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China's farmland landscape fragmentation follows a distinct evolutionary tendency along the spatial gradient “central urban areas → urban–rural transitional areas → rural areas”, because of its binary structure comprising urban and rural areas. This study explores the evolution of this spatiotemporal trend and its dynamic mechanisms in the case of Changzhou City. A landscape analysis model is constructed for farmland landscape fragmentation analysis at the pixel level, and a gradient analysis model is used for farmland landscape evolution analysis along the spatial gradient “urban → transitional → and rural areas”. During the study period, the net switching-in rates of edge patch farmland and discrete patch farmland were 4.58% and 3.63%, respectively, and farmland landscape tended to be somewhat structurally fragmented in the context of Changzhou's traditional agricultural environment. Nevertheless, contiguous farmland, dominated by core and edge farmland, still accounts for 82.53% of the total farmland area. Consequently, the farmland landscape remains relatively stable. In a non-farming environment, however, the net switching-out rate of core farmland reached 17.39%, and the total quantity of core farmland decreased significantly. Gradient analysis revealed that the core evolutionary driver for Changzhou's farmland landscape lies in policy factors relating to land utilisation and management, accounting for up to 79.7% and 60% of evolution in the farmland landscape within central urban areas and rural areas, respectively. Basic farmland preservation areas and spatial regulation of construction land positively affects farmland landscape fragmentation changes. Consequently, it is of great significance to formulate differentiated farmland management policies, and to place strict restrictions on the occupation of farmland resources for urban construction.

A key obstacle to advocacy efforts to promote legal and policy reforms that ensure women's and girls' access to comprehensive abortion care (CAC) is the lack of relevant and timely evidence. This commentary outlines a research agenda-setting initiative that identified research priorities to support evidence-informed policy and advocacy for CAC access in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It involved three phases: 1) a landscape analysis; 2) research agenda co-creation with stakeholders, and 3) a validation exercise on research priorities. Overall, the priority evidence needs included 1) estimating the incidence and magnitude of unsafe abortion and related costs; 2) examining the role of abortion laws and policies in facilitating or inhibiting access to CAC; 3) developing and documenting successful approaches for addressing societal barriers to the provision of CAC, and fostering a more inclusive and liberal abortion environment, and 4) documenting practice-based evidence on the provision of legal abortion services as well as for advocating for CAC. Various stakeholders, including researchers, policymakers, civil society organizations, and funding agencies, will find the agenda useful as they engage, at different levels, for the full domestication and implementation of forward-looking commitments on access to CAC in SSA.

Background Glioma is the most common intracranial tumor. The inflammatory response actively participates in the malignancy of gliomas. There is still limited knowledge about the biological function of immune‐related genes (IRGs) and their potential involvement in the malignancy of gliomas. Methods We screened differentially expressed and survival‐associated IRGs, and explored their potential molecular characteristics. Then we developed a prognostic index derived from seven hub IRGs. A prognostic nomogram was built to indicate the prognostic value of the prognostic index and seven IRGs. We characterized the immune infiltration landscape to analyze tumor‐immune interactions. The real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to validate bioinformatics results. Results The differentially expressed IRGs are involved in cell chemotaxis, cytokine activity, and the chemokine‐mediated signaling pathway. The prognostic index derived from seven IRGs had clinical prognostic value in glioma, and positively correlated with the malignant clinicopathological characteristics. A nomogram further indicated that the prognostic index and seven hub IRGs had clinical prognostic value for gliomas. We revealed that the prognostic index could reflect the state of the glioma immune microenvironment. Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of an IRG‐based prognostic index as a potential biomarker for predicting malignancy in gliomas., Graphical abstract

Screening and therapeutic programs for colorectal cancer (CRC) are invasive or not effective and unable to meet patient needs. Major advances in immunogenomics may change this status but need more exploration. Differentially expressed genes and immune-related genes (IRGs) were identified by computational methods. A prognostic model was established and validated based on survival-related IRGs via stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. Nine IRGs were selected and identified as survival-related genes. A 7-gene prognostic model could offer a preliminary and valid determination of risk in CRC patients. The area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic was 0.672. The 7-gene prognostic model might be used as a novel prognostic tool in CRC patients.

Today museum studies have a duty to keep pace with the museum’s perpetual renewal. This paper, then, aims to outline a new research path in order to grasp what are today the most significant categories and features of the contemporary museum. This will be done by bringing together the contributions of two disciplines so close to each other in subject and purpose, yet still so far apart in the academic discourse, namely museology and the sociology of art. Through the intertwining of theories and concepts of social aesthetics, the systemic approach, and new and post-critical museology, an attempt is made to develop a new research programme to observe museal landscapes. This will be applied to the city of Naples, in the belief that, while it is true that every community is in a class by itself, and therefore cannot be generalized, this is not true of this method which, on the contrary, could be fruitfully applied to a wide number of contexts.

The areas with non-forest formations present in the Brazilian Legal Amazon are under threat due to the increase in deforestation associated with agriculture, pastures, road infrastructure and the population increase of cities and settlements. However, its diversity of vegetation physiognomies and its conservation status are still little known. This research presents a methodological proposal for mapping areas with non-forest formations, based on a better understanding of the dynamics of use and coverage of the Amazon region, following the classes of the TerraClass Project. The study was conducted in a localized area of the state of Rondônia and was proposed to perform landscape analysis through remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques using the Google Earth Engine platform for the year 2019. The results reveal a change in the landscape, where the classes Pasture, Forest and Non-forest make up most of the landscape of the area. The land use data generated from the processing of satellite images and the crossing of non-forest polygons showed that the Pasture and Forest classes began to make up most of the landscape where it should have only the presence of non-forest. It is emphasized the importance of continuing the mapping of the dynamics of landscape changes that ensure the conservation of areas of non-forest remnants given intensity with which changes occur in the region. Las áreas con formaciones no forestales presentes en la Amazonía Legal Brasileña están amenazadas debido al aumento de la deforestación asociada a la agricultura, los pastos, la infraestructura vial y el aumento de la población de ciudades y asentamientos. Sin embargo, su diversidad de fisonomías vegetales y su estado de conservación son aún poco conocidos. Esta investigación presenta una propuesta metodológica para mapear áreas con formaciones no forestales, basada en una mejor comprensión de la dinámica de uso y cobertura de la región amazónica, siguiendo las clases del Proyecto TerraClass. El estudio se realizó en un área localizada del estado de Rondônia y se propuso realizar análisis de paisajes a través de técnicas de teledetección y geoprocesamiento utilizando la plataforma Google Earth Engine para el año 2019. Los resultados revelan un cambio en el paisaje, donde las clases Pastos, Bosques y No Forestales conforman la mayor parte del paisaje de la zona. Los datos de uso de la tierra generados a partir del procesamiento de imágenes satelitales y el cruce de polígonos no forestales mostraron que las clases Pastos y Bosques comenzaron a conformar la mayor parte del paisaje donde debería tener solo la presencia de no bosques. Se enfatiza la importancia de continuar con el mapeo de las dinámicas de cambios paisajísticos que aseguren la conservación de áreas de remanentes no forestales dada la intensidad con la que se producen los cambios en la región. As áreas com formações não-florestais presentes na Amazônia Legal Brasileira estão sob a ameaça devido ao aumento do desmatamento associado à agricultura, pastagens, infraestrutura rodoviária e do aumento populacional das cidades e povoamentos. Todavia a sua diversidade de fisionomias vegetacionais e seu status de conservação ainda são pouco conhecidas. A presente pesquisa apresenta uma proposta metodológica de mapeamento das áreas com formações não florestais, com base no melhor entendimento da dinâmica de uso e cobertura da região amazônica, seguindo as classes do Projeto TerraClass. O estudo foi conduzido em uma área localizada do estado de Rondônia e se propôs a realizar a análise da paisagem por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento utilizando a plataforma Google Earth Engine para o ano de 2019. Os resultados revelam uma mudança na paisagem, onde as classes Pastagem, Floresta e Não-floresta compõe a maior parte da paisagem da área. Os dados de uso da terra gerados a partir do processamento de imagens de satélite e o cruzamento dos polígonos de não-floresta mostraram que as classes Pastagem e Floresta passaram a compor a maior parte da paisagem onde deveria ter somente a presença de não-floresta. Ressalta-se a importância da continuação do mapeamento da dinâmica das mudanças da paisagem que garantam a conservação das áreas de remanescentes não-florestais dada intensidade com que as mudanças ocorrem na região.

PURPOSE Thymomas are epithelial neoplasms that represent the most common thymic tumors in adults. These tumors have been shown to harbor a relatively low mutational burden. As a result, there is a lack of genetic alterations that may be used prognostically or targeted therapeutically for this disease. Here, we describe a recurrent gene rearrangement in type B2 + B3 thymomas. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single index case of thymoma was evaluated by an RNA-based solid fusion assay. Separately, tissues from 255,008 unique advanced cancers, including 242 thymomas, were sequenced by hybrid capture–based next-generation DNA sequencing/comprehensive genomic profiling of 186 to 406 genes, including lysine methyltransferase 2A ( KMT2A) rearrangements, and a portion were evaluated for RNA of 265 genes. We characterized molecular and clinicopathologic features of the pertinent fusion-positive patient cases. RESULTS We identified 11 patients with thymomas harboring a gene fusion of KMT2A and mastermind-like transcriptional coactivator 2 ( MAML2). Fusion breakpoints were identified between exon 8, 9, 10, or 11 of KMT2A and exon 2 of MAML2. Fifty-five percent were men, with a median age of 48 years at surgery (range, 29-69 years). Concurrent genomic alterations were infrequent. The 11 thymomas were of B2 or B3 type histology, with 1 case showing foci of thymic carcinoma. The frequency of KMT2A- MAML2 fusion was 4% of all thymomas (10 of 242) and 6% of thymomas of B2 or B3 histology (10 of 169). CONCLUSION KMT2A- MAML2 represents the first recurrent fusion described in type B thymoma. The fusion seems to be specific to type B2 and B3 thymomas, the most aggressive histologic subtypes. The identification of this fusion offers insights into the biology of thymoma and may have clinical relevance for patients with disease refractory to conventional therapeutic modalities.

The article presents the general review of the park areas with rugged topography in the city of Tomsk. The problems of landscaping the territory of rugged topography and ways to solve them are discussed for different cities. The obtained data concern the park areas of the historical Tomsk regions. The landscape analysis is given to the park areas, merchant houses and gardens of the 19th and early 20th centuries, which locate on the territory with rugged topography.

Background The incidence of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) increased substantially in recent years. Systematical investigation of the immunogenomic pattern is critical to improve the prognosis of LUSC. Methods Based on the TCGA and GEO dataset, we integrated the immune-related genes (IRGs) expression profile and the overall survival (OS) of 502 patients with LUSC. The survival-related and differentially-expressed IRGs in LUSC patients were evaluated by univariate cox regression and LASSO regression analysis. By applying multivariate cox analysis, a new prognostic indicator based on IRGs was established. We also used CIBERSORT algorithms and TIMER database to analyze immune infiltration of LUSC. Both gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out for functional annotation. With the assist of computational biology, we also investigated the latent properties and molecular mechanisms of these LUSC-specific IRGs. We analyzed the correlation between immune checkpoints and risk score. Results A novel prognostic model was established based on 11 IRGS, including CXCL5, MMP12, PLAU, ELN, JUN, RNASE7, JAG1, SPP1, AGTR2, FGFR4, and TNFRSF18. This model performed well in the prognostic forecast, and was also related to the infiltration of immune cells. Besides, the high-risk groups and the low-risk groups exhibited distinct layout modes in PCA analysis, and GSEA results showed that different immune status among these groups. Conclusions In summary, our researches screened out clinically significant IRGs and proved the significance of IRG-based, individualized immune-related biomarkers in monitoring, prognosis, and discern of LUSC.

This article examines a cross-section of literature and other resources to reveal common reproducibility issues faced by stakeholders regardless of subject area or focus. We identify a variety of issues named as reproducibility barriers, the solutions to such barriers, and reflect on how researchers and information professionals can act to address the ‘reproducibility crisis.’ The finished products of this work include an annotated list of 122 published resources and a primer that identifies and defines key concepts from the resources that contribute to the crisis.

International and national development agendas acknowledge the need for equitable sanitation services. The presence of comprehensive policy documents is crucial for guiding implementation in line w...

Landforms characterized by high scientific value (i.e. geomorphosites) might undergo modifications due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors (natural and human-induced processes). In the framework of geoheritage analyses, the assessment of the value (scientific or additional) of geomorphosites should be performed side by side with the analysis on the risk of degradation (fragility and vulnerability). A multidisciplinary method is proposed for the analysis of landforms that are potentially fragile but outstanding for their scientific value related to geological, geomorphological and ecological values. A geomorphological map was produced for the glacial plateaux of the Loana Valley (Central-Western Italian Alps), where an outstanding geomorphosite was detected: the Cortenuovo Calcareous Ridge. The site is herein analysed in terms of the representativeness of geological and (paleo)geomorphological features as well as for its support role to the ecosystem. For dissemination purposes, a simplified version of the geomorphological map (i.e., geomorphological box) was prepared for the site. Specific morphometric and dendrogeomorphological analyses were then performed to investigate more in detail the risk of degradation of the site. It resulted to be a spatially restricted hotspot of geodiversity, characterized by an average surface lowering rate (0.44 cm/y on average) comparable to that achieved in similar geomorphologic contexts in the Alpine environment. The obtained results testify to a potential vulnerability to natural processes of this highly scientific valued site, which will surely benefit from a legal recognition as a component of geoheritage, with a specific regulation for its protection, that could prove to be strategic.

In this work, we analyze the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of epigenetic inhibitors (lysine mimetics) against lysine methyltransferase (G9a or EHMT2) using a combined activity landscape, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach. The study was based on a set of 251 G9a inhibitors with reported experimental activity. The activity landscape analysis rapidly led to the identification of activity cliffs, scaffolds hops and other active an inactive molecules with distinct SAR. Structure-based analysis of activity cliffs, scaffold hops and other selected active and inactive G9a inhibitors by means of docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations led to the identification of interactions with key residues involved in activity against G9a, for instance with ASP 1083, LEU 1086, ASP 1088, TYR 1154 and PHE 1158. The outcome of this work is expected to further advance the development of G9a inhibitors.

[EN] The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between space, time and landscape from two different but complementary approaches: that of perception and that of project. On the one hand, the way in which visual sequences are represented in the analysis of open spaces is analyzed, transferring to the field of landscape the space-time approach that Giedion introduced for architecture in his influential book Space, Time and Architecture. On the other hand, representation systems to design landscape transformation processes are studied, from those associated with plant succession to those of a more structural nature, which transcend the scale of architectural design to be placed in the field of urban scale strategic plans., [ES] El propósito de este trabajo es el de examinar la relación entre espacio, tiempo y paisaje desde dos perspectivas diferentes aunque complementarias, la de la percepción y la del proyecto. Por un lado, se analiza el modo en que se representan las secuencias visuales en el análisis de los espacios abiertos, trasladando al campo del paisaje la perspectiva espacio-temporal que Giedion introdujo para la arquitectura en su influyente libro Espacio, tiempo y arquitectura. Por otro, se estudian los sistemas de representación en el proyecto de los procesos de transformación del paisaje, desde los asociados a la sucesión vegetal a los de carácter más estructural, que trascienden la escala del diseño de base arquitectónica para situarse en el campo del plan estratégico de escala urbana.

In 2024, the five - hundredth anniversary of the outstanding historical and cultural monument of world and Federal significance-the Novodevichy monastery, which is being restored for the anniversary, will be celebrated. The monastery is famous not only for its unique architectural ensemble and famous cemetery, where many outstanding statesmen, military leaders, representatives of science, literature and art are buried, but also for its remarkable natural landscape, artificially transformed in the 16th and 20th centuries. and represented by a public garden on the upper terrace at the approach to the monastery and the lower landscape-regular Park adjacent to the embankment of the Moscow river. The square in front of the entrance to the monastery and the lower Park of the Novodevichy monastery have the status of a cultural heritage site (OKN) of regional significance works of landscape art (SPI). It is shown that the preservation and adaptation of the square and Park to modern use should be methodically and practically linked to the requirements of ensuring the safety of the architectural ensemble. The results of field surveys of Park territories and squares of different years (2016 and 2020) and the experience of their improvement are summarized. The features of natural, historical, cultural, urban planning and landscape factors of the square and Park that affect their restoration and improvement and their role in shaping the perception of the monastery ensemble are considered. The experience of restoration and improvement of the square and Park in recent years is considered. It is recommended to adjust the subject of protection and the boundaries of the object.

El paisatge industrial configura actualment un fenomen d'extraordinària complexitat i diversitat l'estudi del qual ha estat abordat tardanament per l'activitat científica en general. Aquest article té com a objectiu aprofundir en el coneixement d’aquests paisatges i avançar en el disseny d’una sèrie de directrius que serveixin de base metodològica per al seu estudi, posada en valor i intervenció des de la seva consideració patrimonial i cultural. El mètode emprat es basa en el coneixement previ d’aquests paisatges i de les tendències metodològiques més rellevants aplicades a l’estudi del paisatge des de la segona meitat del segle XX fins a l’actualitat en un àmbit de reflexió internacional i de caràcter interdisciplinari. Posteriorment, es procedeix a analitzar en quina mesura el conjunt d'enfocaments metodològics estudiats prèviament permeten donar resposta a les necessitats específiques dels paisatges generats per la decadència industrial. D'aquest estudi es conclou que actualment ens trobem amb una situació a nivell conceptual i metodològic insuficient per abordar en profunditat l'estudi i la intervenció d'aquests paisatges. Això confirma la necessitat d'avançar en l'aportació de millores i innovacions que condueixin al disseny d'una metodologia pròpia per a aquests paisatges que contempli, entre d'altres, qüestions com l'especificitat i la identitat pròpia, la complexitat, la diversitat d'escales de les quals participen, el seu caràcter dinàmic i altament antropitzat, etc. a través d'un mètode que abordi des del seu estudi fins a la gestió, integrant un enfocament interdisciplinari i incorporant l'ús d'eines digitals. The industrial landscape currently configures a phenomenon of extraordinary complexity and diversity whose study has been belatedly approached by scientific activity in general. This article aims to deepen the knowledge of these landscapes and advance in the design of a series of guidelines that serve as a methodological basis for their study, enhancement and intervention from their heritage and cultural consideration. The method used is based on prior knowledge of these landscapes and the most relevant methodological trends applied to the study of the landscape from the second half of the 20th century to the present in an international and interdisciplinary field of reflection. Subsequently, we proceed to analyze to what extent the set of methodological approaches previously studied allow us to respond to the specific needs of those landscapes generated by industrial decline. From this study it is concluded that at present we find ourselves in a situation at a conceptual and methodological level that is insufficient to address in depth the study and intervention of these landscapes. This confirms the need to advance in the contribution of improvements and innovations that lead to the design of a methodology for these landscapes that considers, among others, issues such as their specificity and identity, their complexity, the diversity of scales in which they participate, its dynamic and highly anthropized character, etc. through a method that approaches from its study to its management, integrating an interdisciplinary approach and incorporating the use of digital tools. El paisaje industrial configura en la actualidad un fenómeno de extraordinaria complejidad y diversidad cuyo estudio ha sido abordado tardíamente por la actividad científica en general. Este artículo tiene como objetivo profundizar en el conocimiento de estos paisajes y avanzar en el diseño de una serie de directrices que sirvan de base metodológica para su estudio, puesta en valor e intervención desde su consideración patrimonial y cultural. El método empleado se basa en el conocimiento previo de estos paisajes y de las tendencias metodológicas más relevantes aplicadas al estudio del paisaje desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX hasta la actualidad en un ámbito de reflexión internacional y de carácter interdisciplinar. Posteriormente, se procedió a analizar en qué medida el conjunto de enfoques metodológicos estudiados previamente permiten dar respuesta a las necesidades específicas de aquellos paisajes generados por la decadencia industrial. De este estudio se concluye que en la actualidad nos encontramos con una situación a nivel conceptual y metodológico insuficiente para abordar en profundidad el estudio e intervención de estos paisajes. Esto confirma la necesidad de avanzar en el aporte de mejoras e innovaciones que conduzcan al diseño de una metodología propia para estos paisajes que contemple, entre otras, cuestiones como su especificidad e identidad propia, su complejidad, la diversidad de escalas de las que participan, su carácter dinámico y altamente antropizado, etc. a través de un método que aborde desde su estudio hasta su gestión, integrando un enfoque interdisciplinar e incorporando el empleo de herramientas digitales. Esta investigación cuenta con el apoyo del Proyecto de investigación “Diseño de una metodología interdisciplinar para la identificación, caracterización, valoración e intervención de aquellos paisajes del patrimonio industrial” (Ref. P20_01361), financiado en régimen de concurrencia competitiva a través de la convocatoria del Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PAIDI 2020) y cuya Investigadora Principal es la primera autora de este trabajo. Asimismo, esta investigación ha contado con el apoyo de la beca de investigación postdoctoral “José Castillejo” (Ref. CAS17/00370) para el desarrollo de una estancia de movilidad en la Universidad Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" de São Paulo (Brasil) realizada por la primera autora y supervisada por el segundo autor.

International audience; Landscape-based Performance Prediction for University~Timetabling~Optimization

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 The industrial landscape currently configures a phenomenon of extraordinary complexity and diversity whose study has been belatedly approached by scientific activity in general. This article aims to deepen the knowledge of these landscapes and advance in the design of a series of guidelines that serve as a methodological basis for their study, enhancement and intervention from their heritage and cultural consideration. The method used is based on prior knowledge of these landscapes and the most relevant methodological trends applied to the study of the landscape from the second half of the 20th century to the present in an international and interdisciplinary field of reflection. Subsequently, we proceed to analyze to what extent the set of methodological approaches previously studied allow us to respond to the specific needs of those landscapes generated by industrial decline. From this study it is concluded that at present we find ourselves in a situation at a conceptual and methodological level that is insufficient to address in depth the study and intervention of these landscapes. This confirms the need to advance in the contribution of improvements and innovations that lead to the design of a methodology for these landscapes that considers, among others, issues such as their specificity and identity, their complexity, the diversity of scales in which they participate, its dynamic and highly anthropized character, etc. through a method that approaches from its study to its management, integrating an interdisciplinary approach and incorporating the use of digital tools. Titular de Universidad del Departamento de Arte Arquitectura de la Universidad de Málaga Turismo de la Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Turismo de la Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

In a state which requires robustness of GIS in a multi-user environment, there is a need to solve basic problems regarding spatial, temporal, thematic and cognitive dimensions. The SAPHIRA (System for Acquisition, Processing, Hosting and Integration of Environmental Resources Information) was presented in this context. It is based on a system of spatial and temporal indexing of media (video, audio and photos) in a GIS environment and allows automatic integration with weather data through a online map server. We show the heuristic potential of SAPHIRA through examples and carried out a discussion of georeferenced images as a landscape descriptor, highlighting the potential of SAPHIRA in assessing GIS data in field. Additionally, we discuss the landscape of an image, which aims to emphasize the needs to integrate the spatial, temporal, thematic and cognitive issues in a more integrative and applied approach toward environmental analysis., Num cenário em que são demandados SIG com características de robustez em ambiente multiusuário existe a necessidade de se equacionar problemas básicos nas dimensões espacial, temporal, temática e cognitiva. O SAPHIRA (Sistema de Aquisição, Processamento, Hospedagem e Integração de Informações Sobre Recursos Ambientais), apresentado neste contexto, é baseado num sistema de indexação espacial e temporal de mídias (vídeo, áudio e fotografias) em ambiente SIG e que possibilita a integração automática com dados meteorológicos por meio de um servidor de mapas on-line. É descrito o potencial heurístico do SAPHIRA por meio de exemplos e realizada uma discussão da imagem georreferenciada enquanto descritora da paisagem, destacando-se o potencial do SAPHIRA em aferir dados contidos em SIG no campo. Adicionalmente é realizada uma discussão sobre a paisagem da imagem, que busca enfatizar a necessidade de conciliar as dimensões espaciais, temporais, temáticas e cognitivas, numa abordagem mais integrativa e aplicada para fins de análise ambiental.

Resumo O mapeamento de unidades de paisagem é um processo dinâmico e necessitado de constantes modificações. Partindo dessa premissa, este artigo buscou atualizar o mapeamento de unidades de paisagens do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Isso foi possível a partir da combinação entre atividades de campo e novos procedimentos metodológicos, com análises e refinamentos de mapeamentos anteriores efetuados por Silva (2018), Bernardino (2019) e Souza (2020). Como principal resultado apresenta-se a atualização de um mapeamento que contempla a (re-)delimitação e (re-)classificação dos Domínios Morfoclimáticos, Regiões Naturais e Geocomplexos do território do estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foi identificada e inserida uma nova unidade: um enclave de cerrado, que, até então, não havia sido descrito e analisado como tal na literatura consagrada; a reboque, mais uma região natural e dois geocomplexos puderam ser mapeados e delimitados. Mapeou-se, também, novas ocorrências territoriais de unidades já identificadas/classificadas no trabalho original e, por conseguinte, ocorreu um redimensionamento de paisagens de diferentes táxons, também como resultado, propriamente, dessas modificações, bem como do refinamento dos limites das unidades, em função do detalhamento escalar maior, com o aprofundamento da pesquisa. Resumen El mapeo de unidades de paisaje es un proceso dinámico y necesita modificaciones constantes. Con base en esta premisa, este artículo buscó actualizar el mapeo de unidades de paisaje en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Esto fue posible a través de la combinación de actividades de campo y nuevos procedimientos metodológicos, con análisis y refinamientos de mapeos previos realizados por Silva (2018), Bernardino (2019) y Souza (2020). El principal resultado es la actualización de un mapeo que contempla la (re) delimitación y (re) clasificación de Dominios Morfoclimáticos, Regiones Naturales y Geocomplejos en el estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Se identificó e insertó una nueva unidad: un enclave cerrado, que hasta entonces no había sido descrito y analizado como tal en la literatura consagrada; a continuación, se podría cartografiar y delimitar otra región natural y dos geocomplejos. También se mapearon nuevas ocurrencias territoriales de unidades ya identificadas / clasificadas en el trabajo original y, por lo tanto, hubo un redimensionamiento de paisajes de diferentes taxones, también como resultado, propiamente, de estas modificaciones, así como del refinamiento de los límites de las unidades, debido al mayor detalle escalar, con la profundización de la investigación. Abstract The mapping of landscape units is a dynamic process in which constant modifications are needed. Based on this, this article sought to update the mapping of landscape units in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. This was possible due to the combination of field activities and new methodological procedures, with analyzes and refinements of previous mappings conducted by Silva (2018), Bernardino (2019), and Souza (2020). The main result is the update of a mapping that includes the (re-) delimitation and (re-) classification of Morphoclimatic Domains, Natural Regions, and Geocomplexes in the territory of this state. A new unit was identified and inserted: a cerrado enclave, which, until then, had not been described and analyzed as such in the established literature; consequently, one more natural region and two geocomplexes were mapped and delimited. New territorial occurrences of units already identified/classified in the original work were also mapped and, therefore, there was a resizing of landscapes of different taxa, which resulted from these modifications and of the refinement of their limits, due to the greater scalar detail, with the deepening of the research.

International audience; So far, multi-objective NK landscapes have been investigated under the assumption of a homogeneous nature of the involved objectives in terms of difficulty. However, we argue that problems with heterogeneous objectives, e.g., in terms of multi-modality, can be challenging for multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, and deserve further considerations. In this paper, we propose a model of multi-objective NK landscapes, where each objective has a different degree of variable interactions (K), as a benchmark to investigate heterogeneous multi-objective optimization problems. We show that the use of a rank-annotated neighborhood network with labeled local optimal solutions, together with landscape metrics extracted from the heterogeneous objectives, thoroughly characterize bi-objective NK landscapes with a different level of heterogeneity among the objectives.

In times of global change, it is of fundamental importance to understand the sensitivity, stability and resistivity of a landscape or ecosystem to human disturbance. Landscapes and ecosystems have internal thresholds, giving them the ability to resist such disturbance. When these thresholds are quantified, the development of countermeasures can help prevent irreversible changes and support adaptations to the negative effects of global change. The main objective of this analysis is to address the lack of recent studies defining terms like sensitivity, resistivity and stability in reference to landscapes and ecosystems through a Bibliometric analysis based on Scopus and Web of Science peer-reviewed articles. The present research also aims to quantify landscape statuses in terms of their sensitivity, stability and resistivity. The term “landscape stability” is mainly related to quantitatively measurable properties indicating a certain degree of stability. In contrast, the term “landscape sensitivity” is often related to resilience; however, this definition has not substantially changed over time. Even though a large number of quantification methods related to soil and landscape stability and sensitivity were found, these methods are rather ad hoc. This study stresses the importance of interdisciplinary studies and work groups.

Cet article s’attache à présenter les résultats d’une méthode d’analyse paysagère destinée à vérifier l’hypothèse de l’existence de trois modèles paysagers illustrant l’évolution de la conception des espaces extérieurs des hôtels de la région de Hammamet (Tunisie). Ces modèles sont dits vernaculaire, international et néovernaculaire. The purpose of this research attempts to present the results of the application of landscape analysis method used to test the hypothesis of the existence of three models illustrating the landscape design evolution in outdoor spaces hotels in the region of Hammamet (Tunisia). These hypothetical models are represented by the vernacular model, the international model and the neo-vernacular model.

La relación entre las lógicas organizativas locales e incaicas ha sido un constante foco de interés en el campo disciplinar a lo largo de toda el área andina. En sintonía, en el sector norte del Valle Calchaquí, hay un importante cúmulo de investigaciones que abordan la conformación de estos paisajes. Nuestro aporte en este sentido radica en analizar de qué manera la visibilidad entre los sitios con ocupación indígena local y aquellos que responden a una planificación estatal, habría condicionado la integración y articulación física y social del espacio calchaquí. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren, por un lado, que los sitios del Período Tardío habrían sido intervisibles, manifestando un manejo e integración del entorno mucho mayor que los sitios incaicos, para los que se presume una condición disruptiva. Por otro lado, pone en cuestión la idea de que los sitios con arquitectura incaica se localizarían en sectores con un mejor manejo visual del entorno The relationship between local and Inca organizational logics has been a constant focus of interest in the disciplinary field throughout the Andean area. In the northern Calchaquí Valley there is an important body of research that addresses the conformation of these landscapes. Our contribution in this sense lies in analyzing how the visibility between sites with local indigenous occupation and those that respond to state planning, would have conditioned the integration and physical and social articulation of the Calchaquí space. The results obtained suggest, on the one hand, that the Late Period sites would have been intervisible, showing a much greater management and integration of the environment than the Inca sites, for which a disruptive condition is presumed. On the other hand, it questions the idea that sites with Inca architecture would be located in sectors with a better visual management of the environment. Fil: Paez, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Arqueología; Argentina Fil: Jakel, Andrés Alfredo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Arqueología; Argentina Fil: López, Luciano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Recursos Minerales. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Recursos Minerales; Argentina

The visual impact of crop shelters in the rural landscape is of paramount importance for the sustainability of landscape planning. It is of utmost importance to protect a beautiful landscape characterized by archaeological sites and natural ecosystems but it is also fundamental to preserve a key economy based on agriculture. To preserve the landscape there is the need to understand its landscape units and to assess the feasibility of the application of landscape character assessment (LCA) at a local scale and adaptation to higher scales in the land-use planning process. In this study, a methodology based on viewshed analysis was integrated into LCA in order to define landscape character areas and types. An application of the method was done on greenhouse systems. Landscape evaluation was carried out by using both ECOVAST guidelines for landscape identification and indicators, which were defined and computed in order to describe the visual impact of greenhouses. The method was applied to a study area located in South Italy, in the Province of Ragusa, in the eastern part of Sicily, where the greenhouse system highly characterizes agricultural activities and made it possible to define landscape guidelines. Finally, a visibility map was drawn up to highlight the areas subject to the greatest visibility. In addition to objectifying the visual impact of greenhouses, the research verified that the proposed LCA-based methodology combined with viewshed analysis can be feasible for supporting the analysis phases of landscape and urban planning under the new territorial governance laws issued for the Region of Sicily in recent years. These analyses were useful to provide information that objectively takes into account the importance of the visual component in the context of landscape planning. Due to the limited surface of the sample area considered in this study, this research work should be considered a pilot or preliminary study. The extension of this methodology to the adjacent municipalities could represent the practical application performed by local authorities to define common regulations suitable to preserve landscape components.

Over the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has undergone rapid and extensive changes becoming a key enabler of digital transformation across many sectors and driving the adoption of data-driven decision-making systems, remote management solutions and automation processes. The IoT approach evolved into a paradigm that integrates a broad set of technologies, each of which are advancing at a rapid pace. Increasingly, IoT technologies and solutions, in combination with Cloud and Edge computing, are leading profound transformation across a variety of sectors and supply chains. In this complex and articulated context, European stakeholders are mobilising forces to ensure the foundation of a digital transformation continuum able to strengthen the European data economy and ensure the rapid restart of our society. This requires the growth of a vibrant and sustainable ecosystem structured as a community of communities for European players to join forces and align on core priorities, by overcoming their main diversities (of interests, backgrounds, and contexts). Within this context, the EU-IoT Coordination and Support Action ambition is to act as a "hub" facilitating liaisons, collaborations, exchanges and promoting accordingly the activities and outcome of the various relevant projects and initiatives. The ambition is to support the development, harmonisation and consolidation of a common research, innovation, and policy roadmap for NGIoT in Europe that can guide efforts and translate into a concrete set of actions, processes and tools facilitating interaction and collaboration and grounding a vibrant and sustainable ecosystem. This document represents a preliminary step to build and ensure the growth of a vibrant European IoT ecosystem, and it includes: A critical mapping of various relevant efforts and initiatives. A guidance framework to capture experts’ input, together with main outcomes of the first EU-IoT Expert Groups (EG) workshop and Advisory Board (AB) consultations. A structured presentation of input gathered from ongoing EC projects that highlights major trends and priorities mapping them into the same framework used with the EG. A wrap-up view on how the EU-IoT plans to act as a living hub connecting the various forces and stakeholders for the growth of a vibrant and sustainable European IoT ecosystem.

Background: Supportive supervision has lately been gaining traction in various national health systems as an effective way of boosting the performance of community health workers in a constructive and sustainable way. However, not much is known about the basis/mandate of supportive supervision and its approach in maternal and child health programs in India. The current analysis contributes to a clearer understanding of the paradigms within which supportive supervision is envisioned to operate within India and identifies potential strengths and areas requiring attention. Method: Document analysis of implementation documents such as guidelines/ operational manuals/operationalization modules/ training modules of nationally implemented maternal and child health programs, with data extraction according to a pre-determined domain-based template. Results: Many of the documents reviewed do not mention supportive supervision at all. In the few documents where supportive supervision is mentioned, the paradigms within which it is supposed to operate (who will do it, when will it be done, how to do it, training and logistic support, reporting formats, etc.) have not been clearly identified in most programs. Conclusion: Even though supportive supervision is being increasingly identified as an effective way of performative improvement in national health programs in India, more effort needs to be put into identifying and enforcing the tenets of supportive supervision in practice, in order to bring about the desired change.

Wetlands in the arid Central Basin and Range (“Central Basin”) ecoregion of Utah are scarce but provide important functions including critical habitat for wildlife including Species of Greatest Conservation Need and migratory birds, water quality improvement, and recreational and aesthetic values. The Utah Geological Survey (UGS) conducted a study in 2019 and 2020 to better understand the location, type, condition, and potential function of wetlands in the ecoregion. This study focused on areas in the Great Salt Lake and Escalante Desert-Sevier Lake (“Sevier Basin”) HUC6 watersheds within the Central Basin to complement previous work by the UGS that focused on other watersheds in the ecoregion.