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In the last decade, there have been an increasing number of studies on female entrepreneurship and its relationship with communication activity. However, as a worldwide current issue, there are no records in the scientific literature in which a bibliometric analysis has been performed in this field. This article aims to fill this gap by reviewing the present situation of research production and analyzing its evolution and trends. To this end, a systematic review of the existing literature is carried out, as well as the bibliometric analysis of the 1356 records found in the Scopus database and the analysis of bibliometric networks referring to authorship, citation, keywords and main affiliations of researchers with VOSviewer software. Among the results, it is worth noting the close correlation between advances in communication strategies on behalf of women entrepreneurs, mainly related to the digitization of processes and the reduction of gender disparities. Thus, there is a need to raise awareness of the importance of communication in business management and to promote training activities that encourage greater interaction between women entrepreneurs and their stakeholders.

Abstract Background Difficulty in interpreting white blood cell (WBC) counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) complicates the diagnosis of neonatal meningitis in traumatic lumbar punctures (LP). The aim of our study was to determine the correction factor for WBC counts in traumatic LP that offers the greatest diagnostic efficacy in meningitis. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study of LP in neonates between January 2014 and December 2020. Traumatic LP was defined as a red blood cell (RBC) count ≥ 1,000 cells/mm3 CSF and pleocytosis as WBCs ≥ 20 cells/mm3 CSF. The CSF RBC:WBC ratio was analyzed by linear regression to determine a new correction factor. Cell count adjustments were also studied using the 500:1, the 1,000:1 ratio method, and the peripheral blood RBC:WBC ratio, using ROC curves and studies of accuracy (sensitivity and specificity). Results Overall, 41.0% of the 1,053 LPs included in the study were traumatic. The best results for effective WBC correction were the method based on the peripheral blood ratio (sensitivity = 1.0 and specificity = 0.9 for bacterial meningitis and sensitivity = 0.8 and specificity = 0.9 for viral meningitis) and the 400:1 ratio (sensitivity = 1.0 and specificity = 0.8 for bacterial meningitis and sensitivity = 0.8 and specificity = 0.8 for viral meningitis) obtained from linear regression (95% CI 381.7–427.4; R2 = 0.7). Conclusion Both the peripheral blood correction and the 400:1 correction reduce the number of neonates classified with pleocytosis who were not eventually diagnosed with meningitis. Both methods might be a useful tool to clarify the neonatal meningitis diagnosis, offering neonatologists the possibility to assess the WBC count in traumatic LP.

Computational modelling for spent nuclear fuel (SNF) characterization is already widely used and continuously further developed for a plethora of safety related applications and licensing issues in SNF management. An essential step in the development of these methodologies is the validation: the demonstration that the SNF elemental and isotopic composition is sufficiently accurately predicted by the code calculations. This validation step requires experimentally measured nuclide concentrations in SNF, together with an estimation of related uncertainties. The SFCOMPO 2.0 database of OECD/NEA is a database of such publicly available assay data of SNF. A basic understanding of all analytical steps that finally result in assay data of SNF is important for modelers when assessing the “fit-for-validation” requirement of an experimental dataset. The aim of this article is to explain users of such datasets the complex analytical pathway towards assay data. Points of attention, challenges and pitfalls all along the analytical pathway will be discussed, from sampling, dissolution procedures, necessary dilutions and separations, available analytical techniques, some related uncertainties, up to reporting of the results.

A lo largo de la historia, la mujer científica ha sido invisibilizada y eclipsada en el ámbito académico y científico. Por cuestiones socioculturales y políticas, el acceso tardío de las mujeres a los sistemas de ciencia ha provocado en la actualidad una profunda brecha de género. En este sentido, los medios de comunicación y las artes visuales -como el género cinematográfico- se han perpetuado como fuertes vehículos de representación que perpetúan o combaten los actuales imaginarios de desigualdad. Dada esta coyuntura, el presente artículo tiene la pretensión de analizar la representación y, por consiguiente, construcción de la imagen pública de la mujer científica a través de la narrativa cinematográfica. A tal efecto, se enfrentan obras de diferentes periodos y géneros cinematográficos -desde biografías hasta ciencia ficción- donde se analiza el rol representado por la mujer científica: Madame Curie (1943), Gorilas en la niebla (1988), Contact (1997), Un método peligroso (2011) y Madame Curie (2019). Los resultados de la investigación deducen la importancia de una mirada sin prejuicios en la construcción de los roles femeninos de la ciencia y cómo la realidad actual de la mujer científica no se adapta a los arquetipos clásicos representados de forma tradicional en el género cinematográfico.

Introduction Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss and one of the main causes of neurological disability. Despite this, no universal screening programme for cCMV has been implemented in Spain. A recent study has shown that early treatment with valaciclovir, initiated in the first trimester and before the onset of signs in the fetus, reduces the risk of fetal infection. This finding favours the implementation of a universal screening programme for cCMV.The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a universal screening programme for cCMV during the first trimester of pregnancy in a primary care setting.Methods and analysis This is an observational multicentre cohort study. The study will be conducted in four primary care settings from the Northern Metropolitan Barcelona area and three related hospitals and will last 3 years and will consist of a recruitment period of 18 months.In their first pregnancy visit, pregnant women will be offered to add a CMV serology test to the first trimester screening tests. Pregnant women with primary infection will be referred to the reference hospital, where they will continue treatment and follow-up according to the clinical protocol of the referral hospital, which includes treatment with valacyclovir. A CMV-PCR will be performed at birth on newborns of mothers with primary infection, and those who are infected will undergo neonatal follow-up for at least 12 months of life.For the analysis, the acceptance rate, the prevalence of primary CMV infections and the CMV seroprevalence in the first trimester of pregnancy will be studied.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the University Institute Foundation for Primary Health Care Research Jordi Gol i Gurina Ethics Committee 22/097-P dated 27 April 2022.

Background: Infection with SARs-COV-2 results in COVID-19 disease.Between March 2020 and August 2021, 468 COVID-19 patients confirmed by PCR or antigen test, in Yepes, Spain, received early treatment with antihistamines, adding azithromycin in selected cases. The primary endpoint is the hospitalization rate of COVID-19 patients, and the secondary endpoints are ICU admission and mortality rates. All endpoints are compared with the official Spanish rates during the time period of the study.There were 20 hospital admissions (hospitalization rate 4,3%), 5 ICU admissions (ICU admission rate 1,1%) and 3 deaths (fatality rate of 0,6%). No patients in the study required follow up treatment, which suggest they did not develop long COVID. Results from this retrospective trail indicate that early treatment of SARS-COV-2 positive patients with antihistamines may reduce the odds of hospitalization (OR: 0.490, CI: 0.313–0.767, p-value: 0.001). Randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the effects of early antihistamine treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients to prevent hospitalization, ICU admission, mortality and long-covid.

La implementación de un procedimiento posibilitó determinar los objetivos estratégicos a partir de identificar los factores estructurales y funcionales del desarrollo y del análisis de sus relaciones. Este constituye una valiosa herramienta para el diseño de estrategias de desarrollo y favorece la gestión del gobierno local en un entorno descentralizado. Se presenta una sistematización teórica sobre objetivos estratégicos y factores del desarrollo; se determinan dichos objetivos, con sus respectivos criterios de medida, a partir de los factores determinantes. El aporte esencial lo constituye la síntesis teórica de las relaciones entre objetivos estratégicos y factores del desarrollo como soporte para modelar vínculos de causalidad en los procesos de desarrollo a escala municipal. Del análisis de dicha relación se asume que mientras más directa sea, mayor será la capacidad de transformación estructural del territorio. El procedimiento integra el análisis de la estructura y características económicas de un municipio para identificar los factores del desarrollo. Se utilizó el análisis estructural como herramienta para el estudio integral de los factores del desarrollo. Asimismo, se exponen los resultados de la validación del procedimiento en el municipio Jobabo de la provincia Las Tunas, Cuba. Se concluye que el procedimiento implementado le otorgó mayor pertinencia a la estrategia de desarrollo del territorio.

Dance is a high demanding discipline that involves physiological and psychological pressures. The pressure increases when dancers perform in front of an audience that, on a physiological level, can generate hormonal responses similar to those of an athlete before a competition for social status. Low levels of testosterone (T) and high levels of cortisol (C) are related to a decrease in performance and an increase in the risk of injury. Therefore, this study sets out to analyse hormone response patterns in professional flamenco dance performances depending on whether the performances are completed successfully and whether there are differences by sex and professional category. Saliva specimens (2–5 ml) were taken from the participants before and after the performance. Samples were immunoassayed by duplicate to analyze momentary fluctuations in two hormones regularly used in studies with professional athletes. The results showed significant differences in solo dancers’ T responses before and after the performance (p < 0.01), suggesting that the dancing role in the show (soloist or corps the ballet) and responsibility over the performance were important modulators to the hormone responses observed.

Engineering education is facing major challenges as it seeks to provide necessary and robust practical experience for all its undergraduate students. The limitation of resources (capital and operational), the increasing number of engineering students and the need to provide safe, up-to-date laboratory experiences have become global issues. Although the use of virtual laboratories (VLs) can provide some relief, within the engineering curriculum further pedagogical research is still needed. In this article, we investigate student perceptions of their learning experience that occurred using a commercial VL (Labster) for fermentation to replace the usual physical laboratory. We use Kolb's experiential learning cycle for the theoretical framework to examine the different stages of active learning and Bloom's taxonomy to illustrate the levels of learning that occurred. Using a mixed-methods methodology, multiple sources were used to analyze the students' experiences. In general, the simulation experience conducted as a VL was well-received by undergraduate students and they appreciated the use of technology to shorten the required time for the experiment. However, there were limitations of the commercial model, related to the learning framework and learning objectives. Nevertheless, our findings suggest the VL is well-suited to be used as a supplement or as a preparatory tool but also has merit when the laboratory is unable to be accessed, for example, with the global pandemic COVID-19, which has had a devastating influence on educational institutions worldwide, closing many of them down and requiring students and staff to self-isolate.

Background: Today’s society clams to be more inclusive, but there has been a lack of practical examination of this area. This study analyses how advertising and society interact and evolve in parallel, with advertising seeking to balance more traditional representations – in accordance with the Mirror Theory – with mainstreaming, which can influence social change. In this case, analysis is focused on the homosexual community. Methods: A content analysis of audiovisual advertising in Spain from the 1960s to 2021 is carried out in addition to a review of historical milestones and legislation. Results: The results evidence the transformation of advertising. The main findings show a shift from the total invisibility of the gay men and lesbian community in the 1960s to effective and respectful integration today. Conclusions: Queervertising is proposed as a new theoretical concept as the result of gender and sexual diversity being identified in advertising over time. The inclusion of gay men and lesbians in advertising is a current trend that, moreover, offers a challenge for brands. Although this turnaround in advertising creativity should be highlighted and recognized as being to some extent responsible for changes and social evolution, the commercial messages which are found today are still not always disruptive or excessively explicit, in order to avoid some rejection by audiences.

Abstract Background Estimating the required sample size is crucial when developing and validating clinical prediction models. However, there is no consensus about how to determine the sample size in such a setting. Here, the goal was to compare available methods to define a practical solution to sample size estimation for clinical predictive models, as applied to Horizon 2020 PRIMAGE as a case study. Methods Three different methods (Riley’s; “rule of thumb” with 10 and 5 events per predictor) were employed to calculate the sample size required to develop predictive models to analyse the variation in sample size as a function of different parameters. Subsequently, the sample size for model validation was also estimated. Results To develop reliable predictive models, 1397 neuroblastoma patients are required, 1060 high-risk neuroblastoma patients and 1345 diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) patients. This sample size can be lowered by reducing the number of variables included in the model, by including direct measures of the outcome to be predicted and/or by increasing the follow-up period. For model validation, the estimated sample size resulted to be 326 patients for neuroblastoma, 246 for high-risk neuroblastoma, and 592 for DIPG. Conclusions Given the variability of the different sample sizes obtained, we recommend using methods based on epidemiological data and the nature of the results, as the results are tailored to the specific clinical problem. In addition, sample size can be reduced by lowering the number of parameter predictors, by including direct measures of the outcome of interest.

Abstract Rationale Cardiovascular exercise is an effective method to improve cardiovascular health outcomes, but also promote neuroplasticity during stroke recovery. Moderate-intensity continuous cardiovascular training (MICT) is an integral part of stroke rehabilitation, yet it may remain a challenge to exercise at sufficiently high intensities to produce beneficial adaptations to neuroplasticity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) could provide a viable alternative to achieve higher intensities of exercise by using shorter bouts of intense exercise interspersed with periods of recovery. Methods and design This is a two-arm, parallel-group multi-site RCT conducted at the Jewish Rehabilitation Hospital (Laval, Québec, Canada) and McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). Eighty participants with chronic stroke will be recruited at both sites and will be randomly allocated into a HIIT or MICT individualized exercise program on a recumbent stepper, 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, at 12 weeks post-intervention, and at an 8-week follow-up. Outcomes The primary outcome is corticospinal excitability, a neuroplasticity marker in brain motor networks, assessed with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We will also examine additional markers of neuroplasticity, measures of cardiovascular health, motor function, and psychosocial responses to training. Discussion This trial will contribute novel insights into the effectiveness of HIIT to promote neuroplasticity in individuals with chronic stroke. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03614585 . Registered on 3 August 2018

This article analyses the culture of evidence in university teaching and its implications in the professional training of teachers in higher education. The new culture of organisation and assessment introduced into university teaching has brought about the configuration of a management model geared towards results and accountability based on solid evidence. Its implementation means that both administrators and teachers are asking themselves: "what works?" This study shows that the implementation of a culture of evidence requires the adoption of a pluralist vision of evidence, as well as clear criteria for determining the validity of evidence. In addition, teachers should be trained to mobilise systematic pedagogic knowledge and transform their practice, using available institutional support, the systematic analysis of their own experience, and the promotion of best practice.

Simple Summary: Melanoma is a common and aggressive malignant skin tumor with the capacity to metastasize in both internal organs and skin. It has traditionally been resistant to conventional systemic chemotherapeutic drugs. With the development of systemic immunotherapy and new targeted therapies, the management and prognostic paradigm for advanced melanoma has changed. Along with the development of these new therapeutic agents, topical and intralesional treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma have also emerged and may be an alternative to surgical management when surgery is not feasible. The selection of the most adequate approach depends on the availability of the different treatments, the size of the lesion, the stage of the disease, the characteristics of the patient and the physician's experience and knowledge. In this narrative review, we focus on the outcomes offered by different topical and intralesional therapies for cutaneous metastatic melanoma, alone or in combination with systemic therapies. Cutaneous melanoma is a malignant neoplasm with local and distant metastatic potential. When feasible, surgery is the first line of treatment in locoregionally advanced disease. Topical and intralesional treatments can be an alternative second-line treatment. The aim of this article was to perform a narrative review of the most widely used topical and intralesional treatments for locoregionally advanced melanoma. Diphenciprone, imiquimod and 5-florouracil were included as topical treatments and bacillus Calmette-Guerin, interleukin 2, rose bengal, talimogene laherparepvec and electrochemotherapy were included as intralesional treatments. Brief comments on other alternatives in development such as interferon-alpha, interleukin-12, ipilimumab and intralesional daromun are presented. Topical treatments generally have higher response rates in epidermal metastases than in deeper metastases. In addition, the larger the lesions, the worse they tend to respond to local treatments. Some reports show that combining certain systemic treatments and topical or intralesional therapies can improve response rates. It has also been described in a few papers that non-injected lesions may respond after the application of a local therapy in distant skin-metastases. Many of these intralesional treatments are being combined in different investigations with systemic immunotherapies, with the aim of obtaining synergic responses in those patients with refractory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have demonstrated the association between constitutional ring chromosome 21 (r(21)c) and the development of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21). iAMP21 acts as a driver which is often accompanied by secondary alterations that influence disease progression. Here, we report an atypical case of iAMP21 B-ALL with a unique molecular profile in the context of r(21)c. The onset of B-ALL occurred significantly earlier than previously reported in iAMP21-ALL, likely due to the presence of r(21)c. Only scarce cases of iAMP21 with concomitant PAX5 fusions have been reported. Through an extensive genomic characterization, the novel WWOX::PAX5 as well as 13q12.2 deletion involving FLT3 overexpression was found. These findings suggest that r(21)c may induce chromosomal instability on chromosome 21, triggering chromothripsis and leading to iAMP21-ALL. This case provides valuable insights to unravel the complex interplay between germline and somatic genetic alterations in leukemia. Moreover, it underscores the need for thorough genetic evaluation and multidisciplinary management in patients with syndromic presentation, particularly when rare genetic events may contribute to hematologic malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Intimate partner violence against women is a global health issue. Exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy leads to health‐related problems for both the mother and the newborn. However, current knowledge on its occurrence varies widely and assessing the problem using standardized tools in different contexts is needed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of IPV in pregnant women in Denmark and Spain through digital screening tools. Material and Methods: A cross‐sectional design was used to systematically screen for intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care by using standardized digital screening tools, Woman Abuse Screening Tool and Abuse Assessment Screen. Results: A total of 17 220 pregnant women in Denmark and 2222 pregnant women in Spain were invited to participate. The response rate was high in both countries (77.3% and 92.5%, respectively). Overall, 6.9% (n = 913) and 13.7% (n = 282) screened positive in Denmark and Spain, respectively. Logistic regressions estimated crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals of the relationship between sociodemographic variables and intimate partner violence. In both countries, being unmarried and lacking social support were risk factors of intimate partner violence. Additionally, in Denmark, pregnant women older than 40 years, unemployed or foreign, were at higher risk, while having higher educational levels was a protective factor. In Spain, not having a partner at the time of questionnaire completion and having at least one child prior to the current pregnancy were risk factors of intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Prevalence results and found associated factors contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Denmark and Spain, while highlighting the feasibility of digital systematic screening in antenatal settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Mycobacterial species contain high concentrations of mycolic acids in their cell wall. Mycobacteria can pose a threat to both human health and the environment. Mass spectrometry lipidomic characterization can identify bacterial species and suggest targets for microbiological interventions. Due to the complex structures of mycolic acids and the possibility of isobaric isomers, multiple levels of separation are required for complete characterization. In this study, cyclic ion mobility (cIM) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the analysis, separation and fragmentation of mycolic acids isomers from the bacterial species Gordonia amarae and Mycobacterium bovis. Methods: Mycolic acid isomers were interrogated from cultured G. amarae biomass and commercially available M. bovis mycolic acid extracts. These were infused into a cIM‐enabled quadrupole time‐of‐flight MS. Ions of interest were non‐simultaneously selected with the quadrupole and passed around the cyclic ion mobility device multiple times. Fragment ion analysis was then performed for the resolved isomers of the quadrupole‐selected ions. Results: Repeated passes of the cIM device successfully resolved otherwise overlapping MA isomers, allowing isomer isolation and producing an ion‐specific post‐mobility fragmentation spectrum without isomeric interference. Conclusions: Mycolic acids (MA) isomers from G. amarae and M. bovis were resolved, resulting in a high mobility resolution and low interference fragmentation analysis. These revealed varying patterns of MA isomers in the two species: G. amarae's most abundant ion of each set of MA has 1–2 conformations, while the MA + 2 m/z the most abundant ion of each set has 3–6 conformations. These were resolved after 70 passes of the cyclic device. M. bovis' most abundant ion of each keto‐MA set has 2 conformations, while the keto‐MA + 2 m/z has 1–2 conformations. These were resolved after 75 passes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in donkeys is observed to be secondary to colic, diarrhea or pleuropneumonia, among other disturbances. Horses with SIRS have hemodynamic and cardiac derangements, impairing prognosis and increasing mortality, but no information is available in donkeys with SIRS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in healthy adult donkeys led to increased cardiac troponin I concentrations (cTnI), hemodynamic derangements such as hypotension and diminution of central venous pressure, as well as cardiac dysfunction with decrease in stroke volume, cardiac output and cardiac index, and impairment of ultrasonographic ventricular function parameters. Intravenous meloxicam administration prevented most of the hemodynamic and cardiac deleterious effects of LPS infusion. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in donkeys is observed to be secondary to colic, diarrhea or pleuropneumonia, among other disorders. Horses with SIRS develop secondary disturbances such as hyperlipemia, laminitis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and hemodynamic and cardiac derangements, which impair their prognosis and increase the mortality rate. In donkeys, no information is available on the effect of experimentally induced endotoxemia in the cardiovascular system. Acute experimental endotoxemia was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion in six healthy adult non-pregnant jennies. Physical signs, arterial (systolic, diastolic and mean) and central venous pressure were monitored during 360 min. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were measured in blood samples, and echocardiography was performed. LPS infusion caused an increase in cTnI, hypotension and diminution of central venous pressure, cardiac dysfunction, with a decrease in stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index, and impairment of ultrasonographic ventricular function parameters. Intravenous meloxicam administration prevented the cTnI increase, hypotension, diminution of SV and CO, and changes in ultrasonographic parameters related to ventricular dysfunction. Thus, meloxicam could be proposed as an effective therapeutical option to control the hemodynamic and cardiac derangements observed in donkeys with SIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disease with two distinct phenotypes, an infantile-onset form (formerly Wolman disease) and a later-onset form (formerly cholesteryl ester storage disease). The objective of this narrative review is to examine the most important aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of LAL-D and to provide practical expert recommendations. The infantile-onset form occurs in the first weeks of life and is characterized by malnourishment and failure to thrive due to gastrointestinal impairment (vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption), as well as systemic inflammation, hepatosplenomegaly, and adrenal calcifications. Mortality is close to 100% before one year of life in the absence of specific treatment. The later-onset form can be diagnosed in childhood or adulthood and is characterized by chronic liver injury and/or lipid profile alterations. When LAL-D is suspected, enzyme activity should be determined to confirm the diagnosis, with analysis from a dried blood spot sample being the quickest and most reliable method. In infantile-onset LAL-D, the initiation of enzyme replacement therapy (sebelipase α) and careful nutritional management with a low-lipid diet is very urgent, as prognosis is directly linked to the early initiation of specific treatment. In recent years, our knowledge of the management of LAL-D has increased considerably, with improvements regarding the initial enzyme replacement therapy dose and careful nutritional treatment with a low-lipid diet to decrease lipid deposition and systemic inflammation, leading to better outcomes. In this narrative review we offer a quick guide for the initial management of infantile-onset LAL-D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and high relapse rate. Forty-four adult B-ALL patients were studied at both diagnosis and relapse by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in order to identify genetic alteration driving relapse. Four main genetic pathways leading to relapse in adults were identified: IKZF1plus genetic profile, RAS mutations and TP53 alterations in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative B-ALL and acquisition of ABL1 mutations in Ph-positive patients. In addition, three clonal evolution patterns were identified: the persistent clone trajectory (25%), the expanding clone trajectory (11%) and the therapy-boosted trajectory (48%). Our results reveal the presence of preferential biological pathways leading to relapse in adult B-ALL. Adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is characterized by genetic heterogeneity and a high relapse rate, affecting over 40% of adults. However, the mechanisms leading to relapse in adults are poorly understood. Forty-four adult B-ALL patients were studied at both diagnosis and relapse by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Four main genetic pathways leading to relapse in adults were identified: IKZF1plus genetic profile, RAS mutations and TP53 alterations in Ph-negative B-ALL and acquisition of ABL1 mutations in Ph-positive patients. The most frequently deleted gene at diagnosis was IKZF1 (52%), and 70% of these patients had IKZF1plus profile. Notably, 88% of patients with IKZF1plus at diagnosis retained this genetic profile at relapse. Conversely, the acquisition of RAS mutations or the expansion of subclones (normalized variant allele frequency < 25%) present from diagnosis were observed in 24% of Ph-negative patients at relapse. In addition, 24% of relapses in the Ph-negative cohort could potentially be driven by TP53 alterations. Of these cases, five presented from diagnosis, and four emerged at relapse, mostly as "double-hit" events involving both TP53 deletion and mutation. In Ph-positive B-ALL, the main genetic finding at relapse was the acquisition of ABL1 mutations (86%). Three clonal evolution patterns were identified: the persistent clone trajectory (25%), the expanding clone trajectory (11%) and the therapy-boosted trajectory (48%). Our results reveal the presence of preferential biological pathways leading to relapse in adult B-ALL. These findings underscore the need for personalized therapeutic strategies to improve clinical outcomes in adult patients with B-ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article unveils the establishment or rejection of strike funds as a tangible organisational tool towards union renewal. Despite strike funds being a necessary and recurring instrument in the organisation of strikes, they have seldom been theorised as a distinct (infrastructural) power resource fundamental to understanding unions' readiness and preparation for industrial conflict. Institutionalised strike funds, supported by union dues, provide economic support to strikers, reinforce their collective identity, legitimise a more confrontational position towards collective bargaining and may garner support from the broader community. Additionally, strike funds may serve as tools to attract members and shape narratives that can influence corporate positions and public opinion during labour disputes. Through a comparative analysis of 10 confederal unions in Spain, we illustrate the different strategic views that unions may hold with respect to them. Crucially, we find that the presence or absence of strike funds reflects the specific political position a union adopts concerning industrial conflict and how they may possibly articulate them with other power resources. Hence, the institutionalisation of strike funds involves a complex union renewal process, which is also influenced by a comparative learning process between unions. Finally, we also explain the flourishing of different strike funds during the last decades that derive from a spillover effect between counterpower and radical unions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: One of the most common endocrinological diseases in pregnant women is autoimmune thyroid pathology. It is associated with important maternal, fetal and neonatal complications. OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics and impact of maternal autoimmune thyroid disease in newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, longitudinal, descriptive and retrospective study of 200 newborns who's mothers suffered from autoimmune thyroid pathologies for the period spanning from January 2019 to December 2020. RESULTS: 6.64% had autoimmune thyroid pathology. 66.5% presented autoimmune thyroid disease prior to pregnancy and with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism in 83.5%. 33.5% developed thyroid alteration during pregnancy, with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism in 97%. The mean value of maternal hormones was: median TSH: 3.14 mIU/ml; mean T4: 0.79 ± 0.17 ng/dl. In neonates the mean hormone levels at 15 days of life were: TSH: 4.16 ± 2.26 mIU/ml; T4: 1.2 ± 0.19 ng/dl. Three patients (children who's mothers had autoimmune hypothyroidism) were diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of a standard actuation protocol, complementary to neonates screening, becomes necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]