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Background: In the $A\ensuremath{\approx}50$ mass region $M1$ spin-flip transitions are prominent around 9 MeV. An accumulation of ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states between 5 and 8 MeV generating additional $E1$ strength, also denoted as pygmy dipole resonance, has been established in many nuclei with neutron excess within the last decade.Purpose: The $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay behavior of $J=1$ states has been investigated in an NRF experiment. $M1$ excitations have been compared to shell model calculations.Methods: $J=1$ states were excited by quasi-monoenergetic, linearly polarized $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray beams generated by laser-Compton backscattering at the $\mathrm{HI}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{S}$ facility, Durham, NC, USA. Depopulating $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays were detected with the multidetector array ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{3}$.Results: For eleven beam-energy settings the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay behavior of dipole states was analyzed by a state-to-state analysis and average $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay branching ratios have been investigated. 34 parity quantum numbers were assigned to $J=1$ states.Conclusions: Six ${1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states and two ${1}^{+}$ states have been investigated in NRF experiments for the first time. The $M1$ strength distribution is in good agreement with shell-model calculations.

We report on the first (p,p′γ) experiments at Ep=80 MeV to investigate the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) in the semi-magic nucleus $^{140}$Ce. This experiment is the latest in a series of experiments to investigate the PDR with different complementary probes to provide a multi-messenger data set on the properties of the PDR in $^{140}$Ce. In addition, calculations within the Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) have been performed. Cross sections have been calculated for proton- as well as α-scattering reactions based on the transition densities obtained from the QPM, not only at the RPA level, but including the full model space of up to 3p–3h configurations. This allows for the first time to compare the calculations to the experimental results on an absolute scale for single excitations. Agreement between QPM and experiment is observed, which proves the high accuracy of the calculated transition densities for individual PDR states.

Established early stage investors decide to invest in new ventures after evaluating the propensity of success and the risk of failure. Consequently, it is of considerable importance that the new business owners have substantial 'skin in the game' and are thus highly committed to business success. Despite its key role in practice, the entrepreneurs' own financial commitment has not yet been discussed in a crowdfunding context. Applying a signaling approach, our empirical findings show that entrepreneurs with comparatively more ex ante financial commitment in their project achieve significantly higher funding success. Moreover, our results suggest that financial commitment is the single most important variable determining funding success.

16TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CAPTURE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED TOPICS (CGS16), Shanghai, China, 18 Sep 2017 - 22 Sep 2017; The European physical journal / Web of Conferences Web of Conferences : proceedings proceedings 178, 02022 (2018). doi:10.1051/epjconf/201817802022, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)., Published by EDP Sciences, Les Ulis

We report on the first (p,p′γ) experiments at Ep=80 MeV to investigate the Pygmy Dipole Resonance (PDR) in the semi-magic nucleus 140Ce. This experiment is the latest in a series of experiments to investigate the PDR with different complementary probes to provide a multi-messenger data set on the properties of the PDR in 140Ce. In addition, calculations within the Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM) have been performed. Cross sections have been calculated for proton- as well as α-scattering reactions based on the transition densities obtained from the QPM, not only at the RPA level, but including the full model space of up to 3p–3h configurations. This allows for the first time to compare the calculations to the experimental results on an absolute scale for single excitations. Agreement between QPM and experiment is observed, which proves the high accuracy of the calculated transition densities for individual PDR states. Keywords: Pygmy Dipole Resonance, E1 strength, Direct reactions, Collective levels, Quasi-particle Phonon Model

The achievable acquisition rates of modern triggered nuclear physics experiments are heavily dependent on the readout software, in addition to the limits given by the utilized hardware. This paper presents an asynchronous readout scheme that significantly improves the livetime of an otherwise synchronous triggered VME-based data acquisition system. A detailed performance analysis of this and other readout schemes, in terms of the basic data transfer operations, is described. The performance of the newly developed scheme as well as synchronous schemes on two systems has been measured. The measurements show excellent agreement with the detailed description. For the second system, which previously used a synchronous readout, the deadtime ratio is at a 20 kHz trigger request frequency reduced by 30 % compared to the nearest contender, allowing 10 % more events to be recorded in the same time. The interaction between the network and readout tasks for single-core processors is also investigated. A livetime ratio loss of a few percent can be observed, depending on the size of the data chunks given to the operating system kernel for network transfer. With appropriately chosen chunk size, the effect can be mitigated., Comment: Accepted version

The totally subcutaneous implantable defibrillator (S-ICD) was introduced as a new alternative to conventional implantable defibrillators and is employed worldwide. This system is especially attractive for young patients. However, in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), T-wave oversensing may occur. To address the question whether the S-ICD system is suitable for HCM patients, the data of a standard of care prospective single-center S-ICD registry were evaluated. In the present study, 18 HCM patients who received an S-ICD for primary (n = 14) or secondary prevention (n = 4) and a minimal follow-up duration of 6 months were analyzed. The mean follow-up duration was 31.7 ± 15.4 months. Ventricular arrhythmias were adequately detected in 4 patients (22 %). In 7 patients (39 %), T-wave oversensing was noticed and led to at least one inappropriate shock in 4 patients (22 %). Further adverse events included surgical revision due to a mobile sensing electrode and resulting noise detection as well as one case of early battery failure requiring pulse generator change. Patients with HCM and S-ICD systems have an increased risk of T-wave oversensing and inappropriate shock delivery. Thorough monitoring as well as exercise tests may help to improve device settings and thereby prevent T-wave oversensing.

In this paper we propose a pulse shape based method for monitoring the interior temperature of a CsI(Tl) crystal in order to correct the temperature dependence in the energy calibration of the corresponding detector system. The gain dependence on temperature of the CsI(Tl) detector was measured using both, a photomultiplier tube (PMT) and an avalanche photodiode (APD) readout photosensor. The analysis shows that the gain shifts due to temperature variations can be corrected to a precision of better than 1% with both the PMT and the APD, well below the CsI(Tl) intrinsic energy resolution for ~1 MeV γ-rays.

Accurate neutron-capture cross sections on unstable nuclei near the line of beta stability are crucial for understanding the s-process nucleosynthesis. However, neutron-capture cross sections for short-lived radionuclides are difficult to measure due to the fact that the measurements require both highly radioactive samples and intense neutron sources. Essential ingredients for describing the γ decays following neutron capture are the γ-ray strength function and level densities. We will compare different indirect approaches for obtaining the most relevant observables that can constrain Hauser-Feshbach statistical-model calculations of capture cross sections. Specifically, we will consider photon scattering using monoenergetic and 100% linearly polarized photon beams. Challenges that exist on the path to obtaining neutron-capture cross sections for reactions on isotopes near and far from stability will be discussed., SCOPUS: cp.p, ND 2016: International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD®) has been established as an alternative to conventional transvenous ICD for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. Initial studies have shown safety and efficacy of the system with a left parasternal (LP) electrode. However, several case studies reported a right parasternal (RP) position. The purpose of this study was to analyze shock efficacy and safety of an RP electrode position. Between June 2010 and May 2016, 120 S-ICD® were implanted at our institution. On the basis of the heart location on preoperative chest radiography (CXR), the investigators decided on an RP (n = 52) or LP electrode position (n = 68). All perioperative induced VF episodes, and spontaneous appropriate and inappropriate episodes during follow-up were analyzed. Patients with an RP electrode did not differ in terms of age, sex, or ejection fraction. A statistically significant difference in underlying cardiac disease was observed between the RP and LP electrode group, with more patients with channelopathies in the RP electrode group and more patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in the LP electrode group. During a mean follow-up of 24.3 ± 19.5 months, 27 appropriate (19 in the LP group and 8 in the RP group) and 28 inappropriate (18 LP and 10 RP) ICD shocks occurred (p value = NS). In the present study, an RP electrode position was chosen on the basis of chest radiographic characteristics and was efficient in terms of sensing and shock efficacy. Thus, a right-sided electrode implant might be an alternative if a left-sided electrode implant is inadequate. It might also be favorable for young patients with narrow heart silhouettes in the midsagittal position.

The $E2/M1$ multipole mixing ratio ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2}$ of the ${1}_{\mathrm{sc}}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{2}_{1}^{+}$ $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray decay in $^{156}\mathrm{Gd}$ and hence the isovector $E2$ transition rate of the scissors mode of a well-deformed rotational nucleus has been measured for the first time. It has been obtained from the angular distribution of an artificial quasimonochromatic linearly polarized $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray beam of energy 3.07(6) MeV scattered inelastically off an isotopically highly enriched $^{156}\mathrm{Gd}$ target. The data yield first direct support for the deformation dependence of effective proton and neutron quadrupole boson charges in the framework of algebraic nuclear models. First evidence for a low-lying ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={2}^{+}$ member of the rotational band of states on top of the ${1}^{+}$ band head is obtained, too, indicating a significant signature splitting in the $K=1$ scissors mode rotational band.

We report on the second SOFIA experiment, dedicated to the fission yields of 236U*, analog to 235U(n,f). The measurement is based on the inverse kinematics method, using a relativistic, secondary beam of 236U. Both fission fragments are identified in mass and charge in the SOFIA recoil spectrometer. The obtained isotopic yields are compared with existing spectroscopy measurements and the elemental yields are used to discuss the treatment of the even-odd effect with energy in nuclear data libraries.

Infolge der Finanzkrise hatten britische Unternehmen deutlich häufiger Probleme Kredite zu erhalten als deutsche. Die Studie zeigt, dass ein Grund hierfür im deutschen Regionalbankensystem und seinen spezifischen Eigenschaften liegen könnte. Durch die Nähe zum Unternehmer besteht die Möglichkeit auch weiche Informationen in den Kreditvergabeprozess einfließen zu lassen. Ausnahmesituationen und deren Ursachen können so genauer erfasst und die vorhandenen Risiken besser bewertet werden. In den vergangenen Jahren wurde die Kreditvergabe aller Banken zunehmend stark reguliert. Gerade Regional- und Genossenschaftsbanken, die sich in der Krise als wichtige Stütze erwiesen, könnte dies jedoch finanziell überproportional stark belasten. After the financial crises British firms had much more difficulties than the German firms to get access to credits. The study shows that one reason for this development might lie in the specific features of the German regional banking system. Thus, due to the proximity to the entrepreneur regional banks can consider soft information in the lending process. It is therefore possible to understand and better assess exceptional situations and their causes. In recent years the lending processes of all banks have been heavily regulated. This might disproportionately burden regional- and cooperative banks financially.

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht anhand von Experteninterviews die Motive, Formen sowie Herausforderungen und Erfolgsfaktoren von Kooperationen zwischen etablierten Mittelständlern und Start-ups. Während sich Start-ups durch die Kooperation den Zugang zu einem großen Netzwerk sowie branchenspezifisches Know-how erhoffen, motiviert Mittelständler der Zugang zu neuen Technologien und hochqualifizierten Fachkräften. Die Wahl der konkreten Kooperationsform leitet sich aus den jeweiligen Zielen ab. Dabei unterscheiden sich Kooperationen hinsichtlich ihrer Intensität sowie in ihrer juristischen Ausgestaltung. Damit beide Seiten erfolgreich zusammenkommen, sollte sich das Start-up bereits im Vorfeld mit den Bedürfnissen des potenziellen Kooperationspartners auseinandersetzen. Etablierte Mittelständler sollten hingegen ihr stark ausgeprägtes Sicherheitsdenken ablegen und eine innovationsfreundliche Kultur im Unternehmen etablieren. Insgesamt bietet die Zusammenarbeit für beide Seiten ein großes Potenzial. Dabei profitiert das Start-up von einer effizienten Zusammenarbeit durch kurze Entscheidungswege in den inhabergeführten Unternehmen und der etablierte Mittelstand von einer höheren Wettbewerbsfähigkeit durch die Innovationsimpulse der Start-ups. The study examines motives, forms, challenges and success factors of cooperations between start-ups and established Mittelstand firms. While start-ups are motivated by network access and industry-specific knowledge, established firms seek access to new technologies and to highly qualified specialists. The chosen cooperation design derives from the partners' objectives and differs in terms of intensity and legal structure. To initiate a successful cooperation, established firms have to be open-minded and need to establish a risk- and innovation-friendly culture within their organization. Start-ups should already understand the specific needs of their potential partner in advance. Overall these cooperations offer great potential for both sides. Start-ups benefit from the short decision-making processes in owner-managed firms and established firms from higher competitiveness through the innovation impulses they receive from start-ups.

We have studied the potential of hard X-ray radiography as a diagnostic in high energy density experiments, proposed for the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). We present synthetic radiographic images generated from hydrodynamic simulations of the target evolution. The results suggest that high-resolution density measurements can be obtained from powerful hard X-ray sources driven by a PW-class high-energy laser system. Test measurements of a prototype hard X-ray imaging detector for photon energies above 100 keV are presented.

A new setup for the characterization of γ - ray detectors has been installed at the NEPTUN photon tagger facility of TU Darmstadt. The tagging technique used at NEPTUN provides a quasi monoenergetic photon source up to about 20 MeV by selecting single γ - ray energies within a bremsstrahlung spectrum. The energy is freely selectable by changing the tagging condition. The detector response function (DRF) of γ - ray detectors for quasi monoenergetic incident photons can be measured. This allows to investigate DRFs of various photon detectors as a function of the incident γ - ray energy. Simulations of DRFs that are intensively used in the analysis of nuclear physics experiments can be tested and compared to experimental data. The experimental setup is presented and the measurement of the DRF of a large volume high-purity Germanium detector is described as an example.

A new approach for constraining the low-energy part of the electric dipole Photon Strength Function (E1-PSF) is presented. Experiments at the Darmstadt High-Intensity Photon Setup and the High Intensity γ → -Ray Source have been performed to investigate the decay properties of 130Te between 5.50 and 8.15 MeV excitation energy. In particular, the average γ-ray branching ratio to the ground state and the population intensity of low-lying excited states have been studied. A comparison to the statistical model shows that the latter is sensitive to the low-energy behavior of the E1-PSF, while the average ground state branching ratio cannot be described by the statistical model in the energy range between 5.5 and 6.5 MeV.

Prevention of sudden cardiac death is one of the most important tasks of cardiology. Transvenous ICD-systems have impressively proven their effectiveness in numerous randomized trials. Transvenous systems have their limitations due to frequent long-term lead complications. Having been available for a few years, the entirely subcutaneous ICD-system (S-ICD®, Boston Scientific, USA, former Cameron Health, USA) seems to be a promising alternative despite the lack of prospective data. The implantation of the SICD® can be performed easily; lead complications are rare because of the totally subcutaneous implantation. The detection and therapy of life-threatening tachyarrhythmias seems to be safe, although inappropriate therapies are a common problem in cases of insufficient ECG screening. S-ICD® is no alternative to the transvenous system due to limited programming options and the lack of stimulation, but it is an interesting supplement of ICD therapy.

Background The approval of an entirely subcutaneous implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system (S-ICD) has raised attention about this promising technology. It was developed to overcome lead failure and infection problems of conventional transvenous ICD systems. Nevertheless, lead migration of the initial design and inappropriate shock rates have raised concerns regarding its reliability and safety. Objective The purpose of this study was to report the largest multicenter series to date of patients with the new device in comparison with a matched conventional transvenous ICD collective with focus on perioperative complications, conversion of induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), and short-term follow-up. Methods/Results Sixty-nine patients (50 male and 19 female; mean age 45.7±15.7 years) received an S-ICD in three German centers and were randomly assigned to 69 sex- and age-matched conventional ICD patients. The indication was primary prevention in 41 patients (59.4%) without difference between groups (34 control patients; P = .268). The predominant underlying heart disease was ischemic cardiomyopathy in 11 (15.9%), dilated cardiomyopathy in 25 (36.2%), and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 10 (14.5%) in the S-ICD group. Mean implantation time was 70.8±27.9 minutes ( P = .398). Conversion rates of induced VF were 89.5% for 65 J (15-J safety margin) and 95.5% including reversed shock polarity (15-J safety margin) in the study group. Termination of induced VF was successful in 90.8% (10-J safety margin, device dependent) of the control patients ( P = .815). Procedural complications were similar between the 2 groups. Mean follow-up was 217±138 days. During follow-up, 3 patients with S-ICD were appropriately treated for ventricular arrhythmias. Three inappropriate episodes (5.2%) occurred in 3 S-ICD patients due to T-wave oversensing, whereas atrial fibrillation with rapid conduction was the predominant reason for inappropriate therapy in conventional devices ( P = .745). Conclusion The novel S-ICD system can be implanted safely with similar perioperative adverse events compared with standard transvenous devices. Our case-control study demonstrates a 10.4% failure of conversion of induced VF with the S-ICD set to standard polarity and 15-J safety margin and comparable inappropriate shock rates during short-term follow-up.

The E2/M1 multipole mixing ratio δ_{1→2} of the 1_{sc}^{+}→2_{1}^{+} γ-ray decay in ^{156}Gd and hence the isovector E2 transition rate of the scissors mode of a well-deformed rotational nucleus has been measured for the first time. It has been obtained from the angular distribution of an artificial quasimonochromatic linearly polarized γ-ray beam of energy 3.07(6) MeV scattered inelastically off an isotopically highly enriched ^{156}Gd target. The data yield first direct support for the deformation dependence of effective proton and neutron quadrupole boson charges in the framework of algebraic nuclear models. First evidence for a low-lying J^{π}=2^{+} member of the rotational band of states on top of the 1^{+} band head is obtained, too, indicating a significant signature splitting in the K=1 scissors mode rotational band.

Background: The results of the recently published randomized SIMPLE trial question the role of routine intraoperative defibrillation testing. However, testing is still recommended during implantation of the entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (S‐ICD) system. To address the question of whether defibrillation testing in S‐ICD systems is still necessary, we analyzed the data of a large, standard‐of‐care prospective single‐center S‐ICD registry. // Methods and Results: In the present study, 102 consecutive patients received an S‐ICD for primary (n=50) or secondary prevention (n=52). Defibrillation testing was performed in all except 4 patients. In 74 (75%; 95% CI 0.66–0.83) of 98 patients, ventricular fibrillation was effectively terminated by the first programmed internal shock. In 24 (25%; 95% CI 0.22–0.44) of 98 patients, the first internal shock was ineffective and further internal or external shock deliveries were required. In these patients, programming to reversed shock polarity (n=14) or repositioning of the sensing lead (n=1) or the pulse generator (n=5) led to successful defibrillation. In 4 patients, a safety margin of

Background: Two-phonon excitations originating from the coupling of two collective one-phonon states are of great interest in nuclear structure physics. One possibility to generate low-lying $E1$ excitations is the coupling of quadrupole and octupole phonons.Purpose: In this work, the $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay behavior of candidates for the ${({2}_{1}^{+}\ensuremath{\bigotimes}{3}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}})}_{{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ state in the doubly magic nucleus $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ and in the heavier and semimagic nucleus $^{140}\mathrm{Ce}$ is investigated.Methods: $(\stackrel{P\vec}{\ensuremath{\gamma}},{\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ experiments have been carried out at the High Intensity $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray Source $(\mathrm{HI}\ensuremath{\gamma}\mathrm{S})$ facility in combination with the high-efficiency $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectroscopy setup ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{3}$ consisting of HPGe and ${\mathrm{LaBr}}_{3}$ detectors. The setup enables the acquisition of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence data and, hence, the detection of direct decay paths.Results: In addition to the known ground-state decays, for $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ the decay into the ${3}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ state was observed, while for $^{140}\mathrm{Ce}$ the direct decays into the ${2}_{1}^{+}$ and the ${0}_{2}^{+}$ state were detected. The experimentally deduced transition strengths and excitation energies are compared to theoretical calculations in the framework of EDF theory plus QPM approach and systematically analyzed for $N=82$ isotones. In addition, negative parities for two $J=1$ states in $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$ were deduced simultaneously.Conclusions: The experimental findings together with the theoretical calculations support the two-phonon character of the ${1}_{1}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ excitation in the light-to-medium-mass nucleus $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ as well as in the stable even-even $N=82$ nuclei.

The low-lying $M1$-strength of the open-shell nucleus $^{50}$Cr has been studied with the method of nuclear resonance fluorescence up to 9.7 MeV, using bremsstrahlung at the superconducting Darmstadt linear electron accelerator S-DALINAC and Compton backscattered photons at the High Intensity $\gamma$-ray Source (HI$\gamma$S) facility between 6 and 9.7 MeV of the initial photon energy. Fifteen $1^{+}$ states have been observed between 3.6 and 9.7 MeV. Following our analysis, the lowest $1^{+}$ state at 3.6 MeV can be considered as an isovector orbital mode with some spin admixture. The obtained results generally match the estimations and trends typical for the scissors-like mode. Detailed calculations within the Skyrme Quasiparticle Random-Phase-Approximation method and the Large-Scale Shell Model justify our conclusions. The calculated distributions of the orbital current for the lowest $1^{+}$-state suggest the schematic view of Lipparini and Stringari (isovector rotation-like oscillations inside the rigid surface) rather than the scissors-like picture of Lo Iudice and Palumbo. The spin M1 resonance is shown to be mainly generated by spin-flip transitions between the orbitals of the $fp$-shell.

The low-lying M 1-strength of the open-shell nucleus 50 Cr has been studied with the method of nuclear resonance fluorescence up to 9.7 MeV, using bremsstrahlung at the superconducting Darmstadt linear electron accelerator S-DALINAC and Compton backscattered photons at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS) facility between 6 and 9.7 MeV of the initial photon energy. Fifteen 1+ states have been observed between 3.6 and 9.7 MeV. Following our analysis, the lowest 1+ state at 3.6 MeV can be considered as an isovector orbital mode with some spin admixture. The obtained results generally match the estimations and trends typical for the scissors mode. Detailed calculations within the Skyrme Quasiparticle Random-Phase-Approximation method and the Large-Scale Shell Model justify our conclusions. The calculated distributions of the orbital current for the lowest 1+ -state suggest the schematic view of Lipparini and Stringari (isovector rotation-like oscillations inside the rigid surface) rather than the scissors-like picture of Lo Iudice and Palumbo. The spin M1 resonance is shown to be mainly generated by spin-flip transitions between the orbitals of the f p-shell.

R. Reifarth et al: ; 12 págs.; 9 figs.; Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 3.0 ; Nuclear Physics in Astrophysics VI (NPA6), The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process ow and r-process -decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will oer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes., This project was supported by the HGF Young Investigators Project VH-NG-327, EMMI, H4F, HGS-HIRe, JINA, NAVI, DFG and ATHENA.

The applicability of LaBr3:Ce detectors for high count rate γ - ray spectroscopy is investigated. A 3 in.×3 in. LaBr3:Ce detector is used in a test setup with radioactive sources to study the dependence of energy resolution and photo peak efficiency on the overall count rate in the detector. Digitized traces were recorded using a 500 MHz FADC and analysed with digital signal processing methods. Good performance is obtained using standard techniques up to about 500 kHz counting rate. A pile-up correction method is applied to the data in order to further improve the capabilities at even higher rates with a focus on recovering the losses in efficiency due to signal pile-up. It is shown that γ - ray spectroscopy can be performed with only moderate lossen in efficiency and high resolution at count rates even above 1 MHz and that the performance can be enhanced in the region between 500 kHz and 10 MHz by using the applied pile-up correction techniques.

Der arztlichen Dokumentation ist groste Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen. Nachlassigkeiten konnen im Streitfall erhebliche prozessuale Nachteile mit sich bringen. Deshalb erscheint es angeraten, bereits den Studierenden des Fachs Medizin im fruhen Studium vor Augen zu fuhren, dass die Dokumentation eine selbstverstandliche arztliche Pflicht darstellt und deshalb hierauf groste Sorgfalt zu verwenden ist. Dem Krankenhausmanagement kann man nur empfehlen, auf die Einhaltung dieser Pflichten grostmogliche Sorgfalt walten zu lassen. Kontrollen sind unerlasslich. Im Rahmen der Qualitatssicherung sollte, wie dies in vielen Kliniken bereits der Fall ist, eine eigenstandige Abteilung fur Dokumentation eingerichtet werden.

Aims The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in patients with torsade de pointes (TdP) and ventricular fibrillation in the presence of acquired long QT syndrome (aLQTS) is under debate, partly due to the fact that aLQTS is potentially reversible and currently no long-term follow-up data are available. We aimed to evaluate the long-term follow-up of patients with acquired long QT syndrome (aLQTS) who had received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Method and results Over a 10 year period, 43 patients with an ICD after survived cardiac arrest (SCA) due to an aLQTS were included [female n = 27 (63%); mean age 61±16 years]. There was no clinical evidence for congenital LQTS (Schwartz score 1.25±0.8). Structural heart disease was present in 29 patients (47%; ischaemic n = 13; dilated cardiomyopathy n = 9; mean EF 41%±12). The most common proarrhythmic trigger happened to be antiarrhythmic drugs ( n = 34; 79%). Other triggers included contrast agent ( n = 1), haloperidol ( n = 2), severe hypokalaemia ( n = 2), drug abuse/alcohol ( n = 2), and mere severe bradycardia ( n = 2). Under trigger QTc interval measured 536±58 vs. 438±33 ms without trigger ( P < 0.001). During a mean follow-up of 84 ± 55 months, appropriate shocks occurred in 19 patients (44%); inappropriate shocks in 13 patients (30%; only inappropriate n = 3). Appropriate shocks were almost as common in patients without as in those with structural heart disease (35 vs. 48%; P = 0.32). None of the patients were re-exposed to the initial trigger during the follow-up period. Beta-blocker medication did not prevent ICD shocks (12 of 19 vs. 11 of 24 on medication). Conclusion Appropriate ICD shocks are a common finding in patients with aLQTS and SCA irrespective of the underlying cause or structural heart disease. Thus, even in the presence of relevant acquired proarrhythmia ICD may be beneficial.

The Darmstadt High-Intensity Photon Setup (DHIPS) for photon-scattering and photodissociation experiments at the superconducting electron linear accelerator S–DALINAC has been improved. We report on its present performance. The developments include the installation of a segmented radiator for an online evaluation of the beam energy and the construction of a second photon-scattering setup with a Clover detector to deduce parity assignments. The enhancement of the existing photon-scattering setup with an additional 100% HPGe detector and some minor changes are described as well as the installation of two setups for photon-induced activation. In addition, we present a comparison of experimental data to Monte Carlo simulations using the codes Geant 3.21 and GEANT4.

The totally subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) is an entirely novel defibrillation device that avoids the direct contact of device electrodes with the heart and the cardiovascular system. Here, we present a particular case of a young woman with congenital long-QT syndrome in which we implanted the electrode alternatively, right parasternally. This decision was based on the thoracic anatomy of the patient and on findings of a model of S-ICD electrodes in an adult torso. In conclusion, in some patients an alternative subcutaneous electrode position may be carefully considered but should not be taken to outweigh the standard left-sided placement. (PACE 2012; 35:e254–e257)

A new approach to pulse shape classification for neutron detectors of type BC501A has been investigated. The method is based on the fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm, which allows finding clusters of similar shapes in a set of digitized detector pulses. The aim of the method is to provide principal pulse shapes, which further can be used to apply a pulse shape based particle identification. Since the method is not adapted to the case of liquid scintillator signals it is of general use and can also be applied to signals of other detector types. A detailed study of the quality of the FCM method for the search of principal pulse shapes in BC501A liquid scintillators is presented using a 500 Msample/s 12 bit digitizer and a 252Cf neutron source. A comparison to principal pulse shapes extracted using time-of-flight information proves the applicability of the method. Finally, an example of a pulse shape discrimination method based on the extracted principal pulse shapes is presented and compared to the well-known integration method.

Als Belegarzte werden nicht im Krankenhaus angestellte Vertragsarzte bezeichnet, die berechtigt sind, ihre Patienten im Krankenhaus unter Inanspruchnahme der hierfur bereit gestellten Dienste, Einrichtungen und Mittel vollstationar oder teilstationar zu behandeln, ohne hierfur vom Krankenhaus eine Vergutung zu erhalten. Nach einer Entscheidung des Landessozialgerichts Nordrhein-Westfalen konnen Herzchirurgen ebenfalls als Belegarzte tatig sein. Bereits bisher bestehende haftungsrechtliche Abgrenzungsfragen, also die Entscheidung, wer fur wessen Fehler einsteht, werden hierdurch an Relevanz gewinnen. Besondere Probleme zeitigt in diesem Zusammenhang die Arbeit kooperierender Belegarzte. Auch hinsichtlich versicherungsrechtlicher Aspekte verlangt die Gestaltung der Vertrage zwischen Arzt und Krankenhaustrager fur eine herzchirurgische Belegarzttatigkeit besondere Sorgfalt.

12TH INTERNATIONAL SPRING SEMINAR ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS: CURRENT PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, Napoli, Italy, 15 May 2017 - 19 May 2017; Journal of physics / Conference Series 966, 012035 (2018). doi:10.1088/1742-6596/966/1/012035, Published by IOP Publ., Bristol