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Il contributo propone una lettura interpretativa degli avvenimenti che hanno portato alla caduta di Kabul nell'agosto 2021

Rischio è la voce del dizionario di sociologia che esplora le diverse declinazioni che il concetto ha assunto nelle recenti teorie sociologiche.

Il volume descrive lo stato delle professioni della comunicazione alla luce della evoluzione organizzativa e tecnologica dei media. Il saggio si concentra sul giornalismo, il cui autore è direttore della Scuola.

Il volume affronta e discute le modalità con cui gli italiani hanno consumato informazione durante la pandemia Covid-19.

In the last decade, radicalization has been assumed to be a heterogeneous phenomenon, often overcoming ideological barriers. Moving from a set of premises, emphasizing the crucial role of current societal changes and contexts where radicalization processes take place, the added vision discussed here is an innovative paradigm focusing on the importance of emotions, feelings, and sentiments within the communication strategy adopted to prevent and reveal radicalization, defined accordingly as a “mood strategy”. What emerges from this analysis is methodologically threefold: a new model of communication strategies; a promising format tool to assess the radical milieu where the radicalization attitudes incubate, fostering radical processes; a comprehensive FEAR Model, leading to a new emotional dimension of communication strategy. Moreover, from a theoretical perspective, the prominent finding is that terrorism has to be identified as a violent and cultural act, going beyond the motivational reasons for the terrorist actions.

il 2° Rapporto sul Radicalismo e il Contrasto al Terrorismo (www.osservatorioreact.it). Il rapporto, che offre una sintetica analisi sull’evoluzione delle ideologie radicali e della minaccia terroristica in linea con la direttiva dell’Unione Europea 2017/541 sul contrasto al terrorismo, si inserisce nel dibattito generale come utile contributo all’armonizzazione delle divergenze presenti tra gli Stati membri dell'UE in merito a ciò che debba essere riconosciuto e gestito come un “atto di terrorismo”. L’Osservatorio ReaCT, prevalentemente concentrato sul fenomeno di matrice jihadista, non manca di studiare e analizzare le altre forme di terrorismo, di radicalizzazione ideologica e di devianza sociale violenta, così come le nuove “teorie cospirazioniste” che potrebbero sfociare in forme di opposizione violenta. #ReaCT2021 raccoglie i contributi degli Autori che hanno sviluppato le loro valutazioni tenendo conto dei riflessi delle dinamiche sociali e conflittuali legate alla pandemia da Covid-19. E proprio la pandemia sembrava aver messo il terrorismo in secondo piano quando, improvvisamente, l’ottobre del 2020 ha riproposto una minaccia che “sembrava” essere superata: tra i primi giorni di settembre e l’inizio di novembre si è dipanata una catena di eventi che ha evidenziato con chiarezza uno scenario drammatico e articolato. Sessanta giorni di paura che ci dicono che il terrorismo è ormai un fenomeno “normale” piuttosto che “eccezionale”, quale strumento del conflitto in corso e perdurante., This report offers a concise analysis on the evolution of radical ideologies and terrorist threats in accordance with the European Union directive 2017/541 on the fight against terrorism and is meant as a useful contribution, within the wider public debate, to the harmonisation of member States’ discrepancies around what should be defined and treated as terrorism. The Observatory mainly focuses on jihadism; however, we make sure to afford enough room and support for studies on other forms of terrorism, ideological radicalisation and social deviance, as well as "conspiracy theories" leading to violent outcomes. In their assessments, the authors who submitted their work for this issue of #ReaCT2021 took into account the repercussions of new social and conflict dynamics brought about by COVID-19. Due to other priorities, the pandemic seemed to have sidelined terrorism when, all of a sudden, October 2020 revived the threat which had apparently been overcome. From early September to early November, a successive chain of events clearly highlighted a dramatic and articulated scenario. Those sixty days of fear tell us that terrorism is now a “normal” rather than an 'exceptional' phenomenon, as an instrument of the ongoing conflict.

We analyse fiscal and monetary policy interactions when interest rate policy is hampered by the zero lower bound (ZLB) in an environment where expectations are formed with perpetual learning. The ZLB induces a deterioration of economic performance and raises the risk of persistent lowflation that can disanchor inflation expectations and lead to debt deflation. Systematic use of quantitative easing (QE) can partially substitute for interest rate easing and, if sufficiently aggressive, can maintain average inflation in line with the central bank’s goal. By compressing term premia on longterm interest rates, QE creates fiscal space that facilitates expansionary fiscal policy and reduces debt-deflation risk. The ZLB can be counteracted with less aggressive QE if mildly negative policy rates are feasible, if more countercyclical fiscal policy can be activated, or if the central bank can credibly communicate a clear inflation goal. Timidity in implementing QE and excessively debt-averse fiscal policies are counterproductive.

Introduction: In the late 20th Century, Kleinman and Good created Narrative Medicine (NM). In the following years, this method made its way in healthcare, reaching the peak in 2009 when R. Charon set up the first academic course of Narrative Medicine. Nevertheless, NM is still not well known and used. The main goal of this survey is attempting to understand the emotions felt by the patient while telling his/her own illness’ experience and then understand whether this approach improves therapy. Methods: The survey is developed through a methodological triangulation research consisting of a qualitative part, where 24 stories selected from the first two editions of “Quirino Maggiore” National Competition were analysed through the Van Kaam method, and a quantitative research, performed through a questionnaire submitted to patients suffering from chronic kidney disease thanks to the National Association of Hemodialysis Patients (ANED) and to Onlus Santa Maria Annunziata, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence. We received responses from 219 patients between 24 September 2021 and 18 October 2021. Results: The qualitative research identified 94 expressions grouped in 10 labels in which the most representative themes come to light. Through the questionnaire we can see that most people are not familiar with Nursing and Narrative Medicine, but that they consider the relationship between patients and healthcare workers very important. Conclusions: Although it’s impossible to generalize the results, we can understand that Nursing and Narrative Medicine should be more integrated into the care pathway. Furthermore, healthcare workers should be trained in a suitable way., Introduction: In the late 20th Century, Kleinman and Good created Narrative Medicine (NM). In the following years, this method made its way in healthcare, reaching the peak in 2009 when R. Charon set up the first academic course of Narrative Medicine. Nevertheless, NM is still not well known and used. The main goal of this survey is attempting to understand the emotions felt by the patient while telling his/her own illness’ experience and then understand whether this approach improves therapy. Methods: The survey is developed through a methodological triangulation research consisting of a qualitative part, where 24 stories selected from the first two editions of “Quirino Maggiore” National Competition were analysed through the Van Kaam method, and a quantitative research, performed through a questionnaire submitted to patients suffering from chronic kidney disease thanks to the National Association of Hemodialysis Patients (ANED) and to Onlus Santa Maria Annunziata, Bagno a Ripoli, Florence. We received responses from 219 patients between 24 September 2021 and 18 October 2021. Results: The qualitative research identified 94 expressions grouped in 10 labels in which the most representative themes come to light. Through the questionnaire we can see that most people are not familiar with Nursing and Narrative Medicine, but that they consider the relationship between patients and healthcare workers very important. Conclusions: Although it’s impossible to generalize the results, we can understand that Nursing and Narrative Medicine should be more integrated into the care pathway. Furthermore, healthcare workers should be trained in a suitable way.

Iatrogenic coronary artery dissections (ICAD) are rare but potentially devastating complications during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Intima media complex separation may be produced either by the catheter tip or during PCI. Patient characteristics and procedure related risk factors are intimately linked to catheter induced ICAD over diagnostic angiography. Moreover, the increasing complexity of patients undergoing PCI, which frequently involves treatment of heavily calcified or occluded vessels, has increased the likelihood of dissections during PCI. A prompt recognition, along with a prompt management (either percutaneous, surgical or even careful watching), are key in preventing catastrophic consequences of ICAD, such as left ventricular dysfunction, cardiogenic shock, periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiac death. This review aims to summarize the main updates concerning the pathophysiology, highlight key risk factors and suggest recommendations in management and treatment of ICAD.

The article starts from the installation of Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who immediately seemed to bring a breath of fresh air and stability to Ethiopia and, from here, to the Horn of Africa. Abiy has presented itself as "the novelty" - both ethnically: after decades of representatives of the Federal Government of Tigrinya ethnicity, the new Prime Minister is of the Oromo ethnic group; - both on the political level: after decades of conflict with Eritrea, the new Prime Minister, in 2018, started an exchange of visits that reopened relations between the two countries. From these two points the contribution discusses the conflict that arose in the Horn of Africa.

Aims The aims of this study is to assess by an updated meta-analysis the clinical outcomes related to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at long-term (>= 12 months) follow-up (LTF). Methods and results A comprehensive literature research was performed on PubMed and EMBASE. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. Secondary endpoints were rehospitalization for heart failure, stroke, and myocardial infarction. A subgroup analysis was performed according to the Society of Thoracic Surgeon-Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS-PROM) score. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021243301). A total of 51 069 patients undergoing TAVI from 31 observational studies were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 22 months. At LTF, PPI post-TAVI was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death [risk ratio (RR) 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.25; P < 0.001] and rehospitalization for heart failure (RR 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.52; P < 0.001). In contrast, the risks of stroke and myocardial infarction were not affected. Among the 20 studies that reported procedural risk, the association between PPI and all-cause death risk at LTF was statistically significant only in studies enrolling patients with high STS-PROM score (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.40), although there was a similar tendency of the results in those at medium and low risk. Conclusion Patients necessitating PPI after TAVI have a higher long-term risk of all-cause death and rehospitalization for heart failure as compared to those who do not receive PPI.

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