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Nowadays, with patented technologies for the production of goods, the possibility of reducing their cost in order to maintain a competitive position in the commodity markets is supported by the rational organization of transportation. Thus, the transport component in the final cost of transported goods is reduced. At the same time, when using the same handling, lifting and transporting equipment from a limited number of global manufacturers, the possibility of reducing the cost of transport operations (both shipping and handling, including loading/unloading) depends only on their rational use. One of the mechanisms for rationalizing the loading and unloading operations carried out by container terminals is the rationalization of cargo plans of the serviced container ships. The versatility of their development is determined, first of all, by high requirements for the safety of navigation, which determine the provision of the necessary stability, unsinkability, the absence of a heel and difference that interfere with the work, the required sitting of the ship in the water, etc. On the other hand, the rational placement of containers in the slots and on the hatches covers of the container ships, corresponding to the voyage rotation (the sequence of visiting terminals on the trip in progress), provides an increase in the share of productive movements of handling, lifting and transporting equipment, reduces the required time for a ship to be under loading and unloading operations, which reduces the time of a group of ship trips on a string. Such calculations are complicated by the fact that the handling equipment used during the loading and unloading operations on a separate ship operates conditionally autonomously, each unit - for its own section of the ship (“bay”). Thus, the task can be solved only in a complex manner, coupled with the task of cranes allocation over the berth. The paper studies the issues of cargo planning of liner container ships from the standpoint of reducing the time of ship’s turnaround time due to rational assignment and use of port handling equipment.

The immobilization of oligonucleotides is an essential step for the development of various biosensors and DNA microarrays. Different methods were developed for the immobilization of oligonucleotides. Here we report a systematic comparison of several popular approaches for oligonucleotide immobilization on Ta2O5 surface: Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition, amine‐to‐sulfhydryl coupling via asymmetric heterobifuctional spacer in two directions, amine‐to‐amine coupling via homobifunctional spacer and disulfide linkage. The performance of these methods was analyzed for the efficiency and specificity of DNA immobilization and subsequent complementary strand hybridization using fluorescent imaging and ELONA with the assistance of atomic force microscopy. Azide‐alkyne cycloaddition and disulfide linkage demonstrated the highest load of immobilized and hybridized DNA and low rate of non‐specific DNA attachment. Both procedures allow the retention of DNA functionality and thus can be applied for the development of oligonucleotide‐based biosensors and microarrays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research work is to identify the laws of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline internal combustion engines (ICE). The main results: dependence of the thermodynamic operation of the working body of ICE in theoretical cycles of four-stroke inline piston gasoline engines as a function of the angle of rotation of the crankshaft; regularities of uneven generation of positive thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline one-, two-, three -, five-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; regularities of the alternating character of thermodynamic operation in the theoretical cycles of inline four-stroke one -, two -, three -, four - and five-cylinder gasoline piston ICE; regularities of positive thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline six-and eight-cylinder piston gasoline ICE; conditions for uniform pulsation of thermodynamic operation during the entire theoretical cycle of four-stroke inline piston gasoline ICE - the product of the crankshaft angle by the number of cylinders must be 720o (four-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 180o, six-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 120o, eight-cylinder inline with a crankshaft angle of 90o).

Materials (cement stone samples) in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system with the target phase compositions, including syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O and calcium sulfate dihydrate CaSO4·2H2O, were prepared from powder mixtures of calcium sulfate anhydrite CaSO4, and/or calciolangbeinite K2Ca2(SO4)3, and potassium sulfate K2SO4 via hydration reactions at a water/powder ratio within an interval of 0.5–0.9. It was revealed that samples with contents of 25, 50, 75 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O demonstrated a nonlinear dependence of their respective microstructures on their phase compositions. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 25 and 75 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of pillar crystals. The microstructures of samples with phase compositions of 50 and 100 mol% of syngenite K2Ca(SO4)2·H2O consisted of plate crystals. An explanation of microstructure formation was set forth, taking into account equilibria of the dissolution–crystallization processes during cement stone formation. Materials obtained in the CaO-K2O-SO3-H2O system consisting of biocompatible and resorbable (soluble in water) phases can be recommended for testing as potential substances for bone defect treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, growth parameters of underground parts and concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and catechins in aqueous–ethanol extracts of 6-year-old cultivated plants of Rhodiola rosea (propagated in vitro) of Altai Mountain origin were analyzed, and differences in chemical composition among plant specimens and between plant parts (rhizome and root) were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography detected 13 phenolic compounds. Roots contained 1.28 times higher phenylethanoids levels (1273.72 mg/100 g) than rhizomes did. Overall, the concentration of phenylethanoids in underground organs was not high and ranged from 21.36 to 103.00 mg/100 g. High variation among R. rosea individual plants was noted both in growth characteristics and in levels of secondary metabolites under our cultivation conditions. It was found that concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, and catechins significantly depend on the plant part analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). Specimen No. 4 is characterized by the highest concentration of rosavins (1230.99 mg/plant) and the lowest concentration of cinnamyl alcohol (62.87 mg/plant). Despite the wide range of values, all 10 tested specimens (underground part) met the minimum requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia (2015) for rosavins (0.3%) and of the Russia State Pharmacopoeia (2015) for the average level of rosavins (roots): (1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation results of the possibility of manufacturing radiation tolerant microwave amplifiers implementing in domestic GaAs D-mode pHEMT 0.5 μm process are presented in this work. The amplifier with an operating frequency range from 0.1 GHz to 3.5 GHz, gain above 15 dB, noise figure below 2.2 dB, output linearity above 17 dBm is designed, produced and measured. The characteristic property of the amplifier is a single positive supply voltage and extended frequency range up to 100 MHz provided by the external capacitor circuit. Transient radiation effects in the amplifier are investigated up to the dose rate value of 4.9·109 a.u./s. The recovery time does not exceed 4 μs according to the experimental results.

Increasing productivity by higher cutting speed and achieving high precision of machined products at the same time is an important trend in the development of manufacturing technologies and metalworking machine tools. If the traditional method of exchangeable components in assemblies will lead to inefficient precise processes, the product costs will increase. The proposed energy-informational model considers a procedural system establishing the ratio of the cutting speed and the speed of physical processes in the machine tools. The energetic limit for the attainability of associated processes describes the allowable speed of materials processing by the machine tools. Stiffness of machine tool structures for highest precision manufacturing becomes comparable to work piece geometrical accuracy and manufacturing process tolerances. This paper gives several examples for admissible limits of increased productivity by increased process speeds in various manufacturing technologies for both traditional cutting and innovative methods.