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Background The prevalence and epidemiology of pre-treatment drug resistance (PDR) and acquired drug resistance (ADR) among HIV-infected individuals vary considerably in different regions of China. Both types of drug resistance have adverse effects on the antiviral treatment outcomes for patients, potentially exacerbating their poor prognosis. Currently, there is a paucity of research on the prevalence and epidemiology of PDR and ADR among HIV-infected individuals in Southwest China. Objective This study investigated the prevalence and epidemiology of pre-treatment drug resistance and acquired drug resistance among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Southwest China. Methods This was a large cross-sectional study that enrolled PLWH who visited Guiyang Public Health Clinical Center between January 1, 2021, and June 30, 2023, and underwent drug resistance gene testing. HIV-1 genotype and drug resistance were analyzed using HIV-1 pol sequence. The Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database was used to analyze major drug resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase and protease Sanger sequences. Risk factors associated with pre-treatment drug resistance were evaluated using a Logistic regression model. Results A total of 1 613 individuals were included in the study, with 824 ART-naive and 789 ART-experienced. The most common genotype among ART-naive patients was B+C (47.0%), and the drug resistance rate was 18.7% (154/824) with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) accounting for 14.9% (123/824), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) accounting for 1.7% (14/824), protease inhibitors (PIs) accounting for 2.7% (22/824), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) accounting for 1.9% (16/824). Among the ART-experienced patients, the most common genotype was CRF01-AE (37.4%), with a drug resistance rate of 27.8% (219/789). The mutation rates for NNRTIs, NRTIs, PIs, and INSTIs were 7.7% (61/789), 19.3% (152/789), 2.7% (21/789), and 1.1% (9/789), respectively. Furthermore, multivariate Logistic regression modeling revealed that transmission route, CD4+ T-cell count, viral load, and the time interval between diagnosis and ART initiation were associated with an increased risk of pre-treatment drug resistance (P

Influenza infection is associated with a risk of thrombosis. Whether factors associated with reduced thrombosis might also be associated with reduced risk in patients with severe influenza is unknown. To investigate risk factors associated with thrombosis in patients with severe influenza. We used a cohort data set to identify adults diagnosed with severe influenza. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models explored potential risk factors for thrombosis events in patients with severe influenza. Cox regression analysis was used to examine the risk factors for mortality in patients with severe influenza. A total of 854 patients with severe influenza were included in the analysis. The incidence of VTE was 9.37% (80/854). Multivariable regression analysis showed that previous aspirin medication (OR: 0.37; 95%CI: 0.14-0.84; P =.029) could reduce the risk factor of thrombosis in patients with severe influenza. Compared with patients in the non-thrombosis group, patients in the thrombosis group required more mechanical ventilation (P <.001), tracheostomy (P <.001), ECMO (P =.046), and high-frequency ventilation (P =.004). The incidence of co-infection was higher in the thrombosis group compared to the non-thrombosis group (P =.025). Univariable Cox regression analysis showed that previous aspirin medication (HR 0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.82, P =.005) and previous statin medication (HR 0.54, 95%CI: 0.34-0.87, P =.011) were risk factors for 60-day mortality in patients with severe influenza. Patients with severe influenza are at high risk for thrombosis. The effect of aspirin on thrombosis in patients with severe influenza needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) elastomers generated via the copolymerization of 3,3-bis(azidomethyl) oxetane and tetrahydrofuran have been widely used as a matrix for solid engines in rockets, missiles, and spacecraft because of their positive standard enthalpies of formation. This study investigates how the decomposition of PBT elastomers impacts their interactions with plasticizers during long-term storage and aging. We apply molecular dynamics to calculate the parameters (e.g., glass transition temperature, mechanical properties, diffusion, and compatibility) of PBT elastomers that influence the aging performance of PBT. The computational results indicate that as the degree of thermal-oxidative aging decomposition increases, the radius of gyration, peak value of radial distribution function, and free volume fraction of the aging model all decrease. The concomitant increase in defects and the weakening of the interactions between molecular chains in the aging model lead to a continuous reduction in the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature of the aging model. In general, the plasticizer exhibits enhanced diffusion and reduced compatibility. Overall, this article establishes models representing different degrees of thermal-oxidative aging of PBT elastomers, thereby revealing the interactions between plasticizers and PBT elastomers under thermal-oxidative aging conditions. The results provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the changes in the macroscopic aging performance of PBT elastomers from a microstructural perspective.