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Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV), is becoming a significant public health threat due to its high mortality rate. Knowledge of SFTSV in southeastern coastal China is limited. The whole genomes of 66 SFTSV strains collected from 2013 to 2023 in Hangzhou, a coastal city in China, were amplified and sequenced to elucidate the geography-related genetic and pathogenic diversity. Hangzhou SFTSVs could be classified into five pure genotype groups (A, B-2, D, E, and F); genotype A was dominant, and genotype E was significantly associated with SFTS fatality. An unclassified sublineage of the L segment was proposed as a novel B-4 subgenotype. Seven types of genetic reassortants (abbreviated as B-3B-3B-1, CCA, B-2AB-2, B-2CB-2, DFD, B-4FF, and B-4B-2B-1 for the L, M, and S segments) were identified, including three novel forms. Six recombination events and ten amino acid substitutions were identified in the Hangzhou viruses. Collectively, our results demonstrated that all known SFTSV genotypes co-circulated in Hangzhou, leading to a gradual increase in genetic diversity and the generation of novel reassortants. Increased surveillance is urgently needed in Hangzhou, a critical region for SFTSV genetic exchange., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

In this paper, we designed a novel "Freeze-thaw" type hydrogel microneedle (PP-CDLut-AMY MN). The "Freeze-thaw" cycle endows the MN excellent water absorption, with a dissolution rate of up to 486 %. The addition of polydopamine@polypyrrole (PP) enabled the MN to have a stable temperature increase to approximately 50 °C under near-infrared light irradiation, which exhibited killing rates of 99 % and 98 % against free S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Natural macromolecule α-Amylase (AMY) was used as a bacterial biofilm disintegrator, and the destruction rate of S. aureus biofilm reached 83.2 %. Meanwhile, the incorporation of Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin @Luteolin (CDLut) provided the MN with good antioxidant properties, which could scavenge 73.35 % of DPPH free radicals. In vivo experiments have shown that the MN can effectively promote the healing of wounds infected by S. aureus biofilm and that the stable and gentle photothermal effect did not cause unnecessary damage to the surrounding tissues. We believe that this novel hydrogel MN has great potential to combat bacterial biofilms associated with wound infections., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Depression and anxiety significantly impact college students, leading to various negative outcomes. While numerous studies have investigated the relationship between these two conditions, their temporal sequence remains unresolved. Many previous studies have concentrated on broad latent variables, often neglecting the nuanced symptomatology perspective, which may offer deeper insight into the clinical characteristics of these disorders. In this study, we collected questionnaire data from a college in South China using a cluster random sampling method. Data collection occurred over two time points, with the first round completed in November 2022 and May 2023, with a six-month interval. A total of 689 participants successfully completed the questionnaires during both rounds. Employing cross-lagged network analysis from a symptom-focused perspective, this research examines the interactions and predictive relationships between symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings identified key symptoms-specifically "Irritability", "Guilty" and "Sad mood"- as critical bridging nodes of connection within the depression and anxiety symptom network. Our analysis revealed both bidirectional predictive relationships between certain symptoms nodes of depression and anxiety, as well as unidirectional ones. By highlighting these core nodes and their directional relationships, this study offers valuable insights that can inform targeted intervention and treatment strategies for enhancing mental health among college students., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest, and manuscript is approved by all authors for submission and publication., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Chrysene, as a high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), has become an important factor in degrading soil quality and constraining the safe production of food crops. Compost has been widely used to amend contaminated soil. However, to date, the main components of kitchen compost that enhance the biodegradation of chrysene in the soil remain unidentified. Thus, in this study, the enhancing effect and mechanisms of kitchen compost (KC) and kitchen compost-derived dissolved organic matter (KCOM) on chrysene removal from soil were investigated through cultivation experiments combined with high-throughput sequencing technology. Additionally, the key components influencing the degradation of chrysene were identified. The results showed that KCOM was the main component of compost that promoted the degradation of chrysene. The average degradation rate of chrysene in 1% KC- and 1% KCOM-treated soil increased by 27.20% and 24.18%, respectively, at different levels of chrysene pollution compared with the control treatment (CK). KC and KCOM significantly increased soil nutrient content, accelerated humification of organic matter, and increased microbial activity in the chrysene-contaminated soil. Correlation analyses revealed that the application of KC and KCOM optimized the microbial community by altering soil properties and organic matter structure. This optimization enhanced the degradation of soil chrysene by increasing the abundance of chrysene-degrading functional bacteria from the genera Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Lysinibacillus, and Acinetobacter. This study provides insight into the identification of key components that promote chrysene degradation and into the microbial-enhanced remediation of chrysene-contaminated soil., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Compost has demonstrated potential as a cadmium (Cd) remediation agent, while it still remains unclear about the core components in driving the bioactive transformation of Cd. To address this issue, this study isolated three components-kitchen compost powder (KC), humic acid (HA), and water-soluble organic matter (DOM)-from kitchen compost to regulate soil properties, bacterial community structures and functions, and Cd migration risks. The results revealed that the addition of 20% KC and HA reduced the bioavailability factor of Cd by 47.20% and 16.74%, respectively, with HA contributing 35.47% of the total reduction achieved with KC. Conversely, the application of DOM increased the Cd risk through a reduction in soil pH and an increase in the abundance of Cd-activating bacteria, which adversely affected the stability of Cd complexes. However, the porous structure and organic matter in KC and HA provided adsorption sites for Cd passivation and promoted the growth of Cd-fixing bacteria. This study effectively identifies both the positive and negative effects of key compost components on Cd migration and provides scientific guidance for applying kitchen compost in soil management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

A prokaryotic resistance-based directed evolution system leveraging protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) was devised, and its proficiency in detecting protein-protein interactions and discriminating varying degrees of binding affinity was demonstrated by two well-characterized protein pairs. Furthermore, we constructed a random mutant library based on the GBP R36K/E45K mutant, characterized by almost no affinity towards EGFP. This library was subjected to PCA-based prokaryotic directed evolution, resulting in the isolation of back-mutated variants. In summary, we have established an expedited, cost-effective, and structural information-independent PCA-based prokaryotic directed evolution platform for nanobody affinity maturation, featuring tunable screening stringency via modulation of antibiotic concentrations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Vertebral tumors in patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) have a low diagnostic rate and poor postoperative outcomes. The application of 68  Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT significantly increased the detection rate. Compared with tumor curettage, segmental resection was recommended as the preferred surgical type due to its high recovery rate., Purpose: Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an acquired hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, and surgery is the first-line therapy. Most TIO tumors are found in the bones of the appendicular skeleton, cranium, and paranasal sinuses but rarely in the vertebrae. Tumor curettage and segmental resection are the two main surgical options for vertebral TIO patients. However, research on the clinical characteristics and surgical prognosis of vertebral TIO patients is rare. In the present study, for the first time, we investigated the clinical characteristics of 16 vertebral TIO patients and compared the surgical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery via two different surgical methods., Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. In this study, we included 16 adult TIO patients with lesions in vertebrae from Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), all of whom underwent surgery. Baseline laboratory data were collected through medical records review. Technetium-99 m octreotide scintigraphy ( 99 Tc m -OCT) and 68 gallium-DOTA-TATE-positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( 68  Ga-DOTATATE-PET/CT) were conducted at the Department of Nuclear Medicine of PUMCH. The tumor histopathology was confirmed by a senior pathologist at our center., Results: Vertebral TIO patients had lower serum phosphorus and TmP/GFR and higher serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), and serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX) levels than the normal range. The sensitivity of 68  Ga‒DOTATATE PET/CT was 100%, significantly greater than that of 99 Tc m -OCT (40%). After comparing the outcomes between the two surgical methods, we found that the recovery rate after segmental resection (62.5%) was greater than that after tumor curettage (12.5%). In the thoracic and sacral vertebrae, segmental resection surgery had a good prognosis., Conclusion: 68  Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT could serve as the first diagnostic tool in patients with vertebral TIO, and segmental resection could be used as the preferred surgery. This study would raise awareness of the clinical features and management of these rare vertebral TIO patients., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Most clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) overexpresses carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX). [ 68 Ga]Ga-NY104 is a small-molecule PET agent selectively targeting CAIX. This study aims to assess the efficacy of [ 68 Ga]Ga-NY104 PET/CT to identify ccRCC., Materials and Methods: Participants were prospectively recruited in the study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05902377). They were further divided into two groups: group 1, patients with primary renal mass who were scheduled for surgery, group 2, patients with suspected/confirmed metastatic ccRCC. All patients underwent [ 68 Ga]Ga-NY104 PET/CT., Results: A total of 47 patients (mean age, 58.8 years ± 13.5, 34 men) were recruited, including 20 patients in group 1 and 27 patients in group 2. The patient-level sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [ 68 Ga]Ga-NY104 PET scan was 62%, 33%, 58% for group 1 and 95%, 100%, 96% for group 2. [ 68 Ga]Ga-NY104 PET identified additional 26 disease regions in 67% (14/21) of patients that were previously unknown. The tumor uptake was correlated with immunohistochemical staining results., Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-NY104 PET/CT has a high diagnostic efficacy for patients with metastatic ccRCC, while it might be of limited value in the diagnosis of primary ccRCC., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Partial hepatectomy (PH) is the primary method used for treating liver injury and transplantation. The regeneration process after hepatectomy requires an adequate energy supply, and mitochondria serve as the primary source of energy. Alterations in genes related to the respiratory chain complex may impact the liver regeneration process. The aim of this study was the changes in mitochondrial structure and mitochondrial function in 85% PH., Methods: A PH (up to 85%) model was developed using male C57BL/6 mice, and the regenerated liver tissue was harvested after 24 hours. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy were used for morphological studies. In terms of proliferation, a positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) rate was detected via immunohistochemistry. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were screened using a P value of <0.05 and a |fold change| of ≥1.5. The Hiplot online tool was used for generating a volcano plot and conducting correlation analyses. R software was employed for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses for the DEGs. A combined Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING)-Cytoscape method was used for protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses, whereas cytoHubba was used to the screen core DEGs., Results: After 85% PH, we observed steatosis, an increased PCNA positivity rate, mitochondrial swelling, and a reduced number of cristae due to cristae disintegration. We screened 30 DEGs that were associated with different processes, including oxidation-reduction, oxidoreductase activity, electron transfer activity, organelle envelope, inner mitochondrial membrane processes, and oxidative phosphorylation as well as those involved in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We identified a total of six hub genes: COX4I1 , ATP5B , UQCRC2 , CYC1 , ATP5O , and ATP5A1 ., Conclusions: The 85% PH model promotes mitochondrial complex protein expression, thereby providing energy for liver regeneration. The enriched genes were associated with oxidation-reduction, electron transfer activity, and inner mitochondrial membrane processes., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jgo.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jgo-24-243/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 AME Publishing Company. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Biomaterials loaded with ingredients derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are viewed as a promising strategy for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). However, a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on this topic has not yet been conducted. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews researches related to this approach, aiming to identify gaps and shortcomings in the field., Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature, Wanfang, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for retrieving studies on biomaterials loaded with TCM ingredients published from their inception to October 2024. Two reviewers performed screening of search results, information extraction, and literature quality assessment independently., Results: For this systematic review, 41 publications were included. Six TCM ingredients-paclitaxel, curcumin, tetramethylpyrazine, resveratrol, berberine, and tanshinone IIA were combined with biomaterials for treatment of SCI. Biomaterials were categorized into hydrogels, biodegradable scaffolds, nanoparticles, and microspheres according to the type of scaffold. These drug delivery systems exhibit commendable biocompatibility, drug-loading capacity, and drug-release capabilities, and in combination with TCM ingredients, synergistically contribute to anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-apoptotic effects., Conclusion: These studies demonstrated the efficacy of biomaterials loaded with TCM ingredients in facilitating motor function recovery and neuroprotection in SCI rats, providing evidence for future research. However, in the complex microenvironment of SCI, achieving the maximum drug loading capacity of TCM ingredients within biomaterials, along with sustained and controlled release to fully exert their pharmacological effects, remains a major challenge for future research., Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ identifier CRD42024505000., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Liu, Pei, Bai, Huo, Deng, Jiang, Tao, Xu, Li, Gao and Mu.)

Effective livestock manure management is crucial for carbon neutrality. Scientific accounting methods and integrated management strategies can help guide reductions in carbon emissions and promote green development. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by livestock manure, this study analyzed current accounting systems and focused on the complete chain of "collection-treatment-storage-use-returning" of manure based on the theoretical framework of greenhouse gas emissions accounting in the IPCC 2019 Guidelines. Combined with a life cycle assessment, the accounting list and boundaries were clarified, and the whole chain of livestock and poultry manure greenhouse gas accounting methodology system was proposed. Using swine breeding as a case study, this study evaluated the carbon emission reduction and sequestration effect of the whole manure chain using a typical technology model and a typical technological framework. It predicted the carbon reduction potential and sequestration benefits of utilizing swine manure in 2025 and 2030 in four scenarios. The findings indicated that the greenhouse gas emission factor of the whole chain of the six typical swine manure utilization modes in China was -48.82-40.54 kgCO 2 et -1 . In 2022, the net greenhouse gas emissions from swine manure in China totaled approximately 2.0 × 10 7 tCO 2 e, with manure resource utilization reducing emissions by 3.2 × 10 7 tCO 2 e. Our projections suggest that emissions from swine manure in China may range from -1.8 × 10 7 to 1.3 × 10 7 tCO 2 e by 2025 and from -3.1 × 10 7 to 4.5 × 10 6 tCO 2 e by 2030. This can help guide optimal greenhouse gas emission reduction pathways for livestock and poultry farming and aid in the formulation of policies., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: Poststroke cognitive impairment and dementia (PSCID) is a major cause of stroke-related morbidities and mortalities. Over the last few years, there has been growing evidence supporting the effectiveness of needle-related treatments in PSCID. Our goal was to rate the included therapies and assess the clinical effectiveness of various needle-related treatments in patients with PSCID., Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wanfang, FDA.gov, and ClinicalTrials.gov. A mix of subject terms and free words was used to search the databases. The retrieval period was from the inception date of the database to February, 2023. We included SRs and MAs from acupuncture RCTs of patients with PSCID. The Cochrane Risk Assessment Scale was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. State 17.0 was used for network meta-analysis in accordance with the Bayesian framework., Results: There were 34 studies total of 2690 patients. The cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) revealed that CT + CFT + EA was the most efficient intervention to improve (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE) efficiency, followed by CT + CFT + AP to improve (Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA) efficiency, CT + CFT + ACU for improving (Activities of Daily Living scale, ADL) scores, and CT + CFT + EA to improve clinical efficiency., Conclusion: The results show that Different acupuncture methods can improve cognitive function and daily living ability in patients with PSCID. Network meta-analysis revealed that both CT + CFT + ACU and CT + CFT + EA appeared to be more beneficial for daily living activities, while CT + CFT + EA and CT + CFT + AP appeared to be more helpful for cognitive performance in patients with PSCID. Treatments including acupuncture are safer and have a reduced incidence of negative side effects., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Public health and environmental well-being have become increasingly threatened by the contamination of pharmaceuticals and heavy metal ions. This study focuses on addressing this critical issue by developing a novel electrochemical sensor for the dual-functional detection of acetaminophen (AP) and Cu 2+ . Utilizing willow catkins as a biomass template, a hollow tubular NiS@NSC composite was prepared by simple nickel salt impregnation combined with calcination and sulfurization. A highly sensitive dual-functional electrochemical sensor was thus constructed that can detect both acetaminophen (AP) and Cu 2+ . By examining its electrochemical properties, the sensor achieves an impressive detection limit of 1.33 pM for AP, with a linear range of 4.00 pM ~ 0.15 mM. The sensor can also detect Cu 2+ , with a detection limit of 1.04 µM, and a linear range of 3.13 µM ~ 0.66 mM. The sensor also exhibits strong resistance to interference, and good repeatability and stability. In addition, the sensor has demonstrated good performance in actual sample analysis, including the detection of AP in serum and Cu 2+ in wastewater. This excellent electrochemical sensing performance is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of its unique tubular structure and highly conductive N, S co-doped carbon. This results in the sensor exhibiting minimal charge transfer resistance, an extensive electrochemically active surface area, and a high density of active sites., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is marked by joint damage and inflammation, with B cells playing a key role by generating autoantibodies. This study shows that G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) deficiency in B cells leads to increased activation, proliferation, antibody production, germinal center formation, and class switch recombination. GPR40 regulates Plcγ2 phosphorylation and intracellular calcium flux downstream of the B cell receptor by binding to the Gαq protein. In GPR40-deficient mice, susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis was higher. GPR40 agonists showed potential as therapeutic agents, and their reduced expression in patients with RA correlated with disease onset, suggesting GPR40 as a potential therapeutic target and diagnostic marker., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To cluster prenatal psychological symptoms into different profiles and investigate prenatal psychological symptoms' sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related factors. Furthermore, health-related quality of life was compared across prenatal psychological symptom profiles., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Obstetrics clinics of two university-affiliated, governmental, tertiary hospitals in Xi'an City, Northwestern China., Participants: Between June and August 2020, 1020 pregnant women who maintained their health assessment appointments at the two research sites participated in this study., Primary and Secondary Outcome Measures: This study's primary outcome was the creation of latent profiles of prenatal psychological symptoms. These were represented by the coexisting symptoms of three common psychological disorders: depression measured using the eight-item Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety measured using the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 and stress measured using the Pregnancy Stress Rating Scale. Secondary outcomes included potential sociodemographic, health-related and pregnancy-related factors associated with prenatal psychological symptoms, which were measured using a researcher-designed information sheet, and health-related quality of life, measured using the 5-Level EuroQol 5-Dimension questionnaire., Results: Prenatal psychological symptoms were classified into three latent profiles using latent profile analysis: low (62.9%), moderate (31.3%) and severe (5.8%). Factors associated with the severity of prenatal psychological symptoms included age, relationship with partner, relationship with mother-in-law, history of gynaecological diseases, history of dysmenorrhoea, stage of pregnancy, unplanned pregnancy, severity of vomiting symptoms and abnormal pregnancy indicators. Moreover, an inverse association was identified between the severity of prenatal psychological symptoms and health-related quality of life., Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of prenatal psychological symptoms and their adverse effects on health-related quality of life, the assessment of prenatal psychological symptoms should be integrated into prenatal healthcare and made routine practice. Investigating the relevant associated factors would be beneficial for identifying vulnerable individuals., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Aims: Secretory carcinoma of breast (SCB) typically harbours ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Pan-Trk immunohistochemistry analysis (IHC) has been shown to be sensitive for SCB diagnosis. However, weak focal pan-Trk nuclear staining was previously found in 10% of non-secretory breast carcinomas. To further examine pan-Trk IHC specificity, we evaluated pan-Trk staining in various breast carcinoma subtypes., Methods: The study cohort consisted of 346 invasive breast carcinomas (IBCs), including 8 SCBs and 48 triple-negative histological mimickers (36 metaplastic carcinomas, including 12 matrix-producing carcinomas; 5 adenoid cystic carcinomas; 5 apocrine carcinomas; 2 acinic cell carcinomas), 101 triple-negative IBCs of no special type, 101 estrogen receptor (ER)-positive/HER2-negative IBCs and 88 HER2-positive IBCs. Six salivary gland secretory carcinomas were also included. Pan-Trk IHC was performed on tumours using a rabbit monoclonal pan-Trk antibody. Any nuclear staining in the invasive carcinoma cells was considered positive., Results: All 14 secretory carcinomas from breast and salivary gland exhibited moderate to strong pan-Trk nuclear staining. In contrast, no pan-Trk nuclear staining was identified in any of the 338 non-secretory IBCs. Focal cytoplasmic pan-Trk staining was observed in nine non-secretory IBCs (2.7%), and was considered nonspecific and negative., Conclusions: Our results indicate that pan-Trk nuclear staining is highly specific for SCB. In low-grade to intermediate-grade IBCs that share histological features with SCB, adding pan-Trk to a routing panel of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/HER2 is highly diagnostic. Our results also support using pan-Trk IHC to differentiate SCB from its triple-negative histological mimickers, such as adenoid cystic carcinoma, matrix-producing carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Gender recognition is an important part of the duck industry. Currently, the gender identification of ducks mainly relies on manual labor, which is highly labor-intensive. This study aims to propose a novel method for distinguishing between males and females based on the characteristic sound parameters for day-old ducks. The effective data from the sounds of day-old ducks were recorded and extracted using the endpoint detection method. The 12-dimensional Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) with first-order and second-order difference coefficients in the effective sound signals of the ducks were calculated, and a total of 36-dimensional feature vectors were obtained. These data were used as input information to train three classification models, include a backpropagation neural network (BPNN), a deep neural network (DNN), and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The training results show that the accuracies of the BPNN, DNN, and CNN were 83.87%, 83.94%, and 84.15%, respectively, and that the three classification models could identify the sounds of male and female ducks. The prediction results showed that the prediction accuracies of the BPNN, DNN, and CNN were 93.33%, 91.67%, and 95.0%, respectively, which shows that the scheme for distinguishing between male and female ducks via sound had high accuracy. Moreover, the CNN demonstrated the best recognition effect. The method proposed in this study can provide some support for developing an efficient technique for gender identification in duck production.

Recently, a two-hit model for the development of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) was proposed but until now, only two cases supporting the model have been reported. Here, we present two new cases of primary aldosteronism (PA), both of which had large functional adenomas with somatic mutations in aldosterone-driving genes. Furthermore, the first patient, who had a history of colorectal cancer, was found to have a germline and an additional somatic mutation in APC, and APC inactivation was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The other patient had pathogenic somatic mutation inCTNNB1. These pro-proliferation mutations resulted in abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Two consecutive events apparent in these patients, namely, the first event leading to cell proliferation and the second driving hormonal hypersecretion, supported the two-hit model of APA development. The two-hit model usually occurs in the larger adenomas, and the driving factors of the first hit that promote cell proliferation still require further research and exploration., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Neurosurgery demands exceptional precision due to the brain's complex and delicate structures, necessitating precise targeting of pathological targets. Achieving optimal outcomes depends on the surgeon's ability to accurately differentiate between healthy and pathological tissues during operations. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has emerged as a promising innovation, offering real-time, in vivo non-invasive biochemical tissue characterization. This literature review evaluates the current research on RS applications in intraoperative neurosurgery, emphasizing its potential to enhance surgical precision and patient outcomes., Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted using PubMed to extract relevant peer-reviewed articles. The inclusion criteria focused on original research discussing real-time RS applications with human tissue samples in or near the operating room, excluding retrospective studies, reviews, non-human research, and other non-relevant publications., Results: Our findings demonstrate that RS significantly improves tumor margin delineation, with handheld devices achieving high sensitivity and specificity. Stimulated Raman Histology (SRH) provides rapid, high-resolution tissue images comparable to traditional histopathology but with reduced time to diagnosis. Additionally, RS shows promise in identifying tumor types and grades, aiding precise surgical decision-making. RS techniques have been particularly beneficial in enhancing the accuracy of glioma surgeries, where distinguishing between tumor and healthy tissue is critical. By providing real-time molecular data, RS aids neurosurgeons in maximizing the extent of resection (EOR) while minimizing damage to normal brain tissue, potentially improving patient outcomes and reducing recurrence rates., Conclusions: This review underscores the transformative potential of RS in neurosurgery, advocating for continued innovation and research to fully realize its benefits. Despite its substantial potential, further research is needed to validate RS's clinical utility and cost-effectiveness.

Background: Depression is a major global public health concern, often co-occurring with Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Focused on Depressive adolescents, this study aimed to quantify the importance of factors in predicting NSSI and compare them between the only child and non-only child groups, enriching knowledge to leverage tailored intervention strategies., Methods: A large multicenter survey was conducted in China. 2510 adolescents diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) volunteered for the study. 36 factors were included to train random forest models for NSSI prediction in only child and non-only child groups, respectively. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method was utilized to compute the relative importance of each factor in two groups., Results: Adolescents with MDD exhibited a rather high prevalence of NSSI (52.0 %), among them 66.9 % were non-only children. Self-esteem was the most significant factor for both groups, while critical disparities of factors were also found. In the only child group, factors like family support, parental overprotection, drinking alcohol, sleep conditions and romantic relationship involvement showed greater importance, while higher depression degree, anxiety level and emotional abuse were more important factors for non-only children., Limitations: The use of cross-sectional data from Chinese adolescents may limit deeper analysis of NSSI mechanisms and the generalizability to Western cultures., Conclusions: Only and non-only child family structures may have different influence on factors related with NSSI occurrence of adolescents with MDD. Only children were more susceptible to vulnerable family environments, alcohol abuse and romantic experience, while non-only children were more disturbed by abnormal mental states., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://qims.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/qims-24-720/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Purpose: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway activation causes chemotherapy resistance, and inhibition of the EGFR pathway sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells to chemotherapy in preclinical models. Given the high prevalence of EGFR overexpression in TNBC, we conducted a single-arm phase II study of panitumumab (anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody), carboplatin, and paclitaxel as the second phase of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC)-resistant TNBC (NCT02593175)., Patients and Methods: Patients with early-stage, AC-resistant TNBC, defined as disease progression or ≤80% reduction in tumor volume after four cycles of AC, were eligible for this study and received panitumumab (2.5 mg/kg i.v., every week × 13), paclitaxel (80 mg/m2 i.v. every week × 12), and carboplatin (AUC = 4 i.v., every 3 weeks × 4) as the second phase of NAT. A two-stage Gehan-type design was used to detect an improvement in the pathological complete response (pCR)/residual cancer burden class I (RCB-I) rate from 5% to 20%. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on diagnostic tumor biospecimens, where available., Results: From November 3, 2016, through August 23, 2021, 43 patients with AC-resistant TNBC were enrolled. The combined pCR/RCB-I rate was 30.2%. The most common treatment-related adverse events were neutropenia (72%) and anemia (61%), with 7 (16%), 16 (37%), and 8 (19%) patients experiencing grade 4 neutropenia, grade 3 neutropenia, and grade 3 anemia, respectively. No new safety signals were observed., Conclusions: This study met its primary endpoint (pCR/RCB-I = 30.2% vs. 5% in historical controls), suggesting that panitumumab should be evaluated as a component of NAT in patients with chemotherapy-resistant TNBC in a larger, randomized clinical trial., Significance: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway has been implicated as a driver of chemotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, we evaluate the combination of panitumumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel as the second phase of neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) in patients with AC-resistant TNBC. This study met its primary efficacy endpoint, and molecular alterations in EGFR pathway genes did not seem to influence response to the study regimen., (©2024 The Authors; Published by the American Association for Cancer Research.)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition often accompanied by severe impairments in cognitive and functional capacities. This research was conducted to identify RNA modification-related gene signatures and associated functional pathways in MDD. Differentially expressed RNA modification-related genes in MDD were first identified. And a random forest model was developed and distinct RNA modification patterns were discerned based on signature genes. Then, comprehensive analyses of RNA modification-associated genes in MDD were performed, including functional analyses and immune cell infiltration. The study identified 29 differentially expressed RNA modification-related genes in MDD and two distinct RNA modification patterns. TRMT112, MBD3, NUDT21, and IGF2BP1 of the risk signature were detected. Functional analyses confirmed the involvement of RNA modification in pathways like phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling in MDD. NUDT21 displayed a strong positive correlation with type 2 T helper cells, while IGF2BP1 negatively correlated with activated CD8 T cells, central memory CD4 T cells, and natural killer T cells. In summary, further research into the roles of NUDT21 and IGF2BP1 would be valuable for understanding MDD prognosis. The identified RNA modification-related gene signatures and pathways provide insights into MDD molecular etiology and potential diagnostic biomarkers., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Axillary dissection is the standard of care for patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Frozen section can provide intraoperative information regarding the need for axillary dissection during the index operation. However, there are limited data on the utility of frozen section in patients with clinically node-negative (cN0) HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer., Methods: We conducted a single-institution observational cohort study including patients with non-inflammatory, cN0, HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy between 2015 and 2019. We estimated the prevalence of SLN positivity and the diagnostic test characteristics of SLN frozen section., Results: Overall, 662 patients were eligible for inclusion, and 44 patients had one or more positive SLNs (prevalence: 6.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.9-8.8). There were 490 (74.0%) patients who had intraoperative frozen section, and 19 (3.9%) tested positive among 33 (6.7%) with positive final pathology. Frozen section sensitivity was 57.6% (95% CI 39.2-74.5), specificity was 100% (95% CI 99.2-100), positive predictive value was 100% (95% CI 82.4-100), and negative predictive value was 97.0% (95% CI 95.1-98.4). The sensitivity of frozen section for detection of micrometastases or isolated tumor cells was 35.3% (95% CI 14.2-61.7)., Conclusion: In patients with cN0 HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer who have been treated with neoadjuvant therapy, positive SLNs are uncommon and frozen section sensitivity is modest. Decisions to defer SLN evaluation to final pathology, which may be reasonable in many settings, can be informed, in part, by these findings., (© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Purpose: 18 F-labelled somatostatin receptor (SSTR) analogs offer several advantages over 68 Ga in terms of yield, cost, spatial resolution and detection rate. This study presents an interim analysis of a prospective trial designed to assess the safety, biodistribution and dosimetry of [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3, and compare its diagnostic efficacy and clinical management outcomes with [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE or [ 68 Ga]Ga-NODAGA-LM3 in patients with well-differentiated NETs., Methods: Twenty-one patients with histologically confirmed well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (G1 and G2) were prospectively recruited. The first eight patients underwent serial PET scans at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 120 min after [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 injection to assess biodistribution and dosimetry. The remaining patients underwent whole-body PET/CT scans. [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT were done within a week, with a minimum 24-hour interval between the two scans. Focal uptake above the surrounding background activity and could not be explained by physiologic uptake was considered lesions of NETs. Lesion number, tumor uptake, and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) were compared. In patients with discrepant findings, the size of the smallest lesions (measured on coregistered CT) detected on [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE and [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 was compared., Results: [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 was safe and well-tolerated. Physiological uptake of [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 was significantly lower than that of [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE in abdominal organs and bone marrow, but higher in blood pool and lung. The mean effective dose was 0.024 ± 0.014 mSv/MBq. [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 detected significantly more liver lesions (457 vs. 291, P = 0.006) and lymph node lesions (30 vs. 22, P = 0.011) compared to [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE. The tumor uptake was comparable, but TBR was significantly higher with [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 for lesions from all sites except for the duodenum. The size of the minimum liver lesions (0.54 ± 0.15 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, P<0.001) and lymph node lesions (0.50 ± 0.19 vs. 1.26 ± 0.86, P = 0.024) detected on [ 18 F]ALF-NOTA-LM3 were significantly smaller than those detected on [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE., Conclusion: [ 18 F]AlF-NOTA-LM3 shows favorable biodistribution, higher spatial resolution and superior performance than [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE in detecting liver and lymph node metastases, with higher TBR. Notably, it is the first SSTR analog to show superiority in detecting lymph node lesions when compared to [ 68 Ga]Ga-DOTATATE., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06056362., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: The issue of problematic Internet use (PIU) amongst college students is emerging as a major concern for mental health. Factors such as health literacy, subjective well-being and the extent of social support may be critical in preventing PIU. However, the complex relationship between these factors has not been extensively explored in research., Methods: A national cross-sectional study based on multistage random sampling was conducted in China in 2022. The subjects for this study were 7669 college students who completed a set of questionnaires assessing their health literacy, subjective well-being, PIU and social support. A structural equation model (SEM) was utilised for exploring the mediating effect of subjective well-being, and the PROCESS macro was used to test the moderating effect of social support., Results: After controlling for demographic factors, a significantly negative correlation was found between health literacy and PIU, and subjective well-being partially mediated this relationship. In addition, social support was negatively related to PIU and could moderate the relationship between health literacy and subjective well-being and between subjective well-being and PIU., Limitations: This is a cross-sectional study, and the results cannot inform the causality between these variables., Conclusion: Results revealed that the relationship between health literacy and PIU was partially mediated by subjective well-being in college students. The correlation between health literacy and subjective well-being and between subjective well-being and PIU were moderated by social support. Thus, future interventions for college students' PIU should be facilitated by improving health literacy, subjective well-being and social support., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Previous observational studies have reported the correlation between circulating inflammatory cytokines and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). However, the causality of this association is uncertain. This study used Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal effect of circulating inflammatory cytokines on neuroimaging changes in CSVD., Methods: This study utilized genetic variances of 41 inflammatory cytokines and 3 neuroimaging markers of CSVD from genome-wide association studies to assess the causal effects in a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach. Inverse variance weighted analysis was used as the main analytical method, and sensitivity analysis was used to further validate the robustness of the results., Results: Increased IL-18 was associated with increased white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and mean diffusivity (MD) (β = 0.034, 95 % CI 0.002, 0.065, P=0.038, β = 0.157, 95 % CI 0.015, 0.299, P=0.030). However, increased IL-18 was associated with decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) (β = -0.141, 95 % CI -0.279, -0.002, P=0.047). Increased monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) was associated with decreased FA (β = -0.278, 95 % CI -0.502, -0.054, P=0.015). Increased IL-10 levels and IL-2ra levels were associated with decreased risks of MD (β = -0.228, 95 % CI -0.448, -0.009, p = 0.041; β = -0.204, 95 % CI=-0.377, -0.031, p = 0.021)., Conclusions: This study revealed that increased levels of IL-18 and MCP-1 were associated with white matter microstructural injury, and increased levels of IL-10 and IL-2ra were associated with decreased MD., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Developing bifunctional innovative food packaging for maintaining and monitoring food freshness is crucial for food safety. Here, we prepared tannic acid cinnamaldehyde nanoemulsions through self-assembly and ionic cross-linking between the natural emulsifiers tannic acid and cinnamaldehyde, and were incorporated into chitosan as a protective outer layer. Sodium alginate anchored with alizarin was employed as the sensing inner layer. A pH-sensitive bilayer film integrating real-time monitoring and maintenance of food fresh food freshness was designed using layer-by-layer assembly (LBL) technology. The prepared bilayer film exhibited 100 % UV protection, >99 % antimicrobial effect, and 94.86 % and 97.91 % clearance rates for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. In addition, the bilayer film exhibited high biosafety and sensitive, reversible, and rapid response to pH/NH 3 . Shrimp preservation experiments showed that the smart bilayer film could effectively slow down the growth of microorganisms on the surface of shrimp, extend the freshness period of shrimp, and could monitor the freshness of shrimp in real-time through color changes. In conclusion, the prepared SL-CCT bilayer film has excellent potential for food preservation and freshness monitoring, providing a new perspective for design and development of multifunctional smart food packaging films., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Assessment of treatment response in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) may guide individualized care for improved patient outcomes. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures tissue anisotropy and could be useful for characterizing changes in the tumors and adjacent fibroglandular tissue (FGT) of TNBC patients undergoing neoadjuvant systemic treatment (NAST)., Purpose: To evaluate the potential of DTI parameters for prediction of treatment response in TNBC patients undergoing NAST., Study Type: Prospective., Population: Eighty-six women (average age: 51 ± 11 years) with biopsy-proven clinical stage I-III TNBC who underwent NAST followed by definitive surgery. 47% of patients (40/86) had pathologic complete response (pCR)., Field Strength/sequence: 3.0 T/reduced field of view single-shot echo-planar DTI sequence., Assessment: Three MRI scans were acquired longitudinally (pre-treatment, after 2 cycles of NAST, and after 4 cycles of NAST). Eleven histogram features were extracted from DTI parameter maps of tumors, a peritumoral region (PTR), and FGT in the ipsilateral breast. DTI parameters included apparent diffusion coefficients and relative diffusion anisotropies. pCR status was determined at surgery., Statistical Tests: Longitudinal changes of DTI features were tested for discrimination of pCR using Mann-Whitney U test and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: 47% of patients (40/86) had pCR. DTI parameters assessed after 2 and 4 cycles of NAST were significantly different between pCR and non-pCR patients when compared between tumors, PTRs, and FGTs. The median surface/average anisotropy of the PTR, measured after 2 and 4 cycles of NAST, increased in pCR patients and decreased in non-pCR patients (AUC: 0.78; 0.027 ± 0.043 vs. -0.017 ± 0.042 mm 2 /s)., Data Conclusion: Quantitative DTI features from breast tumors and the peritumoral tissue may be useful for predicting the response to NAST in TNBC., Evidence Level: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 4., (© 2024 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Neuroblastoma is a deadly pediatric cancer that originates from the neural crest and frequently develops in the abdomen or adrenal gland. Although multiple approaches, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, are recommended for treating neuroblastoma, the tumor will eventually develop resistance, leading to treatment failure and cancer relapse. Therefore, a firm understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance is vital for the development of new effective therapies. Recent research suggests that cancer-specific modifications to multiple subtypes of nonapoptotic regulated cell death (RCD), such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis, contribute to therapeutic resistance in neuroblastoma. Targeting these specific types of RCD may be viable novel targets for future drug discovery in the treatment of neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the core mechanisms by which the inability to properly execute ferroptosis and cuproptosis can enhance the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma. Therefore, we focus on emerging therapeutic compounds that can induce ferroptosis or cuproptosis, delineating their beneficial pharmacodynamic effects in neuroblastoma treatment. Cumulatively, we suggest that the pharmacological stimulation of ferroptosis and ferroptosis may be a novel and therapeutically viable strategy to target neuroblastoma., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In this study, we explored the potential application of [d-Ala2, d-Leu5]-enkephalin (DADLE) in anti-ageing field in response to the trend of increasing global population ageing. We aimed to reveal experimentally whether DADLE can positively affect the lifespan and health of aged mammals through its unique anti-inflammatory or metabolic mechanisms. Forty-two female C57/BL6J mice aged 18 months were intraperitoneally injected with DADLE or normal saline for 2 months. Cognitive and motor functions were assessed using a water maze and treadmill stress test, respectively. The expressions of P16INK4A, Lamin B1 and sirtuin 1 were observed in the hippocampus and heart. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The telomere length of the mice was determined using the polymerase chain reaction method. Transcriptome analysis of 6-month-old female C57BL/6 J mice brains and hearts was assessed for body weight effects. Supplementation of exogenous DADLE to aged mice has demonstrated significant benefits, including improved motor function, enhanced cognitive performance and significantly extended lifespan. DADLE treatment resulted in a substantial increase in anti-ageing markers and a corresponding decrease in pro-ageing markers in the heart and brain of these mice. DADLE attenuated age-related inflammation, as evidenced by reductions in serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cell infiltration in tissues. Furthermore, DADLE supplementation significantly prolonged relative telomere length in aged female mice, suggesting a potential mechanism for its anti-ageing effects. Transcriptome analysis revealed that immune response and cellular signalling pathways are intricately involved in the protective effects of DADLE in aged mice, providing further insights into its mechanism of action. Inflammatory reaction may be improved by DADLE by regulating the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the liver and kidney and regulating the cognitive function of the brain and the ageing of the heart in mice., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the detection rate of [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT and [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET/CT in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients, and to explore the value of [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT for tumor load assessment., Methods: Nineteen NDMM Patients were prospectively recruited and underwent both [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT and [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET/CT. A positive PET scan was defined as the presence of PET-positive focal bone lesions, paraskeletal disease, extramedullary plasmacytoma, or diffuse bone marrow uptake. Lesion numbers, SUVmax and PET-related tumor burden values were compared. The correlations between PET-related tumor burden and clinical risk stratification were analyzed., Results: [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT showed a tendency of higher positive rate compared with [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET/CT [94.7% (18/19) vs. 78.9% (15/19), p > 0.05]. Among 14 patients with 151 matched focal bone lesions, [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET detected more or equal number of lesions in 13 patients, and demonstrated higher uptake value than 68  Ga-pentixafor PET [SUVmax, 16.8 (9.0, 23.8) vs. 13.4 (6.5, 20.4), p < 0.001]. For PET related-tumor burden, positive correlations of total bone marrow uptake (TBmU) (r = 0.9540, p < 0.0001) and SUVmean of total bone marrow (r = 0.9632, p < 0.0001) in two PET scans were observed. Higher TBmU [7864.9 (5549.2, 11,616.2) vs. 5383.4(4102.7, 11,041.8), p < 0.001], SUVmean of total bone marrow [1.4 (1.1, 2.2) vs. 1.1 (0.7, 2.1), p < 0.001] were demonstrated on [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET than [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET. And the level of TBmU in [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET and [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET were both elevated in Durie-Salmon Staging (DSS) III than DSS I (p < 0.01)., Conclusions: [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT performed a non-inferior capability for tumor detection compared to [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET/CT in NDMM patients. [ 68 Ga]pentixather PET/CT can assess tumor load in MM patients and depict a significantly higher PET-related total tumor burden than [ 68 Ga]pentixafor PET/CT., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to World Molecular Imaging Society.)

Background: Inflammation and malnutrition are related to adverse clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether there is a relationship between the PNI (prognostic nutritional index) and RDW (red blood cell distribution width) regarding the impact on the prognosis in patients with CAD undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)., Methods: A total of 5605 consecutive CAD patients undergoing PCI were selected retrospectively. The patients were stratified into four groups according to the PNI [high PNI (H-PNI) and low PNI (L-PNI)] and RDW [high RDW (H-RDW) and low RDW (L-RDW)]. The cutoff values of RDW and PNI were calculated using receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause mortality (ACM). The secondary endpoint was major adverse cardiac cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), the composite of cardiac death (CD), the recurrence of MI, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and stroke. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between the PNI, RDW, and clinical endpoints., Results: During 1-year follow-up, 235 (4.19%) patients died. In multivariate regression analysis, the L-PNI/H-RDW group was found to have the highest risk of 1-year ACM [hazard ratio (HR) = 8.85, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.96-13.15, p = 0.020] with the H-PNI/L-RDW group as a reference, followed by the L-PNI/L-RDW (HR = 3.96, 95% CI: 2.60-6.00, p < 0.001) and H-RDW/H-PNI groups (HR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.99-4.50, p < 0.001). Nomograms were developed to predict the probability of 1-year ACM and MACCEs., Conclusions: CAD patients with L-PNI and H-RDW experienced the worst prognosis. The combination of PNI and RDW was a strong predictor of 1-year ACM. The coexistence of PNI and RDW appears to have a synergistic effect, providing further information for the risk stratification of CAD patients.

3D building models have a complex structure and a large number of triangular meshes, which can put great pressure on computer real-time rendering. Therefore, the model needs to be simplified to reduce the number of meshes without affecting the overall visual effect of the model. The algorithm in this paper is based on triangle folding, which simplifies more but loses model details. In order to make up for the shortcoming of triangle folding, more constraints need to be introduced for error control. Meanwhile, this paper solves the problem of higher complexity of the algorithm due to the introduction of more constraints by calculating the Mahalanobis distance of each constraint factor introduced. The vertices with obvious sharp features are constrained to keep the structure of the model undeformed. Experiments prove that the algorithm in this paper can better preserve the detailed features and the visual effect of the model., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Background: Knowledge and use of sexual reproductive health and human immunodeficiency virus (SRH and HIV) services are crucial for the prevention of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). This study aims to assess the knowledge and perceptions of AGYW about the SRH and HIV services offered in health facilities in Maputo, Mozambique., Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted based on exit surveys with AGYW held at Zimpeto and 1° de Junho Health Facilities in Maputo City, between May 1, and June 9, 2023. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA, using SPSS version 20., Results: 590 AGYW, aged 15-24 years of age, were included in the study. In general, knowledge of SRH and HIV services was fairly high, with knowledge of each specific service offered ranging between 38% and 97%. Knowledge about SRH and HIV services differed depending on the health facility where the AGYW sought SRH and HIV services; the participant's age; their occupation; their religion, and who they lived with. Counseling services were the most commonly reported services attended, with >90% of participants reporting having received counseling for each of the following: STI and HIV and pregnancy prevention, sexuality, and safer sex practices. The quality of SRH and HIV services, and attitudes of the providers were considered good by >90% of AGYW. Roughly 95% of AGYW at Zimpeto Health Facility were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied". Whereas at 1° de Junho Health Facility, only roughly 75% of AGYW were either "satisfied" or "very satisfied", and roughly 20% of AGYW were "little satisfied that their needs had been met that day., Conclusions: Among AGYW there is high levels of knowledge about counseling services in contrast to diagnostics, treatment and clinical care. Specific attention should be given to ensuring appropriate physical infrastructure, such as dedicated adolescent friendly spaces and comfortable seating, and targeted interventions designed and implemented for those health facilities's identified. Targeted interventions should be designed and implemented for those HF's identified with lower AGYW perceived quality of service delivery., Competing Interests: Competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

The co-contamination of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in rice fields presents a global imperative for resolution. However, understanding the complex microbially driven geochemical processes and network connectivity crucial for As and Cd bioavailability under the frequent redox transitions in rice fields remains limited. Here, we conducted a series of microcosm experiments, using flooding and drainage, alongside fertilization treatments to emulate different redox environment in paddy soils. Soil As significantly reduced in drained conditions following applications of biochar or calcium-magnesium-phosphate (CMP) fertilizers by 26.3 % and 31.2 %, respectively, with concurrent decreases in Cd levels. Utilizing geochemical models, we identified the primary redox cycles dynamically altering during flooding (Fe and S cycles) and drainage (Fe, Mn, and N cycles). PLS-SEM elucidated 76 % and 61 % of the variation in Cd and As through Mn and N cycles. Functional genes implicated in multi-element cycles were analyzed, revealing a significantly higher abundance of assimilatory N reduction genes (nasA, nirA/B, narB) in drained soil, whereas an increase in ammonia-oxidizing genes (amoA/B) and a decrease in nitrate reduction to ammonium genes were observed after CMP fertilizer application. Biochar application led to significant enrichment of the substrate-binding protein of the Mn transport gene (mntC). Moreover, Fe transport genes were enriched after biochar or CMP application compared to drained soils. Among 40 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), microbial predictors associated with low Cd and As contents across different treatments were examined. Bradyrhizobacea harbored abundant Mn and Fe III transport genes, while Nitrososphaeraceae carried nitrification-related genes. Two MAGs affiliated with Caulobacteraceae, carrying diverse Fe transport genes, were enriched in biochar-applied soils. Therefore, applying CMP fertilizer or biochar in aerobic rice fields can synergistically reduce the bioavailability of Cd and As by specifically enhancing the circulation of essential elements., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Rapid-onset obesity with hypoventilation, hypothalamic dysfunction, and autonomic dysregulation (ROHHAD) is an exceptionally rare condition. This case report highlights a child diagnosed with ROHHAD syndrome, presenting with a mediastinal tumor. ROHHAD syndrome is characterized by early onset obesity, hypothalamic dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, inadequate ventilation, suspected seizures, and abnormal behavior. The presence of a mediastinal tumor necessitated surgical intervention. Key considerations during surgery included hypernatremia due to hypothalamic dysfunction, potential airway challenges, preoperative anemia, and hemodynamic fluctuations during the removal of the sizable mediastinal tumor. Comprehensive preparations ensured a safe operation. Notably, some children with this syndrome may exhibit symptoms such as decreased gastrointestinal function, polyuria, and thermoregulatory disturbances. Vigilance is essential during anesthesia assessment in these patients. Anesthesiologists should enhance their knowledge of this condition and tailor their management strategies based on individual clinical presentations and the specific planned surgical procedures., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (© 2024 Ma, Gao, Huo and Wang.)

The emission of microplastics and heavy metals in landfills has attracted widespread attention for its stabilization process. Microplastics have become carriers of heavy metals due to their adsorption properties, affecting their environmental behavior. However, the effects of landfill stabilization on the interaction between microplastics and heavy metals in leachate are ambiguous. This work explored the abundance characteristics of microplastics and heavy metals in leachate from 10 landfills in Beijing. Overall, the average abundance of microplastics was 196.3 items/L, dominated by small particle size (20-50 µm) and film microplastics. The levels of Cr and As were much higher than other heavy metals. The average abundance of microplastics and polymer types tended to decrease as the landfill stabilization proceeded, and the surface composition of microplastics became more complex. Statistical analysis revealed that the correlations between microplastics and heavy metals in the leachate of landfill stabilization presented significant parabolic characteristics, and Cr and As were more susceptible to landfill stabilization with significant positive correlation with a wide range of microplastics such as 20-30 µm. These results were intended to provide a scientific basis for the treatment and disposal of waste leachate and the synergistic prevention and control of new and traditional pollutants., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Kiwifruit, belonging to the genus Actinidia, represents a unique fruit crop characterized by its modern cultivars being genetically diverse and exhibiting remarkable variations in morphological traits and adaptability to harsh environments. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying such morphological diversity remain largely elusive., Results: We report the high-quality genomes of five Actinidia species, including Actinidia longicarpa, A. macrosperma, A. polygama, A. reticulata, and A. rufa. Through comparative genomics analyses, we identified three whole genome duplication events shared by the Actinidia genus and uncovered rapidly evolving gene families implicated in the development of characteristic kiwifruit traits, including vitamin C (VC) content and fruit hairiness. A range of structural variations were identified, potentially contributing to the phenotypic diversity in kiwifruit. Notably, phylogenomic analyses revealed 76 cis-regulatory elements within the Actinidia genus, predominantly associated with stress responses, metabolic processes, and development. Among these, five motifs did not exhibit similarity to known plant motifs, suggesting the presence of possible novel cis-regulatory elements in kiwifruit. Construction of a pan-genome encompassing the nine Actinidia species facilitated the identification of gene DTZ79&#95;23g14810 specific to species exhibiting extraordinarily high VC content. Expression of DTZ79&#95;23g14810 is significantly correlated with the dynamics of VC concentration, and its overexpression in the transgenic roots of kiwifruit plants resulted in increased VC content., Conclusions: Collectively, the genomes and pan-genome of diverse Actinidia species not only enhance our understanding of fruit development but also provide a valuable genomic resource for facilitating the genome-based breeding of kiwifruit., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Mechanical ventilation is an important means of environmental control in multitier laying hen cages. The mainstream ventilation mode currently in use, negative-pressure ventilation (NPV), has the drawbacks of a large temperature difference before and after adjustment and uneven air velocity distribution. To solve these problems, this study designed and analyzed a combined positive and negative-pressure ventilation system for laying hen cages. According to the principle of the conservation of mass to increase the inlet flow in the negative-pressure ventilation system on the basis of the addition of the pressure-wind body-built positive-and-negative-pressure-combined ventilation (PNCV) system, further, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed to analyze the distribution of environmental parameters in the chicken cage zone (CZ) with inlet angles of positive-pressure fans set at 45°, 90°, and 30°. Simulation results showed that the PNCV system increased the average air velocity in the CZ from 0.94 m/s to 1.04 m/s, 1.28 m/s, and 0.99 m/s by actively blowing air into the cage. The maximum temperature difference in the CZ with the PNCV system was 2.91 °C, 1.80 °C, and 3.78 °C, which were all lower than 4.46 °C, the maximum temperature difference in the CZ with the NPV system. Moreover, the relative humidity remained below 80% for the PNCV system and between 80% and 85% for the NPV system. Compared with the NPV system, the PNCV system increased the vertical airflow movement, causing significant cooling and dehumidifying effects. Hence, the proposed system provides an effective new ventilation mode for achieving efficient and accurate environmental control in laying hen cages.

Aim: This study was intended to establish the reference intervals of bone turnover markers (BTMs) for healthy populations., Methods: According to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP28-A3c, we recruited 774 healthy Chinese and investigated their clinical characteristics and relationships among gender, age, season and BTMs. The reference intervals of BTMs for healthy populations in Hebei of China were established through defining the central 95% range of all observations., Results: We found that gender were associated with 25(OH)D, OC, β-CTX, and P1NP (P < 0.05), but not PTH1-84 (P=0.138). All serum BTMs showed differences among different age groups (P < 0.01). The level of 25 (OH) D in winter showed statistical differences with spring, summer, and autumn (P<0.05). The OC level showed statistical difference between summer and winter (P=0.000). The P1NP levels showed statistical difference between spring and winter (P=0.019), summer and winter (P=0.000), and summer and autumn (P=0.012), respectively. The PTH1-84 levels in winter showed statistical differences with spring, and summer (all P=0.000), while there was no statistically significant difference in β- CTX levels between seasons., Conclusion: We have established the reference intervals of several BTMs for healthy individuals in Hebei of China, which have statistical significance across different age groups and genders, and there are also significant differences between different seasons. Therefore, the Chinese medical laboratories in different locations should group individuals according to gender and age groups in different seasons, and establish corresponding biological reference intervals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in this work., (© 2024 Huo et al.)

Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) are a high-risk group susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and long-COVID syndrome appearance. However, there is limited and unclear evidence for long COVID in MHD patients. We collected the general information, symptoms, signs and laboratory indices of 366 MHD patients infected with COVID-19 and conducted 12 months follow-up with a series of questionnaires. As a result, 285 MHD patients had long COVID, with the most common symptoms were fatigue (84.69%) and muscle weakness (72.45%). Mobility problem (p < 0.001), anxiety/depression (p = 0.002) and breathlessness (p < 0.001) were more prevalent in long COVID patients than in non-long COVID patients. Persistent long COVID people were more likely to report all domains problems of the EQ-5D-5L. Age, female, inadequate dialysis (Kt/V < 1.2), coagulation abnormalities (d-dimer > 1 mg/L) and more comorbidities were risk factors for the development of long COVID. In addition to these factors, elevated inflammatory markers (CRP > 10 mg/L) represent an extra risk factor for the persistence of long COVID symptoms in MHD patients. And more than 80% of long COVID symptoms would resolve after 1 year in MHD patients, of which the sixth month after COVID-19 infection is a critical turning point. In conclusion, more than 68% of MHD patients have long COVID, which has a poor impact on their health status and quality of life. These risk factors for the development and persistence of long COVID deserve the attention of clinicians., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purpose: Joint contracture is a common disease in clinical practice, joint bleeding is an important factor affecting the progression of joint contracture. This study aimed to explore the effect of extracorporeal shock wave on alleviating joint capsule fibrosis caused by intra-articular hemorrhage in rats., Methods: Forty two SD rats were randomly divided into seven groups. Perform simple fixation and fixation after blood injection separately. Measure the range of motion of each group's knee joints and calculate the corresponding degree of contraction. Use HE staining and Masson staining to detect the number of anterior joint capsule cells and collagen deposition. Detection of changes in Wnt1, β-catenin protein expression in joint capsule using Western blotting., Results: Compared to group C, the degree of knee joint contracture in M1 and M2 groups of rats increased, and collagen deposition, cell number and Wnt1, β-catenin protein expression also increased accordingly. Compared to M1 and M2 groups, the degree of knee contraction in E1 and E2 groups were reduced, while collagen deposition, cell number and Wnt1, β-catenin protein expression were decreased, and the degree of joint contracture in NR1 and NR2 groups showed no significant improvement. Compared to NR1 and NR2 groups, the degree of knee contraction in E1 and E2 groups were reduced, while collagen deposition, cell number and Wnt1, β-catenin protein expression were decreased., Conclusions: Both rat models of knee joint contracture were successful, and joint bleeding can exacerbate joint contracture. Extracorporeal shock waves alleviate joint capsule fibrosis caused by intra-articular bleeding in rats.

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAPB) are significant bacterial groups in aquatic ecosystems, known for their rapid growth and photoheterotrophic characteristics. However, the distribution and ecological assembly process of AAPB in low irradiation freshwater basins remain unclear, warranting further investigation. In this study, we present the diversity, abundance, spatial variations, ecological process, and community interaction of AAPB in sediment of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) under low irradiation. Our findings demonstrate the dominant genera of AAPB community that exist in the TGR area also are appeared in different waters, with some regional preference. Moreover, the concentration of pufM gene, an indicator for AAPB, maintains a consistently high numerical level ranging from (2.21 ± 0.44) × 10 4 to (9.98 ± 0.30) × 10 7 gene copies/g. Although solar irradiation is suggested as the major factor affecting AAPB, it remains unclear whether and how AAPB differ between regions due to varying solar irradiation levels. Our results show spatial differences between total bacteria and AAPB communities, with significant differences observed only in AAPB. Geographical and environmental factor contributed less than 10% to the spatial difference of community, with sediment type and environmental factors being the key factors influencing microbial community structure. The stochastic process plays a dominant role in the aggregation and replacement of AAPB communities, among which the most contribution is dispersal limitation. For AAPB network, Yoonia and Gemmobacter are the hubs for modules. Those results valuable insights into the AAPB communities in TGR with low irradiation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation influences development and genome stability in organisms; however, its impact on meiosis, a special cell division essential for the delivery of genetic information across generations in eukaryotes, has not yet been elucidated. In this study, by performing cytogenetic studies, we reported that UV radiation does not damage meiotic chromosome integrity but attenuates centromere-mediated chromosome stability and induces unreduced gametes in Arabidopsis thaliana. We showed that functional centromere-specific histone 3 (CENH3) is required for obligate crossover formation and plays a role in the protection of sister chromatid cohesion under UV stress. Moreover, we found that UV specifically alters the orientation and organization of spindles and phragmoplasts at meiosis II, resulting in meiotic restitution and unreduced gametes. We determined that UV-induced meiotic restitution does not rely on the UV Resistance Locus8-mediated UV perception and the Tapetal Development and Function1- and Aborted Microspores-dependent tapetum development, but possibly occurs via altered JASON function and downregulated Parallel Spindle1. This study provides evidence that UV radiation influences meiotic genome stability and gametophytic ploidy consistency in flowering plants., (© 2024 The Author(s). New Phytologist © 2024 New Phytologist Foundation.)

[ 18 F]-Florbetazine ([ 18 F]-92) is a selective PET tracer for β-amyloid (Aβ) depositions with a novel diaryl-azine scaffold to reduce lipophilicity and to achieve higher gray-to-white matter contrast. We aimed to assess its diagnostic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pharmacokinetics characteristics in human subjects., Methods: Six healthy controls (HCs) and nine AD patients underwent dynamic PET examination with [ 18 F]-Florbetazine and a structural MRI scan. The time-activity-curves (TACs) for volumes of interest (VOIs) in cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and cerebral white matter was depicted and their standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) with cerebellar cortex as reference were compared between HCs and AD patients. The cerebral gray-to-white matter SUV ratio (GWR) was also calculated., Results: In HCs, radioactivities in the cerebral cortex VOIs were homogeneously low and at the same level as in cerebellar cortex, while in AD patients, cortical VOIs expected to contain Aβ exhibited high radioactivity. Cerebral cortex SUVRs remain relatively low in HCs while keep increasing along with time in AD patients. After 15 min, the cerebral cortex SUVRs became significant higher in AD patients compared to HCs with 100 % discrimination accuracy. In AD patients, GWR remained over 1.3 for all time intervals and visual inspection showed lower uptake in cerebral white matter compared to cerebral cortex., Conclusion: [ 18 F]-Florbetazine PET showed high uptake on Aβ plaques and high gray-to-white contrast in AD patients that are favorable in visual read. [ 18 F]-Florbetazine can be potentially used for detection and quantification of Aβ depositions in the living human brain., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) regulates plant behavior in both agricultural and environmental fields. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which DOM influences soil-plant system interactions during the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the enhanced effect of kitchen compost-derived DOM on the Cd remediation capability of ryegrass across three phases of phytoremediation. The main pathways and mechanisms of DOM-assisted phytoremediation were identified through the analysis of changes in soil microbial communities and metabolism functions. The results revealed that DOM increased the bioavailability of soil Cd and significantly enhanced the Cd enrichment capacity of ryegrass, regardless of the application rate. The application of 20 % DOM to soil with a 20 mg/kg Cd content increased the bioconcentration factors of ryegrass roots and shoots by up to 38.19 and 11.08 times, respectively, compared with the control group. The direct or indirect optimizing effects of DOM on Cd fraction transformation, microbial communities, and their metabolism functions significantly enhanced the Cd enrichment capacity of ryegrass. Notably, DOM exhibited dual effects on ryegrass growth, mainly influenced by changes in soil physicochemical properties, optimization of microbial communities, and alterations in nitrogen metabolic functions. Additionally, the Cd reserves in ryegrass, which serve as a vital indicator of phytoremediation, exhibited a positive response to DOM. This study provides insights into the various reinforcing roles of kitchen compost-derived DOM in Cd-contaminated soil phytoremediation. These findings support the development of effective agronomic strategies for precise Cd regulation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)