomography imaging) to demonstrate a well-rounded understanding of the diabetic impact on the FBR to our devices, which is imperative for its clinical translation.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
237. Comparative Molecular Dynamics Investigation of the Electromotile Hearing Protein Prestin.
- Author
-
Abrusci G, Tarenzi T, Sturlese M, Giachin G, Battistutta R, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Anion Transport Proteins metabolism, Binding Sites, Protein Structure, Secondary, Rats, Sequence Homology, Sulfate Transporters metabolism, Zebrafish, Zebrafish Proteins metabolism, Anion Transport Proteins chemistry, Cell Membrane metabolism, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Sulfate Transporters chemistry, Zebrafish Proteins chemistry
- Abstract
The mammalian protein prestin is expressed in the lateral membrane wall of the cochlear hair outer cells and is responsible for the electromotile response of the basolateral membrane, following hyperpolarisation or depolarisation of the cells. Its impairment marks the onset of severe diseases, like non-syndromic deafness. Several studies have pointed out possible key roles of residues located in the Transmembrane Domain (TMD) that differentiate mammalian prestins as incomplete transporters from the other proteins belonging to the same solute-carrier (SLC) superfamily, which are classified as complete transporters. Here, we exploit the homology of a prototypical incomplete transporter (rat prestin, rPres) and a complete transporter (zebrafish prestin, zPres) with target structures in the outward open and inward open conformations. The resulting models are then embedded in a model membrane and investigated via a rigorous molecular dynamics simulation protocol. The resulting trajectories are analyzed to obtain quantitative descriptors of the equilibration phase and to assess a structural comparison between proteins in different states, and between different proteins in the same state. Our study clearly identifies a network of key residues at the interface between the gate and the core domains of prestin that might be responsible for the conformational change observed in complete transporters and hindered in incomplete transporters. In addition, we study the pathway of Cl- ions in the presence of an applied electric field towards their putative binding site in the gate domain. Based on our simulations, we propose a tilt and shift mechanism of the helices surrounding the ion binding cavity as the working principle of the reported conformational changes in complete transporters.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
238. Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Disorders Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Intermediate Filament Proteins.
- Author
-
Maggi L, Mavroidis M, Psarras S, Capetanaki Y, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Lamin Type A genetics, Lamin Type A metabolism, Cardiomyopathies genetics, Cardiomyopathies pathology, Intermediate Filament Proteins genetics, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Muscle, Skeletal pathology, Mutation genetics, Myocardium metabolism, Myocardium pathology
- Abstract
Intermediate filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton. Desmin and synemin, cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and A-type lamins, nuclear intermediate filament proteins, play key roles in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Desmin, encoded by the DES gene (OMIM *125660) and A-type lamins by the LMNA gene (OMIM *150330), have been involved in striated muscle disorders. Diseases include desmin-related myopathy and cardiomyopathy (desminopathy), which can be manifested with dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, or even left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2 and EDMD3, due to LMNA mutations), LMNA -related congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) and LMNA -linked dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction system defects (CMD1A). Recently, mutations in synemin ( SYNM gene, OMIM *606087) have been linked to cardiomyopathy. This review will summarize clinical and molecular aspects of desmin-, lamin- and synemin-related striated muscle disorders with focus on LMNA and DES -associated clinical entities and will suggest pathogenetic hypotheses based on the interplay of desmin and lamin A/C. In healthy muscle, such interplay is responsible for the involvement of this network in mechanosignaling, nuclear positioning and mitochondrial homeostasis, while in disease it is disturbed, leading to myocyte death and activation of inflammation and the associated secretome alterations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
239. Morphological study of TNPO3 and SRSF1 interaction during myogenesis by combining confocal, structured illumination and electron microscopy analysis.
- Author
-
Costa R, Rodia MT, Zini N, Pegoraro V, Marozzo R, Capanni C, Angelini C, Lattanzi G, Santi S, and Cenacchi G
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Line, Mice, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Cell Nucleus ultrastructure, Cytoplasm metabolism, Cytoplasm ultrastructure, Muscle Development, Serine-Arginine Splicing Factors metabolism, beta Karyopherins metabolism
- Abstract
Transportin3 (TNPO3) shuttles the SR proteins from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The SR family includes essential splicing factors, such as SRSF1, that influence alternative splicing, controlling protein diversity in muscle and satellite cell differentiation. Given the importance of alternative splicing in the myogenic process and in the maintenance of healthy muscle, alterations in the splicing mechanism might contribute to the development of muscle disorders. Combining confocal, structured illumination and electron microscopy, we investigated the expression of TNPO3 and SRSF1 during myogenesis, looking at nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. We investigated TNPO3 and its interaction with SRSF1 and we observed that SRSF1 remained mainly localized in the nucleus, while TNPO3 decreased in the cytoplasm and was strongly clustered in the nuclei of differentiated myotubes. In conclusion, combining different imaging techniques led us to describe the behavior of TNPO3 and SRSF1 during myogenesis, showing that their dynamics follow the myogenic process and could influence the proteomic network necessary during myogenesis. The combination of different high-, super- and ultra-resolution imaging techniques led us to describe the behavior of TNPO3 and its interaction with SRSF1, looking at nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. These observations represent a first step in understanding the role of TNPO3 and SRFSF1 in complex mechanisms, such as myogenesis.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
240. Antibiotic-associated dysbiosis affects the ability of the gut microbiota to control intestinal inflammation upon fecal microbiota transplantation in experimental colitis models.
- Author
-
Strati F, Pujolassos M, Burrello C, Giuffrè MR, Lattanzi G, Caprioli F, Troisi J, and Facciotti F
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Colitis immunology, Colitis pathology, Dysbiosis chemically induced, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome immunology, Humans, Male, Metronidazole pharmacology, Mice, Natural Killer T-Cells drug effects, Natural Killer T-Cells immunology, Streptomycin adverse effects, Th1 Cells drug effects, Th1 Cells immunology, Th17 Cells drug effects, Th17 Cells immunology, Vancomycin adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis microbiology, Disease Models, Animal, Dysbiosis microbiology, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects
- Abstract
Background: The gut microbiota plays a central role in host physiology and in several pathological mechanisms in humans. Antibiotics compromise the composition and functions of the gut microbiota inducing long-lasting detrimental effects on the host. Recent studies suggest that the efficacy of different clinical therapies depends on the action of the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated how different antibiotic treatments affect the ability of the gut microbiota to control intestinal inflammation upon fecal microbiota transplantation in an experimental colitis model and in ex vivo experiments with human intestinal biopsies., Results: Murine fecal donors were pre-treated with different antibiotics, i.e., vancomycin, streptomycin, and metronidazole before FMT administration to colitic animals. The analysis of the gut microbiome, fecal metabolome, and the immunophenotyping of colonic lamina propria immune cells revealed that antibiotic pre-treatment significantly influences the capability of the microbiota to control intestinal inflammation. Streptomycin and vancomycin-treated microbiota failed to control intestinal inflammation and were characterized by the blooming of pathobionts previously associated with IBD as well as with metabolites related to the presence of oxidative stress and metabolism of simple sugars. On the contrary, the metronidazole-treated microbiota retained its ability to control inflammation co-occurring with the enrichment of Lactobacillus and of innate immune responses involving iNKT cells. Furthermore, ex vivo cultures of human intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells and iNKT cell clones from IBD patients with vancomycin pre-treated sterile fecal water showed a Th1/Th17 skewing in CD4
+ T-cell populations; metronidazole, on the other hand, induced the polarization of iNKT cells toward the production of IL10., Conclusions: Diverse antibiotic regimens affect the ability of the gut microbiota to control intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis by altering the microbial community structure and microbiota-derived metabolites. Video Abstract.- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
241. Joining European Scientific Forces to Face Pandemics.
- Author
-
Vasconcelos MH, Alcaro S, Arechavala-Gomeza V, Baumbach J, Borges F, Brevini TAL, Rivas JL, Devaux Y, Hozak P, Keinänen-Toivola MM, Lattanzi G, Mohr T, Murovska M, Prusty BK, Quinlan RA, Pérez-Sala D, Scheibenbogen C, Schmidt HHHW, Silveira I, Tieri P, Tolios A, and Riganti C
- Subjects
- Communication, Europe, Humans, Laboratory Personnel, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Biomedical Research organization & administration, COVID-19 virology, SARS-CoV-2 physiology
- Abstract
Despite the international guidelines on the containment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the European scientific community was not sufficiently prepared to coordinate scientific efforts. To improve preparedness for future pandemics, we have initiated a network of nine European-funded Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Actions that can help facilitate inter-, multi-, and trans-disciplinary communication and collaboration., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
242. Ectopic Expression of Ankrd2 Affects Proliferation, Motility and Clonogenic Potential of Human Osteosarcoma Cells.
- Author
-
Piazzi M, Kojic S, Capanni C, Stamenkovic N, Bavelloni A, Marin O, Lattanzi G, Blalock W, and Cenni V
- Abstract
Ankrd2 is a protein known for being mainly expressed in muscle fibers, where it participates in the mechanical stress response. Since both myocytes and osteoblasts are mesenchymal-derived cells, we were interested in examining the role of Ankrd2 in the progression of osteosarcoma which features a mechano-stress component. Although having been identified in many tumor-derived cell lines and -tissues, no study has yet described nor hypothesized any involvement for this protein in osteosarcoma tumorigenesis. In this paper, we report that Ankrd2 is expressed in cell lines obtained from human osteosarcoma and demonstrate a contribution by this protein in the pathogenesis of this insidious disease. Ankrd2 involvement in osteosarcoma development was evaluated in clones of Saos2, U2OS, HOS and MG63 cells stably expressing Ankrd2, through the investigation of hallmark processes of cancer cells. Interestingly, we found that exogenous expression of Ankrd2 influenced cellular growth, migration and clonogenicity in a cell line-dependent manner, whereas it was able to improve the formation of 3D spheroids in three out of four cellular models and enhanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in all tested cell lines. Conversely, downregulation of Ankrd2 expression remarkably reduced proliferation and clonogenic potential of parental cells. As a whole, our data present Ankrd2 as a novel player in osteosarcoma development, opening up new therapeutic perspectives.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
243. Interleukin-6 neutralization ameliorates symptoms in prematurely aged mice.
- Author
-
Squarzoni S, Schena E, Sabatelli P, Mattioli E, Capanni C, Cenni V, D'Apice MR, Andrenacci D, Sarli G, Pellegrino V, Festa A, Baruffaldi F, Storci G, Bonafè M, Barboni C, Sanapo M, Zaghini A, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Humans, Mice, Progeria pathology, Interleukin-6 metabolism, Progeria genetics
- Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) causes premature aging in children, with adipose tissue, skin and bone deterioration, and cardiovascular impairment. In HGPS cells and mouse models, high levels of interleukin-6, an inflammatory cytokine linked to aging processes, have been detected. Here, we show that inhibition of interleukin-6 activity by tocilizumab, a neutralizing antibody raised against interleukin-6 receptors, counteracts progeroid features in both HGPS fibroblasts and Lmna
G609G / G609G progeroid mice. Tocilizumab treatment limits the accumulation of progerin, the toxic protein produced in HGPS cells, rescues nuclear envelope and chromatin abnormalities, and attenuates the hyperactivated DNA damage response. In vivo administration of tocilizumab reduces aortic lesions and adipose tissue dystrophy, delays the onset of lipodystrophy and kyphosis, avoids motor impairment, and preserves a good quality of life in progeroid mice. This work identifies tocilizumab as a valuable tool in HGPS therapy and, speculatively, in the treatment of a variety of aging-related disorders., (© 2021 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
244. Theoretical insights on acceptor-donor dyads for organic photovoltaics.
- Author
-
Turelli M, Alberga D, Lattanzi G, Ciofini I, and Adamo C
- Abstract
The field of organic photovoltaics has witnessed a steady growth in the last few decades and a recent renewal with the blossoming of single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs). However, due to the intrinsic complexity of these devices (both in terms of their size and of the condensed phases involved), computational approaches to accurately predict their geometrical and electronic structure and to link their microscopic properties to the observed macroscopic behaviour are still lacking. In this work, we have focused on the rationalization of transport dynamics and we have set up a computational approach that makes a combined use of classical simulations and Density Functional Theory with the aim of disclosing the most relevant electronic and structural features of dyads used for SMOSC applications. As a prototype dyad, we have considered a molecule that consists in a dithiafulvalene-functionalized diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), acting as an electron donor, covalently linked to a fulleropyrrolidine (Ful), the electron acceptor. Our results, beside a quantitative agreement with experiments, show that the overall observed mobilities result from the competing packing mechanisms of the constituting units within the dyad both in the case of crystalline and amorphous phases. As a consequence, not all stable polymorphs have the same efficiency in transporting holes or electrons which often results in a highly directional carrier transport that is not, in general, a desirable feature for polycrystalline thin-films. The present work, linking microscopic packing to observed transport, thus opens the route for the in silico design of new dyads with enhanced and controlled structural and electronic features.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
245. Cutaneous and metabolic defects associated with nuclear abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model expressing R527H lamin A mutation causing mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MADA) syndrome.
- Author
-
D'Apice MR, De Dominicis A, Murdocca M, Amati F, Botta A, Sangiuolo F, Lattanzi G, Federici M, and Novelli G
- Subjects
- Acro-Osteolysis pathology, Animals, Female, Lipodystrophy pathology, Male, Mandible metabolism, Mandible pathology, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Acro-Osteolysis etiology, Acro-Osteolysis metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Lamin Type A genetics, Lipodystrophy etiology, Lipodystrophy metabolism, Mandible abnormalities, Mutation genetics, Skin pathology
- Abstract
LMNA gene encodes for lamin A/C, attractive proteins linked to nuclear structure and functions. When mutated, it causes different rare diseases called laminopathies. In particular, an Arginine change in Histidine in position 527 (p.Arg527His) falling in the C-terminal domain of lamin A precursor form (prelamin A) causes mandibuloacral dysplasia Type A (MADA), a segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by skin, bone and metabolic anomalies. The well-characterized cellular models made difficult to assess the tissue-specific functions of 527His prelamin A. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of a MADA transgenic mouse overexpressing 527His LMNA gene, encoding mutated prelamin A. Bodyweight is slightly affected, while no difference in lifespan was observed in transgenic animals. Mild metabolic anomalies and thinning and loss of hairs from the back were the other observed phenotypic MADA manifestations. Histological analysis of tissues relevant for MADA syndrome revealed slight increase in adipose tissue inflammatory cells and a reduction of hypodermis due to a loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. At cellular levels, transgenic cutaneous fibroblasts displayed nuclear envelope aberrations, presence of prelamin A, proliferation, and senescence rate defects. Gene transcriptional pattern was found differentially modulated between transgenic and wildtype animals, too. In conclusion, the presence of 527His Prelamin A accumulation is further linked to the appearance of mild progeroid features and metabolic disorder without lifespan reduction., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The Authors declare no conflict of interest, (©2020 Gaetano Conte Academy - Mediterranean Society of Myology, Naples, Italy.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
246. Very low calorie ketogenic diets in overweight and obesity treatment: Effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota.
- Author
-
Di Rosa C, Lattanzi G, Taylor SF, Manfrini S, and Khazrai YM
- Subjects
- Body Composition, Humans, Lipids, Quality of Life, Diet, Ketogenic, Microbiota, Obesity diet therapy, Overweight diet therapy
- Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the prevalence of obesity tripled worldwide since 1975. Obesity prevention and treatment is based upon lifestyle changes involving eating habits, physical activity and behaviour therapy. Various dietary patterns have been used as nutritional strategies and, in recent years, interest has been shown in very low calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKD) that provide less than 800 calories (kcal), no more than 20-50 g/day of carbohydrates and 0.8-1.5 g/kg ideal body weight of protein. We conducted a literature review of all clinical trials published between January 2014-November 2019 on people with obesity (PWO) that evaluated VLCKD effects on anthropometric parameters, body composition, satiety, lipid profile and microbiota. Findings from literature showed that VLCKD could be useful to ameliorate the quality of life and sleep of PWO. It leads to a rapid weight loss and results in improvements in body mass index (BMI = kg/m
2 ), waist circumference and fat mass reduction preserving lean body mass and resting metabolic rate. This eating pattern reduced the desire to eat and increased satiety. Little is known regarding the effects of VLCKD on the microbiota of PWO for which it is important to conduct further studies., (Copyright © 2020 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Persistence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Convalescent Health Care Workers.
- Author
-
Bruni M, Cecatiello V, Diaz-Basabe A, Lattanzi G, Mileti E, Monzani S, Pirovano L, Rizzelli F, Visintin C, Bonizzi G, Giani M, Lavitrano M, Faravelli S, Forneris F, Caprioli F, Pelicci PG, Natoli G, Pasqualato S, Mapelli M, and Facciotti F
- Abstract
Although antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 can be detected early during the infection, several outstanding questions remain to be addressed regarding the magnitude and persistence of antibody titer against different viral proteins and their correlation with the strength of the immune response. An ELISA assay has been developed by expressing and purifying the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), Soluble Ectodomain (Spike), and full length Nucleocapsid protein (N). Sera from healthcare workers affected by non-severe COVID-19 were longitudinally collected over four weeks, and compared to sera from patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and SARS-CoV-2-negative subjects for the presence of IgM, IgG and IgA antibodies as well as soluble pro-inflammatory mediators in the sera. Non-hospitalized subjects showed lower antibody titers and blood pro-inflammatory cytokine profiles as compared to patients in Intensive Care Units (ICU), irrespective of the antibodies tested. Noteworthy, in non-severe COVID-19 infections, antibody titers against RBD and Spike, but not against the N protein, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines decreased within a month after viral clearance. Thus, rapid decline in antibody titers and in pro-inflammatory cytokines may be a common feature of non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggesting that antibody-mediated protection against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2 is of short duration. These results suggest caution in using serological testing to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
248. Immunological Variables Associated With Clinical and Endoscopic Response to Vedolizumab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
- Author
-
Coletta M, Paroni M, Alvisi MF, De Luca M, Rulli E, Mazza S, Facciotti F, Lattanzi G, Strati F, Abrignani S, Fantini MC, Vecchi M, Geginat J, and Caprioli F
- Subjects
- Adult, Biopsy methods, Colonoscopy methods, Cytokines analysis, Cytokines classification, Duration of Therapy, Female, Gastrointestinal Agents administration & dosage, Gastrointestinal Agents adverse effects, Gastrointestinal Agents immunology, Humans, Italy, Male, Monitoring, Immunologic methods, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, T-Lymphocyte Subsets pathology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized administration & dosage, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized adverse effects, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized immunology, Colitis, Ulcerative drug therapy, Colitis, Ulcerative immunology, Colitis, Ulcerative pathology, Crohn Disease drug therapy, Crohn Disease immunology, Crohn Disease pathology, Integrins antagonists & inhibitors, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Remission Induction methods
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Vedolizumab [VDZ] is a monoclonal antibody directed against the α4β7 integrin heterodimer, approved for patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. This study aimed at identifying immunological variables associated with response to vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn's disease [CD]., Methods: This is a phase IV explorative prospective interventional trial. IBD patients received open-label VDZ at Weeks 0, 2, 6, and 14. Patients with a clinical response at Week 14 were maintained with VDZ up to Week 54. At Weeks 0 and 14, their peripheral blood was obtained and endoscopy with biopsies was performed. The Week 14 clinical response and remission, Week 54 clinical remission, and Week 14 endoscopic response were evaluated as endpoints of the study. The expression of surface markers, chemokine receptors, and α4β7 heterodimer in peripheral blood and lamina propria lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry. A panel of soluble mediators was assessed in sera at baseline and at Week 14 by 45-plex., Results: A total of 38 IBD patients [20 UC, 18 CD] were included in the study. At Week 14, the clinical response and remission rates were 87% and 66%, respectively. Higher baseline levels of circulating memory Th1 cells were strongly associated with clinical response at Week 14 [p = 0.0001], whereas reduced baseline levels of lamina propria memory Th17 and Th1/17 cells were associated with endoscopic response. Immunological clusters were found to be independently associated with vedolizumab outcomes at multivariable analysis. A panel of soluble markers, including IL17A, TNF, CXCL1, CCL19 for CD and G-CSF and IL7 for UC, associated with vedolizumab-induced Week 54 clinical remission., Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study uncovered a panel of circulating and mucosal immunological variables associated with response to treatment with vedolizumab., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes.
- Author
-
Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, and Lattanzi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Lamin Type A genetics, MicroRNAs, Mutation, Nuclear Proteins, Progeria genetics, Protein Precursors genetics, Aging genetics
- Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
250. Transportin 3 (TNPO3) and related proteins in limb girdle muscular dystrophy D2 muscle biopsies: A morphological study and pathogenetic hypothesis.
- Author
-
Costa R, Rodia MT, Vianello S, Santi S, Lattanzi G, Angelini C, Pegoraro E, and Cenacchi G
- Subjects
- Biopsy, Computer Simulation, Exome, Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Muscle Proteins, Muscles pathology, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle genetics, Mutation genetics, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Tripartite Motif Proteins, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle pathology, beta Karyopherins genetics
- Abstract
LGMD D2 is a disease caused by TNPO3 mutation. We describe the expression of TNPO3 and selected proteins, likely modified by TNPO3 mutation, in muscle biopsies of affected patients. We also aim to find other genes involved in pathways correlated to TNPO3. Our morphological study on LGMD D2 muscle described the expression of TNPO3 and SRSF1, a splicing factor transported by TNPO3. Moreover, we investigated some sarcomeric and nuclear proteins, likely altered by TNPO3 mutation. Through an in silico approach we tried to identify genes involved in pathways that include, besides TNPO3 and SRSF1, p62 and Murf-1, altered in LGMD D2. In patients' muscles TNPO3 appeared weaker and randomly organized, with sporadic cytoplasmic aggregates positive for TNPO3; both SRSF1 and sarcomeric alpha actinin showed a different expression, while there were no alterations in the expression of the nuclear proteins. The in silico study lead to identify five genes, all coding for proteins responsible for muscle contraction. Our data suggest a possible interference in the morphology and function of myofibrillar network by mutated TNPO3; these findings are supported by the in silico identification of genes involved in muscle contraction that could help to explain the pathogenic mechanisms of LGMD D2., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.