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The physical and social environment of school settings are important for health promotion among children and adolescents. Efforts to create supportive environments at the school level can benefit from including community engagement and empowerment processes to advocate for health promotion. The Our Voice model presents a unique opportunity for Latin American students to improve their school environments. The objective of this study was to engage and empower students (9–18 years) from five schools in Bogotá, Colombia to use the Our Voice model to assess and seek to improve their local school environments. This study employed Our Voice's 'citizen science by the people' method using a mobile application for data collection. The Our Voice initiative included the following four phases: (1) Design, planning and recruitment; (2) Data collection; (3) Community meetings for thematic analysis, priority setting and initial design of feasible solutions; and (4) Community meetings with decision-makers to advocate for changes. The citizen scientists identified and advocated for safer physical activity-supportive environments and healthier food and drinks availability. This study allowed children and adolescent citizen scientists to make their voices heard by policymakers and empowered them as agents of change in the process of building healthier schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food security is an increasing problem for older adults who are living longer and having to stretch their resources further. Initiatives such as subsidized community market days are increasingly important in bolstering food security amongst these groups but there have been few attempts to understand these initiatives from the perspective of community members. This exploratory study examined the utility of a novel citizen science approach to engage older adults in evaluating and improving a local food security initiative. Using the Our Voice methodology, citizen scientists recorded their perceptions of their local Market Day via photographs and audio narratives. Thirteen citizen scientists captured 127 photographs and 125 commentaries. Citizen scientists participated in workshops to discuss, code and synthesize their data, and used their findings to advocate for change. A number of improvements to the Market Day were made by key stakeholders on the basis of citizen scientist recommendations, including improving the processes for sourcing and storing food and changing the layout to improve access. This study demonstrates that citizen science is a useful and feasible approach to engaging community members in capturing data and advocating for change to ensure that local initiatives meet the needs of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The study objective was to determine the health and quality-of-life effects of moderate-intensity exercise among older women family caregivers. Methods. This 12-month randomized controlled trial involved a volunteer sample of 100 women aged 49 to 82 years who were sedentary, free of cardiovascular disease, and caring for a relative with dementia. Participants were randomized to 12 months of home-based, telephone-supervised, moderate-intensity exercise training or to an attention-control (nutrition education) program. Exercise consisted of four 30- to 40-minute endurance exercise sessions (brisk walking) prescribed per week at 60% to 75% of heart rate reserve based on peak treadmill exercise heart rate. Main outcomes were stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity levels, rated sleep quality, and reported psychological distress. Results. Compared with nutrition participants (NU), exercise participants (EX) showed significant improvements in the following: total energy expenditure (baseline and post-test means [SD] for EX = 1.4 [1.9] and 2.2 [2.2] kcal/kg/day; for NU = 1.2 [1.7] and 1.2 [1.6] kcal/kg/day; p < .02); stress-induced blood pressure reactivity (baseline and post-test systolic blood pressure reactivity values for EX = 21.6 [12.3] and 12.4 [11.2] mm Hg; for NU = 17.9 [10.2] and 17.7 [13.8] mm Hg; p < .024); and sleep quality (p < .05). NU showed significant improvements in percentages of total calories from fats and saturated fats relative to EX (p values < .01). Both groups reported improvements in psychological distress. Conclusions. Family caregivers can benefit from initiating a regular moderate-intensity exercise program in terms of reductions in stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity and improvements in rated sleep quality.

This article investigates whether the use of telephone or mail health counseling techniques influence older adults' exercise adherence.

This article examines the relationship between life change events and adherence to a home-based or class-based exercise program. Results indicate that participants who reported three or four life events within a six month period had significantly lower rates of program adherence regardless of exercise format.

The personal, environmental, and program-based barriers to physical activity in US middle-aged women are discussed. The barriers included American Indian ethnicity, less education, older age, and lack of energy. Approximately 62% of respondents rated exercise with a personal trainer as more appealing than exercise in an instructor-led group.

Background: Many American adults remain sedentary despite many known health benefits. Research on the determinants of physical activity have indicated that social support is one of the strongest correlates, but little is known about this relation in important subgroups of middle and older-aged women. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the association of physical activity-related social support on several measures of physical activity in a national sample of minority women. A unique aspect of these measures is the inclusion of vigorous household tasks and occupational physical activities. Methods: The US Women's Determinants Study was conducted in 1996-1997. The survey was a modified-random sample, telephone survey of 2912 Black, Hispanic, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and White women age 40 and older. A composite score of physical activity social support (PASS) was analyzed as the independent variable in logistic regression analyses. Four measures of physical activity levels served as the dependent variables. A separate analysis was done to distinguish PASS from friends versus PASS from relatives. The potential confounding effect of race/ethnicity, marital status, age, income and education were evaluated and adjusted in the models. Results: Hispanic women were more likely to have high PASS scores than the other racial/ethnic groups. Odds ratios indicate that subjects with high levels of PASS were significantly less likely to be sedentary than those with low support, even after adjusting for race ethnicity. While there were significant associations among levels of social support and physical activity, this was not true for the measure of 'regular exercise.' There was no significant difference between the contribution of 'friend' support versus 'family' support on all four measures on physical activity. Discussion: based on our results, enhancing social support may be an important aspect of interventions aimed at increasing physical activity in a population of sedentary women of various racial/ethnic backgrounds. Also, 'regular exercisers' in this population appear to be less reliant social support to maintain their behavior. Keywords: Physical activity; Social support; Minority; Women

Background. This study explored the prevalence of and factors associated with physician suggestions to exercise in a sample of older adults. Methods. We conducted telephone interviews of a random sample of members of two Medicare health maintenance organizations (HMOs) in Northern California. Participants were 893 community-dwelling older adults of whom 63% were women, 52% were married, and 12% were in a minority group. Mean years of education was 14.8 [+ or -] (2.6) and mean years of age was 74.9 [+ or -] (6.5). The associations between patient self-reports of ever receiving physician recommendations to exercise and the following categories of variables were assessed: demographics, health-related quality of life, medical conditions, health/risk behaviors, and health knowledge/interest/satisfaction. Results. The prevalence of older adults in this study ever receiving a physician suggestion to exercise was 48.2%. In a multivariate logistic regression model, being younger, sedentary, and having a higher body mass index were independently (p [less than or equal to] .05) and positively associated with increased reports of having ever received a physician's advice to exercise. Those who were pre-contemplators (not thinking about changing physical activity behavior), and those who reported greater frequency of endurance exercise were less likely to report receiving a physician recommendation exercise (p [less than or equal to] .05). Conclusions. Although physician advice appeared to be targeted to subgroups that could benefit, physician advice on exercise could be particularly increased for patients over 75 years of age, those currently not thinking about an increase in physical activity, and those currently active patients who may benefit from ongoing physician advice to promote maintenance.